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Liu J, Qin YZ, Yang S, Wang Y, Chang YJ, Zhao T, Jiang Q, Huang XJ. Meis1 is critical to the maintenance of human acute myeloid leukemia cells independent of MLL rearrangements. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:567-574. [PMID: 28054140 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved by optimized chemotherapy regimens and bone marrow transplantation, leukemia relapse remains one of the most challenging problems during therapy. Sustained existence of AML blasts is a fundamental determinant for the development of leukemia and resistance to therapy. Recent evidences suggest that Meis1 is tightly associated with the self-renewal capacity of normal hematopoietic stem cells. Meis1 was also found to be essential for the development of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged leukemia. Whether Meis1 functions independently of MLL abnormality in the context of leukemia is unclear. Herein, we identified a distinct expression pattern of Meis1 in patients with newly diagnosed AML without MLL abnormality. High levels of Meis1 expression were found in 64 of 95 (67.4%) AML patients; whereas, 31 of 95 (32.6%) patients showed dramatically lower levels of Meis1, compared with the median level of Meis1 in healthy donors. The whole cohort and subgroup analyses further demonstrated that high Meis1 expression levels were associated with a resistance to conventional chemotherapy, compared with the group with low Meis1 levels (P = 0.014 and P = 0.029, respectively). In vitro knockdown experiments highlighted a role of Meis1 in regulating maintenance and survival of human AML cells. These results implicate that Meis1 functions as an important regulator during the progression of human AML and could be a prognostic factor independent of MLL abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shenmiao Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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52
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Dey NS, Ramesh P, Chugh M, Mandal S, Mandal L. Dpp dependent Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to Hh dependent blood progenitors in larval lymph gland of Drosophila. eLife 2016; 5:18295. [PMID: 27782877 PMCID: PMC5120881 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila hematopoiesis bears striking resemblance with that of vertebrates, both in the context of distinct phases and the signaling molecules. Even though, there has been no evidence of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Drosophila, the larval lymph gland with its Hedgehog dependent progenitors served as an invertebrate model of progenitor biology. Employing lineage-tracing analyses, we have now identified Notch expressing HSCs in the first instar larval lymph gland. Our studies clearly establish the hierarchical relationship between Notch expressing HSCs and the previously described Domeless expressing progenitors. These HSCs require Decapentapelagic (Dpp) signal from the hematopoietic niche for their maintenance in an identical manner to vertebrate aorta-gonadal-mesonephros (AGM) HSCs. Thus, this study not only extends the conservation across these divergent taxa, but also provides a new model that can be exploited to gain better insight into the AGM related Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma Dey
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Parvathy Ramesh
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Mayank Chugh
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
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53
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von Burstin J, Bachhuber F, Paul M, Schmid RM, Rustgi AK. The TALE homeodomain transcription factor MEIS1 activates the pro-metastatic melanoma cell adhesion moleculeMcamto promote migration of pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:936-944. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes von Burstin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- I. Medizinische Klinik; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- II. Medizinische Klinik; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | | | - Mariel Paul
- II. Medizinische Klinik; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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54
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Deficiency in an Exon 3 Deletion Mouse Model Promotes Hematopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation and Impacts Endosteal Niche Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4536187. [PMID: 27366154 PMCID: PMC4913018 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4536187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) family of proteins. The AHR is involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions including self-renewal, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation. We hypothesize that AHR impacts HSC functions by influencing genes that have roles in HSC maintenance and function and that this may occur through regulation of bone marrow (BM) niche cells. We examined BM and niche cells harvested from 8-week-old AHR null-allele (KO) mice in which exon 3 was deleted in the Ahr gene and compared these data to cells from B6 control mice; young and old (10 months) animals were also compared. We report changes in HSCs and peripheral blood cells in mice lacking AHR. Serial transplantation assays revealed a significant increase in long term HSCs. There was a significant increase in mesenchymal stem cells constituting the endosteal BM niche. Gene expression analyses of HSCs revealed an increase in expression of genes involved in proliferation and maintenance of quiescence. Our studies infer that loss of AHR results in increased proliferation and self-renewal of long term HSCs, in part, by influencing the microenvironment in the niche regulating the balance between quiescence and proliferation in HSCs.
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55
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Patel AV, Chaney KE, Choi K, Largaespada DA, Kumar AR, Ratner N. An ShRNA Screen Identifies MEIS1 as a Driver of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:110-119. [PMID: 27333032 PMCID: PMC4972548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare soft tissue sarcomas that are a major source of mortality in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. To identify MPNST driver genes, we performed a lentiviral short hairpin (sh) RNA screen, targeting all 130 genes up-regulated in neurofibroma and MPNSTs versus normal human nerve Schwann cells. NF1 mutant cells show activation of RAS/MAPK signaling, so a counter-screen in RAS mutant carcinoma cells was performed to exclude common RAS-pathway driven genes. We identified 7 genes specific for survival of MPSNT cells, including MEIS1. MEIS1 was frequently amplified or hypomethylated in human MPSNTs, correlating with elevated MEIS1 gene expression. In MPNST cells and in a genetically engineered mouse model, MEIS1 expression in developing nerve glial cells was necessary for MPNST growth. Mechanistically, MEIS1 drives MPNST cell growth via the transcription factor ID1, thereby suppressing expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip and maintaining cell survival. Targeting over-expressed genes facilitates identification of sarcoma driver genes. We identify MEIS1 as a MPNST oncogene. MEIS1 suppresses p27Kip enabling MPNST survival.
We identify MEIS1 as a sarcoma oncogene, and identify an additional 7 genes specific for survival of malignant peripheral nerve sheath cells. MEIS1 was frequently amplified or hypomethylated in human tumors, correlating with elevated MEIS1 gene and protein expression. MEIS1 enables cell cycle progression in these tumor cells through downregulation of expression of a pro-cell death protein p27Kip. Thus, inhibitors targeting cell cycle checkpoints and/or upregulating p27Kip may have therapeutic value for these patients, and perhaps for other tumor types in which MEIS1 is an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami V Patel
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - Katherine E Chaney
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ashish R Kumar
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0713, United States.
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Yokoyama T, Nakatake M, Kuwata T, Couzinet A, Goitsuka R, Tsutsumi S, Aburatani H, Valk PJM, Delwel R, Nakamura T. MEIS1-mediated transactivation of synaptotagmin-like 1 promotes CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and leukemogenesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1664-78. [PMID: 27018596 DOI: 10.1172/jci81516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TALE-class homeoprotein MEIS1 specifically collaborates with HOXA9 to drive myeloid leukemogenesis. Although MEIS1 alone has only a moderate effect on cell proliferation in vitro, it is essential for the development of HOXA9-induced leukemia in vivo. Here, using murine models of leukemogenesis, we have shown that MEIS1 promotes leukemic cell homing and engraftment in bone marrow and enhances cell-cell interactions and cytokine-mediated cell migration. We analyzed global DNA binding of MEIS1 in leukemic cells as well as gene expression alterations in MEIS1-deficent cells and identified synaptotagmin-like 1 (Sytl1, also known as Slp1) as the MEIS1 target gene that cooperates with Hoxa9 in leukemogenesis. Replacement of SYTL1 in MEIS1-deficent cells restored both cell migration and engraftment. Further analysis revealed that SYTL1 promotes cell migration via activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, as SYTL1 determines intracellular trafficking of CXCR4. Together, our results reveal that MEIS1, through induction of SYTL1, promotes leukemogenesis and supports leukemic cell homing and engraftment, facilitating interactions between leukemic cells and bone marrow stroma.
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57
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Miller ME, Rosten P, Lemieux ME, Lai C, Humphries RK. Meis1 Is Required for Adult Mouse Erythropoiesis, Megakaryopoiesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151584. [PMID: 26986211 PMCID: PMC4795694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Meis1 is recognized as an important transcriptional regulator in hematopoietic development and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of leukemia, both as a Hox transcription factor co-factor and independently. Despite the emerging recognition of Meis1's importance in the context of both normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, there is not yet a full understanding of Meis1's functions and the relevant pathways and genes mediating its functions. Recently, several conditional mouse models for Meis1 have been established. These models highlight a critical role for Meis1 in adult mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and implicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a mediator of Meis1 function in this compartment. There are, however, several reported differences between these studies in terms of downstream progenitor populations impacted and effectors of function. In this study, we describe further characterization of a conditional knockout model based on mice carrying a loxP-flanked exon 8 of Meis1 which we crossed onto the inducible Cre localization/expression strains, B6;129-Gt(ROSA)26Sor(tm1(Cre/ERT)Nat)/J or B6.Cg-Tg(Mx1-Cre)1Cgn/J. Findings obtained from these two inducible Meis1 knockout models confirm and extend previous reports of the essential role of Meis1 in adult HSC maintenance and expansion and provide new evidence that highlights key roles of Meis1 in both megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Gene expression analyses point to a number of candidate genes involved in Meis1's role in hematopoiesis. Our data additionally support recent evidence of a role of Meis1 in ROS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Erin Miller
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patty Rosten
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Courteney Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R. Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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58
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Bouilloux F, Thireau J, Ventéo S, Farah C, Karam S, Dauvilliers Y, Valmier J, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Richard S, Marmigère F. Loss of the transcription factor Meis1 prevents sympathetic neurons target-field innervation and increases susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26857994 PMCID: PMC4760953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cardio-vascular incidents and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are among the leading causes of premature death in the general population, the origins remain unidentified in many cases. Genome-wide association studies have identified Meis1 as a risk factor for SCD. We report that Meis1 inactivation in the mouse neural crest leads to an altered sympatho-vagal regulation of cardiac rhythmicity in adults characterized by a chronotropic incompetence and cardiac conduction defects, thus increasing the susceptibility to SCD. We demonstrated that Meis1 is a major regulator of sympathetic target-field innervation and that Meis1 deficient sympathetic neurons die by apoptosis from early embryonic stages to perinatal stages. In addition, we showed that Meis1 regulates the transcription of key molecules necessary for the endosomal machinery. Accordingly, the traffic of Rab5+ endosomes is severely altered in Meis1-inactivated sympathetic neurons. These results suggest that Meis1 interacts with various trophic factors signaling pathways during postmitotic neurons differentiation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11627.001 Nerve cells called sympathetic neurons can control the activity of almost all of our organs without any conscious thought on our part. For example, these nerve cells are responsible for accelerating the heart rate during exercise. In a developing embryo, there are initially more of these neurons than are needed, and only those that develop correctly and form a connection with a target cell will survive. This is because the target cells provide the growing neurons with vital molecules called neurotrophins, which are trafficked back along the nerve fiber and into the main body of the nerve cell to ensure its survival. However, it is largely unknown which proteins or genes are also involved in this developmental process. Now, Bouilloux, Thireau et al. show that if a gene called Meis1 is inactivated in mice, the sympathetic neurons start to develop and grow nerve fibers, but then fail to establish connections with their target cells and finally die. The Meis1 gene encodes a transcription factor, which is a protein that regulates gene activity. Therefore, Bouilloux, Thireau et al. looked for the genes that are regulated by this transcription factor in sympathetic neurons. This search uncovered several genes that are involved in the packaging and trafficking of molecules within cells. Other experiments then revealed that the trafficking of molecules back along the nerve fiber was altered in mutant neurons in which the Meis1 gene had been inactivated. Furthermore, Meis1 mutant mice had problems with their heart rate, especially during exercise, and an increased risk of dying from a sudden cardiac arrest. These findings reveal a transcription factor that helps to establish a connection between a neuron and its target, and that activates a pattern of gene expression that works alongside the neurotrophin-based signals. Since all neurons undergo similar processes during development, future work could ask if comparable patterns of gene expression exist in other types of neurons, and if problems with such processes contribute to some neurodegenerative diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11627.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bouilloux
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Karam
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Valmier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Neal G Copeland
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, United States
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, United States
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Marmigère
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France
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Tsang JCH, Yu Y, Burke S, Buettner F, Wang C, Kolodziejczyk AA, Teichmann SA, Lu L, Liu P. Single-cell transcriptomic reconstruction reveals cell cycle and multi-lineage differentiation defects in Bcl11a-deficient hematopoietic stem cells. Genome Biol 2015; 16:178. [PMID: 26387834 PMCID: PMC4576406 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell type with the ability of long-term self-renewal and multipotency to reconstitute all blood lineages. HSCs are typically purified from the bone marrow using cell surface markers. Recent studies have identified significant cellular heterogeneities in the HSC compartment with subsets of HSCs displaying lineage bias. We previously discovered that the transcription factor Bcl11a has critical functions in the lymphoid development of the HSC compartment. RESULTS In this report, we employ single-cell transcriptomic analysis to dissect the molecular heterogeneities in HSCs. We profile the transcriptomes of 180 highly purified HSCs (Bcl11a (+/+) and Bcl11a (-/-)). Detailed analysis of the RNA-seq data identifies cell cycle activity as the major source of transcriptomic variation in the HSC compartment, which allows reconstruction of HSC cell cycle progression in silico. Single-cell RNA-seq profiling of Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs reveals abnormal proliferative phenotypes. Analysis of lineage gene expression suggests that the Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs are constituted of two distinct myeloerythroid-restricted subpopulations. Remarkably, similar myeloid-restricted cells could also be detected in the wild-type HSC compartment, suggesting selective elimination of lymphoid-competent HSCs after Bcl11a deletion. These defects are experimentally validated in serial transplantation experiments where Bcl11a (-/-) HSCs are myeloerythroid-restricted and defective in self-renewal. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics in dissecting cellular process and lineage heterogeneities in stem cell compartments, and further reveals the molecular and cellular defects in the Bcl11a-deficient HSC compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C H Tsang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yong Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shannon Burke
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Florian Buettner
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.,Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Liming Lu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK. .,Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
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60
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Yoshioka K, Oda A, Notsu C, Ohtsuka T, Kawai Y, Suzuki S, Nakamura T, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Goitsuka R. Loss of the Homeodomain Transcription Factor Prep1 Perturbs Adult Hematopoiesis in the Bone Marrow. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136107. [PMID: 26285139 PMCID: PMC4540428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1, a TALE-family homeodomain transcription factor, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in embryonic hematopoiesis, as its insufficiency caused late embryonic lethality associated with defective hematopoiesis and angiogenesis. In the present study, we generated hematopoietic- and endothelial cell-specific Prep1-deficient mice and demonstrated that expression of Prep1 in the hematopoietic cell compartment is not essential for either embryonic or adult hematopoiesis, although its absence causes significant hematopoietic abnormalities in the adult bone marrow. Loss of Prep1 promotes cell cycling of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC), leading to the expansion of the HSPC pool. Prep1 deficiency also results in the accumulation of lineage-committed progenitors, increased monocyte/macrophage differentiation and arrested erythroid maturation. Maturation of T cells and B cells is also perturbed in Prep-deficient mice. These findings provide novel insight into the pleiotropic roles of Prep1 in adult hematopoiesis that were unrecognized in previous studies using germline Prep1 hypomorphic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihisa Oda
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Notsu
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohtsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawai
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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61
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Wang C, Oshima M, Sashida G, Tomioka T, Hasegawa N, Mochizuki-Kashio M, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Kusunoki Y, Kyoizumi S, Imai K, Nakachi K, Iwama A. Non-Lethal Ionizing Radiation Promotes Aging-Like Phenotypic Changes of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Humanized Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132041. [PMID: 26161905 PMCID: PMC4498777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise understanding of radiation effects is critical to develop new modalities for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced damage. We previously reported that non-lethal doses of X-ray irradiation induce DNA damage in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reconstituted in NOD/Shi-scid IL2rγnull (NOG) immunodeficient mice and severely compromise their repopulating capacity. In this study, we analyzed in detail the functional changes in human HSPCs in NOG mice following non-lethal radiation. We transplanted cord blood CD34+ HSPCs into NOG mice. At 12 weeks post-transplantation, the recipients were irradiated with 0, 0.5, or 1.0 Gy. At 2 weeks post-irradiation, human CD34+ HSPCs recovered from the primary recipient mice were transplanted into secondary recipients. CD34+ HSPCs from irradiated mice showed severely impaired reconstitution capacity in the secondary recipient mice. Of interest, non-lethal radiation compromised contribution of HSPCs to the peripheral blood cells, particularly to CD19+ B lymphocytes, which resulted in myeloid-biased repopulation. Co-culture of limiting numbers of CD34+ HSPCs with stromal cells revealed that the frequency of B cell-producing CD34+ HSPCs at 2 weeks post-irradiation was reduced more than 10-fold. Furthermore, the key B-cell regulator genes such as IL-7R and EBF1 were downregulated in HSPCs upon 0.5 Gy irradiation. Given that compromised repopulating capacity and myeloid-biased differentiation are representative phenotypes of aged HSCs, our findings indicate that non-lethal ionizing radiation is one of the critical external stresses that promote aging of human HSPCs in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshan Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City 860–0811, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tomioka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Nagisa Hasegawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Makiko Mochizuki-Kashio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Kazue Imai
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Kei Nakachi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732–0815, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang S, Xia P, Rehm M, Fan Z. Autophagy and cell reprogramming. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1699-713. [PMID: 25572296 PMCID: PMC11113636 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrades cytoplasmic components, thus contributing to cell survival and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy maintains stem cells in relatively undifferentiated states (stemness) and also contributes to differentiation processes. Autophagy likewise plays a crucial role in somatic cell reprogramming, a finely regulated process that resets differentiated cells to a pluripotent state and that requires comprehensive alterations in transcriptional activities and epigenetic signatures. Autophagy assists in manifesting the functional consequences that arise from these alterations by modifying cellular protein expression profiles. The role of autophagy appears to be particularly relevant for early phases of cell reprogramming during the generation of induced pluripotent stems cells (iPSCs). In this review, we provide an overview of the core molecular machinery that constitutes the autophagic degradation system, describe the roles of autophagy in maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells, and discuss the autophagic process and its regulation during cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zusen Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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MEIS1 regulates an HLF-oxidative stress axis in MLL-fusion gene leukemia. Blood 2015; 125:2544-52. [PMID: 25740828 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemias with MLL translocations are often found in infants and are associated with poor outcomes. The pathogenesis of MLL-fusion leukemias has been linked to upregulation of HOX/MEIS1 genes. The functions of the Hox/Meis1 complex in leukemia, however, remain elusive. Here, we used inducible Meis1-knockout mice coupled with MLL-AF9 knockin mice to decipher the mechanistic role of Meis1 in established MLL leukemia. We demonstrate that Meis1 is essential for maintenance of established leukemia. In addition, in both the murine model and human leukemia cells, we found that Meis1 loss led to increased oxidative stress, oxygen flux, and apoptosis. Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) as a target gene of Meis1. Hypoxia or HLF expression reversed the oxidative stress, rescuing leukemia development in Meis1-deficient cells. Thus, the leukemia-promoting properties of Meis1 are at least partly mediated by a low-oxidative state, aided by HLF. These results suggest that stimulants of oxidative metabolism could have therapeutic potential in leukemia treatment.
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Ebina W, Rossi DJ. Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming toward hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:694-709. [PMID: 25712209 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo generation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from renewable cell types has been a long sought-after but elusive goal in regenerative medicine. Paralleling efforts to guide pluripotent stem cell differentiation by manipulating developmental cues, substantial progress has been made recently toward HSC generation via combinatorial transcription factor (TF)-mediated fate conversion, a paradigm established by Yamanaka's induction of pluripotency in somatic cells by mere four TFs. This review will integrate the recently reported strategies to directly convert a variety of starting cell types toward HSCs in the context of hematopoietic transcriptional regulation and discuss how these findings could be further developed toward the ultimate generation of therapeutic human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ebina
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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González-Lázaro M, Roselló-Díez A, Delgado I, Carramolino L, Sanguino MA, Giovinazzo G, Torres M. Two new targeted alleles for the comprehensive analysis ofMeis1functions in the mouse. Genesis 2014; 52:967-75. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica González-Lázaro
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Roselló-Díez
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Irene Delgado
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - María Angeles Sanguino
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC; Madrid Spain
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Kimura W, Muralidhar S, Canseco DC, Puente B, Zhang CC, Xiao F, Abderrahman YH, Sadek HA. Redox signaling in cardiac renewal. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1660-73. [PMID: 25000143 PMCID: PMC4175032 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Utilizing oxygen (O2) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enables organisms to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with a higher efficiency than glycolysis, but it results in increased reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria, which can result in stem cell dysfunction and senescence. RECENT ADVANCES In the postnatal organism, the hematopoietic system represents a classic example of the role of stem cells in cellular turnover and regeneration. However, in other organs such as the heart, both the degree and source of cellular turnover have been heavily contested. CRITICAL ISSUES Although recent evidence suggests that the major source of the limited cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart is cardiomyocyte proliferation, the identity and potential role of undifferentiated cardiac progenitor cells remain controversial. Several types of cardiac progenitor cells have been identified, and several studies have identified an important role of redox and metabolic regulation in survival and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Perhaps a simple way to approach these controversies is to focus on the multipotentiality characteristics of a certain progenitor population, and not necessarily its ability to give rise to all cell types within the heart. In addition, it is important to note that cycling cells in the heart may express markers of differentiation or may be truly undifferentiated, and for the purpose of this review, we will refer to these cycling cells as progenitors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that hypoxia, redox signaling, and metabolic phenotypes are major regulators of cardiac renewal, and may prove to be important therapeutic targets for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kimura
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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Zeddies S, Jansen SBG, di Summa F, Geerts D, Zwaginga JJ, van der Schoot CE, von Lindern M, Thijssen-Timmer DC. MEIS1 regulates early erythroid and megakaryocytic cell fate. Haematologica 2014; 99:1555-64. [PMID: 25107888 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MEIS1 is a transcription factor expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and in mature megakaryocytes. This biphasic expression of MEIS1 suggests that the function of MEIS1 in stem cells is distinct from its function in lineage committed cells. Mouse models show that Meis1 is required for renewal of stem cells, but the function of MEIS1 in human hematopoietic progenitor cells has not been investigated. We show that two MEIS1 splice variants are expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Constitutive expression of both variants directed human hematopoietic progenitors towards a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor fate. Ectopic expression of either MEIS1 splice variant in common myeloid progenitor cells, and even in granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, resulted in increased erythroid differentiation at the expense of granulocyte and macrophage differentiation. Conversely, silencing MEIS1 expression in progenitor cells induced a block in erythroid expansion and decreased megakaryocytic colony formation capacity. Gene expression profiling revealed that both MEIS1 splice variants induce a transcriptional program enriched for erythroid and megakaryocytic genes. Our results indicate that MEIS1 expression induces lineage commitment towards a megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell fate in common myeloid progenitor cells through activation of genes that define a megakaryocyte-erythroid-specific gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Sanquin Blood Supply, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center and the Jon J van Rood Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Blood Supply, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Sanquin Blood Supply, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Riddell J, Gazit R, Garrison BS, Guo G, Saadatpour A, Mandal PK, Ebina W, Volchkov P, Yuan GC, Orkin SH, Rossi DJ. Reprogramming committed murine blood cells to induced hematopoietic stem cells with defined factors. Cell 2014; 157:549-64. [PMID: 24766805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood formation throughout life and are the functional units of bone marrow transplantation. We show that transient expression of six transcription factors Run1t1, Hlf, Lmo2, Prdm5, Pbx1, and Zfp37 imparts multilineage transplantation potential onto otherwise committed lymphoid and myeloid progenitors and myeloid effector cells. Inclusion of Mycn and Meis1 and use of polycistronic viruses increase reprogramming efficacy. The reprogrammed cells, designated induced-HSCs (iHSCs), possess clonal multilineage differentiation potential, reconstitute stem/progenitor compartments, and are serially transplantable. Single-cell analysis revealed that iHSCs derived under optimal conditions exhibit a gene expression profile that is highly similar to endogenous HSCs. These findings demonstrate that expression of a set of defined factors is sufficient to activate the gene networks governing HSC functional identity in committed blood cells. Our results raise the prospect that blood cell reprogramming may be a strategy for derivation of transplantable stem cells for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Riddell
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA
| | - Roi Gazit
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA
| | - Brian S Garrison
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA
| | - Guoji Guo
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Assieh Saadatpour
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj K Mandal
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA
| | - Wataru Ebina
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA
| | - Pavel Volchkov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana Farber/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02116, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02116, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Sharma A, Yun H, Jyotsana N, Chaturvedi A, Schwarzer A, Yung E, Lai CK, Kuchenbauer F, Argiropoulos B, Görlich K, Ganser A, Humphries RK, Heuser M. Constitutive IRF8 expression inhibits AML by activation of repressed immune response signaling. Leukemia 2014; 29:157-68. [PMID: 24957708 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation is blocked in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the molecular mechanisms are not well characterized. Meningioma 1 (MN1) is overexpressed in AML patients and confers resistance to all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation. To understand the role of MN1 as a transcriptional regulator in myeloid differentiation, we fused transcriptional activation (VP16) or repression (M33) domains with MN1 and characterized these cells in vivo. Transcriptional activation of MN1 target genes induced myeloproliferative disease with long latency and differentiation potential to mature neutrophils. A large proportion of differentially expressed genes between leukemic MN1 and differentiation-permissive MN1VP16 cells belonged to the immune response pathway like interferon-response factor (Irf) 8 and Ccl9. As MN1 is a cofactor of MEIS1 and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), we compared chromatin occupancy between these genes. Immune response genes that were upregulated in MN1VP16 cells were co-targeted by MN1 and MEIS1, but not RARA, suggesting that myeloid differentiation is blocked through transcriptional repression of shared target genes of MN1 and MEIS1. Constitutive expression of Irf8 or its target gene Ccl9 identified these genes as potent inhibitors of murine and human leukemias in vivo. Our data show that MN1 prevents activation of the immune response pathway, and suggest restoration of IRF8 signaling as therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Yun
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Jyotsana
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Yung
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C K Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Kuchenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, HSC, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Görlich
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R K Humphries
- 1] Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Ariki R, Morikawa S, Mabuchi Y, Suzuki S, Nakatake M, Yoshioka K, Hidano S, Nakauchi H, Matsuzaki Y, Nakamura T, Goitsuka R. Homeodomain transcription factor Meis1 is a critical regulator of adult bone marrow hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87646. [PMID: 24498346 PMCID: PMC3911998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow have the capacity to both self-renew and to generate all cells of the hematopoietic system. The balance of these two activities is controlled by hematopoietic stem cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms as well as extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that Meis1, a TALE family homeodomain transcription factor involved in numerous embryonic developmental processes, is selectively expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Conditional Meis1 knockout in adult hematopoietic cells resulted in a significant reduction in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Suppression of hematopoiesis by Meis1 deletion appears to be caused by impaired self-renewal activity and reduced cellular quiescence of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in a cell autonomous manner, resulting in stem cell exhaustion and defective long-term hematopoiesis. Meis1 deficiency down-regulated a subset of Pbx1-dependent hematopoietic stem cell signature genes, suggesting a functional link between them in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. These results show the importance of Meis1 in adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ariki
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuka Nakatake
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TN); (RG)
| | - Ryo Goitsuka
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail: (TN); (RG)
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Genome-wide histone state profiling of fibroblasts from the opossum, Monodelphis domestica, identifies the first marsupial-specific imprinted gene. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:89. [PMID: 24484454 PMCID: PMC3912494 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imprinted genes have been extensively documented in eutherian mammals and found to exhibit significant interspecific variation in the suites of genes that are imprinted and in their regulation between tissues and developmental stages. Much less is known about imprinted loci in metatherian (marsupial) mammals, wherein studies have been limited to a small number of genes previously known to be imprinted in eutherians. We describe the first ab initio search for imprinted marsupial genes, in fibroblasts from the opossum, Monodelphis domestica, based on a genome-wide ChIP-seq strategy to identify promoters that are simultaneously marked by mutually exclusive, transcriptionally opposing histone modifications. Results We identified a novel imprinted gene (Meis1) and two additional monoallelically expressed genes, one of which (Cstb) showed allele-specific, but non-imprinted expression. Imprinted vs. allele-specific expression could not be resolved for the third monoallelically expressed gene (Rpl17). Transcriptionally opposing histone modifications H3K4me3, H3K9Ac, and H3K9me3 were found at the promoters of all three genes, but differential DNA methylation was not detected at CpG islands at any of these promoters. Conclusions In generating the first genome-wide histone modification profiles for a marsupial, we identified the first gene that is imprinted in a marsupial but not in eutherian mammals. This outcome demonstrates the practicality of an ab initio discovery strategy and implicates histone modification, but not differential DNA methylation, as a conserved mechanism for marking imprinted genes in all therian mammals. Our findings suggest that marsupials use multiple epigenetic mechanisms for imprinting and support the concept that lineage-specific selective forces can produce sets of imprinted genes that differ between metatherian and eutherian lines.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in determining the fate of normal stem cells. Low levels of ROS are required for stem cells to maintain quiescence and self-renewal. Increases in ROS production cause stem cell proliferation/differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, leading to their exhaustion. Therefore, the production of ROS in stem cells is tightly regulated to ensure that they have the ability to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair damaged tissues for the life span of an organism. In this chapter, we discuss how the production of ROS in normal stem cells is regulated by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and how the fate of these cells is altered by the dysregulation of ROS production under various pathological conditions. In addition, the implications of the aberrant production of ROS by tumor stem cells for tumor progression and treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Du J, Li Q, Tang F, Puchowitz MA, Fujioka H, Dunwoodie SL, Danielpour D, Yang YC. Cited2 is required for the maintenance of glycolytic metabolism in adult hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:83-94. [PMID: 24083546 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment and display a distinct metabolic phenotype compared with their progenitors. It has been proposed that HSCs generate energy mainly through anaerobic glycolysis in a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk)-dependent manner. Cited2 is an essential regulator for HSC quiescence, apoptosis, and function. Herein, we show that conditional deletion of Cited2 in murine HSCs results in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione content, increased mitochondrial activity, and decreased glycolysis. At the molecular level, Cited2 deficiency significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as Pdk2, Pdk4, and lactate dehydrogenases B and D (LDHB and LDHD). Cited2-deficient HSCs also exhibited increased Akt signaling, concomitant with elevated mTORC1 activity and phosphorylation of FoxOs. Further, inhibition of PI3/Akt, but not mTORC1, partially rescued the repression of Pdk4 caused by deletion of Cited2. Altogether, our results suggest that Cited2 is required for the maintenance of adult HSC glycolytic metabolism likely through regulating Pdk2, Pdk4, LDHB, LDHD, and Akt activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Du
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Wurm M, Kowalski J, Heckl D, Zhang XB, Nelson V, Beard BC, Kiem HP. Ectopic expression of HOXC6 blocks myeloid differentiation and predisposes to malignant transformation. Exp Hematol 2013; 42:114-25.e4. [PMID: 24513167 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insertional mutagenesis resulting from the integration of retroviral vectors has led to the discovery of many oncogenes associated with leukemia. We investigated the role of HOXC6, identified by proximal provirus integration in a large animal hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy study, for a potential involvement in hematopoietic stem cell activity and hematopoietic cell fate decision. HOXC6 was overexpressed in the murine bone marrow transplantation model and tested in a competitive repopulation assay in comparison to the known hematopoietic stem cell expansion factor, HOXB4. We have identified HOXC6 as a factor that enhances competitive repopulation capacity in vivo and colony formation in vitro. Ectopic HOXC6 expression also induced strong myeloid differentiation and expansion of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors/common myeloid progenitors (GMPs/CMPs) in vivo, resulting in myeloid malignancies with low penetrance (3 of 17 mice), likely in collaboration with Meis1 because of a provirus integration mapped to the 3' region in the malignant clone. We characterized the molecular basis of HOXC6-induced myeloid differentiation and malignant cell transformation with complementary DNA microarray analysis. Overexpression of HOXC6 induced a gene expression signature similar to several acute myeloid leukemia subtypes when compared with normal GMPs/CMPs. These results demonstrate that HOXC6 acts as a regulator in hematopoiesis and is involved in malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wurm
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - John Kowalski
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Veronica Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA
| | - Brian C Beard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transcription co-regulator Cited2 is essential for mouse development. Recent work has shown that Cited2 plays important roles in normal hematopoiesis in fetal liver and adult bone marrow. This review focuses on the function of Cited2 in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and its potential role in the metabolic regulation of HSCs. RECENT FINDINGS Fetal liver cells from Cited2 null embryos give rise to reduced numbers of hematopoietic colonies and display significantly impaired hematopoietic reconstitution capacity. In adult mice, conditional deletion of Cited2 markedly reduces the number of HSCs and compromises hematopoietic reconstitution in mice receiving a transplant of Cited2 deficient bone marrow cells. Additional deletion of Ink4a/Arf or p53 in a Cited2-deficient background restores HSC functionality. Meanwhile, Cited2 deficient HSCs display loss of quiescence, which can be partially rescued by additional deletion of hypoxia inducible factor-1α. SUMMARY Cited2 is an essential regulator in fetal liver and adult hematopoiesis. Further studies into the function of Cited2 and the underlying mechanism in the metabolic regulation of HSCs will provide a better understanding of the connection between energy metabolism and HSC quiescence and self-renewal. Investigations of the pathologic role of Cited2 in leukemogenesis may yield useful information in developing effective therapeutic strategies.
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FLVCR is necessary for erythroid maturation, may contribute to platelet maturation, but is dispensable for normal hematopoietic stem cell function. Blood 2013; 122:2903-10. [PMID: 24021674 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-465104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is a pleiotropic molecule that is important for oxygen and oxidative metabolism, most notably as the prosthetic group of hemoglobin and cytochromes. Because excess free intracellular heme is toxic, organisms have developed mechanisms to tightly regulate its concentration. One mechanism is through active heme export by the group C feline leukemia virus receptor (FLVCR). Previously, we have shown that FLVCR is necessary for embryonic and postnatal erythropoiesis. However, FLVCR is also expressed in numerous other tissues, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To explore a possible role for FLVCR in HSC function, we performed serial, competitive repopulation transplant experiments using FLVCR-deleted and control bone marrow cells, along with wild-type competitor cells. Loss of FLVCR did not impact HSC function under steady-state or myelotoxic stress conditions (such as arsenic or radiation exposure), nor did FLVCR deletion result in alterations in the various progenitor compartments. However, even when 95% of the donor bone marrow cells lacked FLVCR, all red cells in recipient mice were wild type. This is due to the increased apoptosis of FLVCR-deleted proerythroblasts. Also, remarkably, loss of FLVCR increased megakaryocyte ploidy. Together, these findings show FLVCR is redundant in stem cells but has critical and contrasting stage-specific roles in discrete hematopoietic lineages.
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Ficara F, Crisafulli L, Lin C, Iwasaki M, Smith KS, Zammataro L, Cleary ML. Pbx1 restrains myeloid maturation while preserving lymphoid potential in hematopoietic progenitors. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3181-91. [PMID: 23660001 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.125435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of the hematopoietic system to promptly respond to peripheral demands relies on adequate pools of progenitors able to transiently proliferate and differentiate in a regulated manner. However, little is known about factors that may restrain progenitor maturation to maintain their reservoirs. Conditional knockout mice for the Pbx1 proto-oncogene have a significant reduction in lineage-restricted progenitors in addition to a profound defect in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. Through analysis of purified progenitor proliferation, differentiation capacity and transcriptional profiling, we demonstrate that Pbx1 regulates the lineage-specific output of multipotent and oligopotent progenitors. In the absence of Pbx1 multipotent progenitor (MPP) and common myeloid progenitor (CMP) pools are reduced due to aberrantly rapid myeloid maturation. This is associated with premature expression of myeloid differentiation genes and decreased maintenance of proto-oncogene transcriptional pathways, including reduced expression of Meis1, a Pbx1 dimerization partner, and its subordinate transcriptional program. Conversely, Pbx1 maintains the lymphoid differentiation potential of lymphoid-primed MPPs (LMPPs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), whose reduction in the absence of Pbx1 is associated with a defect in lymphoid priming that is also present in CMPs, which persistently express lymphoid and HSC genes underlying a previously unappreciated lineage promiscuity that is maintained by Pbx1. These results demonstrate a role for Pbx1 in restraining myeloid maturation while maintaining lymphoid potential to appropriately regulate progenitor reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ficara
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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