51
|
Yang S, Mohagheghi A, Franden MA, Chou YC, Chen X, Dowe N, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for 2,3-butanediol production from lignocellulosic biomass sugars. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:189. [PMID: 27594916 PMCID: PMC5010730 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop pathways for advanced biofuel production, and to understand the impact of host metabolism and environmental conditions on heterologous pathway engineering for economic advanced biofuels production from biomass, we seek to redirect the carbon flow of the model ethanologen Zymomonas mobilis to produce desirable hydrocarbon intermediate 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). 2,3-BDO is a bulk chemical building block, and can be upgraded in high yields to gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. RESULTS 2,3-BDO biosynthesis pathways from various bacterial species were examined, which include three genes encoding acetolactate synthase, acetolactate decarboxylase, and butanediol dehydrogenase. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to pinpoint potential bottlenecks for high 2,3-BDO production. Different combinations of 2,3-BDO biosynthesis metabolic pathways using genes from different bacterial species have been constructed. Our results demonstrated that carbon flux can be deviated from ethanol production into 2,3-BDO biosynthesis, and all three heterologous genes are essential to efficiently redirect pyruvate from ethanol production for high 2,3-BDO production in Z. mobilis. The down-selection of best gene combinations up to now enabled Z. mobilis to reach the 2,3-BDO production of more than 10 g/L from glucose and xylose, as well as mixed C6/C5 sugar streams derived from the deacetylation and mechanical refining process. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the value of integrating bioinformatics analysis and systems biology data during metabolic engineering endeavors, provides guidance for value-added chemical production in Z. mobilis, and reveals the interactions between host metabolism, oxygen levels, and a heterologous 2,3-BDO biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, this work provides guidance for future metabolic engineering efforts aimed at boosting 2,3-BDO titer anaerobically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Yang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Ali Mohagheghi
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
| | - Mary Ann Franden
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
| | - Yat-Chen Chou
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
| | - Nancy Dowe
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Min Zhang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Xu GC, Bian YQ, Han RZ, Dong JJ, Ni Y. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of budC Gene Encoding meso-2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase from Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:604-17. [PMID: 26494135 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The budC gene encoding a meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (BlBDH) from Bacillus licheniformis was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Sequence analysis reveals that this BlBDH belongs to short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. In the presence of NADH, BlBDH catalyzes the reduction of diacetyl to (3S)-acetoin (97.3% ee), and further to (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol (97.3% ee and 96.5% de). Similar to other meso-2,3-BDHs, it shows oxidative activity to racemic 2,3-butanediol whereas no activity toward racemic acetoin in the presence of NAD(+). For diacetyl reduction and 2,3-butanediol oxidation, the pH optimum of BlBDH is 5.0 and 10.0, respectively. Unusually, it shows relatively high activity over a wide pH range from 5.0 to 8.0 for racemic acetoin reduction. BlBDH shows lower K m and higher catalytic efficiency toward racemic acetoin (K m = 0.47 mM, k cat /K m = 432 s(-1)·mM(-1)) when compared with 2,3-butanediol (K m = 7.25 mM, k cat /K m = 81.5 s(-1)·mM(-1)), indicating its physiological role in favor of reducing racemic acetoin into 2,3-butanediol. The enzymatic characterization of BlBDH provides evidence for the directed engineering of B. licheniformis for producing enantiopure 2,3-butanediol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Qian Bian
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cho S, Kim T, Woo HM, Lee J, Kim Y, Um Y. Enhanced 2,3-Butanediol Production by Optimizing Fermentation Conditions and Engineering Klebsiella oxytoca M1 through Overexpression of Acetoin Reductase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138109. [PMID: 26368397 PMCID: PMC4569360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has been attracting increasing interest because of its high value and various industrial applications. In this study, high production of 2,3-BDO using a previously isolated bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca M1 was carried out by optimizing fermentation conditions and overexpressing acetoin reductase (AR). Supplying complex nitrogen sources and using NaOH as a neutralizing agent were found to enhance specific production and yield of 2,3-BDO. In fed-batch fermentations, 2,3-BDO production increased with the agitation speed (109.6 g/L at 300 rpm vs. 118.5 g/L at 400 rpm) along with significantly reduced formation of by-product, but the yield at 400 rpm was lower than that at 300 rpm (0.40 g/g vs. 0.34 g/g) due to acetoin accumulation at 400 rpm. Because AR catalyzing both acetoin reduction and 2,3-BDO oxidation in K. oxytoca M1 revealed more than 8-fold higher reduction activity than oxidation activity, the engineered K. oxytoca M1 overexpressing the budC encoding AR was used in fed-batch fermentation. Finally, acetoin accumulation was significantly reduced by 43% and enhancement of 2,3-BDO concentration (142.5 g/L), yield (0.42 g/g) and productivity (1.47 g/L/h) was achieved compared to performance with the parent strain. This is by far the highest titer of 2,3-BDO achieved by K. oxytoca strains. This notable result could be obtained by finding favorable fermentation conditions for 2,3-BDO production as well as by utilizing the distinct characteristic of AR in K. oxytoca M1 revealing the nature of reductase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhyeong Cho
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunje Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoon Um
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Production of diacetyl by metabolically engineered Enterobacter cloacae. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9033. [PMID: 25761989 PMCID: PMC4357014 DOI: 10.1038/srep09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacetyl, a high value product that can be extensively used as a food ingredient, could be produced from the non-enzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of α-acetolactate during 2,3-butanediol fermentation. In this study, the 2,3-butanediol biosynthetic pathway in Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain SDM, a good candidate for microbial 2,3-butanediol production, was reconstructed for diacetyl production. To enhance the accumulation of the precursor of diacetyl, the α-acetolactate decarboxylase encoding gene (budA) was knocked out in strain SDM. Subsequently, the two diacetyl reductases DR-I (gdh) and DR-II (budC) encoding genes were inactivated in strain SDM individually or in combination to decrease the reduction of diacetyl. Although the engineered strain E. cloacae SDM (ΔbudAΔbudC) was found to have a good ability for diacetyl production, more α-acetolactate than diacetyl was produced simultaneously. In order to enhance the nonenzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of α-acetolactate to diacetyl, 20 mM Fe3+ was added to the fermentation broth at the optimal time. In the end, by using the metabolically engineered strain E. cloacae SDM (ΔbudAΔbudC), diacetyl at a concentration of 1.45 g/L was obtained with a high productivity (0.13 g/(L·h)). The method developed here may be a promising process for biotechnological production of diacetyl.
Collapse
|
55
|
Isolation and screening of thermophilic bacilli from compost for electrotransformation and fermentation: characterization of Bacillus smithii ET 138 as a new biocatalyst. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:1874-83. [PMID: 25556192 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03640-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic bacteria are regarded as attractive production organisms for cost-efficient conversion of renewable resources to green chemicals, but their genetic accessibility is a major bottleneck in developing them into versatile platform organisms. In this study, we aimed to isolate thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic bacilli that are genetically accessible and have potential as platform organisms. From compost, we isolated 267 strains that produced acids from C5 and C6 sugars at temperatures of 55°C or 65°C. Subsequently, 44 strains that showed the highest production of acids were screened for genetic accessibility by electroporation. Two Geobacillus thermodenitrificans isolates and one Bacillus smithii isolate were found to be transformable with plasmid pNW33n. Of these, B. smithii ET 138 was the best-performing strain in laboratory-scale fermentations and was capable of producing organic acids from glucose as well as from xylose. It is an acidotolerant strain able to produce organic acids until a lower limit of approximately pH 4.5. As genetic accessibility of B. smithii had not been described previously, six other B. smithii strains from the DSMZ culture collection were tested for electroporation efficiencies, and we found the type strain DSM 4216(T) and strain DSM 460 to be transformable. The transformation protocol for B. smithii isolate ET 138 was optimized to obtain approximately 5 × 10(3) colonies per μg plasmid pNW33n. Genetic accessibility combined with robust acid production capacities on C5 and C6 sugars at a relatively broad pH range make B. smithii ET 138 an attractive biocatalyst for the production of lactic acid and potentially other green chemicals.
Collapse
|
56
|
Microbial Cell Factories for Diol Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 155:165-97. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
57
|
Cho S, Kim T, Woo HM, Kim Y, Lee J, Um Y. High production of 2,3-butanediol from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by metabolically engineered Klebsiella oxytoca M1. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:146. [PMID: 26379778 PMCID: PMC4570460 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising bio-based chemical because of its wide industrial applications. Previous studies on microbial production of 2,3-BDO has focused on sugar fermentation. Alternatively, biodiesel-derived crude glycerol can be used as a cheap resource for 2,3-BDO production; however, a considerable formation of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and low concentration, productivity, and yield of 2,3-BDO from glycerol fermentation are limitations. RESULTS Here, we report a high production of 2,3-BDO from crude glycerol using the engineered Klebsiella oxytoca M3 in which pduC (encoding glycerol dehydratase large subunit) and ldhA (encoding lactate dehydrogenase) were deleted to reduce the formation of 1,3-PDO and lactic acid. In fed-batch fermentation with the parent strain K. oxytoca M1, crude glycerol was more effective than pure glycerol as a carbon source in 2,3-BDO production (59.4 vs. 73.8 g/L) and by-product reduction (1,3-PDO, 8.9 vs. 3.7 g/L; lactic acid, 18.6 vs. 9.8 g/L). When the double mutant was used in fed-batch fermentation with pure glycerol, cell growth and glycerol consumption were significantly enhanced and 2,3-BDO production was 1.9-fold higher than that of the parent strain (59.4 vs. 115.0 g/L) with 6.9 g/L of 1,3-PDO and a small amount of lactic acid (0.7 g/L). Notably, when crude glycerol was supplied, the double mutant showed 1,3-PDO-free 2,3-BDO production with high concentration (131.5 g/L), productivity (0.84 g/L/h), and yield (0.44 g/g crude glycerol). This result is the highest 2,3-BDO production from glycerol fermentation to date. CONCLUSIONS 2,3-BDO production from glycerol was dramatically enhanced by disruption of the pduC and ldhA genes in K. oxytoca M1 and 1,3-PDO-free 2,3-BDO production was achieved by using the double mutant and crude glycerol. 2,3-BDO production obtained in this study is comparable to 2,3-BDO production from sugar fermentation, demonstrating the feasibility of economic industrial 2,3-BDO production using crude glycerol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhyeong Cho
- />Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- />Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
- />Interdisciplinary Program in Agriculture Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- />Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
- />Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunje Kim
- />Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoon Um
- />Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
- />Clean Energy and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Chu H, Xin B, Liu P, Wang Y, Li L, Liu X, Zhang X, Ma C, Xu P, Gao C. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of (2S,3S)-butane-2,3-diol from glucose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:143. [PMID: 26379775 PMCID: PMC4570510 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butane-2,3-diol (2,3-BD) is a fuel and platform biochemical with various industrial applications. 2,3-BD exists in three stereoisomeric forms: (2R,3R)-2,3-BD, meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD. Microbial fermentative processes have been reported for (2R,3R)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD production. RESULTS The production of (2S,3S)-2,3-BD from glucose was acquired by whole cells of recombinant Escherichia coli coexpressing the α-acetolactate synthase and meso-butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase of Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain SDM. An optimal biocatalyst for (2S,3S)-2,3-BD production, E. coli BL21 (pETDuet-PT7-budB-PT7-budC), was constructed and the bioconversion conditions were optimized. With the addition of 10 mM FeCl3 in the bioconversion system, (2S,3S)-2,3-BD at a concentration of 2.2 g/L was obtained with a stereoisomeric purity of 95.0 % using the metabolically engineered strain from glucose. CONCLUSIONS The engineered E. coli strain is the first one that can be used in the direct production of (2S,3S)-2,3-BD from glucose. The results demonstrated that the method developed here would be a promising process for efficient (2S,3S)-2,3-BD production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Chu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Xin
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihai Liu
- />Rizhao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Rizhao, 276800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Suzuki T, Seta K, Nishikawa C, Hara E, Shigeno T, Nakajima-Kambe T. Improved ethanol tolerance and ethanol production from glycerol in a streptomycin-resistant Klebsiella variicola mutant obtained by ribosome engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:156-162. [PMID: 25460997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To improve the ethanol tolerance of the Klebsiella variicola strain TB-83, we obtained the streptomycin-resistant, ethanol-tolerant mutant strain TB-83D by a ribosome engineering approach. Strain TB-83D was able to grow in the presence of 7% (v/v) ethanol and it showed higher ethanol production than strain TB-83. Examination of various culture conditions revealed that yeast extract was essential for ethanol production and bacterial growth. In addition, ethanol production was elevated to 32g/L by the addition of yeast extract; however, ethanol production was inhibited by formate accumulation. With regard to cost reduction, the use of corn steep liquor (CSL) markedly decreased the formate concentration, and 34g/L ethanol was produced by combining yeast extract with CSL. Our study is the first to improve ethanol tolerance and productivity by a ribosome engineering approach, and we found that strain TB-83D is effective for ethanol production from glycerol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (Bioindustrial Sciences), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kohei Seta
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (Bioindustrial Sciences), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (Bioindustrial Sciences), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Eri Hara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (Bioindustrial Sciences), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Toshiya Shigeno
- Tsukuba Institute of Environmental Microbiology, 8-1 Sakuragaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1271, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima-Kambe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences (Bioindustrial Sciences), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Li L, Li K, Wang K, Chen C, Gao C, Ma C, Xu P. Efficient production of 2,3-butanediol from corn stover hydrolysate by using a thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 170:256-261. [PMID: 25151068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis strain X10 was newly isolated for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Strain X10 could utilize glucose and xylose simultaneously without carbon catabolite repression. In addition, strain X10 possesses high tolerance to fermentation inhibitors including furfural, vanillin, formic acid, and acetic acid. In a fed-batch fermentation, 74.0g/L of 2,3-BD was obtained from corn stover hydrolysate, with a productivity of 2.1g/Lh and a yield of 94.6%. Thus, this thermophilic B. licheniformis strain is a candidate for the development of efficient industrial production of 2,3-BD from corn stover hydrolysate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Cloning, expression and characterization of glycerol dehydrogenase involved in 2,3-butanediol formation in Serratia marcescens H30. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1319-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (meso-BDH) from S. marcescens H30 is responsible for converting acetoin into 2,3-butanediol during sugar fermentation. Inactivation of the meso-BDH encoded by budC gene does not completely abolish 2,3-butanediol production, which suggests that another similar enzyme involved in 2,3-butanediol formation exists in S. marcescens H30. In the present study, a glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) encoded by gldA gene from S. marcescens H30 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified and characterized for its properties. In vitro conversion indicated that the purified GDH could catalyze the interconversion of (3S)-acetoin/meso-2,3-butanediol and (3R)-acetoin/(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol. (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol was not a substrate for the GDH at all. Kinetic parameters of the GDH enzyme showed lower K m value and higher catalytic efficiency for (3S/3R)-acetoin in comparison to those for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-2,3-butanediol, implying its physiological role in favor of 2,3-butanediol formation. Maximum activity for reduction of (3S/3R)-acetoin and oxidations of meso-2,3-butanediol and glycerol was observed at pH 8.0, while it was pH 7.0 for diacetyl reduction. The enzyme exhibited relative high thermotolerance with optimum temperature of 60 °C in the oxidation–reduction reactions. Over 60 % of maximum activity was retained at 70 °C. Additionally, the GDH activity was significantly enhanced for meso-2,3-BD oxidation in the presence of Fe2+ and for (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction in the presence of Mn2+, while several cations inhibited its activity, particularly Fe2+ and Fe3+ for (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction. The properties provided potential application for single configuration production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol .
Collapse
|
62
|
Kang IY, Park JM, Hong WK, Kim YS, Jung YR, Kim SB, Heo SY, Lee SM, Kang JY, Oh BR, Kim DH, Seo JW, Kim CH. Enhanced production of 2,3-butanediol by a genetically engineered Bacillus sp. BRC1 using a hydrolysate of empty palm fruit bunches. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:299-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
63
|
Efficient simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of inulin to 2,3-butanediol by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6458-64. [PMID: 25107977 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01802-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is an important starting material for the manufacture of bulk chemicals. For efficient and large-scale production of 2,3-BD through fermentation, low-cost substrates are required. One such substrate, inulin, is a polydisperse fructan found in a wide variety of plants. In this study, a levanase with high inulinase activity and high pH and temperature stability was identified in Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 14580. B. licheniformis strain ATCC 14580 was found to efficiently produce 2,3-BD from fructose at 50°C. Then, the levanase was used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of inulin to 2,3-BD. A fed-batch SSF yielded 103.0 g/liter 2,3-BD in 30 h, with a high productivity of 3.4 g/liter · h. The results suggest that the SSF process developed with the thermophilic B. licheniformis strain used might be a promising alternative for efficient 2,3-BD production from the favorable substrate inulin.
Collapse
|
64
|
Nakashima N, Akita H, Hoshino T. Establishment of a novel gene expression method, BICES (biomass-inducible chromosome-based expression system), and its application to the production of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. Metab Eng 2014; 25:204-14. [PMID: 25108217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a novel method for producing valuable chemicals from glucose and xylose in Escherichia coli. The notable features in our method are avoidance of plasmids and expensive inducers for foreign gene expression to reduce production costs; foreign genes are knocked into the chromosome, and their expression is induced with xylose that is present in most biomass feedstock. As loci for the gene knock-in, lacZYA and some pseudogenes are chosen to minimize unexpected effects of the knock-in on cell physiology. The promoter of xylF is inducible with xylose and is combined with the T7 RNA polymerase-T7 promoter system to ensure strong gene expression. This expression system was named BICES (biomass-inducible chromosome-based expression system). As examples of BICES application, 2,3-butanediol and acetoin were successfully produced from glucose and xylose, and the maximal concentrations reached 54gL(-1) [99.6% in (R,S)-form] and 31gL(-1), respectively. 2,3-Butanediol and acetoin are industrially important chemicals that are, at present, produced primarily through petrochemical processes. To demonstrate usability of BICES in practical situations, we produced these chemicals from a saccharified cedar solution. From these results, we can conclude that BICES is suitable for practical production of valuable chemicals from biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nakashima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M6-5 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hironaga Akita
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Genome Sequence of Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis Strain 3F-3, an Efficient Pentose-Utilizing Producer of 2,3-Butanediol. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/3/e00615-14. [PMID: 24970831 PMCID: PMC4073115 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00615-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis strain 3F-3 is an efficient pentose-utilizing producer of platform chemical, 2,3-butanediol. Here we present a 4.1-Mb assembly of its genome. The key genes for pentose utilization, regulation, and metabolism of 2,3-butanediol were annotated, which may provide further insights into the molecular mechanism of 2,3-butanediol production from biomass pentose.
Collapse
|
66
|
Xu Y, Chu H, Gao C, Tao F, Zhou Z, Li K, Li L, Ma C, Xu P. Systematic metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-yield production of fuel bio-chemical 2,3-butanediol. Metab Eng 2014; 23:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
67
|
Qi G, Kang Y, Li L, Xiao A, Zhang S, Wen Z, Xu D, Chen S. Deletion of meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene budC for enhanced D-2,3-butanediol production in Bacillus licheniformis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:16. [PMID: 24475980 PMCID: PMC3909405 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-2,3-butanediol has many industrial applications such as chiral reagents, solvents, anti-freeze agents, and low freezing point fuels. Traditional D-2,3-butanediol producing microorganisms, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and K. xoytoca, are pathogenic and not capable of producing D-2,3-butanediol at high optical purity. Bacillus licheniformis is a potential 2,3-butanediol producer but the wild type strain (WX-02) produces a mix of D- and meso-type isomers. BudC in B. licheniformis is annotated as 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase or acetoin reductase, but no pervious experiment was performed to verify this hypothesis. RESULTS We developed a genetically modified strain of B. licheniformis (WX-02 ΔbudC) as a D-2,3-butanediol producer with high optimal purity. A marker-less gene deletion protocol based on a temperature sensitive knock-out plasmid T2-Ori was used to knock out the budC gene in B. licheniformis WX-02. The budC knock-out strain successfully abolished meso-2,3-butanediol production with enhanced D-2,3-butanediol production. No meso-BDH activity was detectable in cells of this strain. On the other hand, the complementary strain restored the characteristics of wild strain, and produced meso-2,3-butanediol and possessed meso-BDH activity. All of these data suggested that budC encoded the major meso-BDH catalyzing the reversible reaction from acetoin to meso-2,3-butanediol in B. licheniformis. The budC knock-out strain produced D-2,3-butanediol isomer only with a high yield of 30.76 g/L and a productivity of 1.28 g/L-h. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the hypothesis that budC gene is responsible to reversibly transfer acetoin to meso-2,3-butanediol in B. licheniformis. A mutant strain of B. licheniformis with depleted budC gene was successfully developed and produced high level of the D-2,3-butanediol with high optimal purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanfang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aifang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Shi L, Gao S, Yu Y, Yang H. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol by a newly-isolated strain of Serratia marcescens. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:969-73. [PMID: 24375234 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A newly-isolated strain of Serratia marcescens, G12, was characterized for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) production. In shake-flask and batch fermentations, 2,3-BD reached 48.5 and 51 g l(-1), respectively. Low amounts of (~8 g l(-1)) of acetoin were also formed. In fed-batch fermentations, strain G12 produced 72.8 g 2,3-BD l(-1) with glucose initially at 130 g l(-1). When aeration rate was increased to 2.5 vvm for the fermentation process, 2,3-BD reached 87.8 g l(-1) and the highest productivity was 1.6 g l(-1 )h(-1). Acetoin was at 6.2 g l(-1). G12 therefore may be a suitable candidate strain for large-scale production of 2,3-BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Litao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|