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Coutts SB, Berge E, Campbell BCV, Muir KW, Parsons MW. Tenecteplase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: A review of completed and ongoing randomized controlled trials. Int J Stroke 2018; 13:885-892. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493018790024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alteplase has been the mainstay of thrombolytic treatment since the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial was published in 1995. Over recent years, several trials have investigated alternative thrombolytic agents. Tenecteplase, a genetically engineered mutant tissue plasminogen activator, has a longer half-life, allowing single intravenous bolus administration without infusion, is more fibrin specific, produces less systemic depletion of circulating fibrinogen, and is more resistant to plasminogen activator inhibitor compared to alteplase. Tenecteplase is established as the first-line intravenous thrombolytic drug for myocardial infarction, where it has been shown to achieve comparable reperfusion with reduced risk of systemic bleeding in comparison to alteplase. We review the literature on tenecteplase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, with a focus on the major completed and ongoing trials. Overall, tenecteplase shows promise for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, both in populations currently eligible for alteplase and also in groups not currently treated with thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelagh B Coutts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eivind Berge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bruce CV Campbell
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Xu N, Chen Z, Zhao C, Xue T, Wu X, Sun X, Wang Z. Different doses of tenecteplase vs alteplase in thrombolysis therapy of acute ischemic stroke: evidence from randomized controlled trials. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2071-2084. [PMID: 30013325 PMCID: PMC6038859 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s170803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies showed inconsistent results of tenecteplase vs alteplase for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with safety and efficacy. Methods A meta-analysis was performed to explore the value of tenecteplase and alteplase in AIS treatment. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from January 2001 to April 2018 were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with tenecteplase vs alteplase for AIS. Results The primary outcomes were early neurological improvement at 24 h and functional outcome at 3 months. We pooled 1,390 patients from four RCTs. Tenecteplase showed a significant early neurological improvement (P=0.035) compared with alteplase. In addition, tenecteplase showed a neutral effect on excellent outcome (P=0.309), good functional outcome (P=0.275), and recanalization (P=0.3). No significant differences in safety outcomes were demonstrated. In subgroup analysis, 0.25 mg/kg dose of tenecteplase showed a significantly increased early neurological improvement (P<0.001). In serious stroke at baseline (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >12) subgroup, tenecteplase showed a dramatic early neurological improvement (P=0.002) and low risks of any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (P=0.027). Conclusion Tenecteplase provided better early neurological improvement than alteplase. The 0.25 mg/kg dose of tenecteplase subgroup specially showed better early neurological improvement and lower any ICH tendency than that of alteplase. In addition, in serious stroke at baseline subgroup, tenecteplase showed a lower risk of any ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ; .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chongshun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, ;
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Tsivgoulis G, Kargiotis O, Alexandrov AV. Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: a bridge between two centuries. Expert Rev Neurother 2018. [PMID: 28644924 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1347039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only approved systemic reperfusion therapy suitable for most patients presenting timely with acute ischemic stroke. Accumulating real-word experience for over 20 years regarding tPA safety and effectiveness led to re-appraisal of original contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Areas covered: This narrative review focuses on fast yet appropriate selection of patients for safe administration of tPA per recently expanded indications. Novel strategies for rapid patient assessment will be discussed. The potential for mobile stroke units (MSU) that shorten onset-to-needle time and increase tPA treatment rates is addressed. The use of IVT in the era of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is highlighted. The continuing role of IVT in large vessel occlusion (LVO) patients eligible for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is discussed with regards to 'drip and ship' vs. 'mothership' treatment paradigms. Promising studies of penumbral imaging to extend IVT beyond the 4.5-hour window and in wake-up strokes are summarized. Expert commentary: This review provides an update on the role of IVT in specific conditions originally considered tPA contraindications. Novel practice challenges including NOAC's, MSU proliferation and bridging therapy (IVT&MT) for LVO patients, and the potential extension of IVT time-window using penumbral imaging are emerging as safe and potentially effective IVT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- a Second Department of Neurology , National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital , Athens , Greece.,b Department of Neurology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | | | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- b Department of Neurology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
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Xiang X, Cao F. Time window and "tissue window": two approaches to assist decision-making in strokes. J Neurol 2018; 266:283-288. [PMID: 29922951 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous alteplase given in an appropriate time window has been recommended in guidelines and effects are on the decline over time. In general, the clinical decision is primarily based on whether ischemic stroke patients are sent to hospitals within the time window. However, some patients sent to the hospital over time limitations are eligible to receive intervention for recanalization due to good collateral circulation. In this dilemma, "tissue window" can be more reliable, which means using the penumbra as a major criterion for patient recruitment. Hence, we herein aim to address how could "tissue window" be a complementary approach when it does not conform to the time window's indication and affirming value of the later one. Some efforts obeying the time window are discussed first. In the later sections, we give the details of the definition of "tissue window", and then compare various neuroimaging techniques to determine the penumbra and summarize favorable patterns. Finally, we will focus on how the "tissue window" extends the therapeutic time window under specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuYing Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue in Hankou, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue in Hankou, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Lamblin A, Bascou M, Drouard E, Alberti N, de Greslan T. [Thrombolytic treatment of vertebro-basilar ischemic stroke in N'Djamena, Republic of Chad]. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 29:35. [PMID: 29875917 PMCID: PMC5987079 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.29.35.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is rare among the French Armed Forces, but Army doctors on missions may be called on to manage it, in particular in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this is a critical emergency requiring early multidisciplinary approach, with limited means, involving neurologists from mainland France, in order to ensure patient optimal treatment. We here report the case of a patient with vertebro-basilar ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lamblin
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | | | - Eve Drouard
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Nicolas Alberti
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Alpes-Léman, Contamine-sur-Arve, France
| | - Thierry de Greslan
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
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Moussaddy A, Demchuk AM, Hill MD. Thrombolytic therapies for ischemic stroke: Triumphs and future challenges. Neuropharmacology 2018; 134:272-279. [PMID: 29505787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke therapy has significantly evolved over the last two decades. The two main advances have been the approval of intravenous chemical thrombolysis in 1995, and the approval of intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy in 2015. This has led to significant improvement of functional outcomes in a disease known to be the first cause of disability worldwide. Subsequent studies have focused on identifying pre-treatment predictors of good treatment candidates, by developing biochemical and imaging biomarkers. Different doses and agents of thrombolysis are also being tested. In this review article, we explain the fundamentals of stroke therapy focusing on the time, recanalization and collateral perfusion factors. We then review recent advances in stroke thrombolysis, the most significant of which is the recent trials on a novel rtPA agent, tenecteplase, and approval of endovascular treatment as a standard of care. Looking ahead, defining the benefits and limitations of bridging chemical with mechanical thrombolysis is a key area of current interest. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Moussaddy
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Nepal G, Kharel G, Ahamad ST, Basnet B. Tenecteplase versus Alteplase for the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Low-income Country-Nepal: Cost, Efficacy, and Safety. Cureus 2018; 10:e2178. [PMID: 29651371 PMCID: PMC5890961 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous alteplase is the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Tenecteplase, a genetically engineered, mutant tissue plasminogen activator, is an alternative thrombolytic agent. The economic feasibility of stroke treatment has been a matter of huge debate and discussion thus far. The use of thrombolytics for the management of ischemic stroke has recently begun in Nepal. In low-income countries like Nepal, where the per capita income falls at just $691.7 and 25.2% of the population are under the poverty line, stroke patients cannot meet treatment expenses. Tenecteplase is easily available (for the management of acute coronary syndrome) in tertiary-level hospitals of Nepal and the price quote of tenecteplase ($450) is half the price of alteplase ($1000). In emergency cases, sometimes, the cost of alteplase can be greater than the patient can afford and they can't undergo thrombolysis even after arriving on time. However, evidence exists that supports the use of other alternatives (tenecteplase), which are also effective in the management of acute ischemic stroke. In this article, we examined current evidence for the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase when compared to alteplase. This review will make neurologists in Nepal familiar with the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in comparison with alteplase since it is common for patients to not be able to afford the expensive alteplase, which makes guideline-based practice impossible some times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Nepal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine
| | - Ghanshyam Kharel
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine
| | | | - Babin Basnet
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine
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Dong MX, Li CM, Shen P, Hu QC, Wei YD, Ren YF, Yu J, Gui SW, Liu YY, Pan JX, Xie P. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator induces long-term anxiety-like behaviors via the ERK1/2-GAD1-GABA cascade in the hippocampus of a rat model. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:119-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, Yassi N, Kleinig TJ, Yan B, Dowling RJ, Bush SJ, Dewey HM, Thijs V, Simpson M, Brooks M, Asadi H, Wu TY, Shah DG, Wijeratne T, Ang T, Miteff F, Levi C, Krause M, Harrington TJ, Faulder KC, Steinfort BS, Bailey P, Rice H, de Villiers L, Scroop R, Collecutt W, Wong AA, Coulthard A, Barber PA, McGuinness B, Field D, Ma H, Chong W, Chandra RV, Bladin CF, Brown H, Redmond K, Leggett D, Cloud G, Madan A, Mahant N, O'Brien B, Worthington J, Parker G, Desmond PM, Parsons MW, Donnan GA, Davis SM. Tenecteplase versus alteplase before endovascular thrombectomy (EXTEND-IA TNK): A multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Int J Stroke 2017; 13:328-334. [PMID: 28952914 DOI: 10.1177/1747493017733935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and hypothesis Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase remains standard care prior to thrombectomy for eligible patients within 4.5 h of ischemic stroke onset. However, alteplase only succeeds in reperfusing large vessel arterial occlusion prior to thrombectomy in a minority of patients. We hypothesized that tenecteplase is non-inferior to alteplase in achieving reperfusion at initial angiogram, when administered within 4.5 h of ischemic stroke onset, in patients planned to undergo endovascular therapy. Study design EXTEND-IA TNK is an investigator-initiated, phase II, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint non-inferiority study. Eligibility requires a diagnosis of ischemic stroke within 4.5 h of stroke onset, pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale≤3 (no upper age limit), large vessel occlusion (internal carotid, basilar, or middle cerebral artery) on multimodal computed tomography and absence of contraindications to intravenous thrombolysis. Patients are randomized to either IV alteplase (0.9 mg/kg, max 90 mg) or tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg, max 25 mg) prior to thrombectomy. Study outcomes The primary outcome measure is reperfusion on the initial catheter angiogram, assessed as modified treatment in cerebral infarction 2 b/3 or the absence of retrievable thrombus. Secondary outcomes include modified Rankin Scale at day 90 and favorable clinical response (reduction in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale by ≥8 points or reaching 0-1) at day 3. Safety outcomes are death and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02388061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Cv Campbell
- 1 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Mitchell
- 2 Department of Radiology, the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- 3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- 1 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Timothy J Kleinig
- 4 1062 Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- 1 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Dowling
- 2 Department of Radiology, the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven J Bush
- 2 Department of Radiology, the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen M Dewey
- 5 Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Thijs
- 3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia.,6 96043 Austin Hospital , Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Simpson
- 6 96043 Austin Hospital , Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Brooks
- 3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia.,6 96043 Austin Hospital , Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamed Asadi
- 3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia.,6 96043 Austin Hospital , Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,7 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teddy Y Wu
- 1 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,8 Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Darshan G Shah
- 1 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,9 1966 Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tissa Wijeratne
- 10 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Medical School, The 37024 University of Melbourne and Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Ang
- 11 Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,12 Royal Prince 5390 Alfred Hospital , Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Miteff
- 11 Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- 11 Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Krause
- 13 Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy J Harrington
- 13 Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,14 Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth C Faulder
- 13 Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,14 Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan S Steinfort
- 13 Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,14 Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Bailey
- 15 60093 Gold Coast University Hospital , Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry Rice
- 15 60093 Gold Coast University Hospital , Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Scroop
- 4 1062 Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Andrew A Wong
- 16 Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Coulthard
- 16 Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P A Barber
- 17 Auckland Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben McGuinness
- 17 Auckland Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Field
- 18 3187 Lyell McEwin Hospital , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Henry Ma
- 3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia.,19 Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Winston Chong
- 19 Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronil V Chandra
- 19 Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher F Bladin
- 5 Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Brown
- 9 1966 Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kendal Redmond
- 9 1966 Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Leggett
- 9 1966 Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Cloud
- 20 5390 Alfred Hospital , Monash University, Prahran Victoria, Australia
| | - Anoop Madan
- 20 5390 Alfred Hospital , Monash University, Prahran Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil Mahant
- 13 Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bill O'Brien
- 21 90112 Gosford Hospital , Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Worthington
- 12 Royal Prince 5390 Alfred Hospital , Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Parker
- 12 Royal Prince 5390 Alfred Hospital , Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- 2 Department of Radiology, the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark W Parsons
- 11 Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- 3 56369 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- 1 Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the 90134 Royal Melbourne Hospital , 37024 University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Zhou J, Kochan J, Yin O, Warren V, Zamora C, Atiee G, Pav J, Orihashi Y, Vashi V, Dishy V. A first-in-human study of DS-1040, an inhibitor of the activated form of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, in healthy subjects. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:961-971. [PMID: 28211169 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials DS-1040 inhibits the activated form of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa). Infusion of DS-1040 was safe and well tolerated in healthy young and elderly subjects. DS-1040 substantially decreased TAFIa activity but had no impact on bleeding time. DS-1040 may provide an option of safer thrombolytic therapy. SUMMARY Background Current treatments for acute ischemic stroke and venous thromboembolism, such as recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and thrombectomy, are limited by a narrow time window and the risk of bleeding. DS-1040 is a novel low molecular weight compound that inhibits the activated form of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa), and was developed as a fibrinolysis enhancer for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Objectives This first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-part, phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DS-1040 in healthy subjects. Subjects/Methods Young (18-45 years) or elderly (65-75 years) subjects (N = 103) were randomized to receive single ascending doses of DS-1040 ranging from 0.1 mg to 40 mg, or placebo, administered either as a 0.5-h intravenous infusion or as a 24-h continuous infusion. Results All doses of DS-1040 were tolerated, and no serious adverse events (AEs) or discontinuations resulting from AEs occurred during the study. Bleeding time remained within the normal range for all doses tested in all subjects. Plasma exposure of DS-1040 increased proportionally with increase in dose. Elderly subjects had higher exposures to DS-1040 and prolonged elimination times, probably because of decreased renal clearance. DS-1040 caused a substantial dose-dependent and time-dependent decrease in TAFIa activity and in 50% clot lysis time. The levels of D-dimer, indicative of endogenous fibrinolysis, increased in some individuals following DS-1040 treatment. No effects of DS-1040 on coagulation parameters or platelet aggregation were observed. Conclusions The novel fibrinolysis-enhancing agent DS-1040 has favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties and a favorable safety profile, warranting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - J Kochan
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - O Yin
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - V Warren
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - C Zamora
- Worldwide Clinical Trials, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G Atiee
- Worldwide Clinical Trials, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J Pav
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Y Orihashi
- Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, UK
| | - V Vashi
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - V Dishy
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
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Abstract
In the past decade, the definition of stroke has been revised and major advances have been made for its treatment and prevention. For acute ischaemic stroke, the addition of endovascular thrombectomy of proximal large artery occlusion to intravenous alteplase increases functional independence for a further fifth of patients. The benefits of aspirin in preventing early recurrent ischaemic stroke are greater than previously recognised. Other strategies to prevent recurrent stroke now include direct oral anticoagulants as an alternative to warfarin for atrial fibrillation, and carotid stenting as an alternative to endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. For acute intracerebral haemorrhage, trials are ongoing to assess the effectiveness of acute blood pressure lowering, haemostatic therapy, minimally invasive surgery, anti-inflammation therapy, and neuroprotection methods. Pharmacological and stem-cell therapies promise to facilitate brain regeneration, rehabilitation, and functional recovery. Despite declining stroke mortality rates, the global burden of stroke is increasing. A more comprehensive approach to primary prevention of stroke is required that targets people at all levels of risk and is integrated with prevention strategies for other diseases that share common risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute (WANRI), Perth, WA, Australia.
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Söderholm S, Fu Y, Gaelings L, Belanov S, Yetukuri L, Berlinkov M, Cheltsov AV, Anders S, Aittokallio T, Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Kainov DE. Multi-Omics Studies towards Novel Modulators of Influenza A Virus-Host Interaction. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100269. [PMID: 27690086 PMCID: PMC5086605 DOI: 10.3390/v8100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics. These viruses evolve rapidly, making current treatment options ineffective. To identify novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, we re-analyzed our recent transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and genomics/virtual ligand screening data. We identified 713 potential modulators targeting 199 cellular and two viral proteins. Anti-influenza activity for 48 of them has been reported previously, whereas the antiviral efficacy of the 665 remains unknown. Studying anti-influenza efficacy and immuno/neuro-modulating properties of these compounds and their combinations as well as potential viral and host resistance to them may lead to the discovery of novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Sergey Belanov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Berlinkov
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620083, Russia.
| | - Anton V Cheltsov
- Q-Mol L.L.C. in Silico Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
| | | | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00015, Finland.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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