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Shen Y, Lee YH, Panneerselvam J, Zhang J, Loo LWM, Fei P. Mutated Fanconi anemia pathway in non-Fanconi anemia cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20396-403. [PMID: 26015400 PMCID: PMC4653013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An extremely high cancer incidence and the hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents associated with Fanconi Anemia (FA) have marked it to be a unique genetic model system to study human cancer etiology and treatment, which has emerged an intense area of investigation in cancer research. However, there is limited information about the relationship between the mutated FA pathway and the cancer development or/and treatment in patients without FA. Here we analyzed the mutation rates of the seventeen FA genes in 68 DNA sequence datasets. We found that the FA pathway is frequently mutated across a variety of human cancers, with a rate mostly in the range of 15 to 35 % in human lung, brain, bladder, ovarian, breast cancers, or others. Furthermore, we found a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the mutated FA pathway and the development of human bladder cancer that we only further analyzed. Together, our study demonstrates a previously unknown fact that the mutated FA pathway frequently occurs during the development of non-FA human cancers, holding profound implications directly in advancing our understanding of human tumorigenesis as well as tumor sensitivity/resistance to crosslinking drug-relevant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Shen
- Program of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yuan-Hao Lee
- Program of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jayabal Panneerselvam
- Program of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lenora W M Loo
- Program of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- Program of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Chen DH, Below JE, Shimamura A, Keel SB, Matsushita M, Wolff J, Sul Y, Bonkowski E, Castella M, Taniguchi T, Nickerson D, Papayannopoulou T, Bird TD, Raskind WH. Ataxia-Pancytopenia Syndrome Is Caused by Missense Mutations in SAMD9L. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:1146-1158. [PMID: 27259050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-pancytopenia (AP) syndrome is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, variable hematologic cytopenias, and predisposition to marrow failure and myeloid leukemia, sometimes associated with monosomy 7. Here, in the four-generation family UW-AP, linkage analysis revealed four regions that provided the maximal LOD scores possible, one of which was in a commonly microdeleted chromosome 7q region. Exome sequencing identified a missense mutation (c.2640C>A, p.His880Gln) in the sterile alpha motif domain containing 9-like gene (SAMD9L) that completely cosegregated with disease. By targeted sequencing of SAMD9L, we subsequently identified a different missense mutation (c.3587G>C, p.Cys1196Ser) in affected members of the first described family with AP syndrome, Li-AP. Neither variant is reported in the public databases, both affect highly conserved amino acid residues, and both are predicted to be damaging. With time in culture, lymphoblastic cell lines (LCLs) from two affected individuals in family UW-AP exhibited copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity for large portions of the long arm of chromosome 7, resulting in retention of only the wild-type SAMD9L allele. Newly established LCLs from both individuals demonstrated the same phenomenon. In addition, targeted capture and sequencing of SAMD9L in uncultured blood DNA from both individuals showed bias toward the wild-type allele. These observations indicate in vivo hematopoietic mosaicism. The hematopoietic cytopenias that characterize AP syndrome and the selective advantage for clones that have lost the mutant allele support the postulated role of SAMD9L in the regulation of cell proliferation. Furthermore, we show that AP syndrome is distinct from the dyskeratoses congenita telomeropathies, with which it shares some clinical characteristics.
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Hashimoto S, Anai H, Hanada K. Mechanisms of interstrand DNA crosslink repair and human disorders. Genes Environ 2016; 38:9. [PMID: 27350828 PMCID: PMC4918140 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are the link between Watson-Crick strands of DNAs with the covalent bond and prevent separation of DNA strands. Since the ICL lesion affects both strands of the DNA, the ICL repair is not simple. So far, nucleotide excision repair (NER), structure-specific endonucleases, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), homologous recombination (HR), and factors responsible for Fanconi anemia (FA) are identified to be involved in ICL repair. Since the presence of ICL lesions causes severe defects in transcription and DNA replication, mutations in these DNA repair pathways give rise to a various hereditary disorders. NER plays an important role for the ICL recognition and removal in quiescent cells, and defects of NER causes congential progeria syndrome, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. On the other hand, the ICL repair in S phase requires more complicated orchestration of multiple factors, including structure-specific endonucleases, and TLS, and HR. Disturbed this ICL repair orchestration in S phase causes genome instability resulting a cancer prone disease, Fanconi anemia. So far more than 30 factors in ICL repair have already identified. Recently, a new factor, UHRF1, was discovered as a sensor of ICLs. In addition to this, numbers of nucleases that are involved in the first incision, also called unhooking, of ICL lesions have also been identified. Here we summarize the recent studies of ICL associated disorders and repair mechanism, with emphasis in the first incision of ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Anai
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
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Biochemical and cell biological assays to identify and characterize DNA helicase inhibitors. Methods 2016; 108:130-41. [PMID: 27064001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of DNA helicases implicated in hereditary disorders and cancer indicates that this particular class of enzymes plays key roles in genomic stability and cellular homeostasis. Indeed, a large body of work has provided molecular and cellular evidence that helicases act upon a variety of nucleic acid substrates and interact with numerous proteins to enact their functions in replication, DNA repair, recombination, and transcription. Understanding how helicases operate in unique and overlapping pathways is a great challenge to researchers. In this review, we describe a series of experimental approaches and methodologies to identify and characterize DNA helicase inhibitors which collectively provide an alternative and useful strategy to explore their biological significance in cell-based systems. These procedures were used in the discovery of biologically active compounds that inhibited the DNA unwinding function catalyzed by the human WRN helicase-nuclease defective in the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome. We describe in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to characterize helicase inhibitors with WRN as the model, anticipating that these approaches may be extrapolated to other DNA helicases, particularly those implicated in DNA repair and/or the replication stress response.
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Goswami M, Bhushan U, Goswami M. Dental Perspective of Rare Disease of Fanconi Anemia: Case Report with Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2016; 9:25-30. [PMID: 27013901 PMCID: PMC4798261 DOI: 10.4137/ccrep.s37931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is an extremely rare genetic disease characterized by chromosomal instability that induces congenital alterations in individuals. It causes defective hemopoiesis ultimately leading to bone marrow failure. Patients are susceptible to recurrent infections and increased risk of hemorrhage, as well as delayed and poor wound healing. Herein, we report a case of Fanconi anemia in which various classical signs of the disease were present. The patient has been on regular follow-up since three and a half years for management of dental problems. The different aspects of this rare disorder are discussed with emphasis on oral manifestations and their influence on the general health of affected patients. Due to an increased susceptibility to developing cancers in this specific population, it is imperative for pediatric dentists to know about the common oral manifestations and potentially cancerous lesions, in order to make an early diagnosis and provide comprehensive care and maintenance of oral health in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Goswami
- HOD and Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS), New Delhi, India
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Yang SY, Hsiung CN, Li YJ, Chang GC, Tsai YH, Chen KY, Huang MS, Su WC, Chen YM, Hsiung CA, Yang PC, Chen CJ, Wu PE, Yu JC, Shen CY, Hsu HM. Fanconi anemia genes in lung adenocarcinoma- a pathway-wide study on cancer susceptibility. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:23. [PMID: 26842001 PMCID: PMC4739091 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinogens in cigarette smoke can induce the formation of DNA-DNA cross-links, which are repaired by the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, and it is tempting to speculate that this pathway is involved in lung tumorigenesis. This study is to determine whether genetic polymorphism of the FA genes is associated with an elevated risk of lung adenocarcinoma, and whether the association between genotypes and risk is modified by exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods This case–control study genotyped 53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FA genes in 709 patients (354 males and 355 females) with lung adenocarcinoma and in 726 cancer-free individuals (339 males and 387 females). Genotypic frequencies of SNPs were compared between cases and controls to identify important FA genes associated with cancer susceptibility. Joint effects in determining cancer risk contributed by genes and smoking-related risk factors and by multiple genes involved in different FA subpathways were evaluated by multivariate regression analysis and stratified analysis. All analyses were performed on males and females separately, and the comparison of results was considered a way of examining the validity of study findings. Results Lung adenocarcinomas in both male and female patients were associated with (a) genotypic polymorphisms of FANCC and FANCD1; (b) a combined effect of harboring a higher number of high-risk genotypes and smoking/passive smoking; (c) specific interactions of multiple genes, proteins encoded by which have been known to work jointly within the FA pathway. Conclusions Genetic polymorphism of the FA genes is associated with inter-individual susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0240-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Yao-Jen Li
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lincou, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwan Biobank, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwan Biobank, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Life Science Library, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Environmental Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Meeks HD, Song H, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Barrowdale D, Frost D, McGuffog L, Ellis S, Feng B, Buys SS, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Tesoriero A, James PA, Bruinsma F, Campbell IG, Broeks A, Schmidt MK, Hogervorst FBL, Beckman MW, Fasching PA, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Sawyer EJ, Riboli E, Banerjee S, Menon U, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Hamann U, Marme F, Rudolph A, Janavicius R, Tihomirova L, Tung N, Garber J, Cramer D, Terry KL, Poole EM, Tworoger SS, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Godwin AK, Guénel P, Truong T, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Damiola F, Mazoyer S, Sinilnikova OM, Isaacs C, Maugard C, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, Gerdes AM, Hansen TVO, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Hogdall C, Hogdall E, Pedersen IS, Thomassen M, Benitez J, González-Neira A, Osorio A, Hoya MDL, Segura PP, Diez O, Lazaro C, Brunet J, Anton-Culver H, Eunjung L, John EM, Neuhausen SL, Ding YC, Castillo D, Weitzel JN, Ganz PA, Nussbaum RL, Chan SB, Karlan BY, Lester J, Wu A, Gayther S, Ramus SJ, Sieh W, Whittermore AS, Monteiro ANA, Phelan CM, Terry MB, Piedmonte M, Offit K, Robson M, Levine D, Moysich KB, Cannioto R, Olson SH, Daly MB, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Lu KH, Liang D, Hildebrant MAT, Ness R, Modugno F, Pearce L, Goodman MT, Thompson PJ, Brenner H, Butterbach K, Meindl A, Hahnen E, Wappenschmidt B, Brauch H, Brüning T, Blomqvist C, Khan S, Nevanlinna H, Pelttari LM, Aittomäki K, Butzow R, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Rantala J, Kosma VM, Mannermaa A, Lambrechts D, Neven P, Claes KBM, Maerken TV, Chang-Claude J, Flesch-Janys D, Heitz F, Varon-Mateeva R, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Viel A, Barile M, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Montagna M, Oliani C, Peixoto A, Teixeira MR, Collavoli A, Hallberg E, Olson JE, Goode EL, Hart SN, Shimelis H, Cunningham JM, Giles GG, Milne RL, Healey S, Tucker K, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Goldberg MS, Tischkowitz M, Simard J, Soucy P, Eccles DM, Le N, Borresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V, Salvesen HB, Bjorge L, Bandera EV, Risch H, Zheng W, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Cai H, Pylkäs K, Tollenaar RAEM, Ouweland AMWVD, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Narod S, Devilee P, Winqvist R, Figueroa J, Greene MH, Mai PL, Loud JT, García-Closas M, Schoemaker MJ, Czene K, Darabi H, McNeish I, Siddiquil N, Glasspool R, Kwong A, Park SK, Teo SH, Yoon SY, Matsuo K, Hosono S, Woo YL, Gao YT, Foretova L, Singer CF, Rappaport-Feurhauser C, Friedman E, Laitman Y, Rennert G, Imyanitov EN, Hulick PJ, Olopade OI, Senter L, Olah E, Doherty JA, Schildkraut J, Koppert LB, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Cook LS, Pejovic T, Li J, Borg A, Öfverholm A, Rossing MA, Wentzensen N, Henriksson K, Cox A, Cross SS, Pasini BJ, Shah M, Kabisch M, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Agnarsson BA, Kupryjanczyk J, Moes-Sosnowska J, Fostira F, Konstantopoulou I, Slager S, Jones M, Antoniou AC, Berchuck A, Swerdlow A, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Hall P, Easton DF, Couch FJ, Spurdle AB, Goldgar DE. BRCA2 Polymorphic Stop Codon K3326X and the Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv315. [PMID: 26586665 PMCID: PMC4907358 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A>T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers. METHODS Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10(-) (6)) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10(-3)). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10(-5) and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10(-5), respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations.
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Uziel O, Yerushalmi R, Zuriano L, Naser S, Beery E, Nordenberg J, Lubin I, Adel Y, Shepshelovich D, Yavin H, Aharon IB, Pery S, Rizel S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Frumkin D, Lahav M. BRCA1/2 mutations perturb telomere biology: characterization of structural and functional abnormalities in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2433-54. [PMID: 26515461 PMCID: PMC4823046 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 mutation is associated with carcinogenesis, especially of breast tissue. Telomere maintenance is crucial for malignant transformation. Being a part of the DNA repair machinery, BRCA1 may be implicated in telomere biology. We explored the role of BRCA1 in telomere maintenance in lymphocytes of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and in in vitro system by knocking down its expression in non-malignant breast epithelial cells.The results in both systems were similar. BRCA1/2 mutation caused perturbation of telomere homeostasis, shortening of the single stranded telomere overhang and increased the intercellular telomere length variability as well as the number of telomere free chromosomal ends and telomeric circles. These changes resulted in an increased DNA damage status. Telomerase activity, inducibility and expression remained unchanged. BRCA1 mutation resulted also in changes in the binding of shelterin proteins to telomeres. DNMT-1 levels were markedly reduced both in the carriers and in in vitro system. The methylation pattern of the sub-telomeric regions in carriers suggested hypomethylation in chromosome 10. The expression of a distinct set of genes was also changed, some of which may relate to pre-disposition to malignancy.These results show that BRCA gene products have a role in telomere length homeostasis. It is plausible that these perturbations contribute to malignant transformation in BRCA mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Zuriano
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaden Naser
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Beery
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jardena Nordenberg
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Lubin
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Adel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Daniel Shepshelovich
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hagai Yavin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Internal Medicine A, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Irit Ben Aharon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Pery
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shulamit Rizel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Meir Lahav
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Liu C, Ding H, Li X, Pallasch CP, Hong L, Guo D, Chen Y, Wang D, Wang W, Wang Y, Hemann MT, Jiang H. A DNA/HDAC dual-targeting drug CY190602 with significantly enhanced anticancer potency. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:438-49. [PMID: 25759362 PMCID: PMC4403045 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic drugs constitute a major treatment modality for human cancers; however, cancer cells' intrinsic DNA repair capability often increases the threshold of lethality and renders these drugs ineffective. The emerging roles of HDACs in DNA repair provide new opportunities for improving traditional genotoxic drugs. Here, we report the development and characterization of CY190602, a novel bendamustine-derived drug with significantly enhanced anticancer potency. We show that CY190602's enhanced potency can be attributed to its newly gained ability to inhibit HDACs. Using this novel DNA/HDAC dual-targeting drug as a tool, we further explored HDAC's role in DNA repair. We found that HDAC activities are essential for the expression of several genes involved in DNA synthesis and repair, including TYMS, Tip60, CBP, EP300, and MSL1. Importantly, CY190602, the first-in-class example of such DNA/HDAC dual-targeting drugs, exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide rationales for incorporating HDAC inhibitory moieties into genotoxic drugs, so as to overcome the repair capacity of cancer cells. Systematic development of similar DNA/HDAC dual-targeting drugs may represent a novel opportunity for improving cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Liya Hong
- Hangzhou Minsheng Pharma Research Institute Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianwu Guo
- Hangzhou Minsheng Pharma Research Institute Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Crystal Biopharmaceutical LLC, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael T Hemann
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Beirne JP, Irwin GW, McIntosh SA, Harley IJG, Harkin DP. The molecular and genetic basis of inherited cancer risk in gynaecology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/tog.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Beirne
- Northern Ireland Gynaecological Cancer Centre; Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast, Northern Ireland and Gynaecological Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Gareth W Irwin
- Northern Ireland Regional Breast Unit, Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast; Northern Ireland and Breast Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Stuart A McIntosh
- Northern Ireland Regional Breast Unit, Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast; Northern Ireland and Breast Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Ian JG Harley
- Northern Ireland Gynaecological Cancer Centre; Belfast City Hospital; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Belfast, Northern Ireland and Gynaecological Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - D Paul Harkin
- Breast Cancer Research Focus Group; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queens University; Belfast Northern Ireland
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Dai CH, Li J, Chen P, Jiang HG, Wu M, Chen YC. RNA interferences targeting the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway upstream genes reverse cisplatin resistance in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:77. [PMID: 26385482 PMCID: PMC4575453 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy agent for lung cancer. The therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin is limited by the development of resistance. In this study, we test the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway upstream genes on the sensitivity of cisplatin-sensitive (A549 and SK-MES-1) and -resistant (A549/DDP) lung cancer cells to cisplatin. RESULT Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), knockdown of FANCF, FANCL, or FANCD2 inhibited function of the FA/BRCA pathway in A549, A549/DDP and SK-MES-1 cells, and potentiated sensitivity of the three cells to cisplatin. The extent of proliferation inhibition induced by cisplatin after knockdown of FANCF and/or FANCL in A549/DDP cells was significantly greater than in A549 and SK-MES-1 cells, suggesting that depletion of FANCF and/or FANCL can reverse resistance of cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, knockdown of FANCL resulted in higher cisplatin sensitivity and dramatically elevated apoptosis rates compared with knockdown of FANCF in A549/DDP cells, indicating that FANCL play an important role in the repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION Knockdown of FANCF, FANCL, or FANCD2 by RNAi could synergize the effect of cisplatin on suppressing cell proliferation in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells through inhibition of FA/BRCA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, 212001, China.
| | - He-Guo Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Ming Wu
- Institute of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Yong-Chang Chen
- Institute of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, 212013, China.
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Zhang P, Sridharan D, Lambert MW. Nuclear α Spectrin Differentially Affects Monoubiquitinated Versus Non-Ubiquitinated FANCD2 Function After DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Damage. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:671-83. [PMID: 26297932 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonerythroid α spectrin (αIISp) and the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein, FANCD2, play critical roles in DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair during S phase. Both are needed for recruitment of repair proteins, such as XPF, to sites of damage and repair of ICLs. However, the relationship between them in ICL repair and whether αIISp is involved in FANCD2's function in repair is unclear. The present studies show that, after ICL formation, FANCD2 disassociates from αIISp and localizes, before αIISp, at sites of damage in nuclear foci. αIISp and FANCD2 foci do not co-localize, in contrast to our previous finding that αIISp and the ICL repair protein, XPF, co-localize and follow a similar time course for formation. Knock-down of αIISp has no effect on monoubiquitination of FANCD2 (FANCD2-Ub) or its localization to chromatin or foci, though it leads to decreased ICL repair. Studies using cells from FA patients, defective in ICL repair and αIISp, have elucidated an important role for αIISp in the function of non-Ub FANCD2. In FA complementation group A (FA-A) cells, in which FANCD2 is not monoubiquitinated and does not form damage-induced foci, we demonstrate that restoration of αIISp levels to normal, by knocking down the protease μ-calpain, leads to formation of non-Ub FANCD2 foci after ICL damage. Since restoration of αIISp levels in FA-A cells restores DNA repair and cell survival, we propose that αIISp is critical for recruitment of non-Ub FANCD2 to sites of damage, which has an important role in the repair response and ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
| | - Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA
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Shen Y, Zhang J, Yu H, Fei P. Advances in the understanding of Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein (FANCD2) in human cancer. CANCER CELL & MICROENVIRONMENT 2015; 2:e986. [PMID: 26640811 PMCID: PMC4667986 DOI: 10.14800/ccm.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare human genetic disease, resulting from dysfunction in any of 17 known complementation proteins: FANC-A, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G, I, J, L, M, N, O, P, Q & S, and other unknowns. Besides the severe bone marrow failure, an extremely high incidence of cancer as well as many other clinic symptoms associated with FA patients, FA cells are known of insufficiency in homologous recombination, DNA mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, translesion DNA synthesis, and other molecular defects, leading to genome instability. Those similar molecular and cellular/tissue features show that all FA proteins function in one common signaling pathway, namely, the FA pathway. The monoubiquitination of FANCD2 is the central step of the FA pathway activation upon DNA damage or during DNA replication. The molecular functions of FANCD2 emerge as a very attractive filed of investigation in cancer research. Herein, we review the recent progresses in FANCD2 functions at these rapidly progressed aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Shen
- Divisions of Cancer Biology University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Divisions of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- Divisions of Cancer Biology University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure and heightened cancer susceptibility in early adulthood. FA is caused by biallelic germ-line mutation of any one of 16 genes. While several functions for the FA proteins have been ascribed, the prevailing hypothesis is that the FA proteins function cooperatively in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair damaged DNA. A pivotal step in the activation of the FA-BRCA pathway is the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins. Despite their importance for DNA repair, the domain structure, regulation, and function of FANCD2 and FANCI remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of FANCD2 and FANCI, with an emphasis on their posttranslational modification and common and unique functions.
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Key Words
- AML , acute myeloid leukemia
- APC/C, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome
- APH, aphidicolin
- ARM, armadillo repeat domain
- AT, ataxia-telangiectasia
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- ATR, ATM and Rad3-related
- BAC, bacterial-artificial-chromosome
- BS, Bloom syndrome
- CUE, coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to endoplasmic reticulum degradation
- ChIP-seq, CHIP sequencing
- CtBP, C-terminal binding protein
- CtIP, CtBP-interacting protein
- DNA interstrand crosslink repair
- DNA repair
- EPS15, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15
- FA, Fanconi anemia
- FAN1, FANCD2-associated nuclease1
- FANCD2
- FANCI
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- Fanconi anemia
- HECT, homologous to E6-AP Carboxy Terminus
- HJ, Holliday junction
- HR, homologous recombination
- MCM2-MCM7, minichromosome maintenance 2–7
- MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- MMC, mitomycin C
- MRN, MRE11/RAD50/NBS1
- NLS, nuclear localization signal
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PIKK, phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-like family of protein kinases
- PIP-box, PCNA-interacting protein motif
- POL κ, DNA polymerase κ
- RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- RING, really interesting new gene
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SCF, Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein complex
- SCKL1, seckel syndrome
- SILAC, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture
- SLD1/SLD2, SUMO-like domains
- SLIM, SUMO-like domain interacting motif
- TIP60, 60 kDa Tat-interactive protein
- TLS, Translesion DNA synthesis
- UAF1, USP1-associated factor 1
- UBD, ubiquitin-binding domain
- UBZ, ubiquitin-binding zinc finger
- UFB, ultra-fine DNA bridges
- UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif
- ULD, ubiquitin-like domain
- USP1, ubiquitin-specific protease 1
- VRR-nuc, virus-type replication repair nuclease
- iPOND, isolation of proteins on nascent DNA
- ubiquitin
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Boisvert
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology ; University of Rhode Island ; Kingston , RI USA
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Chai KM, Wang CY, Liaw HJ, Fang KM, Yang CS, Tzeng SF. Downregulation of BRCA1-BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10901-15. [PMID: 25337721 PMCID: PMC4279418 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that BRCA1-BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) was highly expressed in tumorigenic rat glioma cells. However, the functional role of BRCC3 in human glioma cells remains to be characterized. This study indicated that the upregulation of BRCC3 expression was induced in two human malignant glioblastoma U251 and A172 cell lines following exposure to the alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). Homologous recombination (HR)-dependent DNA repair-associated genes (i.e. BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51 and FANCD2) were also increased in U251 and A172 cells after treatment with TMZ. BRCC3 gene knockdown through lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown approach not only significantly reduced the clonogenic and migratory abilities of U251 and A172 cells, but also enhanced their sensitization to TMZ. The increase in phosphorylated H2AX foci (γH2AX) formation, an indicator of DNA damage, persisted in TMZ-treated glioma cells with stable knockdown BRCC3 expression, suggesting that BRCC3 gene deficiency is associated with DNA repair impairment. In summary, we demonstrate that by inducing DNA repair, BRCC3 renders glioma cells resistant to TMZ. The findings point to BRCC3 as a potential target for treatment of alkylating drug-resistant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Chai
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Min Fang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shi Yang
- Center for Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
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Analysis of a FANCE Splice Isoform in Regard to DNA Repair. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3056-73. [PMID: 26277624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The FANC-BRCA DNA repair pathway is activated in response to interstrand crosslinks formed in DNA. A homozygous mutation in 1 of the 17 Fanconi anemia (FA) genes results in malfunctions of this pathway and development of FA syndrome. The integrity of this protein network is essential for good maintenance of DNA repair process and genome stability. Following the identification of an alternatively splice isoform of FANCE (Fanconi anemia complementation group E) significantly expressed in breast cancer individuals from high-risk non-BRCA1/2 families, we studied the impact of this FANCE splice isoform (FANCEΔ4) on DNA repair processes. We have demonstrated that FANCEΔ4 mRNA was efficiently translated into a functional protein and expressed in normal and breast cancer cell lines. Following treatment with the crosslinking agent mitomycin C, EUFA130 (FANCE-deficient) cells infected with FANCEΔ4 were blocked into G2/M phase, while cell survival was significantly reduced compared with FANCE-infected EUFA130 cells. In addition, FANCEΔ4 did not allow FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination, which represents a crucial step of the FANC-BRCA functional pathway. As observed for FANCE wild-type protein, localization of FANCEΔ4 protein was confined to the nucleus following mitomycin C treatment. Although FANCEΔ4 protein showed interaction with FANCE, FANCEΔ4 did not support normal function of FANCE protein in this pathway and could have deleterious effects on FANCE protein activity. We have demonstrated that FANCEΔ4 seems to act as a regulator of FANCD2 protein expression level by promoting its degradation. This study highlights the importance of an efficient regulation of alternative splicing expression of FA genes for proper DNA repair.
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by congenital abnormalities and chromosomal breakages with the occurrence of hematological and solid malignancies. FA is the most common type of inherited bone marrow failure and poses tremendous challenges. FA patients are uniquely hypersensitive to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) conditioning agents due to the underling chromosomal instability. HSCT has shown important progress in the last years, especially after the introduction of fludarabine and the reduction of cyclophosphamide in the preparative regimen. For patients with HLA-identical-related donors HSCT should be performed as first-line therapy, for patients with alternative donors HSCT remains a therapy with increased morbidity and mortality.
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Xiong T, Chen X, Wei H, Xiao H. Influence of PJ34 on the genotoxicity induced by melphalan in human multiple myeloma cells. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:301-6. [PMID: 25995744 PMCID: PMC4424240 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.43164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential biological activity of N-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-(N,N-dimethylamino)acetamide hydrochloride (PJ34) on the genotoxicity induced by melphalan in human multiple myeloma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of the drugs on the growth of RPMI8226 cells were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The expression of Fanconi anemia/breast cancer (FA/BRCA) pathway related genes was determined by western blot analysis. Cell cycle phase and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Coadministration of PJ34 and melphalan had additional effects on cell cycle distribution and enhanced apoptosis of RPMI8226 cells. PJ34 plus melphalan inhibited cell-cycle progression, as evidenced by the increased proportion of cells in the G2/M phase with the decreasing proportion of cells in the G0/1 and S phases. RESULTS However, no significant synergistic effect of PJ34 and melphalan on cell proliferation was observed. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of the FA/BRCA pathway by downregulation of Fanconi D2 (FANCD2) protein expression. The results showed that treatment with 60 µmol/l of PJ34 previously to melphalan administration increased cell apoptosis. Pretreatment also caused cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that enhancement of melphalan efficacy may be best achieved by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor PJ34. The effects of PJ34 are associated with inhibition of the FA/BRCA pathway, increased apoptosis percentage, and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Administration of PJ34 has been shown to protect DNA from damage induced by melphalan. This corroborates the biological activities of PJ34 and points to the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Duan W, Gao L, Aguila B, Kalvala A, Otterson GA, Villalona-Calero MA. Fanconi anemia repair pathway dysfunction, a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:368. [PMID: 25566506 PMCID: PMC4271581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is a major mechanism of homologous recombination DNA repair. The functional readout of the pathway is activation through mono-ubiquitination of FANCD2 leading to nuclear foci of repair. We have recently developed an FA triple-staining immunofluorescence based method (FATSI) to evaluate FANCD2 foci formation in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. DNA-repair deficiencies have been considered of interest in lung cancer prevention, given the persistence of damage produced by cigarette smoke in this setting, as well as in treatment, given potential increased efficacy of DNA-damaging drugs. We screened 139 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) FFPE tumors for FANCD2 foci formation by FATSI analysis. Among 104 evaluable tumors, 23 (22%) were FANCD2 foci negative, thus repair deficient. To evaluate and compare novel-targeted agents in the background of FA deficiency, we utilized RNAi technology to render several lung cancer cell lines FANCD2 deficient. Successful FANCD2 knockdown was confirmed by reduction in the FANCD2 protein. Subsequently, we treated the FA defective H1299D2-down and A549D2-down NSCLC cells and their FA competent counterparts (empty vector controls) with the PARP inhibitors veliparib (ABT-888) (5 μM) and BMN673 (0.5 μM), as well as the CHK1 inhibitor Arry-575 at a dose of 0.5 μM. We also treated the FA defective small cell lung cancer cell lines H719D2-down and H792D2-down and their controls with the BCL-2/XL inhibitor ABT-263 at a dose of 2 μM. The treated cells were harvested at 24, 48, and 72 h post treatment. MTT cell viability analysis showed that each agent was more cytotoxic to the FANCD2 knock-down cells. In all tests, the FA defective lung cancer cells had less viable cells as comparing to controls 72 h post treatment. Both MTT and clonogenic analyses comparing the two PARP inhibitors, showed that BMN673 was more potent compared to veliparib. Given that FA pathway plays essential roles in response to DNA damage, our results suggest that a subset of lung cancer patients are likely to be more susceptible to DNA cross-link based therapy, or to treatments in which additional repair mechanisms are targeted. These subjects can be identified through FATSI analysis. Clinical trials to evaluate this therapeutic concept are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Duan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA ; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Li Gao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Brittany Aguila
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Arjun Kalvala
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Gregory A Otterson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA ; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Miguel A Villalona-Calero
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA ; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA ; Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, OH , USA
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Understanding disease mechanisms with models of signaling pathway activities. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:121. [PMID: 25344409 PMCID: PMC4213475 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-014-0121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the aspects of the cell functionality that account for disease or drug action mechanisms is one of the main challenges in the analysis of genomic data and is on the basis of the future implementation of precision medicine. RESULTS Here we propose a simple probabilistic model in which signaling pathways are separated into elementary sub-pathways or signal transmission circuits (which ultimately trigger cell functions) and then transforms gene expression measurements into probabilities of activation of such signal transmission circuits. Using this model, differential activation of such circuits between biological conditions can be estimated. Thus, circuit activation statuses can be interpreted as biomarkers that discriminate among the compared conditions. This type of mechanism-based biomarkers accounts for cell functional activities and can easily be associated to disease or drug action mechanisms. The accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated with simulations and real datasets. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model provides detailed information that enables the interpretation disease mechanisms as a consequence of the complex combinations of altered gene expression values. Moreover, it offers a framework for suggesting possible ways of therapeutic intervention in a pathologically perturbed system.
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Xiong T, Wei H, Chen X, Xiao H. PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, reverses melphalan-resistance and inhibits repair of DNA double-strand breaks by targeting the FA/BRCA pathway in multidrug resistant multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226/R. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:223-32. [PMID: 25351371 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still no ideal treatment for multidrug resistant multiple myeloma, looking for drugs which can reverse chemotherapy resistance and enhance curative effects of chemotherapy drugs becomes a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors appear to be an important tool for medical therapy of several malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the potential of the PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34, in vitro, to further enhance the efficacy of the traditional chemotherapy drug melphalan in the multidrug-resistant multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226/R. The effects of different concentrations of PJ34 and melphalan on cell proliferation were determined by the CCK-8 assay. The expressions of FA/BRCA pathway-related factors were detected by western blotting and RT-PCR. The percentage of cell apoptosis was measured with flow cytometry. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair was quantified by γH2AX immunofluorescence. In addition, DNA damage repair at the level of the individual cell was determined by comet assay. Co-administration of PJ34 and melphalan had synergistic inhibitory effects on the proliferation of RPMI8226/R cells, suggesting more powerful antitumor activities. The apoptosis percentage also was increased more obviously by the treatment of melphalan plus PJ34. The activation of FA/BRCA pathway was inhibited by downregulation of related factors including FANCD2, BRCA2 and Rad51. PJ34 significantly increased the ratio of γH2AX-positive cells and the number of foci/cells. The comet tail rate of cells, tail length, tail moment and Olive tail moment all increased after PJ34 treatment in RPMI8226/R cells. These results indicate that PJ34 combined treatment with melphalan produces synergistic effects and reverses multidrug resistance of RPMI8226/R cells effectively. PJ34 cannot induce DNA damage directly, but it may increase the DNA damage induced by melphalan through inhibiting DNA damage repair. The suppression of FA/BRCA pathway may be the mechanism. Therefore, we suggest that PARP inhibitors may deserve future investigations as tools for medical treatment of multidrug resistant multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive chromosomal instability syndrome. It is a hereditary disorder with defects in DNA repair characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors. Bi-allelic gene mutations in FA cause not only the FA phenotype but also genome instability and additional mutations in their somatic cells resulting in a high predisposition to many different types of cancers. Mono-allelic mutation in FA genes increases the susceptibility to several types of cancers in a sporadic manner in non-FA patients. The strong link between cancer from bi-allelic and mono-allelic FA gene mutations has been well established. Studies have demonstrated a link between FA and cancer due to gene defects which cause the disruption of the FA pathways in a proportion of familial and sporadic cancers. The convincing evidence is that one of the FA genes, FANCD1 is identical to the well-known breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2. Another three FA genes were found to be associated with genes mutated from breast cancer and other types of cancers such as prostate cancer as well. Studies on FA's biological function in genome instability maintenance, DNA damage/repair and its complex regulation pathways have become the main focus within the genetic cancer research field because of many unique features of FA. The lessons learnt from FA studies provided invaluable information towards the understanding of cancer pathogenesis to be translated into targeting cancer therapies. Studies also demonstrated that FA is a paradigm of cancer-prone inherited monogenic disease, offering insights into the pathogenesis of many types of human diseases, particularly in bone marrow failure, cancer and aging. In this review, brief FA clinical characteristics, identification of FA genes and their protein pathways, the pathogenic linking between cancers from bi-allelic and mono-allelic mutated FA genes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer, Qiqihaer 161005, China ; 2 Department of Neonatology, Qiqihaer Hospital of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer 161000, China ; 3 Western Sydney Genomic Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer, Qiqihaer 161005, China ; 2 Department of Neonatology, Qiqihaer Hospital of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer 161000, China ; 3 Western Sydney Genomic Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhanhe Wu
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer, Qiqihaer 161005, China ; 2 Department of Neonatology, Qiqihaer Hospital of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer 161000, China ; 3 Western Sydney Genomic Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
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73
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Wu J, Mu Q, Thiviyanathan V, Annapragada A, Vigneswaran N. Cancer stem cells are enriched in Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2365-72. [PMID: 25340704 PMCID: PMC4215586 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have an increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at a higher rate with no apparent risk factors. HNSCC of FA patients is an aggressive tumor characterized by multifocal origin, early metastases and frequent recurrences. Given that cancer stem cells (CSC) drive tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis, in this study, we characterized the CSC population in FA and sporadic HNSCC. The Aldefluor assay was used to characterize and isolate CSC with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (ALDHpos) in cell lines derived from FA and sporadic HNSCC. Isolated ALDHpos and ALDHneg cells were examined for the expression of stemness genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array. Tumor cell-derived FA and sporadic HNSCC were examined for their ability to form tumorspheres in vitro. Stem-like cell population in FA and sporadic HNSCC in human and mouse xenograft tumors were evaluated using ALDH isoform 1 (ALDH1) immunohistochemistry. FA‑HNSCC cell lines harbor a greater proportion of ALDHpos cells (15-31%) compared to sporadic HNSCC (10%). Expression of Nanog, Oct-3/4 and Stella, molecular markers of undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells were detected in the ALDHpos FA‑HNSCC cells and not in the ALDHneg cells. FA‑HNSCC cell lines revealed enhanced in vitro tumorsphere formation compared to sporadic HNSCC cells. A higher percentage of ALDH1pos tumor cells are noted in the human and mouse xenograft tumors of FA‑HNSCC compared to sporadic HNSCC tumors. FA‑HNSCC are highly enriched for CSC and may serve as a model to develop CSC-targeted therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Qingshan Mu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ananth Annapragada
- The Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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74
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Genetic Counseling for Fanconi Anemia: Crosslinking Disciplines. J Genet Couns 2014; 23:910-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10897-014-9754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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75
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Panneerselvam J, Pickering A, Zhang J, Wang H, Tian H, Zheng J, Fei P. A hidden role of the inactivated FANCD2: upregulating ΔNp63. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1416-26. [PMID: 23965832 PMCID: PMC3824532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A compromised Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling pathway, often resulting from an inactivated FANCD2, was recently recognized to contribute to the development of non-FA human tumors. However, it is largely unknown as to how an impaired FA pathway or an inactivated FANCD2 promotes tumorigenesis. Here we unexpectedly found that ΔNp63 mRNA was expressed at high levels in human cancer cells carrying an impaired FA pathway compared to the corresponding control cells carrying an intact FA pathway. This observation was recapitulated upon conditionally managing the status of FANCD2 monoubiquitination /activation in 293T cells. Importantly, ΔNp63 elevation upon FANCD2 inactivation was confirmed in human fibroblasts derived from FA patients. Moreover, we have identified a 189 bp DNA fragment downstream of the ΔNp63 promoter (P2) that can mediate the upregulation of ΔNp63 by an inactivated FANCD2, and determined that elevated ΔNp63 is high enough to promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. In vivo, the elevation of FAVL, a tumor promotion factor that inhibits FANCD2 activation, was found to be positively associated with ΔNp63 expression in human cancer tissues. Collectively, these results document a novel role of an inactivated FANCD2 in upregulating ΔNp63, advancing our understanding of how an impaired FA pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of human cancer.
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76
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Sokratous K, Hadjisavvas A, Diamandis EP, Kyriacou K. The role of ubiquitin-binding domains in human pathophysiology. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:280-90. [PMID: 24901807 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.915287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a fundamental post-translational modification (PTM) resulting in the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to a target protein, is currently implicated in several key cellular processes. Although ubiquitination was initially associated with protein degradation, it is becoming increasingly evident that proteins labeled with polyUb chains of specific topology and length are activated in an ever-expanding repertoire of specific cellular processes. In addition to their involvement in the classical protein degradation pathways they are involved in DNA repair, kinase regulation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. The sorting and processing of distinct Ub signals is mediated by small protein motifs, known as Ub-binding domains (UBDs), which are found in proteins that execute disparate biological functions. The involvement of UBDs in several biological pathways has been revealed by several studies which have highlighted the vital role of UBDs in cellular homeostasis. Importantly, functional impairment of UBDs in key regulatory pathways has been related to the development of pathophysiological conditions, including immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we present an up-to-date account of the crucial role of UBDs and their functions, with a special emphasis on their functional impairment in key biological pathways and the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The still under-investigated topic of Ub-UBD interactions as a target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against many diseases is also discussed.
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77
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Hosoya N, Miyagawa K. Targeting DNA damage response in cancer therapy. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:370-88. [PMID: 24484288 PMCID: PMC4317796 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy are designed to kill cancer cells mostly by inducing DNA damage. DNA damage is normally recognized and repaired by the intrinsic DNA damage response machinery. If the damaged lesions are successfully repaired, the cells will survive. In order to specifically and effectively kill cancer cells by therapies that induce DNA damage, it is important to take advantage of specific abnormalities in the DNA damage response machinery that are present in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Such properties of cancer cells can provide biomarkers or targets for sensitization. For example, defects or upregulation of the specific pathways that recognize or repair specific types of DNA damage can serve as biomarkers of favorable or poor response to therapies that induce such types of DNA damage. Inhibition of a DNA damage response pathway may enhance the therapeutic effects in combination with the DNA-damaging agents. Moreover, it may also be useful as a monotherapy when it achieves synthetic lethality, in which inhibition of a complementary DNA damage response pathway selectively kills cancer cells that have a defect in a particular DNA repair pathway. The most striking application of this strategy is the treatment of cancers deficient in homologous recombination by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. In this review, we describe the impact of targeting the cancer-specific aberrations in the DNA damage response by explaining how these treatment strategies are currently being evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hosoya
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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78
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Ahmed M, Lalloo F, Evans DG. Update on genetic predisposition to breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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79
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Paiva RMA, Calado RT. Telomere dysfunction and hematologic disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 125:133-57. [PMID: 24993701 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397898-1.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia is a disease in which the hematopoietic stem cell fails to adequately produce peripheral blood cells, causing pancytopenia. In some cases of acquired aplastic anemia and in inherited type of aplastic anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, telomere biology gene mutations and telomere shortening are etiologic. Telomere erosion hampers the ability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to adequately replicate, clinically resulting in bone marrow failure. Additionally, telomerase mutations and short telomeres are genetic risk factors for the development of some hematologic cancers, including myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M A Paiva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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80
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DNA repair inhibition in anti-cancer therapeutics. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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81
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Shyamsunder P, Ganesh KS, Vidyasekar P, Mohan S, Verma RS. Identification of novel target genes involved in Indian Fanconi anemia patients using microarray. Gene 2013; 531:444-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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82
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Putting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and other DNA repair inhibitors into clinical practice. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:609-14. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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83
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome breakage hypersensitivity to alkylating agents is the gold standard test for Fanconi anemia (FA) diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the proportion of FA cases among aplastic anemia (AA) in Tunisian pediatric patients. OBSERVATION Investigation of mitomycin C-induced chromosomal breakage was carried out in 163 pediatric patients with AA and siblings of the cases where diagnosis of FA was confirmed. We identified 31 patients with FA whose percentage of unstable mitoses ranges from 65% to 100%. Among 18 siblings who were investigated for chromosomal instability, 3 were incidentally found to be affected. CONCLUSIONS FA is an important cause of AA in Tunisia. Our report is the first study in North Africa that explored cytogenetic and phenotypic findings in FA children. It also showed the importance of mitomycin C sensitivity screening in all FA siblings.
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84
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Aggarwal M, Banerjee T, Sommers JA, Brosh RM. Targeting an Achilles' heel of cancer with a WRN helicase inhibitor. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3329-35. [PMID: 24036544 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recently published work suggests that DNA helicases such as the Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) represent a novel class of proteins to target for anticancer therapy. Specifically, pharmacological inhibition of WRN helicase activity in human cells defective in the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway of interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair are sensitized to the DNA cross-linking agent and chemotherapy drug mitomycin C (MMC) by the WRN helicase inhibitor NSC 617145. (1) The mechanistic basis for the synergistic interaction between NSC 617145 and MMC is discussed in this paper and extrapolated to potential implications for genetic or chemically induced synthetic lethality provoked by cellular exposure to the WRN helicase inhibitor under the context of relevant DNA repair deficiencies associated with cancers or induced by small-molecule inhibitors. Experimental data are presented showing that small-molecule inhibition of WRN helicase elevates sensitivity to MMC-induced stress in human cells that are deficient in both FANCD2 and DNA protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). These findings suggest a model in which drug-mediated inhibition of WRN helicase activity exacerbates the deleterious effects of MMC-induced DNA damage when both the FA and NHEJ pathways are defective. We conclude with a perspective for the FA pathway and synthetic lethality and implications for DNA repair helicase inhibitors that can be developed for anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; NIH Biomedical Research Center; Baltimore, MD USA
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85
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Pickering A, Zhang J, Panneerselvam J, Fei P. Advances in the understanding of the Fanconi anemia tumor suppressor pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:1089-91. [PMID: 24025411 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremely high cancer incidence in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients has long suggested that the FA signaling pathway is a tumor suppressor pathway. Indeed, our recent findings, for the first time, indicate that the FA pathway plays a significant role in suppressing the development of non-FA human cancer. Also our studies on FA group D2 protein (FANCD2) have, among the first, documented the crosstalks between the FA and Rad6/Rad18 (HHR6) pathways upon DNA damage. In this review, we will discuss how our studies enhance the understanding of the FA tumor suppressor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pickering
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; University of Hawaii; Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Peiwen Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; University of Hawaii; Honolulu, HI USA
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86
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Snoek BC, Wilt LHAMD, Jansen G, Peters GJ. Role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2013; 4:58-69. [PMID: 23936758 PMCID: PMC3708064 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v4.i3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins that catalyze the ubiquitination of many protein substrates for targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome. Therefore, E3 ubiquitin ligases play an essential role in a variety of biological processes including cell cycle regulation, proliferation and apoptosis. E3 ubiquitin ligases are often found overexpressed in human cancers, including lung cancer, and their deregulation has been shown to contribute to cancer development. However, the lack of specific inhibitors in clinical trials is a major issue in targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases with currently only one E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor being tested in the clinical setting. In this review, we focus on E3 ubiquitin ligases that have been found deregulated in lung cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the processes in which they are involved and evaluate them as potential anti-cancer targets. By better understanding the mechanisms by which E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate biological processes and their exact role in carcinogenesis, we can improve the development of specific E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitors and pave the way for novel treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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87
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Titus S, Li F, Stobezki R, Akula K, Unsal E, Jeong K, Dickler M, Robson M, Moy F, Goswami S, Oktay K. Impairment of BRCA1-related DNA double-strand break repair leads to ovarian aging in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:172ra21. [PMID: 23408054 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism behind age-induced wastage of the human ovarian follicle reserve is unknown. We identify impaired ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated)-mediated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair as a cause of aging in mouse and human oocytes. We show that DSBs accumulate in primordial follicles with age. In parallel, expression of key DNA DSB repair genes BRCA1, MRE11, Rad51, and ATM, but not BRCA2, declines in single mouse and human oocytes. In Brca1-deficient mice, reproductive capacity was impaired, primordial follicle counts were lower, and DSBs were increased in remaining follicles with age relative to wild-type mice. Furthermore, oocyte-specific knockdown of Brca1, MRE11, Rad51, and ATM expression increased DSBs and reduced survival, whereas Brca1 overexpression enhanced both parameters. Likewise, ovarian reserve was impaired in young women with germline BRCA1 mutations compared to controls as determined by serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone. These data implicate DNA DSB repair efficiency as an important determinant of oocyte aging in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Titus
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Fertility Preservation, and Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Rye, NY 10580, USA
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88
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Aggarwal M, Banerjee T, Sommers JA, Iannascoli C, Pichierri P, Shoemaker RH, Brosh RM. Werner syndrome helicase has a critical role in DNA damage responses in the absence of a functional fanconi anemia pathway. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5497-507. [PMID: 23867477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is genetically linked to mutations in WRN that encodes a DNA helicase-nuclease believed to operate at stalled replication forks. Using a newly identified small-molecule inhibitor of WRN helicase (NSC 617145), we investigated the role of WRN in the interstrand cross-link (ICL) response in cells derived from patients with Fanconi anemia, a hereditary disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer. In FA-D2(-/-) cells, NSC 617145 acted synergistically with very low concentrations of mitomycin C to inhibit proliferation in a WRN-dependent manner and induce double-strand breaks (DSB) and chromosomal abnormalities. Under these conditions, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated activation and accumulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit pS2056 foci suggested an increased number of DSBs processed by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). Rad51 foci were also elevated in FA-D2(-/-) cells exposed to NSC 617145 and mitomycin C, suggesting that WRN helicase inhibition interferes with later steps of homologous recombination at ICL-induced DSBs. Thus, when the Fanconi anemia pathway is defective, WRN helicase inhibition perturbs the normal ICL response, leading to NHEJ activation. Potential implication for treatment of Fanconi anemia-deficient tumors by their sensitization to DNA cross-linking agents is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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89
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Zhang P, Herbig U, Coffman F, Lambert MW. Non-erythroid alpha spectrin prevents telomere dysfunction after DNA interstrand cross-link damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5321-40. [PMID: 23571757 PMCID: PMC3664817 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere integrity is critical for telomere function and genomic stability. We previously demonstrated that non-erythroid α-spectrin (αIISp) is present in mammalian cell nuclei where it is important in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) and chromosome stability. We now demonstrate that αIISp is also important for telomere maintenance after ICL damage. It localizes to telomeres in S phase after ICL damage where it has enhanced association with TRF1 and TRF2 and is required for recruitment of the ICL repair protein, XPF, to damage-induced foci at telomeres. In telomerase-positive normal cells depleted of αIISp by siRNA or in Fanconi anemia, complementation group A (FA-A) cells, where αIISp levels are 35–40% of normal, ICL damage results in failure of XPF to localize to telomeres, markedly increased telomere dysfunction-induced foci, followed by catastrophic loss of telomeres. Restoration of αIISp levels to normal in FA-A cells corrects these deficiencies. Our studies demonstrate that αIISp is critical for repair of DNA ICLs at telomeres, likely by facilitating the recruitment of repair proteins similar, but not identical, to its proposed role in repair of DNA ICLs in genomic DNA and that this function in turn is critical for telomere maintenance after DNA ICL damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07042, USA
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90
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Pagano G, Talamanca AA, Castello G, Pallardó FV, Zatterale A, Degan P. Oxidative stress in Fanconi anaemia: from cells and molecules towards prospects in clinical management. Biol Chem 2013; 393:11-21. [PMID: 22628295 DOI: 10.1515/bc-2011-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, proneness to malignancies, and chromosomal instability. A line of studies has related FA to oxidative stress (OS). This review attempts to evaluate the evidence for FA-associated redox abnormalities in the literature from 1981 to 2010. Among 2170 journal articles on FA evaluated, 162 related FA with OS. Early studies reported excess oxygen toxicity in FA cells that accumulated oxidative DNA damage. Prooxidant states were found in white blood cells and body fluids from FA patients as excess luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione imbalance, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Some FA gene products involved in redox homeostasis can be summarized as follows: (a) FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG interact with cytochrome P450-related activities and/or respond to oxidative damage; (b) FANCD2 in OS response interacts with forkhead box O3 and ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein; (c) FANCG is found in mitochondria and interacts with PRDX3, and FA-G cells display distorted mitochondria and decreased peroxidase activity; (d) FANCJ (BACH1/BRIP1) is a repressor of haeme oxygenase-1 gene and senses oxidative base damage; (e) antioxidants, such as tempol and resveratrol decrease cancer incidence and haematopoietic defects in Fancd2(-/-) mice. The overall evidence for FA-associated OS may suggest designing chemoprevention studies aimed at delaying the onset of OS-related clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Italian Association for Fanconi Anaemia Research, I-80133 Naples, Italy
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91
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Lin WT, Beattie M, Chen LM, Oktay K, Crawford SL, Gold EB, Cedars M, Rosen M. Comparison of age at natural menopause in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with a non-clinic-based sample of women in northern California. Cancer 2013; 119:1652-9. [PMID: 23362014 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) are related to an increased lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Although risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy reduces the risk of both cancers, loss of fertility is a major concern. A recent study suggested an association between BRCA1 mutation and occult primary ovarian insufficiency. The objective of the current study was to determine whether BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have an earlier onset of natural menopause compared with unaffected women. METHODS White carriers of the BRCA1/2 gene (n = 382) were identified within the Breast Cancer Risk Program Registry at the University of California at San Francisco and compared with non-clinic-based white women in northern California (n = 765). The 2 groups were compared with regard to median age at the time of natural menopause before and after adjustment for known risk factors, and the role of smoking within each group was examined using the Kaplan-Meier approach for unadjusted analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for adjusted analyses. RESULTS The median age at the time of natural menopause in the BRCA1/2 carriers was significantly younger than among the unaffected sample (50 years vs 53 years; P < .001). The unadjusted hazard ratio for natural menopause when comparing BRCA1/2 carriers with unaffected women was 4.06 (95% confidence interval, 3.03-5.45) and was 3.98 (95% confidence interval, 2.87-5.53) after adjusting for smoking, parity, and oral contraceptive use. For BRCA1/2 carriers who were current heavy smokers (smoking ≥ 20 cigarettes/day), the median age at natural menopause was 46 years versus 49 years for nonsmokers (P = .027). CONCLUSIONS The BRCA1/2 mutation was associated with a significantly earlier age at natural menopause, and heavy smoking compounded this risk. Because the relationship between menopause and the end of natural fertility is considered to be fixed, these findings suggest the risk of earlier infertility among BRCA1/2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne T Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94122, USA
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92
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Wang L, Romero M, Ratajczak P, Lebœuf C, Belhadj S, Peffault de Latour R, Zhao WL, Socié G, Janin A. Increased apoptosis is linked to severe acute GVHD in patients with Fanconi anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:849-53. [PMID: 23222379 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have an increased risk of acute GVHD (aGVHD) after hematopoietic SCT, with hypersensitivity to DNA-cross-linking agents and defective DNA repair. MicroRNA-34 and p53 can induce apoptosis after DNA damage.Here we assessed epithelial cell apoptosis, and studied TP53 and miR-34a expression in the skin and gut biopsies in five non-transplanted FA patients, in 20 FA patients with aGVHD and in 25 acquired aplastic anemia patients (AA). Epithelial apoptosis was higher in FA than in acquired AA patients in both the skin and gut biopsies, though they had a similar preparative regimen. Further study on gut biopsies in FA patients showed that this deleterious effect was not linked to TP53 gene overexpression. As, among p53-independent signaling pathways of apoptosis, the microRNA-34 family mimics p53 apoptotic effects in response to DNA damage, we studied miR-34a expression in the same series of FA patients' gut biopsies. MiR-34a expression level was higher in severe aGVHD compared with non-aGVHD subjects or non-transplanted patients, and significantly related to apoptotic cell numbers across the three groups of FA patients. Thus, in FA patients, increased apoptosis occurs in target epithelial cells of severe aGVHD, and this deleterious effect is linked to overexpression of miR-34a but not TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Inserm, U728, Paris, France
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93
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Association between BRIP1 (BACH1) polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 137:553-8. [PMID: 23225146 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inconsistency of reported associations between the Pro919Ser polymorphism in the BRCA1 interacting protein 1 (BRIP1) gene and breast cancer prompted us to undertake a meta-analysis. Although investigated by fewer studies, we have also studied the risk associated with the two additional BRIP1 polymorphisms, C47G and G64A, and breast cancer riskWe conducted searches of the published literature in MEDLINE through PubMed up to October 2012. Individual data on 5,122 cases and 5,735 controls from eight published case-control studies were evaluated for the Pro919Ser polymorphism. Accordingly, C47G and G64A polymorphisms were studied in 1,539 cases and 1,183 controls, and 667 and 782, respectively.In the overall analysis, association was lacking between the Pro919Ser polymorphism and breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.98-1.02), materially unchanged when confined to subjects of European ancestry (OR 0.96-1.03) or even in the high-powered studies (OR 0.97-1.03). In the menopausal subgroups, premenopausal women followed the null pattern (OR 0.94-0.98) for the Pro and Ser allele contrasts, but not for the Pro-Ser genotype comparison where significant increased risk was observed (OR 1.39, P = 0.002). The postmenopausal women (>50 years) exhibited a range of pooled effects from protection (OR 0.83, P = 0.11) in the Pro-Ser genotype to slightly increased risk (OR 1.12-1.16, P = 0.28-0.42) in the Pro and Ser allele comparisons. The G64A polymorphism effects were essentially null (OR 0.90-0.98), but C47G was found to confer non-significantly increased risk under all genetic models (OR 1.27-1.40).Upon conclusion, overall summary estimates imply no associations but suggest susceptibility among carriers of the C47G polymorphism and Pro-Ser genotype in premenopausal women. The premenopausal findings and variable outcomes in postmenopausal women require more studies for confirmation.
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94
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Kee Y, D'Andrea AD. Molecular pathogenesis and clinical management of Fanconi anemia. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3799-806. [PMID: 23114602 DOI: 10.1172/jci58321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder associated with a high frequency of hematological abnormalities and congenital anomalies. Based on multilateral efforts from basic scientists and clinicians, significant advances in our knowledge of FA have been made in recent years. Here we review the clinical features, the diagnostic criteria, and the current and future therapies of FA and describe the current understanding of the molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kee
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA.
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95
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Joksic I, Vujic D, Guc-Scekic M, Leskovac A, Petrovic S, Ojani M, Trujillo JP, Surralles J, Zivkovic M, Stankovic A, Slijepcevic P, Joksic G. Dysfunctional telomeres in primary cells from Fanconi anemia FANCD2 patients. Genome Integr 2012; 3:6. [PMID: 22980747 PMCID: PMC3511208 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9414-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by sensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, mild cellular, and marked clinical radio sensitivity. In this study we investigated telomeric abnormalities of non-immortalized primary cells (lymphocytes and fibroblasts) derived from FA patients of the FA-D2 complementation group, which provides a more accurate physiological assessment than is possible with transformed cells or animal models. RESULTS We analyzed telomere length, telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), telomere sister chromatid exchanges (T-SCE), apoptosis and expression of shelterin components TRF1 and TRF2. FANCD2 lymphocytes exhibited multiple types of telomeric abnormalities, including premature telomere shortening, increase in telomeric recombination and aberrant telomeric structures ranging from fragile to long-string extended telomeres. The baseline incidence of SCE in FANCD2 lymphocytes was reduced when compared to control, but in response to diepoxybutane (DEB) the 2-fold higher rate of SCE was observed. In contrast, control lymphocytes showed decreased SCE incidence in response to DEB treatment. FANCD2 fibroblasts revealed a high percentage of TIFs, decreased expression of TRF1 and invariable expression of TRF2. The percentage of TIFs inversely correlated with telomere length, emphasizing that telomere shortening is the major reason for the loss of telomere capping function. Upon irradiation, a significant decrease of TIFs was observed at all recovery times. Surprisingly, a considerable percentage of TIF positive cells disappeared at the same time when incidence of γ-H2AX foci was maximal. Both FANCD2 leucocytes and fibroblasts appeared to die spontaneously at higher rate than control. This trend was more evident upon irradiation; the percentage of leucocytes underwent apoptosis was 2.59- fold higher than that in control, while fibroblasts exhibited a 2- h delay before entering apoptosis. CONCLUSION The results of our study showed that primary cells originating from FA-D2 patients display shorten telomeres, elevated incidence of T-SCEs and high frequency of TIFs. Disappearance of TIFs in early response to irradiation represent distinctive feature of FANCD2 cells that should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Joksic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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96
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Lee HJ, Park S, Kang HJ, Jun JK, Lee JA, Lee DS, Park SS, Seong MW. A case report of Fanconi anemia diagnosed by genetic testing followed by prenatal diagnosis. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:380-4. [PMID: 22950077 PMCID: PMC3427829 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.5.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting multiple body systems. Genetic testing, including prenatal testing, is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of many clinical conditions. However, genetic testing is complicated for FA because there are often many genes that are associated with its development, and large deletions, duplications, or sequence variations are frequently found in some of these genes. This study describes successful genetic testing for molecular diagnosis, and subsequent prenatal diagnosis, of FA in a patient and his family in Korea. We analyzed all exons and flanking regions of the FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG genes for mutation identification and subsequent prenatal diagnosis. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed to detect large deletions or duplications in the FANCA gene. Molecular analysis revealed two mutations in the FANCA gene: a frameshift mutation c.2546delC and a novel splice-site mutation c.3627-1G>A. The FANCA mutations were separately inherited from each parent, c.2546delC was derived from the father, whereas c.3627-1G>A originated from the mother. The amniotic fluid cells were c.3627-1G>A heterozygotes, suggesting that the fetus was unaffected. This is the first report of genetic testing that was successfully applied to molecular diagnosis of a patient and subsequent prenatal diagnosis of FA in a family in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jeen Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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97
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Panneerselvam J, Park HK, Zhang J, Dudimah FD, Zhang P, Wang H, Fei P. FAVL impairment of the Fanconi anemia pathway promotes the development of human bladder cancer. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2947-55. [PMID: 22828653 PMCID: PMC3419064 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectiveness of DNA cross-linking drugs in the treatment of bladder cancer suggests that bladder cancer cells may have harbored an insufficient cellular response to DNA cross-link damage, which will sensitize cells to DNA cross-linking agents. Cell sensitivity benefits from deficient DNA damage responses, which, on the other hand, can cause cancer. Many changed cellular signaling pathways are known to be involved in bladder tumorigenesis; however, DNA cross-link damage response pathway [Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway], whose alterations appear to be a plausible cause of the development of bladder cancer, remains an under-investigated area in bladder cancer research. In this study, we found FAVL (variant of FA protein L--FANCL) was elevated substantially in bladder cancer tissues examined. Ectopic expression of FAVL in bladder cancer cells as well as normal human cells confer an impaired FA pathway and hypersensitivity to Mitomycin C, similar to those found in FA cells, indicating that FAVL elevation may possess the same tumor promotion potential as an impaired FA pathway harbored in FA cells. Indeed, a higher level of FAVL expression can promote the growth of bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which, at least partly, results from FAVL perturbation of FANCL expression, an essential factor for the activation of the FA pathway. Moreover, a higher level of FAVL expression was found to be associated with chromosomal instability and the invasiveness of bladder cancer cells. Collectively, FAVL elevation can increase the tumorigenic potential of bladder cancer cells, including the invasive potential that confers the development of advanced bladder cancer. These results enhance our understanding the pathogenesis of human bladder cancer, holding a promise to develop additional effective tools to fight human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hwan Ki Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Piyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; University of Hawaii; Honolulu, HI USA
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98
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Regulation of the Fanconi anemia pathway by a CUE ubiquitin-binding domain in the FANCD2 protein. Blood 2012; 120:2109-17. [PMID: 22855611 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-410472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA)-BRCA pathway is critical for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and the maintenance of chromosome stability. A key step in FA-BRCA pathway activation is the covalent attachment of monoubiquitin to FANCD2 and FANCI. Monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and FANCI localize in chromatin-associated nuclear foci where they interact with several well-characterized DNA repair proteins. Importantly, very little is known about the structure, function, and regulation of FANCD2. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of a CUE (coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to endoplasmic reticulum degradation) ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD) in FANCD2, and demonstrate that the CUE domain mediates noncovalent binding to ubiquitin in vitro. We show that although mutation of the CUE domain destabilizes FANCD2, the protein remains competent for DNA damage-inducible monoubiquitination and phosphorylation. Importantly, we demonstrate that the CUE domain is required for interaction with FANCI, retention of monoubiquitinated FANCD2, and FANCI in chromatin, and for efficient ICL repair. Our results suggest a model by which heterodimerization of monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and FANCI in chromatin is mediated in part through a noncovalent interaction between the FANCD2 CUE domain and monoubiquitin covalently attached to FANCI, and that this interaction shields monoubiquitinated FANCD2 from polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
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99
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García-Alonso L, Alonso R, Vidal E, Amadoz A, de María A, Minguez P, Medina I, Dopazo J. Discovering the hidden sub-network component in a ranked list of genes or proteins derived from genomic experiments. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:e158. [PMID: 22844098 PMCID: PMC3488210 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic experiments (e.g. differential gene expression, single-nucleotide polymorphism association) typically produce ranked list of genes. We present a simple but powerful approach which uses protein–protein interaction data to detect sub-networks within such ranked lists of genes or proteins. We performed an exhaustive study of network parameters that allowed us concluding that the average number of components and the average number of nodes per component are the parameters that best discriminate between real and random networks. A novel aspect that increases the efficiency of this strategy in finding sub-networks is that, in addition to direct connections, also connections mediated by intermediate nodes are considered to build up the sub-networks. The possibility of using of such intermediate nodes makes this approach more robust to noise. It also overcomes some limitations intrinsic to experimental designs based on differential expression, in which some nodes are invariant across conditions. The proposed approach can also be used for candidate disease-gene prioritization. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of the approach by means of several case examples that include a differential expression analysis in Fanconi Anemia, a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder and a genome-scale study of essentiality in cancer genes. An efficient and easy-to-use web interface (available at http://www.babelomics.org) based on HTML5 technologies is also provided to run the algorithm and represent the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz García-Alonso
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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100
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Histone chaperone activity of Fanconi anemia proteins, FANCD2 and FANCI, is required for DNA crosslink repair. EMBO J 2012; 31:3524-36. [PMID: 22828868 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by genomic instability and cancer susceptibility. A key FA protein, FANCD2, is targeted to chromatin with its partner, FANCI, and plays a critical role in DNA crosslink repair. However, the molecular function of chromatin-bound FANCD2-FANCI is still poorly understood. In the present study, we found that FANCD2 possesses nucleosome-assembly activity in vitro. The mobility of histone H3 was reduced in FANCD2-knockdown cells following treatment with an interstrand DNA crosslinker, mitomycin C. Furthermore, cells harbouring FANCD2 mutations that were defective in nucleosome assembly displayed impaired survival upon cisplatin treatment. Although FANCI by itself lacked nucleosome-assembly activity, it significantly stimulated FANCD2-mediated nucleosome assembly. These observations suggest that FANCD2-FANCI may regulate chromatin dynamics during DNA repair.
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