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Bardoloi V, Yogeesha Babu KV. Comparative study of isolates from community-acquired and catheter-associated urinary tract infections with reference to biofilm-producing property, antibiotic sensitivity and multi-drug resistance. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:927-936. [PMID: 28703700 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary tract infection (UTI) can be community-acquired (Com-UTI) or catheter-associated (CAUTI) and may be associated with biofilm-producing organisms. A comparative analysis of biofilm-producing property (BPP), antibiotic-sensitivity and multi-drug resistance (MDR) and their relation with the BPP of isolates from Com-UTI and CAUTI has not yet been performed and necessitated this study. METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES (1) isolation of bacteria from CAUTI and Com-UTI and identification of their BPP, antibiotic-sensitivity and MDR status; (2) comparison of the isolates from CAUTI and Com-UTI as regards BPP, MDR status and their relation with BPP. METHOD isolates from 100 cases each of Com-UTI and CAUTI were subjected to Congo redagar (CRA) and Safranin tube tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated using the disc diffusion method. Both groups were compared regarding BPP, drug sensitivity and MDR status. Statistical analyses were performed using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS 76.19 % of isolates from Com-UTI and 60.72 % from CAUTI had BPP (P=0.0252; significant). The Safranin tube test detected more isolates with BPP than the CRA test. MDR is greater in CAUTI than Com-UTI (83.33 % versus 64.76 %; P=0.0039; significant). MDR is greater in isolates with BPP in both Com-UTI and CAUTI (76.47 and 62.35 %; non-significant). CONCLUSIONS BPP was found in both Com-UTI and CAUTI. When used together, the Safranin tube test and the CRA test increased the sensitivity of detecting BPP. MDR was higher in CAUTI than Com-UTI. MDR and BPP are not interrelated or associated, especially in settings where it is not certain that isolates were obtained from a well-formed biofilm. However, this does not rule out a higher incidence or prevalence of MDR in isolates with BPP taken directly from the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajeet Bardoloi
- Department of Microbiology, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - K V Yogeesha Babu
- Department of Microbiology, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
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Virulence factors associated with Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from human infections. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:140. [PMID: 28593524 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by commensal organisms by changing to infectious life style generate much challenge to the current treatment strategies. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are one of them, with their coexisting biofilm forming and multiple antibiotic resistance properties form important agents of nosocomial infection. To evaluate species distribution, biofilm formation, and antibiogram, CoNS isolates from various clinical samples were isolated. The presence of biofilm and associated genes icaAB, aap, atlE, embp, bhp, and fbe in CoNS was screened by PCR. The biofilm chemical composition and its correlation with the genotypes were also analysed. Staphylococcus epidermidis (59%) was found to be the most prevalent CoNS species. Most of the CoNS isolates harboring biofilm gene showed carbohydrate-protein-eDNA biofilm, whereas carbohydrate-protein biofilms were also observed. High percentage of multiple drug resistance, and biofilm gene frequency among these CoNS isolates point towards the need of periodic surveillance as CoNS are recently identified to cause difficult to treat infections.
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53
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Hashem AA, Abd El Fadeal NM, Shehata AS. In vitro activities of vancomycin and linezolid against biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant staphylococci species isolated from catheter-related bloodstream infections from an Egyptian tertiary hospital. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:744-752. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A. Hashem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abd El Fadeal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Atef S. Shehata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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54
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Martins KB, Faccioli PY, Bonesso MF, Fernandes S, Oliveira AA, Dantas A, Zafalon LF, Cunha MDLRS. Characteristics of resistance and virulence factors in different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from milk of healthy sheep and animals with subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2184-2195. [PMID: 28109594 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are among the main responsible agents for mastitis in sheep. Cure rates can be reduced due to several causes, such as those related to virulence factors presented by microorganisms. This study aims at characterizing the virulence and resistance factors to antimicrobial agents in different CNS species isolated from sheep milk. After collecting milk samples, the samples were analyzed and the CNS species were identified. After identification, the susceptibility-sensitivity profile was examined using the disk diffusion technique for 10 antimicrobial agents. The DNA was extracted to detect the presence of the mecA gene, biofilm (icaADBC, bap, and bhp) and toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, tst, and luk-PV) by PCR. Samples carrying toxin genes had their expression assessed using the reverse-transcription PCR technique. The biofilm production was assessed using the adherence method on a polystyrene plate. One hundred twelve CNS samples were isolated, 53 (47.3%) from animals with subclinical mastitis and 59 (52.7%) from healthy animals. Drugs tested have shown to be efficient for most CNS samples. The largest resistance percentage of CNS was found for the penicillin (17.0%) and tetracycline (10.7%) and 4 samples carried the mecA gene. As for the biofilm genes, the icaADBC operon was found in 10 (8.9%) samples, the bap gene was found in 16 (14.3%), and the bhp gene was found in 3 (2.7%). In addition, 69 (61.6%) samples produced biofilm. The survey of toxin genes has shown that 70 (62.5%) samples showed some toxin-encoding gene. However, none of the samples has expressed any of the genes from those toxins studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne B Martins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510.
| | - Patricia Y Faccioli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510
| | - Mariana F Bonesso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510
| | - Simone Fernandes
- Department of Livestock, Lageado Farm, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 237
| | - Aline A Oliveira
- Department of Livestock, Lageado Farm, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 237
| | - Ariane Dantas
- Department of Livestock, Lageado Farm, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 237
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes R S Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510
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55
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Detection of Biofilm Production Capability and icaA/D Genes Among Staphylococci Isolates from Shiraz, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.41431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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56
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de Oliveira A, Cataneli Pereira V, Pinheiro L, Moraes Riboli DF, Benini Martins K, Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha MDL. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091423. [PMID: 27598130 PMCID: PMC5037702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Two hundred Staphylococcus spp. strains were studied, including 50 S. aureus and 150 CoNS strains (50 S. epidermidis, 20 S. haemolyticus, 20 S. warneri, 20 S. hominis, 20 S. lugdunensis, and 20 S. saprophyticus). Biofilm formation was investigated by adherence to polystyrene plates. Positive strains were submitted to the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for planktonic and biofilm cells and the minimal bactericidal concentration for biofilm cells (MBCB). Forty-nine Staphylococcus spp. strains (14 S. aureus, 13 S. epidermidis, 13 S. saprophyticus, 3 S. haemolyticus, 1 S. hominis, 3 S. warneri, and 2 S. lugdunensis) were biofilm producers. These isolates were evaluated regarding their resistance profile. Determination of planktonic cell MIC identified three (21.4%) S. aureus strains that were resistant to oxacillin and six (42.8%) that were resistant to erythromycin. Among the CoNS, 31 (88.6%) strains were resistant to oxacillin, 14 (40%) to erythromycin, 18 (51.4%) to gentamicin, and 8 (22.8%) to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. None of the planktonic isolates were resistant to vancomycin or linezolid. MICs were 2-, 4-, 8-, and up to 16-fold higher for biofilm cells than for planktonic cells. This observation was more common for vancomycin and erythromycin. The MBCB ranged from 8 to >256 µg/mL for oxacillin, 128 to >128 µg/mL for vancomycin, 256 to >256 µg/mL for erythromycin and gentamicin, >64 µg/mL for linezolid, and 32/608 to >32/608 µg/mL for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The results showed considerably higher MICs for S. aureus and CoNS biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Analysis of MBCM confirmed that even high concentrations of vancomycin were unable to eliminate the biofilms of S. aureus and CoNS species. Linezolid was the most effective drug in inhibiting staphylococci in the biofilm, without an increase in the MIC, when compared to planktonic cells. None of the isolates were resistant to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo-CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo-CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Pinheiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo-CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru 17034-971, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo-CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Katheryne Benini Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo-CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Doutor Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo-CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
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Pinheiro L, Brito CI, Oliveira AD, Pereira VC, Cunha MDLRDSD. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: detection of biofilm genes and biofilm formation in blood culture isolates from patients in a Brazilian teaching hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:11-4. [PMID: 27344542 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infections with coagulase-negative staphylococci are often related to biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect biofilm formation and biofilm-associated genes in blood culture isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. haemolyticus. Half (50.6%) of the 85 S. epidermidis isolates carried the icaAD genes and 15.3% the bhp gene, while these numbers were 42.9% and 0 for S. haemolyticus, respectively. According to the plate test, 30 S. epidermidis isolates were biofilm producers and 40% of them were strongly adherent, while only one (6%) of the 17 S. haemolyticus biofilm-producing isolates exhibited a strongly adherent biofilm. The concomitant presence of icaA and icaD was significantly associated with the plate and tube test results (P ≤ 0.0004). The higher frequency of icaA in S. epidermidis and of icaD in S. haemolyticus is correlated with the higher biofilm-producing capacity of the former since, in contrast to IcaD, IcaA activity is sufficient to produce small amounts of polysaccharide. Although this study emphasizes the importance of icaAD and bhp for biofilm formation in S. epidermidis, other mechanisms seem to be involved in S. haemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Pinheiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Patologia,Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Ivo Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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58
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Kim BR, Bae YM, Hwang JH, Lee SY. Biofilm formation and cell surface properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various sources. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:643-648. [PMID: 30263318 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, colony spreading, and slime production for 112 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various sources (leaf vegetables, pea leaf, perilla leaf, Kim-bab, person, and animal). When biofilm formation was classified by origin, S. aureus isolated from animal origin showed a significantly higher level of biofilm formation than others (p≤0.05). When S. aureus groups with different levels of biofilm formation (very strong, strong, moderate, and weak) were evaluated for the correlation with cell surface properties, there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation and hydrophobicity (r=0.926). Biofilm formation and colony spreading on tryptic soy broth (without dextrose) also showed positive correlation (r=0.863). In contrast, biofilm formation and slime production were negatively correlated (r=-0.973). Based on these results, the biofilm forming ability of S. aureus differs depending on their origin and might be affected by cell surface properties such as cell surface hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
| | - Young-Min Bae
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
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59
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Martini R, Hörner R, Rampelotto RF, Garzon LRL, Nunes MS, Teixeira MD, Graichen DÂS. INVESTIGATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM PLATELET CONCENTRATE BAGS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:1. [PMID: 26910444 PMCID: PMC4793942 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet Concentrates (PCs) are the blood components with the highest rate of
bacterial contamination, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most
frequently isolated contaminants. This study investigated the biofilm formation of 16
contaminated units out of 691 PCs tested by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Adhesion in Borosilicate Tube (ABT) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) tests were used to
assess the presence of biofilm. The presence of icaADC genes was assessed by means of
the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. With Vitek(r)2, Staphylococcus
haemolyticus was considered the most prevalent CoNS (31.25%). The CRA characterized
43.8% as probable biofilm producers, and for the ABT test, 37.5%. The icaADC genes
were identified in seven samples by the PCR. The ABT technique showed 85.7%
sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to the reference method (PCR), and
presented strong agreement (k = 0.8). This study shows that species identified as PCs
contaminants are considered inhabitants of the normal skin flora and they might
become important pathogens. The results also lead to the recommendation of ABT use in
laboratory routine for detecting biofilm in CoNS contaminants of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiéli Martini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Rosmari Hörner
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Roberta Filipini Rampelotto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Litiérri Razia Litiérri Garzon
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Melise Silveira Nunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Mayza Dalcin Teixeira
- Laboratório de Evolução Genética, Centro de Educação Superior Norte, Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ;
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60
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Thilakavathy P, Priyan RMV, Jagatheeswari PAT, Charles J, Dhanalakshmi V, Lallitha S, Rajendran T, Divya B. Evaluation of Ica Gene in Comparison with Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Biofilm Production by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DC16-9. [PMID: 26435944 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11725.6371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm producing bacteria are responsible for several chronic infections and are difficult to treat as they show much greater resistance to antibiotics. The major virulence factor determining the pathogenicity of CoNS has now well defined and found to be biofilm production. OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to isolate and characterize Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and their ability to form biofilms was evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 96 clinical isolates of CoNS were characterized and subjected to biofilm detection by tissue culture plate method (TCP), tube method (TM), congo red agar method (CRA) and PCR. RESULTS Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly isolated species 76(79.17%). The ica gene was present in 35 (36.45%) of CoNS isolates which were detected as biofilm producers by TCP. Biofilm producing isolates showed higher antibiotic resistance(72.1%). Majority of biofilm producers had strong association with medical device related infections. CONCLUSION To compare PCR based dectection method for presence of ica genes with TCP, the test share the specific identification rates. The sensitivity and specificity of TCP method in detection of biofilm was high in comparison with TM and CRA. TCP can be recommended as a general screening test for biofilm detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thilakavathy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute , Tamilnadu, India
| | - R M Vasantha Priyan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Madurai Medical College , Tamilnadu, India
| | - P A T Jagatheeswari
- Professor and HOD, Department of Microbiology, Madurai Medical College , Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jhansi Charles
- Registrar, TN DR.MGR Medical University , Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Dhanalakshmi
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Madurai Medical College , Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Lallitha
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Theni Medical College , Tamilnadu, India
| | - T Rajendran
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute , Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Divya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mohan kumaramangalam Medical College , Salem, Tamilnadu, India
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61
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Martins KB, Faccioli-Martins PY, Riboli DFM, Pereira VC, Fernandes S, Oliveira AA, Dantas A, Zafalon LF, da Cunha MDLRDS. Clonal profile, virulence and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:535-43. [PMID: 26273271 PMCID: PMC4507548 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246220131164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the clonal profile, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, particularly oxacillin resistance, of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk. Milk samples were collected from all teats for the California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell count, identification of S. aureus, investigation in these strains of genes encoding toxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, tst), biofilm (icaA, icaC, icaD, bap), leukocidin (luk-PV) oxacillin resistance by mecA gene detection and susceptibility testing (12 antibiotics). Messenger RNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in isolates carrying toxin and biofilm genes. Biofilm formation was also evaluated phenotypically by adherence to polystyrene plates. The clonal profile of S. aureus was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 473 milk samples were collected from 242 animals on three farms and 20 S. aureus strains were isolated and none carried the mecA gene. The two sec gene-positive isolates and the isolates carrying the tst and luk-PV genes were positive by RT-PCR. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the three flocks studied showed high susceptibility to the drugs tested and none was biofilm producer, indicating that biofilm formation was not a virulence factor causing infection by these strains. The typing of 17 S. aureus isolates revealed the presence of a common clone on the three farms studied, and the presence and expression of the sec and tst genes in one strain of this clone suggest the possible acquisition of virulence genes by this clone, a fact that is important for animal health and food hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne Benini Martins
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de
Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline A. Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de
Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane Dantas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de
Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Francisco Zafalon
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de
Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Casagrande Proietti P, Stefanetti V, Hyatt DR, Marenzoni ML, Capomaccio S, Coletti M, Bietta A, Franciosini MP, Passamonti F. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for biofilm formation. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:945-51. [PMID: 25892615 PMCID: PMC4565817 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in several Staphylococcus species. This study evaluated the biofilm-forming ability of sixty canine derived clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, using three phenotypic methods, microtiter plate test (MtP), Congo red agar method (CRA) and tube adherence test, and the presence and impact of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD). The results showed that icaA and icaD genes were detected concomitantly in 55 (91.7%) of 60 isolates. A majority (88.3%) of the strains screened had matching results by the tube adherence test, MtP and PCR analysis. Better agreement (95%) was found between the PCR-based analysis and the CRA. Results of the icaA and icaD gene PCRs showed good agreement with CRA results, with a kappa of 0.7. Comparing the phenotypic methods,
the statistical analysis showed that the agreement among the phenotypical tests using categorical data was generally good. Considering two classes (biofilm producer and biofilm non-producer), the percentage of matching results between the CRA method and the tube adherence test and between the CRA method and the MtP was 93.3%. A concordance of 100% was revealed between the MtP and the tube adherence test. The results indicate a high prevalence of the ica genes within S. pseudintermedius isolates, and their presence is associated with in vitro formation of a biofilm. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for investigating biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius.
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Kumar P, Selvi SS, Govindaraju M. In vitro anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Junceella juncea for its biomedical application. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:930-5. [PMID: 23593571 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Junceella juncea (J. juncea) against biofilm forming pathogenic strains. METHODS Gorgonians were extracted with methanol and analysed with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biofilm forming pathogens were identified by Congo red agar supplemented with sucrose. A quantitative spectrophotometric method was used to monitor in vitro biofilm reduction by microtitre plate assay. Anti-bacterial activity of methanolic gorgonian extract (MGE) was carried out by disc diffusion method followed by calculating the percentage of increase with crude methanol (CM). RESULTS The presence of active functional group was exemplified by FT-IR spectroscopy. Dry, black, crystalline colonies confirm the production of extracellular polymeric substances responsible for biofilm formation in Congo red agar. MGE exhibited potential anti-biofilm activity against all tested bacterial strains. The anti-bacterial activity of methanolic extract was comparably higher in Salmonella typhii followed by Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella flexneri. The overall percentage of increase was higher by 50.2% to CM. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial efficacy of J. juncea is impressive over biofilm producing pathogens and are good source for novel anti-bacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamil Nadu, India
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Noumi E, Snoussi M, Noumi I, Saghrouni F, Aouni M, Valentin E. Phenotypic characterization and adhesive properties of vaginal Candida spp. strains provided by the CHU Farhat Hached (Sousse, Tunisia). Rev Iberoam Micol 2014; 32:170-9. [PMID: 25618183 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common infection among women worldwide, being Candida albicans the most commonly isolated species. Therefore, controlling this opportunistic yeast is one of the key factors for reducing nosocomial infection. AIMS We investigated several virulence properties of 28 vaginal strains of Candida isolated from Tunisian women suffering from vulvovaginitis. We also analyzed the virulence properties of a clinical Candida krusei strain and five Candida reference strains. METHODS Candida strains were subjected to microscopic analysis and culture in Candida ID2 chromogenic medium. The adhesive properties of these strains were estimated by the microtiter plate - the safranin-staining - and the Congo red agar (CRA) methods, for determining yeast ability to form biofilms on biomaterials used in urinary catheter manufacturing. Their potency to produce hydrolytic enzymes was also studied. RESULTS Our results showed that nine out of the total studied strains produced phospholipase. In addition, very high protease activity was detected in 23 Candida strains. All Candida strains were beta-hemolytic and adhered to polystyrene microtiter plates in varying degrees. Two vaginal C. albicans strains were strongly adhesive to polystyrene and glass slides. Also, our results showed that vaginal Candida strains were more adhesive to the three tested materials than the reference strains. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the presence of a range of virulence and adhesion factors in clinical isolates of vaginal Candida. Consequently, control and treatment of vaginal candidiasis as a means to prevent biofilm formation on urinary catheters is of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Noumi
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Tunisia; Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopole de Borj-Cédria, BP 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
| | - Inès Noumi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Saghrouni
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Hôpital Farhat Hached de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Eulogio Valentin
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Pinheiro L, Brito CI, Pereira VC, Oliveira AD, Camargo CH, Cunha MDLRDSD. Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from blood cultures. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:871-8. [PMID: 25410990 PMCID: PMC4296491 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to correlate the presence of ica genes, biofilm
formation and antimicrobial resistance in 107 strains of Staphylococcus
epidermidis isolated from blood cultures. The isolates were analysed to
determine their methicillin resistance, staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec (SCCmec) type, ica genes
and biofilm formation and the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was
measured for isolates and subpopulations growing on vancomycin screen agar. The
mecA gene was detected in 81.3% of the S.
epidermidis isolated and 48.2% carried SCCmec type III.
The complete icaADBC operon was observed in 38.3% of the isolates;
of these, 58.5% produced a biofilm. Furthermore, 47.7% of the isolates grew on
vancomycin screen agar, with an increase in the MIC in 75.9% of the isolates.
Determination of the MIC of subpopulations revealed that 64.7% had an MIC ≥ 4 μg
mL-1, including 15.7% with an MIC of 8 μg mL-1 and 2% with
an MIC of 16 μg mL-1. The presence of the icaADBC operon,
biofilm production and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin were associated with
methicillin resistance. This study reveals a high level of methicillin resistance,
biofilm formation and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in subpopulations of
S. epidermidis. These findings may explain the selection of
multidrug-resistant isolates in hospital settings and the consequent failure of
antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Carla Ivo Brito
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Adilson de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Mishra SK, Basukala P, Basukala O, Parajuli K, Pokhrel BM, Rijal BP. Detection of biofilm production and antibiotic resistance pattern in clinical isolates from indwelling medical devices. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:128-34. [PMID: 25239012 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose great threat for patients requiring indwelling medical devices (IMDs) as it is difficult to remove them. It is, therefore, crucial to follow an appropriate method for the detection of biofilms. The present study focuses on detection of biofilm formation among the isolates from IMDs. We also aimed to explore the antibiogram of biofilm producers. This prospective analysis included 65 prosthetic samples. After isolation and identification of bacteria following standard methodology, antibiogram of the isolates were produced following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of biofilms was done by tube adherence (TA), Congo red agar and tissue culture plate (TCP) methods. Out of 67 clinical isolates from IMDs, TCP detected 31 (46.3 %) biofilm producers and 36 (53.7 %) biofilm non-producers. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex were found to be the most frequent biofilm producers. The TA method correlated well with the TCP method for biofilm detection. Higher antibiotic resistance was observed in biofilm producers than in biofilm non-producers. The most effective antibiotics for biofilm producing Gram-positive isolates were Vancomycin and Tigecycline, and that for biofilm producing Gram-negative isolates were Polymyxin-B, Colistin Sulphate and Tigecycline. Nearly 46 % of the isolates were found to be biofilm producers. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the present study showed Amoxicillin to be an ineffective drug for isolates from the IMDs. For the detection of biofilm production, TA method can be an economical and effective alternative to TCP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal,
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Bovicin HC5 and nisin reduce Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to polystyrene and change the hydrophobicity profile and Gibbs free energy of adhesion. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 190:1-8. [PMID: 25173449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen often multidrug-resistant that not only causes a variety of human diseases, but also is able to survive on biotic and abiotic surfaces through biofilm communities. The best way to inhibit biofilm establishment is to prevent cell adhesion. In the present study, subinhibitory concentrations of the bacteriocins bovicin HC5 and nisin were tested for their capability to interfere with the adhesion of S. aureus to polystyrene. Subinhibitory dosages of the bacteriocins reduced cell adhesion and this occurred probably due to changes in the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell and polystyrene surfaces. After treatment with bovicin HC5 and nisin, the surfaces became more hydrophilic and the free energy of adhesion (∆G(adhesion)) between bacteria and the polystyrene surface was unfavorable. The transcriptional level of selected genes was assessed by RT-qPCR approach, revealing that the bacteriocins affected the expression of some important biofilm associated genes (icaD, fnbA, and clfB) and rnaIII, which is involved in the quorum sensing mechanism. The conditioning of food-contact surfaces with bacteriocins can be an innovative and powerful strategy to prevent biofilms in the food industry. The results are relevant for food safety as they indicate that bovicin HC5 and nisin can inhibit bacterial adhesion and consequent biofilm establishment, since cell adhesion precedes biofilm formation.
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68
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Wojtyczka RD, Orlewska K, Kępa M, Idzik D, Dziedzic A, Mularz T, Krawczyk M, Miklasińska M, Wąsik TJ. Biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from a hospital environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:4619-33. [PMID: 24776724 PMCID: PMC4053877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110504619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hospital environment microflora comprise a wide variety of microorganisms which are more or less pathogenic and where staphylococci are one of the most common types. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the prevalence of the biofilm forming coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in a hospital environment as a risk factor for nosocomial infections. Among 122 isolated and tested strains of CoNS the most frequent were: S. epidermidis-32 strains, S. haemolyticus-31 strains, S. capitis subsp. capitis- 21 strains, S. hominis-11 strains, S. cohnii subsp. cohnii-nine strains. In case of CoNS, the main molecule responsible for intercellular adhesion is a polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), encoded on the ica gene operon. The analysis revealed the presence of the icaADBC operon genes in 46.88% of S. epidermidis isolates. IcaA and icaD were present in 34.38% and 28.13% of strains respectively while IcaC gene was present in 37.50% of strains. IcaB gene was found in 21.88% of S. epidermidis strains. In 15 (63%) strains all icaADBC operon genes were observed. The assessment of antibacterial drugs susceptibility demonstrated that analyzed CoNS strains were highly resistant to macrolides and lincosamides and more sensitive to rifampicin and linezolid. Our data indicates that the hospital environment can be colonized by biofilm forming coagulase-negative staphylococci and transmission of these strains can cause an increased risk of serious nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Kamila Orlewska
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kępa
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Danuta Idzik
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Mularz
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Michał Krawczyk
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Maria Miklasińska
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Tomasz J Wąsik
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Meriem L, Hafida H, Kaotar N, Samia B, Imene M, Ibtissem KT, Mohammed T. Detection of biofilm formation, icaADBC gene and investigation of toxin genes in Staphylococus spp. strain from dental unit waterlines, University Hospital Center (UHC) Tlemcen Algeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2013.6101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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70
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Pereira PMA, Binatti VB, Sued BPR, Ramos JN, Peixoto RS, Simões C, de Castro EA, Duarte JLMB, Vieira VV, Hirata R, Santos KRN, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Pereira JAA. Staphylococcus haemolyticus disseminated among neonates with bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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71
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Alasil SM, Omar R, Ismail S, Yusof MY, Dhabaan GN, Abdulla MA. Evidence of Bacterial Biofilms among Infected and Hypertrophied Tonsils in Correlation with the Microbiology, Histopathology, and Clinical Symptoms of Tonsillar Diseases. Int J Otolaryngol 2013; 2013:408238. [PMID: 24454384 PMCID: PMC3886491 DOI: 10.1155/2013/408238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the tonsils are becoming more resistant to antibiotics due to the persistence of bacteria through the formation of biofilms. Therefore, understanding the microbiology and pathophysiology of such diseases represent an important step in the management of biofilm-related infections. We have isolated the microorganisms, evaluated their antimicrobial susceptibility, and detected the presence of bacterial biofilms in tonsillar specimens in correlation with the clinical manifestations of tonsillar diseases. Therefore, a total of 140 palatine tonsils were collected from 70 patients undergoing tonsillectomy at University Malaya Medical Centre. The most recovered isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (39.65%) followed by Haemophilus influenzae (18.53%). There was high susceptibility against all selected antibiotics except for cotrimoxazole. Bacterial biofilms were detected in 60% of patients and a significant percentage of patients demonstrated infection manifestation rather than obstruction. In addition, an association between clinical symptoms like snore, apnea, nasal obstruction, and tonsillar hypertrophy was found to be related to the microbiology of tonsils particularly to the presence of biofilms. In conclusion, evidence of biofilms in tonsils in correlation with the demonstrated clinical symptoms explains the recalcitrant nature of tonsillar diseases and highlights the importance of biofilm's early detection and prevention towards better therapeutic management of biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Musbah Alasil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Omar
- Pantai Hospital Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salmah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yasim Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam N. Dhabaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Crémet L, Corvec S, Batard E, Auger M, Lopez I, Pagniez F, Dauvergne S, Caroff N. Comparison of three methods to study biofilm formation by clinical strains of Escherichia coli. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 75:252-5. [PMID: 23313082 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation seems to be a key factor in many bacterial infections, particularly those involving prosthetic implants or urinary catheters, where Escherichia coli is frequently involved. We have determined the ability to form biofilm in vitro of 34 E. coli isolates by 3 different methods (crystal violet staining, BioFilm Ring Test®, and resazurin assay) and tried to correlate biofilm production with phylogenetic background and with the presence of different genes involved in biofilm synthesis. Only 3 isolates (including positive control E. coli ATCC 25922) were classified as strong biofilm producers (1B1, 1D, and 1B2 = control) by the 3 methods, 2 isolates by 2 different methods, and 5 additional isolates by only 1 method. All isolates possessed the csgA gene belonging to the csgABC operon encoding curli, and its regulator csgD. By contrast, only 76% possessed pgaA gene which is part of the pgaABCD operon encoding a polysaccharide adhesin. Interestingly, one of the strong biofilm producers did not harbor pgaA. In the second part, we have selected 5 specific isolates to study the impact of various experimental conditions on biofilm formation. For all these isolates, biofilm production was decreased in anaerobiosis and increased in LB medium compared with brain heart infusion medium, but at various degrees for the different isolates. These results underline the problems encountered in comparing the different published studies using various methods to study biofilm formation in vitro and the great need of standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Crémet
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, Nantes Cedex 1, France
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DUMITRAŞCU DINUI, GEORGESCU ALEXANDRUV. The management of biofilm formation after hyaluronic acid gel filler injections: a review. CLUJUL MEDICAL (1957) 2013; 86:192-5. [PMID: 26527945 PMCID: PMC4462513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM One of the most popular procedures of facial fillers in recent years has become the use of hyaluronic acid (HA). However, this method may be associated with local side effects of different severity. Many of them are not due to allergies, as previously believed, but to the formation of biofilm. We review the current knowledge on biofilm after HA. METHODS All pertinent full text papers retrieved from PubMed under search words: "biofilm", "hyaluronic acid", "dermal fillers", "hyaluronic acid complications" and "hyaluronic acid side effects" were analyzed; 29 of 60 articles were selected fro analysis. RESULTS Local infections were reported: 13 cases are attributable to the activation of the biofilm. Clinical evolution is generally mild. Therapy should avoid NSAID and is based on the administration of antibiotics, oral corticosteroids, or 5-Flourouracil. Removal of HA with hyaluronidase has also been proposed. CONCLUSIONS The use of HA in cosmetic procedures might be accompanied by local adverse effects attributable to biofilm formation. This usually has a mild evolution, but in special cases requires specific therapy.
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Paenibacillus hemolyticus, the first hemolytic Paenibacillus with growth-promoting activities discovered. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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75
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Biofilm formation and presence of icaAD gene in clinical isolates of staphylococci. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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