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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Aparicio A, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Low Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Spain, Especially in the Overweight/Obese Population: The ANIBES Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:240-247. [PMID: 28080834 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1248246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of the Spanish population according to ponderal status and body fat distribution. METHODS Data were obtained from ANIBES (Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain), a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample (1013 men, 996 women) of the Spanish population (18-64 years). The final fieldwork was carried out from mid-September to November (three months) 2013. A 3-day dietary record provided information about food and beverage consumption. Height, weight, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) calculated. RESULTS The Spanish population had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, whole cereals, and dairy and high consumption of meat products. Individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal adiposity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) showed lower compliance with dietary guidelines. In the male group, adjusting by age, inadequate consumption of cereals (<4 servings/day) and vegetables and fruit (<5 servings/day) was associated with higher risk of overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.704, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.187-2.447, p = 0.001, for cereals and OR = 3.816, 95% CI, 1.947-7.480, p = 0.001, for vegetables and fruits) and abdominal adiposity (OR = 2.081, 95% CI, 1.419-3.053, p = 0.000 and OR = 4.289, 95% CI, 2.108-8.726, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Nutritional campaigns should be conducted to improve the dietary habits of the Spanish population in general, especially men, who have poorer ponderal status and abdominal adiposity, due to their lower adherence to dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II , and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada , Armilla , Granada , Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- d ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance , Technical University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- e Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- f Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , CEU San Pablo University , Boadilla del Monte , Madrid , Spain.,g Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Reynolds CM, Segovia SA, Vickers MH. Experimental Models of Maternal Obesity and Neuroendocrine Programming of Metabolic Disorders in Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:245. [PMID: 28993758 PMCID: PMC5622157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have clearly shown that disease risk in later life is increased following a poor early life environment, a process preferentially termed developmental programming. In particular, this work clearly highlights the importance of the nutritional environment during early development with alterations in maternal nutrition, including both under- and overnutrition, increasing the risk for a range of cardiometabolic and neurobehavioral disorders in adult offspring characterized by both adipokine resistance and obesity. Although the mechanistic basis for such developmental programming is not yet fully defined, a common feature derived from experimental animal models is that of alterations in the wiring of the neuroendocrine pathways that control energy balance and appetite regulation during early stages of developmental plasticity. The adipokine leptin has also received significant attention with clear experimental evidence that normal regulation of leptin levels during the early life period is critical for the normal development of tissues and related signaling pathways that are involved in metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. There is also increasing evidence that alterations in the epigenome and other underlying mechanisms including an altered gut-brain axis may contribute to lasting cardiometabolic dysfunction in offspring. Ongoing studies that further define the mechanisms between these associations will allow for identification of early risk markers and implementation of strategies around interventions that will have obvious beneficial implications in breaking a programmed transgenerational cycle of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Mark H. Vickers,
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Carnauba RA, Chaves DFS, Baptistella AB, Paschoal V, Naves A, Buehler AM. Association between high consumption of phytochemical-rich foods and anthropometric measures: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:158-166. [PMID: 27608733 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1229761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical-rich foods consumption may be a valid nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of weight gain and obesity. The phytochemical index (PI) is a simple and nonspecific method to evaluate the phytochemical intake, defined as the percentage of dietary calories derived from foods rich in phytochemicals. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate whether high consumption of phytochemical-rich foods evaluated by the PI is associated with lower values of anthropometric measurements. The available literature suggests that the PI seems to be inversely associated with body weight and waist circumference. Analyzing the longitudinal changes in anthropometric variables, individuals with high intake of phytochemicals gained less weight and fat mass when compared to those with lower PI. Our findings suggest that higher PI is associated with lower body mass index, waist circumference and adiposity. Whether the results are a reflex of a lower calorie intake or the anti-obesity properties of phytochemicals remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela F S Chaves
- b Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition , University of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Anna Maria Buehler
- c Hospital Alemao Oswaldo Cruz , Institute of Health Education and Sciences , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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54
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Nivard MG, Middeldorp CM, Lubke G, Hottenga JJ, Abdellaoui A, Boomsma DI, Dolan CV. Detection of gene-environment interaction in pedigree data using genome-wide genotypes. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1803-1809. [PMID: 27436263 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritability may be estimated using phenotypic data collected in relatives or in distantly related individuals using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We combined these approaches by re-parameterizing the model proposed by Zaitlen et al and extended this model to include moderation of (total and SNP-based) genetic and environmental variance components by a measured moderator. By means of data simulation, we demonstrated that the type 1 error rates of the proposed test are correct and parameter estimates are accurate. As an application, we considered the moderation by age or year of birth of variance components associated with body mass index (BMI), height, attention problems (AP), and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The genetic variance of BMI was found to increase with age, but the environmental variance displayed a greater increase with age, resulting in a proportional decrease of the heritability of BMI. Environmental variance of height increased with year of birth. The environmental variance of AP increased with age. These results illustrate the assessment of moderation of environmental and genetic effects, when estimating heritability from combined SNP and family data. The assessment of moderation of genetic and environmental variance will enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ Ingeest, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gitta Lubke
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Quantitative Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conor V Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Faculteit der Psychologie en Pedagogiek, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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55
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Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Duan DD. From Genome-Wide Association Study to Phenome-Wide Association Study: New Paradigms in Obesity Research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:185-231. [PMID: 27288830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the wide individual variations in fat distribution, degree of fatness or health risks, and genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this review, we will address this important issue with the introduction of phenome, phenomics, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We will discuss the new paradigm shift from GWAS to PheWAS in obesity research. In the era of precision medicine, phenomics and PheWAS provide the required approaches to better definition and classification of obesity according to the association of obese phenome with their unique molecular makeup, lifestyle, and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D D Duan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.
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56
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Celis-Morales C, Marsaux CFM, Livingstone KM, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, O'donovan CB, Forster H, Woolhead C, Fallaize R, Macready AL, Kolossa S, Hallmann J, Tsirigoti L, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Grimaldi K, Bouwman J, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Parnell LD, Daniel H, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Walsh MC, Gibney M, Lovegrove JA, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Mathers JC. Physical activity attenuates the effect of the FTO genotype on obesity traits in European adults: The Food4Me study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:962-9. [PMID: 26921105 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the effect of FTO loci on obesity-related traits could be modified by physical activity (PA) levels in European adults. METHODS Of 1,607 Food4Me participants randomized, 1,280 were genotyped for FTO (rs9939609) and had available PA data. PA was measured objectively using accelerometers (TracmorD, Philips), whereas anthropometric measures [BMI and waist circumference (WC)] were self-reported via the Internet. RESULTS FTO genotype was associated with a higher body weight [β: 1.09 kg per risk allele, (95% CI: 0.14-2.04), P = 0.024], BMI [β: 0.54 kg m(-2) , (0.23-0.83), P < 0.0001], and WC [β: 1.07 cm, (0.24-1.90), P = 0.011]. Moderate-equivalent PA attenuated the effect of FTO on BMI (P[interaction] = 0.020). Among inactive individuals, FTO increased BMI by 1.06 kg m(-2) per allele (P = 0.024), whereas the increase in BMI was substantially attenuated among active individuals (0.16 kg m(-2) , P = 0.388). We observed similar effects for WC (P[interaction] = 0.005): the FTO risk allele increased WC by 2.72 cm per allele among inactive individuals but by only 0.49 cm in active individuals. CONCLUSIONS PA attenuates the effect of FTO genotype on BMI and WC. This may have important public health implications because genetic susceptibility to obesity in the presence of FTO variants may be reduced by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cyril F M Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamploma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamploma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clare B O'donovan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Hannah Forster
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hallmann
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lydia Tsirigoti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Jildau Bouwman
- TNO, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mike Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamploma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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