51
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Paradoxical enhancement of leukemogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia with moderately attenuated RUNX1 expressions. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1440-1451. [PMID: 29296785 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being a classical tumor suppressor, runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is now widely recognized for its oncogenic role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we report that this bidirectional function of RUNX1 possibly arises from the total level of RUNX family expressions. Indeed, analysis of clinical data revealed that intermediate-level gene expression of RUNX1 marked the poorest-prognostic cohort in relation to AML patients with high- or low-level RUNX1 expressions. Through a series of RUNX1 knockdown experiments with various RUNX1 attenuation potentials, we found that moderate attenuation of RUNX1 contributed to the enhanced propagation of AML cells through accelerated cell-cycle progression, whereas profound RUNX1 depletion led to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In these RUNX1-silenced tumors, amounts of compensative upregulation of RUNX2 and RUNX3 expressions were roughly equivalent and created an absolute elevation of total RUNX (RUNX1 + RUNX2 + RUNX3) expression levels in RUNX1 moderately attenuated AML cells. This elevation resulted in enhanced transactivation of glutathione S-transferase α 2 (GSTA2) expression, a vital enzyme handling the catabolization of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as advancing the cell-cycle progressions, and thus ultimately led to the acquisition of proliferative advantage in RUNX1 moderately attenuated AML cells. Besides, treatment with ethacrynic acid, which is known for its GSTA inhibiting property, actually prolonged the survival of AML mice in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that moderately attenuated RUNX1 expressions paradoxically enhance leukemogenesis in AML cells through intracellular environmental change via GSTA2, which could be a novel therapeutic target in antileukemia strategy.
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52
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Papapetrou EP. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and precision oncology. Nat Med 2017; 22:1392-1401. [PMID: 27923030 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Together with recent advances in the processing and culture of human tissue, bioengineering, xenotransplantation and genome editing, Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present a range of new opportunities for the study of human cancer. Here we discuss the main advantages and limitations of iPSC modeling, and how the method intersects with other patient-derived models of cancer, such as organoids, organs-on-chips and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). We highlight the opportunities that iPSC models can provide beyond those offered by existing systems and animal models and present current challenges and crucial areas for future improvements toward wider adoption of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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53
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Hematopoietic transcription factor mutations: important players in inherited platelet defects. Blood 2017; 129:2873-2881. [PMID: 28416505 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-709881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate expression of genes. The molecular and genetic mechanisms in most patients with inherited platelet defects are unknown. There is now increasing evidence that mutations in hematopoietic TFs are an important underlying cause for defects in platelet production, morphology, and function. The hematopoietic TFs implicated in patients with impaired platelet function and number include runt-related transcription factor 1, Fli-1 proto-oncogene, E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factor (friend leukemia integration 1), GATA-binding protein 1, growth factor independent 1B transcriptional repressor, ETS variant 6, ecotropic viral integration site 1, and homeobox A11. These TFs act in a combinatorial manner to bind sequence-specific DNA within promoter regions to regulate lineage-specific gene expression, either as activators or repressors. TF mutations induce rippling downstream effects by simultaneously altering the expression of multiple genes. Mutations involving these TFs affect diverse aspects of megakaryocyte biology, and platelet production and function, culminating in thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. Some are associated with predisposition to hematologic malignancies. These TF variants may occur more frequently in patients with inherited platelet defects than generally appreciated. This review focuses on alterations in hematopoietic TFs in the pathobiology of inherited platelet defects.
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54
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Schlegelberger B, Heller PG. RUNX1 deficiency (familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid leukemia, FPDMM). Semin Hematol 2017. [PMID: 28637620 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss disease-causing alterations of RUNT-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a master regulator of hematopoietic differentiation. Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid leukemia (FPDMM) typically presents with (1) mild to moderate thrombocytopenia with normal-sized platelets; (2) functional platelets defects leading to prolonged bleeding; and (3) an increased risk to develop myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Hematological neoplasms in carriers of a germline RUNX1 mutation need additional secondary mutations or chromosome aberrations to develop. If a disease-causing mutation is known in the family, it is important to prevent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a sibling or other relative carrying the familial mutation. First experiments introducing a wild-type copy of RUNX1 into induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) lines from patients with FPDMM appear to demonstrate that by gene correction reversal of the phenotype may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula G Heller
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IDIM-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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55
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Badin MS, Iyer JK, Chong M, Graf L, Rivard GE, Waye JS, Paterson AD, Pare G, Hayward CPM. Molecular phenotype and bleeding risks of an inherited platelet disorder in a family with a RUNX1
frameshift mutation. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e204-e213. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Badin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - J. K. Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - M. Chong
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - L. Graf
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - G. E. Rivard
- Hematology/Oncology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine; Montreal QC Canada
| | - J. S. Waye
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - A. D. Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto ON Canada
- The Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Institute of Medical Sciences; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - G. Pare
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program; Hamilton ON Canada
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56
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Abstract
RUNX1 is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors and is indispensable for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis in vertebrates. RUNX1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in a variety of hematological malignancies. Germ line mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies. Somatic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements involving RUNX1 are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemias of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, that is, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. More recent studies suggest that the wild-type RUNX1 is required for growth and survival of certain types of leukemia cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of our understanding about the role of RUNX1 in hematological malignancies.
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57
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RUNX1 and CBFβ Mutations and Activities of Their Wild-Type Alleles in AML. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:265-282. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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58
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Songdej N, Rao AK. Inherited platelet dysfunction and hematopoietic transcription factor mutations. Platelets 2017; 28:20-26. [PMID: 27463948 PMCID: PMC5628047 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1203400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate expression of genes. The molecular and genetic mechanisms in most patients with inherited platelet dysfunction are unknown. There is now increasing evidence that mutations in hematopoietic TFs are an important underlying cause for the defects in platelet production, morphology, and function. The hematopoietic TFs implicated in the patients with impaired platelet function include Runt related TF 1 (RUNX1), Fli-1 proto-oncogene, ETS TF (FLI1), GATA-binding protein 1 (GATA1), and growth factor independent 1B transcriptional repressor (GFI1B). These TFs act in a combinatorial manner to bind sequence-specific DNA within a promoter region to regulate lineage-specific gene expression, either as activators or as repressors. TF mutations induce rippling downstream effects by simultaneously altering the expression of multiple genes. Mutations involving these TFs affect diverse aspects of megakaryocyte biology and platelet production and function, culminating in thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and associated clinical features. Mutations in TFs may occur more frequently in the patients with inherited platelet dysfunction than generally appreciated. This review focuses on the alterations in hematopoietic TFs in the pathobiology of inherited platelet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapol Songdej
- a Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, and Hematology Section, Department of Medicine , Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - A Koneti Rao
- a Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, and Hematology Section, Department of Medicine , Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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59
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Manchev VT, Bouzid H, Antony-Debré I, Leite B, Meurice G, Droin N, Prebet T, Costello RT, Vainchenker W, Plo I, Diop M, Macintyre E, Asnafi V, Favier R, Baccini V, Raslova H. Acquired TET2 mutation in one patient with familial platelet disorder with predisposition to AML led to the development of pre-leukaemic clone resulting in T2-ALL and AML-M0. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1237-1242. [PMID: 27997762 PMCID: PMC5431233 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukaemia (FPD/AML) is characterized by germline RUNX1 mutations, thrombocytopaenia, platelet dysfunction and a risk of developing acute myeloid and in rare cases lymphoid T leukaemia. Here, we focus on a case of a man with a familial history of RUNX1R174Q mutation who developed at the age of 42 years a T2‐ALL and, 2 years after remission, an AML‐M0. Both AML‐M0 and T2‐ALL blast populations demonstrated a loss of 1p36.32‐23 and 17q11.2 regions as well as other small deletions, clonal rearrangements of both TCRγ and TCRδ and a presence of 18 variants at a frequency of more than 40%. Additional variants were identified only in T2‐ALL or in AML‐M0 evoking the existence of a common original clone, which gave rise to subclonal populations. Next generation sequencing (NGS) performed on peripheral blood‐derived CD34+ cells 5 years prior to T2‐ALL development revealed only the missense TET2P1962T mutation at a frequency of 1%, which increases to more than 40% in fully transformed leukaemic T2‐ALL and AML‐M0 clones. This result suggests that TET2P1962T mutation in association with germline RUNX1R174Q mutation leads to amplification of a haematopoietic clone susceptible to acquire other transforming alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir T Manchev
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hind Bouzid
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Iléana Antony-Debré
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Betty Leite
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Genomic Platform UMS AMMICA, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Bioinformatic Core Facility UMS AMMICA, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Genomic Platform UMS AMMICA, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Prebet
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Département d'Hématologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Régis T Costello
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de La Conception, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR 1090 TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - M'boyba Diop
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Bioinformatic Core Facility UMS AMMICA, Villejuif, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Hematology and INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Descartes and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Hematology and INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Descartes and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Favier
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baccini
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1062, Marseille, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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60
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Porter CC. Germ line mutations associated with leukemias. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2016; 2016:302-308. [PMID: 27913495 PMCID: PMC6142470 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several genetic syndromes have long been associated with a predisposition to the development of leukemia, including bone marrow failure syndromes, Down syndrome, and Li Fraumeni syndrome. Recent work has better defined the leukemia risk and outcomes in these syndromes. Also, in the last several years, a number of other germ line mutations have been discovered to define new leukemia predisposition syndromes, including ANKRD26, GATA2, PAX5, ETV6, and DDX41 In addition, data suggest that a substantial proportion of patients with therapy related leukemias harbor germ line mutations in DNA damage response genes such as BRCA1/2 and TP53 Recognition of clinical associations, acquisition of a thorough family history, and high index-of-suspicion are critical in the diagnosis of these leukemia predisposition syndromes. Accurate identification of patients with germ line mutations associated with leukemia can have important clinical implications as it relates to management of the leukemia, as well as genetic counseling of family members.
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61
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Duployez N, Lejeune S, Renneville A, Preudhomme C. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia with genetic predispositions: a new challenge for hematologists. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:1189-1202. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1257936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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62
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Balduini CL, Melazzini F, Pecci A. Inherited thrombocytopenias-recent advances in clinical and molecular aspects. Platelets 2016; 28:3-13. [PMID: 27161842 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1171835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the century, our knowledge of inherited thrombocytopenias greatly advanced, and we presently know 30 forms with well-defined genetic defects. This great advancement changed our view of these disorders, as we realized that most patients have only mild thrombocytopenia with inconspicuous bleeding or no bleeding tendency at all. However, better knowledge of inherited thrombocytopenias also revealed that some of the most prevalent forms expose to the risk of acquiring during infancy or adulthood additional disorders that endanger the life of patients much more than hemorrhages. Thus, inherited thrombocytopenias are complex disorders with quite different clinical features and prognosis. Identification of novel genes whose mutations result in low platelet count greatly advanced also our knowledge of the megakaryocyte biology and proved beyond any doubt that the defective proteins play an essential role in platelet biogenesis or survival in humans. Based on the study of inherited thrombocytopenias, we better understood the sequence of molecular events regulating megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, and platelet release. Since nearly 50% of patients have as yet unidentified genetic or molecular mechanisms underlying their inherited thrombocytopenia, further studies are expected to reveal new clinical entities and new molecular mechanisms of platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo L Balduini
- a Department of Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation - University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Federica Melazzini
- a Department of Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation - University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- a Department of Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation - University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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63
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Runx1 downregulates stem cell and megakaryocytic transcription programs that support niche interactions. Blood 2016; 127:3369-81. [PMID: 27076172 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-668129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting mutations of the RUNX1 gene are found in 10% of patients with myelodysplasia (MDS) and 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous studies have revealed an increase in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells in conditional Runx1-knockout (KO) mice, but the molecular mechanism is unresolved. We investigated the myeloid progenitor (MP) compartment in KO mice, arguing that disruptions at the HSC/MPP level may be amplified in downstream cells. We demonstrate that the MP compartment is increased by more than fivefold in Runx1 KO mice, with a prominent skewing toward megakaryocyte (Meg) progenitors. Runx1-deficient granulocyte-macrophage progenitors are characterized by increased cloning capacity, impaired development into mature cells, and HSC and Meg transcription signatures. An HSC/MPP subpopulation expressing Meg markers was also increased in Runx1-deficient mice. Rescue experiments coupled with transcriptome analysis and Runx1 DNA-binding assays demonstrated that granulocytic/monocytic (G/M) commitment is marked by Runx1 suppression of genes encoding adherence and motility proteins (Tek, Jam3, Plxnc1, Pcdh7, and Selp) that support HSC-Meg interactions with the BM niche. In vitro assays confirmed that enforced Tek expression in HSCs/MPPs increases Meg output. Interestingly, besides this key repressor function of Runx1 to control lineage decisions and cell numbers in progenitors, our study also revealed a critical activating function in erythroblast differentiation, in addition to its known importance in Meg and G/M maturation. Thus both repressor and activator functions of Runx1 at multiple hematopoietic stages and lineages likely contribute to the tumor suppressor activity in MDS and AML.
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64
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Bidet A, Laharanne E, Achard S, Migeon M, Moreau C, Lippert E. Analysis ofRUNX1rearrangements: insights into leukaemogenesis mechanisms. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:738-740. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bidet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie; CHU de Bordeaux; Pessac Cedex France
| | | | - Sandrine Achard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie; CHU de Bordeaux; Pessac Cedex France
| | - Marina Migeon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie; CHU de Bordeaux; Pessac Cedex France
| | - Candice Moreau
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie; CHU de Bordeaux; Pessac Cedex France
| | - Eric Lippert
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie; CHU de Bordeaux; Pessac Cedex France
- INSERM U1035; Laboratoire Hématopoïèse Leucémique et Cibles Thérapeutiques; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
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65
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Modeling Human Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genome Engineering. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1832-42. [PMID: 26435409 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of epigenetic reprogramming with advanced genome editing technologies opened a new avenue to study disease mechanisms, particularly of disorders with depleted target tissue. Bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) typically present with a marked reduction of peripheral blood cells due to a destroyed or dysfunctional bone marrow compartment. Somatic and germline mutations have been etiologically linked to many cases of BMFS. However, without the ability to study primary patient material, the exact pathogenesis for many entities remained fragmentary. Capturing the pathological genotype in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows studying potential developmental defects leading to a particular phenotype. The lack of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in these patients can also be overcome by differentiating patient-derived iPSCs into hematopoietic lineages. With fast growing genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, correction of disease-causing mutations in iPSCs or introduction of mutations in cells from healthy individuals enable comparative studies that may identify other genetic or epigenetic events contributing to a specific disease phenotype. In this review, we present recent progresses in disease modeling of inherited and acquired BMFS using reprogramming and genome editing techniques. We also discuss the challenges and potential shortcomings of iPSC-based models for hematological diseases.
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66
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Somatic mutations associated with leukemic progression of familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 30:999-1002. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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67
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Laplane L, Beke A, Vainchenker W, Solary E. Concise Review: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as New Model Systems in Oncology. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2887-92. [PMID: 26179060 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration that pluripotent stem cells could be generated by somatic cell reprogramming led to wonder if these so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells would extend our investigation capabilities in the cancer research field. The first iPS cells derived from cancer cells have now revealed the benefits and potential pitfalls of this new model. iPS cells appear to be an innovative approach to decipher the steps of cell transformation as well as to screen the activity and toxicity of anticancer drugs. A better understanding of the impact of reprogramming on cancer cell-specific features as well as improvements in culture conditions to integrate the role of the microenvironment in their behavior may strengthen the epistemic interest of iPS cells as model systems in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Laplane
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1170, Villejuif, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.,Université Paris I-Panthéon Sorbonne, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Paris, France
| | - Allan Beke
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1170, Villejuif, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1170, Villejuif, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1170, Villejuif, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
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68
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Arai S, Miyauchi M, Kurokawa M. Modeling of hematologic malignancies by iPS technology. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:654-60. [PMID: 26135030 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from various types of cells with transduction of defined transcription factors. Patient-derived iPSCs are becoming commonly utilized for understanding the molecular pathways involved in disease and for the development of novel targeted therapies. With the use of patient-derived iPSCs differentiated to specific-lineage cells, the potency and toxicity of drug candidates can be evaluated. In the past, patient-derived iPSCs were mainly established from patients of inherited hematologic diseases, followed by the expansion of target to acquired diseases like myeloproliferative neoplasms. Thanks to the rapid development of novel genome editing technologies, we can now utilize genetically modified and unprocessed iPSCs more readily than before. These technologies, which enable us to modulate genetic status or even chromosome structure at the right time, could help the elucidation of pathogenesis of hematologic diseases. If iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells are to be robustly reconstituted in vivo as a consequence of the development of reprogramming and conversion technology, research on leukemic stem cells must be widely promoted. Therefore, iPSC technology has great potential on oncology research using patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Arai
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku; and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masashi Miyauchi
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku; and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku; and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Songdej N, Rao AK. Hematopoietic transcription factor mutations and inherited platelet dysfunction. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2015; 7:66. [PMID: 26097739 PMCID: PMC4447035 DOI: 10.12703/p7-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and genetic mechanisms in most patients with inherited platelet dysfunction are unknown. There is increasing evidence that mutations in hematopoietic transcription factors are major players in the pathogenesis of defective megakaryopoiesis and platelet dysfunction in patients with inherited platelet disorders. These hematopoietic transcription factors include RUNX1, FLI1, GATA-1, and GFI1B. Mutations involving these transcription factors affect diverse aspects of platelet production and function at the genetic and molecular levels, culminating in clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. This review focuses on these hematopoietic transcription factors in the pathobiology of inherited platelet dysfunction.
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Antony-Debré I, Steidl U. Functionally relevant RNA helicase mutations in familial and sporadic myeloid malignancies. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:609-11. [PMID: 25965566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Polprasert and colleagues identified recurrent mutations in the DEAD/H-box RNA helicase gene DDX41 in familial and acquired cases of myelodsyplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. These mutations induce defects in RNA splicing and represent a new class of mutations in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iléana Antony-Debré
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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