51
|
Cho WS, Duffin R, Poland CA, Howie SE, MacNee W, Bradley M, Megson IL, Donaldson K. Metal oxide nanoparticles induce unique inflammatory footprints in the lung: important implications for nanoparticle testing. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1699-706. [PMID: 20729176 PMCID: PMC3002189 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industry, cosmetics, and biomedicine. OBJECTIVES We examined hazards of several well-characterized high production volume NPs because of increasing concern about occupational exposure via inhalation. METHODS A panel of well-characterized NPs [cerium oxide (CeO₂NP), titanium dioxide (TiO₂NP), carbon black (CBNP), silicon dioxide (SiO₂NP), nickel oxide (NiONP), zinc oxide (ZnONP), copper oxide (CuONP), and amine-modified polystyrene beads] was instilled into lungs of rats. We evaluated the inflammation potencies of these NPs 24 hr and 4 weeks postinstillation. For NPs that caused significant inflammation at 24 hr, we then investigated the characteristics of the inflammation. All exposures were carried out at equal-surface-area doses. RESULTS Only CeO₂NP, NiONP, ZnONP, and CuONP were inflammogenic to the lungs of rats at the high doses used. Strikingly, each of these induced a unique inflammatory footprint both acutely (24 hr) and chronically (4 weeks). Acutely, patterns of neutrophil and eosinophil infiltrates differed after CeO₂NP, NiONP, ZnONP, and CuONP treatment. Chronic inflammatory responses also differed after 4 weeks, with neutrophilic, neutrophilic/lymphocytic, eosinophilic/fibrotic/granulomatous, and fibrotic/granulomatous inflammation being caused respectively by CeO₂NP, NiONP, ZnONP, and CuONP. CONCLUSION Different types of inflammation imply different hazards in terms of pathology, risks, and risk severity. In vitro testing could not have differentiated these complex hazard outcomes, and this has important implications for the global strategy for NP hazard assessment. Our results demonstrate that NPs cannot be viewed as a single hazard entity and that risk assessment should be performed separately and with caution for different NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Seob Cho
- ELEGI (The Edinburgh Lung and the Environment Group Initiative), Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rodger Duffin
- ELEGI (The Edinburgh Lung and the Environment Group Initiative), Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A. Poland
- ELEGI (The Edinburgh Lung and the Environment Group Initiative), Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - William MacNee
- ELEGI (The Edinburgh Lung and the Environment Group Initiative), Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Megson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Donaldson
- ELEGI (The Edinburgh Lung and the Environment Group Initiative), Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Philbrick M. An anticipatory governance approach to carbon nanotubes. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2010; 30:1708-1722. [PMID: 20626694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are novel materials with remarkable properties; possible beneficial applications include aircraft frames, hydrogen storage, environmental sensors, electrical transmission, and many more. At the same time, precise characterization of their potential toxicity remains elusive, in part because engineered nanostructures pose challenges to existing assays, predictive models, and dosimetry. While these obstacles are surmountable, their presence suggests that scientific uncertainty regarding the hazards of CNTs is likely to persist. Traditional U.S. policy approaches implicitly pose the question: "What level of evidence is necessary and sufficient to justify regulatory action?" In the case of CNTs, such a strategy of risk analysis is of limited immediate utility to both regulators essaying to carry out their mandates, and users of CNTs seeking to provide an appropriate level of protection to employees, customers, and other stakeholders. In contrast, the concept of anticipatory governance suggests an alternative research focus, that is: "Given the conflicted character of the data, how should relevant actors respond?" Adopting the latter theoretical framework, this article argues that currently available data support treating CNTs "as if" they are hazardous, while simultaneously highlighting some systemic uncertainties in many of the experiments carried out to date. Such a conclusion implies limiting exposure throughout product lifecycles, and also points to the possible applicability of various conceptual tools, such as life-cycle and multicriteria decision analysis approaches, in choosing appropriate courses of action in the face of prolonged uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Philbrick
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Xu M, Fujita D, Kajiwara S, Minowa T, Li X, Takemura T, Iwai H, Hanagata N. Contribution of physicochemical characteristics of nano-oxides to cytotoxicity. Biomaterials 2010; 31:8022-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
54
|
Fourches D, Pu D, Tassa C, Weissleder R, Shaw SY, Mumper RJ, Tropsha A. Quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship modeling. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5703-12. [PMID: 20857979 PMCID: PMC2997621 DOI: 10.1021/nn1013484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of biological effects, both desired and undesired, caused by manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) is of critical importance for nanotechnology. Experimental studies, especially toxicological, are time-consuming, costly, and often impractical, calling for the development of efficient computational approaches capable of predicting biological effects of MNPs. To this end, we have investigated the potential of cheminformatics methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to establish statistically significant relationships between measured biological activity profiles of MNPs and their physical, chemical, and geometrical properties, either measured experimentally or computed from the structure of MNPs. To reflect the context of the study, we termed our approach quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship (QNAR) modeling. We have employed two representative sets of MNPs studied recently using in vitro cell-based assays: (i) 51 various MNPs with diverse metal cores (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 7387-7392) and (ii) 109 MNPs with similar core but diverse surface modifiers (Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 1418-1423). We have generated QNAR models using machine learning approaches such as support vector machine (SVM)-based classification and k nearest neighbors (kNN)-based regression; their external prediction power was shown to be as high as 73% for classification modeling and having an R(2) of 0.72 for regression modeling. Our results suggest that QNAR models can be employed for: (i) predicting biological activity profiles of novel nanomaterials, and (ii) prioritizing the design and manufacturing of nanomaterials toward better and safer products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Fourches
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dongqiuye Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carlos Tassa
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stanley Y. Shaw
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Huang YW, Wu CH, Aronstam RS. Toxicity of Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Recent Insights from in vitro Studies. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4842-4859. [PMID: 28883356 PMCID: PMC5445783 DOI: 10.3390/ma3104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has evolved to play a prominent role in our economy. Increased use of nanomaterials poses potential human health risk. It is therefore critical to understand the nature and origin of the toxicity imposed by nanomaterials (nanotoxicity). In this article we review the toxicity of the transition metal oxides in the 4th period that are widely used in industry and biotechnology. Nanoparticle toxicity is compellingly related to oxidative stress and alteration of calcium homeostasis, gene expression, pro-inflammatory responses, and cellular signaling events. The precise physicochemical properties that dictate the toxicity of nanoparticles have yet to be defined, but may include element-specific surface catalytic activity (e.g., metallic, semiconducting properties), nanoparticle uptake, or nanoparticle dissolution. These in vitro studies substantially advance our understanding in mechanisms of toxicity, which may lead to safer design of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Missouri S&T cDNA Resource Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W. 11th Street, 105 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
| | - Chi-Heng Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Missouri S&T cDNA Resource Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W. 11th Street, 105 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
| | - Robert S Aronstam
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Missouri S&T cDNA Resource Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W. 11th Street, 105 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Wessels A, Van Berlo D, Boots AW, Gerloff K, Scherbart AM, Cassee FR, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Van Schooten FJ, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Oxidative stress and DNA damage responses in rat and mouse lung to inhaled carbon nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2010; 5:66-78. [PMID: 21417689 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.494773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated whether short-term nose-only inhalation exposure to electric spark discharge-generated carbon nanoparticles (∼60 nm) causes oxidative stress and DNA damage responses in the lungs of rats (152 μg/m(3); 4 h) and mice (142 μg/m(3); 4 h, or three times 4 h). In both species, no pulmonary inflammation and toxicity were detected by bronchoalveolar lavage or mRNA expression analyses. Oxidative DNA damage (measured by fpg-comet assay), was also not increased in mouse whole lung tissue or isolated lung epithelial cells from rat. In addition, the mRNA expressions of the DNA base excision repair genes OGG1, DNA Polβ and XRCC1 were not altered. However, in the lung epithelial cells isolated from the nanoparticle-exposed rats a small but significant increase in APE-1 mRNA expression was measured. Thus, short-term inhalation of carbon nanoparticles under the applied exposure regimen, does not cause oxidative stress and DNA damage in the lungs of healthy mice and rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wessels
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Marano F, Hussain S, Rodrigues-Lima F, Baeza-Squiban A, Boland S. Nanoparticles: molecular targets and cell signalling. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:733-41. [PMID: 20502881 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence linking nanoparticles (NPs) with different cellular outcomes necessitate an urgent need for the better understanding of cellular signalling pathways triggered by NPs. Oxidative stress has largely been reported to be implicated in NP-induced toxicity. It could activate a wide variety of cellular events such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, inflammation and induction of antioxidant enzymes. These responses occur after the activation of different cellular pathways. In this context, three groups of MAP kinase cascades [ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases)] as well as redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NFκB and Nrf-2 were specially investigated. The ability of NPs to interact with these signalling pathways could partially explain their cytotoxicity. The induction of apoptosis is also closely related to the modulation of signalling pathways induced by NPs. Newly emerged scientific areas of research are the studies on interactions between NPs and biological molecules in body fluids, cellular microenvironment, intracellular components or secreted cellular proteins such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes and use of engineered NPs to target various signal transduction pathways in cancer therapy. Recently published data present the ability of NPs to interact with membrane receptors leading to a possible aggregation of these receptors. These interactions could lead to a sustained modulation of specific signalling in the target cells or paracrine and even "by-stander" effects of the neighbouring cells or tissues. However, oxidative stress is not sufficient to explain specific mechanisms which could be induced by NPs, and these new findings emphasize the need to revise the paradigm of oxidative stress to explain the effects of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francelyne Marano
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology CNRS EAC, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Responses to Xenobiotics, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Donaldson K, Murphy FA, Duffin R, Poland CA. Asbestos, carbon nanotubes and the pleural mesothelium: a review of the hypothesis regarding the role of long fibre retention in the parietal pleura, inflammation and mesothelioma. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:5. [PMID: 20307263 PMCID: PMC2857820 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique hazard posed to the pleural mesothelium by asbestos has engendered concern in potential for a similar risk from high aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN) such as carbon nanotubes. In the course of studying the potential impact of HARN on the pleura we have utilised the existing hypothesis regarding the role of the parietal pleura in the response to long fibres. This review seeks to synthesise our new data with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) with that hypothesis for the behaviour of long fibres in the lung and their retention in the parietal pleura leading to the initiation of inflammation and pleural pathology such as mesothelioma. We describe evidence that a fraction of all deposited particles reach the pleura and that a mechanism of particle clearance from the pleura exits, through stomata in the parietal pleura. We suggest that these stomata are the site of retention of long fibres which cannot negotiate them leading to inflammation and pleural pathology including mesothelioma. We cite thoracoscopic data to support the contention, as would be anticipated from the preceding, that the parietal pleura is the site of origin of pleural mesothelioma. This mechanism, if it finds support, has important implications for future research into the mesothelioma hazard from HARN and also for our current view of the origins of asbestos-initiated pleural mesothelioma and the common use of lung parenchymal asbestos fibre burden as a correlate of this tumour, which actually arises in the parietal pleura.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Donaldson
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Boverhof DR, David RM. Nanomaterial characterization: considerations and needs for hazard assessment and safety evaluation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:953-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
60
|
Meng H, Xia T, George S, Nel AE. A predictive toxicological paradigm for the safety assessment of nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1620-7. [PMID: 21452863 DOI: 10.1021/nn9005973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rate of expansion of nanomaterials calls for the consideration of appropriate toxicological paradigms in the safety assessment of nanomaterials. We advocate a predictive toxicological paradigm for the assessment of nanomaterial hazards. The predictive toxicological approach is defined as establishing and using mechanisms and pathways of injury at a cellular and molecular level to prioritize screening for adverse biological effects and health outcomes in vivo. Specifically as it relates to nanomaterials, a predictive approach has to consider the physicochemical properties of the material that leads to molecular or cellular injury and also has to be valid in terms of disease pathogenesis in whole organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|