51
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Sarkar N, Das B, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Arsenal of Phytochemicals to Combat Against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1230-1256. [PMID: 31813247 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Phytochemicals are important dietary constituents with antioxidant properties. They affect various signaling pathways involved in the overall maintenance of interior milieu of the cell. Arsenic, an environmental toxicant, is well known for its deleterious consequences, such as various diseases, including cancers in humans. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse that fuel all metabolic energy requirements. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to stressors may lead to abnormal functioning of the organelle, hampering the crucial cellular cross talks and ultimately leading to cancer. Application of phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial disorders may be a preventive measure to counteract the ruinous impacts of the metalloid. Recent Advances: In recent years, extensive research on the role of mitochondria in cancer gives a better understanding of the areas the organelle covers in maintaining a healthy cell or in inducing carcinogenicity. Detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial governances would enable researchers to administer numerous phytochemicals to ameliorate altered oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, glycolysis, or even apoptosis. Critical Issues: In this review, we have addressed how various phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes combat against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, depletion of MMP, cell cycle abrogation, apoptosis, glycolytic damages, oncogenic regulations, chaperones, mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial membrane pore formation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Future Directions: Insightful application of mitoprotective phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and carcinogenesis may guide researchers to develop preclinical chemopreventive agents to fight arsenic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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52
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Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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53
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Craig JE, Miller JN, Rayavarapu RR, Hong Z, Bulut GB, Zhuang W, Sakurada SM, Temirov J, Low JA, Chen T, Pruett-Miller SM, Huang LJS, Potts MB. MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 signaling promotes mitochondrial degradation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:107. [PMID: 33101709 PMCID: PMC7576125 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles that coordinate cellular energy homeostasis and have important roles in cell death. Therefore, the removal of damaged or excessive mitochondria is critical for maintaining proper cellular function. The PINK1-Parkin pathway removes acutely damaged mitochondria through a well-characterized mitophagy pathway, but basal mitochondrial turnover occurs via distinct and less well-understood mechanisms. Here we report that the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 kinase cascade is required for mitochondrial degradation in the absence of exogenous damage. We demonstrate that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 pathway increases mitochondrial content by reducing lysosome-mediated degradation of mitochondria under basal conditions. We show that the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 pathway plays a selective role in basal mitochondrial degradation but is not required for non-selective bulk autophagy, damage-induced mitophagy, or restraint of mitochondrial biogenesis. This illuminates the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 pathway as a positive regulator of mitochondrial degradation that acts independently of exogenous mitochondrial stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Craig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Joseph N Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Raju R Rayavarapu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 USA.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gamze B Bulut
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Sadie Miki Sakurada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Jamshid Temirov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Jonathan A Low
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
| | - Lily Jun-Shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 USA
| | - Malia B Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA
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54
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Novel approach to quantify mitochondrial content and intrinsic bioenergetic efficiency across organs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17599. [PMID: 33077793 PMCID: PMC7572412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human disease pathophysiology commonly involves metabolic disruption at both the cellular and subcellular levels. Isolated mitochondria are a powerful model for separating global cellular changes from intrinsic mitochondrial alterations. However, common laboratory practices for isolating mitochondria (e.g., differential centrifugation) routinely results in organelle preparations with variable mitochondrial purity. To overcome this issue, we developed a mass spectrometry-based method that quantitatively evaluates sample-specific percent mitochondrial enrichment. Sample-specific mitochondrial enrichment was then used to correct various biochemical readouts of mitochondrial function to a ‘fixed’ amount of mitochondrial protein, thus allowing for intrinsic mitochondrial bioenergetics, relative to the underlying proteome, to be assessed across multiple mouse tissues (e.g., heart, brown adipose, kidney, liver). Our results support the use of mitochondrial-targeted nLC-MS/MS as a method to quantitate mitochondrial enrichment on a per-sample basis, allowing for unbiased comparison of functional parameters between populations of mitochondria isolated from metabolically distinct tissues. This method can easily be applied across multiple experimental settings in which intrinsic shifts in the mitochondrial network are suspected of driving a given physiological or pathophysiological outcome.
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55
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Genovese I, Vezzani B, Danese A, Modesti L, Vitto VAM, Corazzi V, Pelucchi S, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Mitochondria as the decision makers for cancer cell fate: from signaling pathways to therapeutic strategies. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102308. [PMID: 33096320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As pivotal players in cellular metabolism, mitochondria have a double-faceted role in the final decision of cell fate. This is true for all cell types, but it is even more important and intriguing in the cancer setting. Mitochondria regulate cell fate in many diverse ways: through metabolism, by producing ATP and other metabolites deemed vital or detrimental for cancer cells; through the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, especially by the joint participation of the endoplasmic reticulum in a membranous tethering system for Ca2+ signaling called mitochondria-ER associated membranes (MAMs); and by regulating signaling pathways involved in the survival of cancer cells such as mitophagy. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria can also play a role in the regulation of inflammatory pathways in cancer cells, for example, through the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) involved in the activation of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway. In this review, we aim to explore the role of mitochondria as decision makers in fostering cancer cell death or survival depending on the tumor cell stage and describe novel anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bianca Vezzani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Virginia Corazzi
- ENT & Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Pelucchi
- ENT & Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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56
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Fan W, Song Y, Ren Z, Cheng X, Li P, Song H, Jia L. Glioma cells are resistant to inflammation‑induced alterations of mitochondrial dynamics. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1293-1306. [PMID: 33174046 PMCID: PMC7646598 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is present in solid tumors. However, it is poorly understood whether inflammation exists in glioma and how it affects the metabolic signature of glioma. By analyzing immunohistochemical data and gene expression data downloaded from bioinformatic datasets, the present study revealed an accumulation of inflammatory cells in glioma, activation of microglia, upregulation of proinflammatory factors (including IL-6, IL-8, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, STAT3, NF-κB1 and NF-κB2), destruction of mitochondrial structure and altered expression levels of electron transfer chain complexes and metabolic enzymes. By monitoring glioma cells following proinflammatory stimulation, the current study observed a remodeling of their mitochondrial network via mitochondrial fission. More than half of the mitochondria presented ring-shaped or spherical morphologies. Transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed mitochondrial swelling with partial or total cristolysis. Furthermore, proinflammatory stimuli resulted in increased generation of reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and reprogrammed metabolism. The defective mitochondria were not eliminated via mitophagy. However, cell viability was not affected, and apoptosis was decreased in glioma cells after proinflammatory stimuli. Overall, the present findings suggested that inflammation may be present in glioma and that glioma cells may be resistant to inflammation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wange Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Zongyao Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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57
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Macasoi I, Mioc A, Mioc M, Racoviceanu R, Soica I, Chevereșan A, Dehelean C, Dumitrașcu V. Targeting Mitochondria through the Use of Mitocans as Emerging Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5730-5757. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players with a multi-functional role in many vital cellular processes,
such as energy metabolism, redox regulation, calcium homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) as well as in cell signaling, survival and apoptosis. These functions are mainly regulated
through important enzyme signaling cascades, which if altered may influence the outcome of cell
viability and apoptosis. Therefore some of the key enzymes that are vital for these signaling pathways
are emerging as important targets for new anticancer agent development. Mitocans are compounds
aimed at targeting mitochondria in cancer cells by altering mitochondrial functions thus
causing cell growth inhibition or apoptosis. This review summarizes the till present known classes
of mitocans, their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic use in different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Irina Soica
- Earlscliffe Sixth Form, Earlscliffe, 29 Shorncliffe Road, Folkestone, CT20 2NB, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Chevereșan
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrașcu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
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58
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Topatana W, Juengpanich S, Li S, Cao J, Hu J, Lee J, Suliyanto K, Ma D, Zhang B, Chen M, Cai X. Advances in synthetic lethality for cancer therapy: cellular mechanism and clinical translation. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:118. [PMID: 32883316 PMCID: PMC7470446 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a lethal phenomenon in which the occurrence of a single genetic event is tolerable for cell survival, whereas the co-occurrence of multiple genetic events results in cell death. The main obstacle for synthetic lethality lies in the tumor biology heterogeneity and complexity, the inadequate understanding of synthetic lethal interactions, drug resistance, and the challenges regarding screening and clinical translation. Recently, DNA damage response inhibitors are being tested in various trials with promising results. This review will describe the current challenges, development, and opportunities for synthetic lethality in cancer therapy. The characterization of potential synthetic lethal interactions and novel technologies to develop a more effective targeted drug for cancer patients will be explored. Furthermore, this review will discuss the clinical development and drug resistance mechanisms of synthetic lethality in cancer therapy. The ultimate goal of this review is to guide clinicians at selecting patients that will receive the maximum benefits of DNA damage response inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Topatana
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sarun Juengpanich
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Diana Ma
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China. .,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China. .,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, No.3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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59
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Deng XY, Gan XX, Feng JH, Cai WS, Wang XQ, Shen L, Luo HT, Chen Z, Guo M, Cao J, Shen F, Xu B. ALDH5A1 acts as a tumour promoter and has a prognostic impact in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:317-325. [PMID: 32881051 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine carcinoma, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounting for 80%-90% of thyroid cancers. Accumulating studies reported that mitochondria plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. ALDH5A1, may function as an oncogene or tumour suppressor in various human cancers, and the role of ALDH5A1 in PTC is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of ALDH5A1 expression and its functions in PTC. In this present study, we studied ALDH5A1 expression on primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results showed that the levels of ALDH5A1 were found positively correlated with tumour stage, metastasis, lymph node stage, and higher levels of ALDH5A1 demonstrated poor disease-free survival (DFS). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that significantly higher expression of ALDH5A1 was found in PTC tissues. On the other hand, knockdown of ALDH5A1 significantly inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration and invasion detection found the migration and invasion of cells also were hindered when ALDH5A1 level was reduced. The knockdown of ALDH5A1 inhibited the expression of Vimentin and promoted the expression of E-cadherin. In brief, knockdown of ALDH5A1may act as a novel molecular target for the prevention and treatment of PTC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The present study focused on the role and the potential mechanism of ALDH5A1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. We demonstrated that reduced expression of ALDH5A1 might inhibit the progression of TC by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion and reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The findings ensured the interaction relation between ALDH5A1 and EMT in PTC, providing a novel biological marker for PTC and enriching the potential strategies for TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yan Deng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Gan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Song Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin-Quan Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong-Tu Luo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengli Guo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
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60
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Xiang K, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. Oncometabolites and the response to radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:197. [PMID: 32799884 PMCID: PMC7429799 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is applied in 45-60% of all cancer patients either alone or in multimodal therapy concepts comprising surgery, RT and chemotherapy. However, despite technical innovations approximately only 50% are cured, highlight a high medical need for innovation in RT practice. RT is a multidisciplinary treatment involving medicine and physics, but has always been successful in integrating emerging novel concepts from cancer and radiation biology for improving therapy outcome. Currently, substantial improvements are expected from integration of precision medicine approaches into RT concepts.Altered metabolism is an important feature of cancer cells and a driving force for malignant progression. Proper metabolic processes are essential to maintain and drive all energy-demanding cellular processes, e.g. repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Consequently, metabolic bottlenecks might allow therapeutic intervention in cancer patients.Increasing evidence now indicates that oncogenic activation of metabolic enzymes, oncogenic activities of mutated metabolic enzymes, or adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment can result in abnormal production of metabolites promoting cancer progression, e.g. 2-hyroxyglutarate (2-HG), succinate and fumarate, respectively. Interestingly, these so-called "oncometabolites" not only modulate cell signaling but also impact the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and RT, presumably by epigenetic modulation of DNA repair.Here we aimed to introduce the biological basis of oncometabolite production and of their actions on epigenetic regulation of DNA repair. Furthermore, the review will highlight innovative therapeutic opportunities arising from the interaction of oncometabolites with DNA repair regulation for specifically enhancing the therapeutic effects of genotoxic treatments including RT in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexu Xiang
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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61
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Pan Z, Tan C, Rao L, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Hao L, Ji L, Mao Z. Recoding the Cancer Epigenome by Intervening in Metabolism and Iron Homeostasis with Mitochondria‐Targeted Rhenium(I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Cai‐Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Lu‐Si Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Zong‐Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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62
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Pan ZY, Tan CP, Rao LS, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Hao L, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Recoding the Cancer Epigenome by Intervening in Metabolism and Iron Homeostasis with Mitochondria-Targeted Rhenium(I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18755-18762. [PMID: 32634290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and malignancy of cancer cells are closely related to the changes of the epigenome. In this work, a mitochondria-targeted rhenium(I) complex (DFX-Re3), integrating the clinical iron chelating agent deferasirox (DFX), has been designed. By relocating iron to the mitochondria and changing the key metabolic species related to epigenetic modifications, DFX-Re3 can elevate the methylation levels of histone, DNA, and RNA. As a consequence, DFX-Re3 affects the events related to apoptosis, RNA polymerases, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. Finally, it is shown that DFX-Re3 induces immunogenic apoptotic cell death and exhibits potent antitumor activity in vivo. This study provides a new approach for the design of novel epigenetic drugs that can recode the cancer epigenome by intervening in mitochondrial metabolism and iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Si Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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63
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Cai Z, Deng Y, Ye J, Zhuo Y, Liu Z, Liang Y, Zhang H, Zhu X, Luo Y, Feng Y, Liu R, Chen G, Wu Y, Han Z, Liang Y, Jiang F, Zhong W. Aberrant Expression of Citrate Synthase is Linked to Disease Progression and Clinical Outcome in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6149-6163. [PMID: 32801864 PMCID: PMC7398875 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s255817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Citrate synthase (CS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the citrate cycle and is capable of catalyzing oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to citrate. CS has been uncovered to be upregulated in a variety of cancers, and its expression and clinical significance in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unknown. Methods In this study, we examined the association between CS expression level and clinicopathological features of prostate cancer patients in a TMA cohort and the public cancer database (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Prostate Adenocarcinoma, TCGA-PRAD). The CS knockdown cell lines were constructed to study the effects of CS downregulation on proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of prostate cancer cells in vitro. And the effect of CS downregulation on tumor growth in mice was studied in vivo. In addition, the metabolomics and mitochondrial function were detected in the CS knockdown cell lines. Results CS expression level in PCa tissues was higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.05). CS upregulation was significantly associated with high Gleason score (P < 0.05), advanced pathological stage (P < 0.001), and biochemical recurrence (P < 0.001). Functionally, decreased expression of CS inhibited PCa cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and cell cycle in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, CS downregulation exerted potential inhibitory effects on the lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function of PCa cells. Conclusion In conclusion, these findings suggested that CS upregulation may contribute to the aggressive progression and poor prognosis of PCa patients, which might be partially associated with its influences on the cell lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiduan Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianheng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongding Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaodong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Funeng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China.,Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
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64
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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65
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Sánchez-González C, Nuevo-Tapioles C, Herrero Martín JC, Pereira MP, Serrano Sanz S, Ramírez de Molina A, Cuezva JM, Formentini L. Dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation shunts branched-chain amino acid catabolism onto lipogenesis in skeletal muscle. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103812. [PMID: 32488939 PMCID: PMC7360968 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is controversial whether mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is the cause or consequence of metabolic disorders. Herein, we demonstrate that in vivo inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase in muscle alters whole‐body lipid homeostasis. Mice with restrained mitochondrial ATP synthase activity presented intrafiber lipid droplets, dysregulation of acyl‐glycerides, and higher visceral adipose tissue deposits, poising these animals to insulin resistance. This mitochondrial energy crisis increases lactate production, prevents fatty acid β‐oxidation, and forces the catabolism of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) to provide acetyl‐CoA for de novo lipid synthesis. In turn, muscle accumulation of acetyl‐CoA leads to acetylation‐dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex II enhancing oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction which results in augmented ROS production. By screening 702 FDA‐approved drugs, we identified edaravone as a potent mitochondrial antioxidant and enhancer. Edaravone administration restored ROS and lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle and reinstated insulin sensitivity. Our results suggest that muscular mitochondrial perturbations are causative of metabolic disorders and that edaravone is a potential treatment for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cruz Herrero Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P Pereira
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Serrano Sanz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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66
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Mick E, Titov DV, Skinner OS, Sharma R, Jourdain AA, Mootha VK. Distinct mitochondrial defects trigger the integrated stress response depending on the metabolic state of the cell. eLife 2020; 9:e49178. [PMID: 32463360 PMCID: PMC7255802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) but the underlying triggers remain unclear. We systematically combined acute mitochondrial inhibitors with genetic tools for compartment-specific NADH oxidation to trace mechanisms linking different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction to the ISR in proliferating mouse myoblasts and in differentiated myotubes. In myoblasts, we find that impaired NADH oxidation upon electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition depletes asparagine, activating the ISR via the eIF2α kinase GCN2. In myotubes, however, impaired NADH oxidation following ETC inhibition neither depletes asparagine nor activates the ISR, reflecting an altered metabolic state. ATP synthase inhibition in myotubes triggers the ISR via a distinct mechanism related to mitochondrial inner-membrane hyperpolarization. Our work dispels the notion of a universal path linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the ISR, instead revealing multiple paths that depend both on the nature of the mitochondrial defect and on the metabolic state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Mick
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Denis V Titov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Broad InstituteCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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67
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van Gisbergen MW, Offermans K, Voets AM, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Hoffmann RF, Dubois LJ, Lambin P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced HIF-1α Stabilization and Expression of Its Downstream Targets. Front Oncol 2020; 10:770. [PMID: 32509579 PMCID: PMC7248342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA variations often result in bioenergetic dysfunction inducing a metabolic switch toward glycolysis resulting in an unbalanced pH homeostasis. In hypoxic cells, expression of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is enhanced to maintain cellular pH homeostasis. We hypothesized that cells with a dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation machinery display elevated CAIX expression levels. Increased glycolysis was observed for cytoplasmic 143B mutant hybrid (m.3243A>G, >94.5%) cells (p < 0.05) and 143B mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleted cells (p < 0.05). Upon hypoxia (0.2%, 16 h), genetic or pharmacological oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition resulted in decreased CAIX (p < 0.05), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) levels could not explain these observations. In vivo, tumor take (>500 mm3) took longer for mutant hybrid xenografts, but growth rates were comparable with control tumors upon establishment. Previously, it has been shown that HIF-1α is responsible for tumor establishment. In agreement, we found that HIF-1α expression levels and the pimonidazole-positive hypoxic fraction were reduced for the mutant hybrid xenografts. Our results demonstrate that OXPHOS dysfunction leads to a decreased HIF-1α stabilization and subsequently to a reduced expression of its downstream targets and hypoxic fraction in vivo. In contrast, hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α) expression levels in these xenografts were enhanced. Inhibition of mitochondrial function is therefore an interesting approach to increase therapeutic efficacy in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - An M Voets
- Department of Clinical Genomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasja G Lieuwes
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roland F Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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68
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Abstract
The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent times, the scientific community indeed focused on constitutive glycolysis as a hallmark of cancer cells, which it is not, largely ignoring the contribution of mitochondria to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells, being Warburgian or merely adapted to hypoxia. In this review, we highlight that mitochondria are not only powerhouses in some cancer cells, but also dynamic regulators of life, death, proliferation, motion and stemness in other types of cancer cells. Similar to the cells that host them, mitochondria are capable to adapt to tumoral conditions, and probably to evolve to ‘oncogenic mitochondria' capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells. In the wider quest of metabolic modulators of cancer, treatments have already been identified targeting mitochondria in cancer cells, but the field is still in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tânia Capelôa
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine A Van de Velde
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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69
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Cassim S, Vučetić M, Ždralević M, Pouyssegur J. Warburg and Beyond: The Power of Mitochondrial Metabolism to Collaborate or Replace Fermentative Glycolysis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051119. [PMID: 32365833 PMCID: PMC7281550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining hallmark of tumor phenotypes is uncontrolled cell proliferation, while fermentative glycolysis has long been considered as one of the major metabolic pathways that allows energy production and provides intermediates for the anabolic growth of cancer cells. Although such a vision has been crucial for the development of clinical imaging modalities, it has become now evident that in contrast to prior beliefs, mitochondria play a key role in tumorigenesis. Recent findings demonstrated that a full genetic disruption of the Warburg effect of aggressive cancers does not suppress but instead reduces tumor growth. Tumor growth then relies exclusively on functional mitochondria. Besides having fundamental bioenergetic functions, mitochondrial metabolism indeed provides appropriate building blocks for tumor anabolism, controls redox balance, and coordinates cell death. Hence, mitochondria represent promising targets for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Here, after revisiting the long-standing Warburg effect from a historic and dynamic perspective, we review the role of mitochondria in cancer with particular attention to the cancer cell-intrinsic/extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of tumorigenesis, and briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
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70
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Fan Z, Li L, Li X, Zhang M, Dou M, Zhao J, Cao J, Deng X, Zhang M, Li H, Suo Z. Anti-senescence role of heterozygous fumarate hydratase gene knockout in rat lung fibroblasts in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:573-589. [PMID: 30668541 PMCID: PMC6366963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function were related to a variety of pathological processes. Fumarate hydratase (FH) is a required enzyme in the TCA cycle. To explore the general influence of FH knockout, we isolated FH+/- rat and normal rat lung fibroblasts and cultured these cells in vitro. The isolated fibroblasts with the current method were rather homogeneous and were confirmed spindle in morphology, positive for vimentin and negative for α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). Sequencing of the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products flanking the FH gene mutation verified the FH+/- status, and the FH gene and protein expression were confirmed to be reduced in the FH+/- cells. No sign of ageing for the FH+/- cells after 61 passages was observed, but the controls died out at this stage. Flow cytometry revealed increased S-phase and decreased G1/G0 proportions with significantly less early apoptosis in FH+/- cells compared to that in control cells. At the same time, increased glucose consumption, intracellular fumarate production and extracellular lactate secretion were verified in the FH+/- cells. Correspondingly, FH+/- cells showed a lower basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) but a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Single cell cloning and cell line establishment were successfully performed with the FH+/- cells at the 84th passage. All the above results indicate an important role for FH+/- in the longevity or immortality of the FH+/- cells, in which increased p53 and TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) protein expression, decreased p21 and p16 protein expression and negative SA-β-Gal (senescence-associated beta-galactosidase) were verified along with metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Dou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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71
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Läsche M, Emons G, Gründker C. Shedding New Light on Cancer Metabolism: A Metabolic Tightrope Between Life and Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:409. [PMID: 32300553 PMCID: PMC7145406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest findings of Otto Warburg, who discovered the first metabolic differences between lactate production of cancer cells and non-malignant tissues in the 1920s, much time has passed. He explained the increased lactate levels with dysfunctional mitochondria and aerobic glycolysis despite adequate oxygenation. Meanwhile, we came to know that mitochondria remain instead functional in cancer cells; hence, metabolic drift, rather than being linked to dysfunctional mitochondria, was found to be an active act of direct response of cancer cells to cell proliferation and survival signals. This metabolic drift begins with the use of sugars and the full oxidative phosphorylation via the mitochondrial respiratory chain to form CO2, and it then leads to the formation of lactic acid via partial oxidation. In addition to oncogene-driven metabolic reprogramming, the oncometabolites themselves alter cell signaling and are responsible for differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells. The aberrant metabolism is now considered a major characteristic of cancer within the past 15 years. However, the proliferating anabolic growth of a tumor and its spread to distal sites of the body is not explainable by altered glucose metabolism alone. Since a tumor consists of malignant cells and its tumor microenvironment, it was important for us to understand the bilateral interactions between the primary tumor and its microenvironment and the processes underlying its successful metastasis. We here describe the main metabolic pathways and their implications in tumor progression and metastasis. We also portray that metabolic flexibility determines the fate of the cancer cell and ultimately the patient. This flexibility must be taken into account when deciding on a therapy, since singular cancer therapies only shift the metabolism to a different alternative path and create resistance to the medication used. As with Otto Warburg in his days, we primarily focused on the metabolism of mitochondria when dealing with this scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Läsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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72
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Liu Q, Lin D, Li M, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Evidence of Neutral Evolution of Mitochondrial DNA in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2909-2916. [PMID: 31599941 PMCID: PMC6804334 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) might be functionally associated with tumor genesis and development. Although the heterogeneity of tumors is well known, most studies were based on the analysis of a single tumor sample. The extent of mtDNA diversity in the same tumor is unclear, as is whether the diversity is influenced by selection pressure. Here, we analyzed the whole exon data from 1 nontumor sample and 23 tumor samples from different locations of one single tumor tissue from a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient. Among 18 heteroplasmic sites identified in the tumor, only 2 heteroplasmies were shared among all tumor samples. By investigating the correlations between the occurrence and frequency of heteroplasmy (Het) and sampling locations (Coordinate), relative mitochondrial copy numbers, and single-nucleotide variants in the nuclear genome, we found that the Coordinate was significantly correlated with Het, suggesting no strong purifying selection or positive selection acted on the mtDNA in HCC. By further investigating the allele frequency and proportion of nonsynonymous mutations in the tumor mtDNA, we found that mtDNA in HCC did not undergo extra selection compared with mtDNA in the adjacent nontumor tissue, and they both likely evolved under neutral selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deng Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Yiqiang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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73
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Cardoso AMS, Sousa M, Morais CM, Oancea-Castillo LR, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Rebelo O, Tão H, Barbosa M, Pedroso MCDL, Jurado AS. MiR-144 overexpression as a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome glioblastoma cell invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2738-2751. [PMID: 31087038 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and common form of primary brain tumor, characterized by fast proliferation, high invasion, and resistance to current standard treatment. The average survival rate post-diagnosis is only of 14.6 months, despite the aggressive standard post-surgery treatment approaches of radiotherapy concomitant with chemotherapy with temozolomide. Altered cell metabolism has been identified as an emerging cancer hallmark, including in GB, thus offering a new target for cancer therapies. On the other hand, abnormal expression levels of miRNAs, key regulators of multiple molecular pathways, have been correlated with pathological manifestations of cancer, such as chemoresistance, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. In this work, we hypothesized that gene therapy based on modulation of a miRNA with aberrant expression in GB and predicted to target crucial metabolic enzymes might impair tumor cell metabolism. We found that the increase of miR-144 levels, shown to be downregulated in U87 and DBTRG human GB cell lines, as well as in GB tumor samples, promoted the downregulation of mRNA of enzymes involved in bioenergetic pathways, with consequent alterations in cell metabolism, impairment of migratory capacity, and sensitization of DBTRG cells to a chemotherapeutic drug, the dichloroacetate (DCA). Taken together, our findings provide evidence that the miR-144 plus DCA combined therapy holds promise to overcome GB-acquired chemoresistance, therefore deserving to be explored toward its potential application as a complementary therapeutic approach to the current treatment options for this type of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M S Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Madalena Sousa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Morais
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana R Oancea-Castillo
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurology Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hermínio Tão
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Amália S Jurado
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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74
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Fan S, Price T, Huang W, Plue M, Warren J, Sundaramoorthy P, Paul B, Feinberg D, MacIver N, Chao N, Sipkins D, Kang Y. PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy Regulates the Migration and Homing of Multiple Myeloma Cells via the MOB1B-Mediated Hippo-YAP/TAZ Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1900860. [PMID: 32154065 PMCID: PMC7055555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. The effects of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-dependent mitophagy on the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) are determined. The levels of the PINK1-dependent mitophagy markers PINK1 and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2) in CD138+ plasma cells are reduced in patients with MM and correlate with clinical outcomes in myeloma patients. Moreover, the induction of PINK1-dependent mitophagy with carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) or salinomycin, or overexpression of PINK1 leads to inhibition of transwell migration, suppression of myeloma cell homing to calvarium, and decreased osteolytic bone lesions. Furthermore, genetic deletion of pink1 accelerates myeloma development in a spontaneous X-box binding protein-1 spliced isoform (XBP-1s) transgenic myeloma mouse model and in VK*MYC transplantable myeloma recipient mice. Additionally, treatment with salinomycin shows significant antimyeloma activities in vivo in murine myeloma xenograft models. Finally, the effects of PINK1-dependent mitophagy on myeloma pathogenesis are driven by the activation of the Mps one binder kinase activator (MOB1B)-mediated Hippo pathway and the subsequent downregulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) expression. These data provide direct evidence that PINK1-dependent mitophagy plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of MM and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Fan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Trevor Price
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Michelle Plue
- Shared Materials Instrumentation FacilityPratt School of EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | | | - Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Barry Paul
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Daniel Feinberg
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | | | - Nelson Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Dorothy Sipkins
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular TherapyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
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75
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Salazar C, Yañez O, Elorza AA, Cortes N, García-Beltrán O, Tiznado W, Ruiz LM. Biosystem Analysis of the Hypoxia Inducible Domain Family Member 2A: Implications in Cancer Biology. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020206. [PMID: 32085461 PMCID: PMC7074167 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of HIGD2A is dependent on oxygen levels, glucose concentration, and cell cycle progression. This gene encodes for protein HIG2A, found in mitochondria and the nucleus, promoting cell survival in hypoxic conditions. The genomic location of HIGD2A is in chromosome 5q35.2, where several chromosomal abnormalities are related to numerous cancers. The analysis of high definition expression profiles of HIGD2A suggests a role for HIG2A in cancer biology. Accordingly, the research objective was to perform a molecular biosystem analysis of HIGD2A aiming to discover HIG2A implications in cancer biology. For this purpose, public databases such as SWISS-MODEL protein structure homology-modelling server, Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), MethHC: a database of DNA methylation and gene expression in human cancer, and microRNA-target interactions database (miRTarBase) were accessed. We also evaluated, by using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression of Higd2a gene in healthy bone marrow-liver-spleen tissues of mice after quercetin (50 mg/kg) treatment. Thus, among the structural features of HIG2A protein that may participate in HIG2A translocation to the nucleus are an importin α-dependent nuclear localization signal (NLS), a motif of DNA binding residues and a probable SUMOylating residue. HIGD2A gene is not implicated in cancer via mutation. In addition, DNA methylation and mRNA expression of HIGD2A gene present significant alterations in several cancers; HIGD2A gene showed significant higher expression in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Hypoxic tissues characterize the “bone marrow-liver-spleen” DLBCL type. The relative quantification, by using qRT-PCR, showed that Higd2a expression is higher in bone marrow than in the liver or spleen. In addition, it was observed that quercetin modulated the expression of Higd2a gene in mice. As an assembly factor of mitochondrial respirasomes, HIG2A might be unexpectedly involved in the change of cellular energetics happening in cancer. As a result, it is worth continuing to explore the role of HIGD2A in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Salazar
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (O.Y.); (W.T.)
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Natalie Cortes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia; (N.C.); (O.G.-B.)
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia; (N.C.); (O.G.-B.)
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; (O.Y.); (W.T.)
| | - Lina María Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2303-6662
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76
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Payen VL, Zampieri LX, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. Pro- and antitumor effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:189-203. [PMID: 30820778 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, mitochondrial functions are commonly altered. Directly involved in metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial plasticity confers to cancer cells a high degree of adaptability to a wide range of stresses and to the harsh tumor microenvironment. Lack of nutrients or oxygen caused by altered perfusion, metabolic needs of proliferating cells, co-option of the microenvironment, control of the immune system, cell migration and metastasis, and evasion of exogenous stress (e.g., chemotherapy) are all, at least in part, influenced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are undoubtedly one of the key contributors to cancer development and progression. Understanding their protumoral (dys)functions may pave the way to therapeutic strategies capable of turning them into innocent entities. Here, we will focus on the production and detoxification of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), on their impact on tumorigenesis (genetic, prosurvival, and microenvironmental effects and their involvement in autophagy), and on tumor metastasis. We will also summarize the latest therapeutic approaches involving mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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77
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Malik Z. Fundamentals of 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and diagnosis: An overview. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Malik
- Faculty of Life ScienceBar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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78
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Cancer Biology and Carcinogenesis: Fundamental Biological Processes and How They Are Deranged in Oral Cancer. TEXTBOOK OF ORAL CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32316-5_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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79
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Ciccarone F, Di Leo L, Lazzarino G, Maulucci G, Di Giacinto F, Tavazzi B, Ciriolo MR. Aconitase 2 inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells promoting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ROS/FoxO1-mediated autophagic response. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:182-193. [PMID: 31819175 PMCID: PMC7051954 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) due to mutations in specific enzymes or defective aerobic metabolism is associated with tumour growth. Aconitase 2 (ACO2) participates in the TCA cycle by converting citrate to isocitrate, but no evident demonstrations of its involvement in cancer metabolism have been provided so far. Methods Biochemical assays coupled with molecular biology, in silico, and cellular tools were applied to circumstantiate the impact of ACO2 in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 metabolism. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of NADH was used to corroborate the changes in bioenergetics. Results We showed that ACO2 levels are decreased in breast cancer cell lines and human tumour biopsies. We generated ACO2- overexpressing MCF-7 cells and employed comparative analyses to identify metabolic adaptations. We found that increased ACO2 expression impairs cell proliferation and commits cells to redirect pyruvate to mitochondria, which weakens Warburg-like bioenergetic features. We also demonstrated that the enhancement of oxidative metabolism was supported by mitochondrial biogenesis and FoxO1-mediated autophagy/mitophagy that sustains the increased ROS burst. Conclusions This work identifies ACO2 as a relevant gene in cancer metabolic rewiring of MCF-7 cells, promoting a different utilisation of pyruvate and revealing the potential metabolic vulnerability of ACO2-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy. .,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, Rome, 00163, Italy.
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80
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Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Aberrant mitochondrial function in ageing and cancer. Biogerontology 2019; 21:445-459. [PMID: 31802313 PMCID: PMC7347693 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism have been described as one of the major hallmarks of both ageing cells and cancer. Age is the biggest risk factor for the development of a significant number of cancer types and this therefore raises the question of whether there is a link between age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and the advantageous changes in mitochondrial metabolism prevalent in cancer cells. A common underlying feature of both ageing and cancer cells is the presence of somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) which we postulate may drive compensatory alterations in mitochondrial metabolism that are advantageous for tumour growth. In this review, we discuss basic mitochondrial functions, mechanisms of mtDNA mutagenesis and their metabolic consequences, and review the evidence for and against a role for mtDNA mutations in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Whitehall
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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81
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging and Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111983. [PMID: 31731601 PMCID: PMC6912717 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for developing cancer, suggesting that these two events may represent two sides of the same coin. It is becoming clear that some mechanisms involved in the aging process are shared with tumorigenesis, through convergent or divergent pathways. Increasing evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in promoting aging and in supporting tumorigenesis and cancer progression to a metastatic phenotype. Here, a summary of the current knowledge of three aspects of mitochondrial biology that link mitochondria to aging and cancer is presented. In particular, the focus is on mutations and changes in content of the mitochondrial genome, activation of mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling and the newly discovered mitochondria-telomere communication.
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82
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Sun H, Zhang C, Cao S, Sheng T, Dong N, Xu Y. Fenton reactions drive nucleotide and ATP syntheses in cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:448-459. [PMID: 30016460 PMCID: PMC6231523 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a computational study of tissue transcriptomic data of 14 cancer types to address: what may drive cancer cell division? Our analyses point to that persistent disruption of the intracellular pH by Fenton reactions may be at the root of cancer development. Specifically, we have statistically demonstrated that Fenton reactions take place in cancer cytosol and mitochondria across all the 14 cancer types, based on cancer tissue gene-expression data integrated via the Michaelis-Menten equation. In addition, we have shown that (i) Fenton reactions in cytosol of the disease cells will continuously increase their pH, to which the cells respond by generating net protons to keep the pH stable through a combination of synthesizing glycolytic ATPs and consuming them by nucleotide syntheses, which may drive cell division to rid of the continuously synthesized nucleotides; and (ii) Fenton reactions in mitochondria give rise to novel ways for ATP synthesis with electrons ultimately coming from H2O2, largely originated from immune cells. A model is developed to link these to cancer development, where some mutations may be selected to facilitate cell division at rates dictated by Fenton reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Tao Sheng
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Ning Dong
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, GA, USA.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, GA, USA.,School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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83
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Goudarzi A. The recent insights into the function of ACAT1: A possible anti-cancer therapeutic target. Life Sci 2019; 232:116592. [PMID: 31228515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase also known as acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) corresponds to two enzymes, one cytosolic (ACAT2) and one mitochondrial (ACAT1), which is thought to catalyse reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA during ketogenesis and ketolysis respectively. In addition to this activity, ACAT1 is also involved in isoleucine degradation pathway. Deficiency of ACAT1 is an inherited metabolic disorder, which results from a defect in mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity and is clinically characterized with patients presenting ketoacidosis. In this review I discuss the recent findings, which unexpectedly expand the known functions of ACAT1, indicating a role for ACAT1 well beyond its classical activity. Indeed ACAT1 has recently been shown to possess an acetyltransferase activity capable of specifically acetylating Pyruvate DeHydrogenase (PDH), an enzyme involved in producing acetyl-CoA. ACAT1-dependent acetylation of PDH was shown to negatively regulate this enzyme with a consequence in Warburg effect and tumor growth. Finally, the elevated ACAT1 enzyme activity in diverse human cancer cell lines was recently reported. These important novel findings on ACAT1's function and expression in cancer cell proliferation point to ACAT1 as a potential new anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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84
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Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer. A Tangled Topic. Which Role for Proteomics? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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85
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Dorababu A. Recent Advances in Nanoformulated Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery (2015‐2019). ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, Ballari (Dt), Karnataka India – 583219
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86
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Abstract
Perturbed mitochondrial bioenergetics constitute a core pillar of cancer-associated metabolic dysfunction. While mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer may result from myriad biochemical causes, a historically neglected source is that of the mitochondrial genome. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts and clinical studies have highlighted the prevalence of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human tumours and their potential roles in cancer progression. In this review we discuss the biology of the mitochondrial genome, sources of mtDNA mutations, and experimental evidence of a role for mtDNA mutations in cancer. We also propose a ‘metabolic licensing’ model for mtDNA mutation-derived dysfunction in cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam A Gammage
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK.
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87
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Saatchi F, Kirchmaier AL. Tolerance of DNA Replication Stress Is Promoted by Fumarate Through Modulation of Histone Demethylation and Enhancement of Replicative Intermediate Processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2019; 212:631-654. [PMID: 31123043 PMCID: PMC6614904 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumarase is a well-characterized TCA cycle enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fumarate to malate. In mammals, fumarase acts as a tumor suppressor, and loss-of-function mutations in the FH gene in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer result in the accumulation of intracellular fumarate-an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Fumarase promotes DNA repair by nonhomologous end joining in mammalian cells through interaction with the histone variant H2A.Z, and inhibition of KDM2B, a H3 K36-specific histone demethylase. Here, we report that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fumarase, Fum1p, acts as a response factor during DNA replication stress, and fumarate enhances survival of yeast lacking Htz1p (H2A.Z in mammals). We observed that exposure to DNA replication stress led to upregulation as well as nuclear enrichment of Fum1p, and raising levels of fumarate in cells via deletion of FUM1 or addition of exogenous fumarate suppressed the sensitivity to DNA replication stress of htz1Δ mutants. This suppression was independent of modulating nucleotide pool levels. Rather, our results are consistent with fumarate conferring resistance to DNA replication stress in htz1Δ mutants by inhibiting the H3 K4-specific histone demethylase Jhd2p, and increasing H3 K4 methylation. Although the timing of checkpoint activation and deactivation remained largely unaffected by fumarate, sensors and mediators of the DNA replication checkpoint were required for fumarate-dependent resistance to replication stress in the htz1Δ mutants. Together, our findings imply metabolic enzymes and metabolites aid in processing replicative intermediates by affecting chromatin modification states, thereby promoting genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Saatchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Ann L Kirchmaier
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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88
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Røsland GV, Dyrstad SE, Tusubira D, Helwa R, Tan TZ, Lotsberg ML, Pettersen IKN, Berg A, Kindt C, Hoel F, Jacobsen K, Arason AJ, Engelsen AST, Ditzel HJ, Lønning PE, Krakstad C, Thiery JP, Lorens JB, Knappskog S, Tronstad KJ. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with attenuation of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in breast cancer through reduced expression of SDHC. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 31164982 PMCID: PMC6544948 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-characterized process of cell plasticity that may involve metabolic rewiring. In cancer, EMT is associated with malignant progression, tumor heterogeneity, and therapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as a potential key regulator of EMT. METHODS Associations between SDH subunits and EMT were explored in gene expression data from breast cancer patient cohorts, followed by in-depth studies of SDH suppression as a potential mediator of EMT in cultured cells. RESULTS We found an overall inverse association between EMT and the SDH subunit C (SDHC) when analyzing gene expression in breast tumors. This was particularly evident in carcinomas of basal-like molecular subtype compared to non-basal-like tumors, and a low SDHC expression level tended to have a prognostic impact in those patients. Studies in cultured cells revealed that EMT was induced by SDH inhibition through SDHC CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown or by the enzymatic inhibitor malonate. Conversely, overexpression of EMT-promoting transcription factors TWIST and SNAI2 caused decreased levels of SDHB and C and reduced rates of SDH-linked mitochondrial respiration. Cells overexpressing TWIST had reduced mitochondrial mass, and the organelles were thinner and more fragmented compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that downregulation of SDHC promotes EMT and that this is accompanied by structural remodeling of the mitochondrial organelles. This may confer survival benefits upon exposure to hostile microenvironment including oxidative stress and hypoxia during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro V. Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Reham Helwa
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria L. Lotsberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anna Berg
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charlotte Kindt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Hoel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirstine Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ari J. Arason
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Agnete S. T. Engelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Per E. Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean P. Thiery
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Biomedical Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Inserm Unit 1186 Comprehensive Cancer Center Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James B. Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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89
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Blandino G, Valenti F, Sacconi A, Di Agostino S. Wild type- and mutant p53 proteins in mitochondrial dysfunction: emerging insights in cancer disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:105-117. [PMID: 31112799 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated cell metabolism is one of the cancer hallmarks. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and enzyme defects, aberrant tumor suppressor or oncogenic activities cause mitochondrial dysfunction leading to deregulated cellular energetics. The tumor suppressor protein, p53 is a tetrameric transcription factor that in response to diverse genotoxic and non-genotoxic insults activates a plethora of target genes to preserve genome integrity. In the last two decades the discovery of cytoplasmic p53 localization focused intense research on its extra-nuclear functions. The ability of p53 to induce apoptosis acting directly at mitochondria and the related mechanisms of p53 localization and translocation in the cytoplasm have been investigated. A role of cytoplasmic p53 in autophagy, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, and drug response has been proposed. TP53 gene is mutated in more than half of human cancers. In parallel to loss of tumor suppressive functions, mutant p53 proteins often gain new tumorigenic activities (GOF, gain of function). It has been recently shown that mutant p53 proteins mediate metabolic changes thereby promoting cancer development and metastases. Here we review the contribution of either wild-type p53 or mutant p53 proteins to the fine-tuning of mitochondrial metabolism of both normal and cancer cells. Greater knowledge at the mechanistic level might provide insights to develop new cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy.
| | - Fabio Valenti
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy.
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90
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Verovskaya EV, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Losing Sense of Self and Surroundings: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Leukemic Transformation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:494-515. [PMID: 31109796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to functional decline of the hematopoietic system, manifested by an increased incidence of hematological disease in the elderly. Deterioration of hematopoietic integrity with age originates in part from the degraded functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we review recent findings identifying changes in metabolic programs and loss of epigenetic identity as major drivers of old HSC dysfunction and their role in promoting leukemia onset in the context of age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). We discuss how inflammatory and growth signals from the aged bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contribute to cell-intrinsic HSC aging phenotypes and favor leukemia development. Finally, we address how metabolic, epigenetic, and inflammatory pathways could be targeted to enhance old HSC fitness and prevent leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V Verovskaya
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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91
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Antoniou SX, Gaude E, Ruparel M, van der Schee MP, Janes SM, Rintoul RC. The potential of breath analysis to improve outcome for patients with lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:034002. [PMID: 30822771 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab0bee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer related death in both the UK and USA. Development of diagnostic approaches that have the ability to detect lung cancer early are a research priority with potential to improve survival. Analysis of exhaled breath metabolites, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an area of considerable interest as it could fulfil such requirements. Numerous studies have shown that VOC profiles are different in the breath of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals or those with non-malignant lung diseases. This review provides a scientific and clinical assessment of the potential value of a breath test in lung cancer. It discusses the current understanding of metabolic pathways that contribute to exhaled VOC production in lung cancer and reviews the research conducted to date. Finally, we highlight important areas for future research and discuss how a breath test could be incorporated into various clinical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Antoniou
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Equal contribution
| | - E Gaude
- Owlstone Medical, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Equal contribution
| | - M Ruparel
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - S M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R C Rintoul
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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92
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Nazar E, Khatami F, Saffar H, Tavangar SM. The Emerging Role of Succinate Dehyrogenase Genes (SDHx) in Tumorigenesis. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:72-82. [PMID: 31372201 PMCID: PMC6660475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of a normal cell to cancerous one is dependent on the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic alterations. One of the candidate driver genetic alterations can happen in succinate dehydrogenases (SDHx) coding gene include SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, and SDHAF2. The most important SDH mutation is in the SDHD gene, which encodes the smallest subunit of mitochondrial complex II (SDH). It has key function both in familial and non-familial hereditary paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma syndrome (HPGL/PCC). SDHx genes mutations can have resulted in genetic and epigenetic changes like histone hypermethylation. These properties can lead to succinate-mediated inhibition of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. So hypoxic conditions can generate subsequent neoplastic transformation, and in this review, we are presenting the role of SDHx in several malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nazar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiva Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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93
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Zhang G, Li L, Shi Z, Yang Y, Wu Y, Song H, Long J, Lu X, Zeng S, Qin J, Sun H, Chen Z, Liang H, Peng Y. Mitochondrion-Targeting Identification of a Fluorescent Apoptosis-Triggering Molecule by Mass Spectrometry Elucidates Drug Tracking. Chembiochem 2019; 20:778-784. [PMID: 30499207 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The real-time tracking of localization and dynamics of small molecules in organelles helps to understand their function and identification of their potential targets at subcellular resolution. To identify the mitochondrion-targeting effects of small molecules (NA-17 and NA-2a) in cancer cells, we used mass spectrometry to study their distribution and accumulation in mitochondria and in the surrounding cytoplasm thus enabling tracing of action processes of therapeutic compounds. Colocalization analysis with the aid of imaging agents suggests that both NA-17 and NA-2a display mitochondrion-targeting effects. However, MS analysis reveals that only NA-2a displays both a mitochondrion-targeting effect and an accumulation effect, whereas NA-17 only distributes in the surrounding cytoplasm. A combination of mitochondrion imaging, immunoblotting, and MS analysis in mitochondria indicated that NA-17 neither has the ability to enter mitochondria directly nor displays any mitochondrion-targeting effect. Further studies revealed that NA-17 could not enter into mitochondria even when the mitochondrial permeability in cells changed after NA-17 treatment, as was evident from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytochrome c release. In the process of cellular metabolism, NA-17 itself is firmly restricted to the cytoplasm during the metabolic process, but its metabolites containing fluorophores could accumulate in mitochondria for cell imaging. Our studies have furnished new insights into the drug metabolism processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Liangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jingxian Long
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Shulan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jiangke Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
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94
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Ferrari A, Longo R, Silva R, Mitro N, Caruso D, De Fabiani E, Crestani M. Epigenome modifiers and metabolic rewiring: New frontiers in therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:178-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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95
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Epigenetic upregulation and functional role of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier isoform 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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96
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Oncogenic Metabolism Acts as a Prerequisite Step for Induction of Cancer Metastasis and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1027453. [PMID: 30671168 PMCID: PMC6323533 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1027453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major obstacle to the efficient and successful treatment of cancer. Initiation of metastasis requires epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is regulated by several transcription factors, including Snail and ZEB1/2. EMT is closely linked to the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and chemoresistance, which contribute to tumor malignancy. Tumor suppressor p53 inhibits EMT and metastasis by negatively regulating several EMT-inducing transcription factors and regulatory molecules; thus, its inhibition is crucial in EMT, invasion, metastasis, and stemness. Metabolic alterations are another hallmark of cancer. Most cancer cells are more dependent on glycolysis than on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for their energy production, even in the presence of oxygen. Cancer cells enhance other oncogenic metabolic pathways, such as glutamine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer is regulated by the activation of oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressors that contribute to tumor progression. Oncogenic metabolism has been recently linked closely with the induction of EMT or CSC phenotypes by the induction of several metabolic enzyme genes. In addition, several transcription factors and molecules involved in EMT or CSCs, including Snail, Dlx-2, HIF-1α, STAT3, TGF-β, Wnt, and Akt, regulate oncogenic metabolism. Moreover, p53 induces metabolic change by directly regulating several metabolic enzymes. The collective data indicate the importance of oncogenic metabolism in the regulation of EMT, cell invasion and metastasis, and adoption of the CSC phenotype, which all contribute to malignant transformation and tumor development. In this review, we highlight the oncogenic metabolism as a key regulator of EMT and CSC, which is related with tumor progression involving metastasis and chemoresistance. Targeting oncometabolism might be a promising strategy for the development of effective anticancer therapy.
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97
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Marchi S, Corricelli M, Branchini A, Vitto VAM, Missiroli S, Morciano G, Perrone M, Ferrarese M, Giorgi C, Pinotti M, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Pinton P. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of MICU1 regulates mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels and tumor growth. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899435. [PMID: 30504268 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondria play a multifunctional role in cancer progression and Ca2+ signaling is remodeled in a wide variety of tumors, the underlying mechanisms that link mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis with malignant tumor formation and growth remain elusive. Here, we show that phosphorylation at the N-terminal region of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulatory subunit MICU1 leads to a notable increase in the basal mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. A pool of active Akt in the mitochondria is responsible for MICU1 phosphorylation, and mitochondrion-targeted Akt strongly regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ content. The Akt-mediated phosphorylation impairs MICU1 processing and stability, culminating in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and tumor progression. Thus, our data reveal the crucial role of the Akt-MICU1 axis in cancer and underscore the strategic importance of the association between aberrant mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariangela Corricelli
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessio Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy .,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
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98
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Shang K, Wang Y, Lu Y, Pei Z, Pei Y. Dual-Targeted Supramolecular Vesicles Based on the Complex of Galactose Capped Pillar[5]Arene and Triphenylphosphonium Derivative for Drug Delivery. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 P.R. China
- Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology; Hebei Agricultural University; Huanghua, Hebei 061100 P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry & Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 P.R. China
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99
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Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Metabolism and Epigenetic Interplay in Cancer: Regulation and Putative Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 30356832 PMCID: PMC6190739 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism affect molecular rewiring of cancer cells facilitating cancer development and progression. Modulation of histone and DNA modification enzymes occurs owing to metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenes and expression of metabolism-associated genes is, in turn, epigenetically regulated, promoting the well-known metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and, consequently, altering the metabolome. Thus, several malignant traits are supported by the interplay between metabolomics and epigenetics, promoting neoplastic transformation. In this review we emphasize the importance of tumour metabolites in the activity of most chromatin-modifying enzymes and implication in neoplastic transformation. Furthermore, candidate targets deriving from metabolism of cancer cells and altered epigenetic factors is emphasized, focusing on compounds that counteract the epigenomic-metabolic interplay in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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100
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Cole CL, Kleckner IR, Jatoi A, Schwarz E, Dunne RF. The Role of Systemic Inflammation in Cancer-Associated Muscle Wasting and Rationale for Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia involves a process of dysregulated protein synthesis and breakdown. This catabolism may be the result of mal-nutrition, and an upregulation of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), which can subsequently increase myostatin and activin A release. The skeletal muscle wasting associated with cancer cachexia is clinically significant, it can contribute to treatment toxicity or the premature discontinuation of treatments resulting in increases in morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the pathophysiology of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Several studies have identified a central role for chronic-systemic inflammation in initiating and perpetuating muscle wasting in patients with cancer. Interestingly, while exercise has shown efficacy in improving muscle quality, only recently have investigators begun to assess the impact that exercise has on chronic-systemic inflammation. To put this new information into context with established paradigms, here we review several biological pathways (e.g. dysfunctional inflammatory response, hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, and increased myostatin/activin A activity) that may be responsible for the muscle wasting in patients with cancer. Additionally, we discuss the potential impact that exercise has on these pathways in the treatment of cancer cachexia. Exercise is an attractive intervention for muscle wasting in this population, partially because it disrupts chronic-systemic inflammation mediated catabolism. Most importantly, exercise is a potent stimulator of muscle synthesis, and therefore this therapy may reverse muscle damage caused by cancer cachexia.
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