1
|
Fu R, Xue W, Liang J, Li X, Zheng J, Wang L, Zhang M, Meng J. SOAT1 regulates cholesterol metabolism to induce EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:325. [PMID: 38724499 PMCID: PMC11082151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is one of the significant characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cholesterol increases the risk of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Sterol O-acyltransferases 1 (SOAT1) maintains the cholesterol homeostasis. However, the exact mechanistic contribution of SOAT1 to EMT in HCC remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that SOAT1 positively related to poor prognosis of HCC, EMT markers and promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro, which was mediated by the increased cholesterol in plasmalemma and cholesterol esters accumulation. Furthermore, we reported that SOAT1 disrupted cholesterol metabolism homeostasis to accelerate tumorigenesis and development in HCC xenograft and NAFLD-HCC. Also, we detected that nootkatone, a sesquiterpene ketone, inhibited EMT by targeting SOAT1 in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our finding indicated that SOAT1 promotes EMT and contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis by increasing cholesterol esterification, which is suppressed efficiently by nootkatone. This study demonstrated that SOAT1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in NAFLD-HCC and SOAT1-targeting inhibitors are expected to be the potential new therapeutic treatment for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lechen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
- China-Russia Agricultural Products Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farhat NY, Alexander D, McKee K, Iben J, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Wassif CA, Cawley NX, Balch WE, Porter FD. Sterol O-Acyltransferase 1 ( SOAT1): A Genetic Modifier of Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4217. [PMID: 38673803 PMCID: PMC11050712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal disorder due to impaired intracellular cholesterol transport out of the endolysosomal compartment.. Marked heterogeneity has been observed in individuals with the same NPC1 genotype, thus suggesting a significant effect of modifier genes. Prior work demonstrated that decreased SOAT1 activity decreased disease severity in an NPC1 mouse model. Thus, we hypothesized that a polymorphism associated with decreased SOAT1 expression might influence the NPC1 phenotype. Phenotyping and genomic sequencing of 117 individuals with NPC1 was performed as part of a Natural History trial. Phenotyping included determination of disease severity and disease burden. Significant clinical heterogeneity is present in individuals homozygous for the NPC1I1061T variant and in siblings. Analysis of the SOAT1 polymorphism, rs1044925 (A>C), showed a significant association of the C-allele with earlier age of neurological onset. The C-allele may be associated with a higher Annualized Severity Index Score as well as increased frequency of liver disease and seizures. A polymorphism associated with decreased expression of SOAT1 appears to be a genetic modifier of the NPC1 phenotype. This finding is consistent with prior data showing decreased phenotypic severity in Npc1-/-:Soat1-/- mice and supports efforts to investigate the potential of SOAT1 inhibitors as a potential therapy for NPC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y. Farhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - Derek Alexander
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - Kyli McKee
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - Niamh X. Cawley
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - William E. Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang R, Liang JJ, Yang W, Vuong D, Kalaitzis JA, Lacey AE, Lacey E, Piggott AM, Chooi YH, Li H. Heterologous Biosynthesis of the Sterol O-Acyltransferase Inhibitor Helvamide Unveils an α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Cross-Linking Oxygenase. Org Lett 2024; 26:1807-1812. [PMID: 38393343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We have identified the biosynthetic gene cluster (hvm) for the sterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor helvamide (1) from the genome of Aspergillus rugulosus MST-FP2007. Heterologous expression of hvm in A. nidulans produced a previously unreported analog helvamide B (5). An α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase Hvm1 was shown to catalyze intramolecular cyclization of 1 to yield 5. The biosynthetic branch to the related hancockiamides and helvamides was found to be controlled by the substrate selectivity of monomodular nonribosomal peptide synthetases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jia-Jing Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wencong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - John A Kalaitzis
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alastair E Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu B, Zhou F, Zhang J, Kong X, Ni B, Bu J, Xu S, He C. Sevoflurane attenuates proliferative and migratory activity of lung cancer cells via mediating the microRNA-100-3p/sterol O-Acyltransferase 1 axis. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:456-465. [PMID: 38149558 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, evidence has shown that microRNA-100-3p (miR-100-3p) has been revealed as a tumor suppressor in diverse human diseases, while its capability in lung cancer warrants further validation. In this work, we aimed to discuss the impact of sevoflurane on biological functions of lung cancer cells by modulating the miR-100-3p/sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) axis. Lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H460) were treated with various concentrations of sevoflurane. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using MTT, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Moreover, miR-100-3p and SOAT1 expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in lung cancer cells. The target interaction between miR-100-3p and SOAT1 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The findings of our work demonstrated that sevoflurane impeded the abilities on viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 and H460 cells. The expression of miR-100-3p was reduced, and SOAT1 expression was elevated in lung cancer cells. miR-100-3p targeted SOAT1. Besides, sevoflurane could lead to expressed improvement of miR-100-3p or limitation of SOAT1. Downregulation of miR-100-3p or upregulation of SOAT1 restored the suppression of sevoflurane on abilities of viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion in A549 and H460 cells. In the rescue experiment, downregulation of SOAT1 reversed the impacts of downregulation of miR-100-3p on sevoflurane on lung cancer cells. Collectively, our study provides evidence that sevoflurane restrained the proliferation and invasion in lung cancer cells by modulating the miR-100-3p/SOAT1 axis. This article provides a new idea for further study of the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fucheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianglong Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Boxiong Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianlong Bu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shidong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changjun He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harned TC, Stan RV, Cao Z, Chakrabarti R, Higgs HN, Chang CCY, Chang TY. Acute ACAT1/SOAT1 Blockade Increases MAM Cholesterol and Strengthens ER-Mitochondria Connectivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5525. [PMID: 36982602 PMCID: PMC10059652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key component of all mammalian cell membranes. Disruptions in cholesterol metabolism have been observed in the context of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The genetic and pharmacological blockade of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1/sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1/SOAT1), a cholesterol storage enzyme found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and enriched at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), has been shown to reduce amyloid pathology and rescue cognitive deficits in mouse models of AD. Additionally, blocking ACAT1/SOAT1 activity stimulates autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis; however, the exact molecular connection between the ACAT1/SOAT1 blockade and these observed benefits remain unknown. Here, using biochemical fractionation techniques, we observe cholesterol accumulation at the MAM which leads to ACAT1/SOAT1 enrichment in this domain. MAM proteomics data suggests that ACAT1/SOAT1 inhibition strengthens the ER-mitochondria connection. Confocal and electron microscopy confirms that ACAT1/SOAT1 inhibition increases the number of ER-mitochondria contact sites and strengthens this connection by shortening the distance between these two organelles. This work demonstrates how directly manipulating local cholesterol levels at the MAM can alter inter-organellar contact sites and suggests that cholesterol buildup at the MAM is the impetus behind the therapeutic benefits of ACAT1/SOAT1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Harned
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (T.C.H.); (R.V.S.); (H.N.H.)
| | - Radu V. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (T.C.H.); (R.V.S.); (H.N.H.)
| | - Ze Cao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China;
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Henry N. Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (T.C.H.); (R.V.S.); (H.N.H.)
| | - Catherine C. Y. Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (T.C.H.); (R.V.S.); (H.N.H.)
| | - Ta Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (T.C.H.); (R.V.S.); (H.N.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adorni MP, Palumbo M, Marchi C, Zimetti F, Ossoli A, Turri M, Bernini F, Hollan I, Moláček J, Treska V, Ronda N. HDL metabolism and functions impacting on cell cholesterol homeostasis are specifically altered in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935241. [PMID: 36172376 PMCID: PMC9510680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe etiopathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is still unclarified, but vascular inflammation and matrix metalloproteases activation have a recognized role in AAA development and progression. Circulating lipoproteins are involved in tissue inflammation and repair, particularly through the regulation of intracellular cholesterol, whose excess is associated to cell damage and proinflammatory activation. We analyzed lipoprotein metabolism and function in AAA and in control vasculopathic patients, to highlight possible non-atherosclerosis-related, specific abnormalities.MethodsWe measured fluorometrically serum esterified/total cholesterol ratio, as an index of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in patients referred to vascular surgery either for AAA (n=30) or stenotic aortic/peripheral atherosclerosis (n=21) having similar burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We measured high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), through the ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) and A1 (ABCA1) pathways and serum cell cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), by radioisotopic and fluorimetric methods, respectively.ResultsWe found higher LCAT (+23%; p < 0.0001) and CETP (+49%; p < 0.0001) activity in AAA sera. HDL ABCG1-CEC was lower (−16%; p < 0.001) and ABCA1-CEC was higher (+31.7%; p < 0.0001) in AAA. Stratification suggests that smoking may partly contribute to these modifications. CEC and CETP activity correlated with CLC only in AAA.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that compared to patients with stenotic atherosclerosis, patients with AAA had altered HDL metabolism and functions involved in their anti-inflammatory and tissue repair activity, particularly through the ABCG1-related intracellular signaling. Clarifying the relevance of this mechanism for AAA evolution might help in developing new diagnostic parameters and therapeutic targets for the early management of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Adorni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39/F, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcella Palumbo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Turri
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Franco Bernini,
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, M. Grundtvigs veg 6, Lillehammer, Norway and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cardiology Division, Boston, United States
| | - Jiří Moláček
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University Ovocný trh 5 Prague 1, Plzen, Czechia
| | - Vladislav Treska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University Ovocný trh 5 Prague 1, Plzen, Czechia
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Wang M, Zhang M, Xu K, Zhang X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Chang C, Li X, Sun A, He F. High-affinity SOAT1 ligands remodeled cholesterol metabolism program to inhibit tumor growth. BMC Med 2022; 20:292. [PMID: 35941608 PMCID: PMC9361549 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cholesterol metabolism is a common pathway for the development of antitumor drugs, there are no specific targets and drugs for clinical use. Here, based on our previous study of sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) in hepatocelluar carcinoma, we sought to screen an effective targeted drug for precise treatment of hepatocelluar carcinoma and, from the perspective of cholesterol metabolism, clarify the relationship between cholesterol regulation and tumorigenesis and development. METHODS In this study, we developed a virtual screening integrated affinity screening technology for target protein drug screening. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were used for drug activity verification. Multi-omics analysis and flow cytometry analysis were used to explore antitumor mechanisms. Comparative analysis of proteome and transcriptome combined with survival follow-up information of patients reveals the clinical therapeutic potential of screened drugs. RESULTS We screened three compounds, nilotinib, ABT-737, and evacetrapib, that exhibited optimal binding with SOAT1. In particular, nilotinib displayed a high affinity for SOAT1 protein and significantly inhibited tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Multi-omics analysis and flow cytometry analysis indicated that SOAT1-targeting compounds reprogrammed the cholesterol metabolism in tumors and enhanced CD8+ T cells and neutrophils to suppress tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we reported several high-affinity SOAT1 ligands and demonstrated their clinical potential in the precision therapy of liver cancer, and also reveal the potential antitumor mechanism of SOAT1-targeting compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Shandong First Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Kaikun Xu
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xinshuai Zhang
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yi Xie
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Cheng Chang
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Shandong First Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Aihua Sun
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Fuchu He
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pramfalk C, Ahmed O, Pedrelli M, Minniti ME, Luquet S, Denis RG, Olin M, Härdfeldt J, Vedin LL, Steffensen KR, Rydén M, Hodson L, Eriksson M, Parini P. Soat2 ties cholesterol metabolism to β-oxidation and glucose tolerance in male mice. J Intern Med 2022; 292:296-307. [PMID: 34982494 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (Soat2) encodes acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), which synthesizes cholesteryl esters in hepatocytes and enterocytes fated either to storage or to secretion into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. OBJECTIVES We aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to reduced hepatic steatosis when Soat2 is depleted in mice. METHODS Soat2-/- and wild-type mice were fed a high-fat, a high-carbohydrate, or a chow diet, and parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), and insulin tolerance tests significantly improved in Soat2-/- mice, irrespective of the dietary regimes (2-way ANOVA). The significant positive correlations between area under the curve (AUC) OGTT (r = 0.66, p < 0.05), serum fasting insulin (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), Adipo-IR (0.87, p < 0.05), hepatic triglycerides (TGs) (r = 0.89, p < 0.05), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and the hepatic cholesteryl esters in wild-type mice disappeared in Soat2-/- mice. Genetic depletion of Soat2 also increased whole-body oxidation by 30% (p < 0.05) compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ACAT2-generated cholesteryl esters negatively affect the metabolic control by retaining TG in the liver and that genetic inhibition of Soat2 improves liver steatosis via partitioning of lipids into secretory (VLDL-TG) and oxidative (fatty acids) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pramfalk
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirko E Minniti
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Olin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Härdfeldt
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lise-Lotte Vedin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pavanello C, Ossoli A, Strazzella A, Risè P, Veglia F, Lhomme M, Parini P, Calabresi L. Plasma FA composition in familial LCAT deficiency indicates SOAT2-derived cholesteryl ester formation in humans. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100232. [PMID: 35598637 PMCID: PMC9198958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LCAT gene cause familial LCAT deficiency (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man ID: #245900), a very rare metabolic disorder. LCAT is the only enzyme able to esterify cholesterol in plasma, whereas sterol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 are the enzymes esterifying cellular cholesterol in cells. Despite the complete lack of LCAT activity, patients with familial LCAT deficiency exhibit circulating cholesteryl esters (CEs) in apoB-containing lipoproteins. To analyze the origin of these CEs, we investigated 24 carriers of LCAT deficiency in this observational study. We found that CE plasma levels were significantly reduced and highly variable among carriers of two mutant LCAT alleles (22.5 [4.0-37.8] mg/dl) and slightly reduced in heterozygotes (218 [153-234] mg/dl). FA distribution in CE (CEFA) was evaluated in whole plasma and VLDL in a subgroup of the enrolled subjects. We found enrichment of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 species and a depletion in C18:2 and C20:4 species in the plasma of carriers of two mutant LCAT alleles. No changes were observed in heterozygotes. Furthermore, plasma triglyceride-FA distribution was remarkably similar between carriers of LCAT deficiency and controls. CEFA distribution in VLDL essentially recapitulated that of plasma, being mainly enriched in C16:0 and C18:1, while depleted in C18:2 and C20:4. Finally, after fat loading, chylomicrons of carriers of two mutant LCAT alleles showed CEs containing mainly saturated FAs. This study of CEFA composition in a large cohort of carriers of LCAT deficiency shows that in the absence of LCAT-derived CEs, CEs present in apoB-containing lipoproteins are derived from hepatic and intestinal sterol O-acyltransferase 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Strazzella
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marie Lhomme
- ICAN analytics, IHU ICAN Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Löhr M, Härtig W, Schulze A, Kroiß M, Sbiera S, Lapa C, Mages B, Strobel S, Hundt JE, Bohnert S, Kircher S, Janaki-Raman S, Monoranu CM. SOAT1: A Suitable Target for Therapy in High-Grade Astrocytic Glioma? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073726. [PMID: 35409086 PMCID: PMC8998855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting molecular alterations as an effective treatment for isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) patients has not yet been established. Sterol-O-Acyl Transferase 1 (SOAT1), a key enzyme in the conversion of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol to esters for storage in lipid droplets (LD), serves as a target for the orphan drug mitotane to treat adrenocortical carcinoma. Inhibition of SOAT1 also suppresses GBM growth. Here, we refined SOAT1-expression in GBM and IDH-mutant astrocytoma, CNS WHO grade 4 (HGA), and assessed the distribution of LD in these tumors. Twenty-seven GBM and three HGA specimens were evaluated by multiple GFAP, Iba1, IDH1 R132H, and SOAT1 immunofluorescence labeling as well as Oil Red O staining. To a small extent SOAT1 was expressed by tumor cells in both tumor entities. In contrast, strong expression was observed in glioma-associated macrophages. Triple immunofluorescence labeling revealed, for the first time, evidence for SOAT1 colocalization with Iba1 and IDH1 R132H, respectively. Furthermore, a notable difference in the amount of LD between GBM and HGA was observed. Therefore, SOAT1 suppression might be a therapeutic option to target GBM and HGA growth and invasiveness. In addition, the high expression in cells related to neuroinflammation could be beneficial for a concomitant suppression of protumoral microglia/macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Matthias Kroiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Bianca Mages
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Strobel
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | | | - Simone Bohnert
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sudha Janaki-Raman
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-3181184
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Wang H, Xu J, Wu S, Han M, Li J, Wang Q, Ge Z. Mimic Lipoproteins Responsive to Intratumoral pH and Allosteric Enzyme for Efficient Tumor Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:404-416. [PMID: 34962752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discoid-reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (d-rHDL) is advantageous for tumor-targeted drug delivery due to its small size, long circulation, and efficient internalization into cancer cells. Nevertheless, an allosteric reaction catalyzed by serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) may cause drug leakage from d-rHDL and reduce its targeting efficiency. Conversely, similar "structural weakening" catalyzed by acyl-coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inside tumor cells can stimulate precise intracellular drug release. Therefore, we synthesized and characterized a pH-sensitive n-butyraldehyde bi-cholesterol (BCC) to substitute for cholesterol in the d-rHDL particle, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the targeting agent. This dual pH- and ACAT-sensitive d-rHDL (d-d-rHDL) was small with a disk-like appearance. Morphological transformation observation, in vitro release assays, and differences in internalization upon LCAT treatment confirmed that BCC effectively inhibited the remodeling behavior and enhanced the tumor-targeting efficiency. The accumulation of d-d-rHDL in HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that in LO2 cells, and accumulation was inhibited by free BSA. The pH sensitivity was verified, and d-d-rHDL achieved efficient drug release in vitro and inside tumor cells after exposure to acidic conditions and ACAT. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that d-d-rHDL escaped from lysosomes and became distributed evenly throughout cells. Moreover, in vivo imaging assays in a tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrated tumor-targeting properties of d-d-rHDL, and paclitaxel-loaded d-d-rHDL showed strong anticancer activity in these mice. This dual-sensitive d-d-rHDL thus combines structural stability in plasma and an intracellular pH/ACAT-triggered drug release to facilitate inhibition of tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long T, Liu Y, Li X. Molecular structures of human ACAT2 disclose mechanism for selective inhibition. Structure 2021; 29:1410-1418.e4. [PMID: 34520735 PMCID: PMC8642284 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT), including ACAT1 and ACAT2, convert cholesterol to cholesteryl esters that become incorporated into lipoproteins or stored in cytosolic lipid droplets. Selective inhibition of ACAT2 has been shown to considerably attenuate hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we report cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human ACAT2 bound to its specific inhibitor pyripyropene A or the general ACAT inhibitor nevanimibe. Structural analysis reveals that ACAT2 has a topology in membranes similar to that of ACAT1. A catalytic core with an entry site occupied by a cholesterol molecule and another site for allosteric activation of ACAT2 is observed in these structures. Enzymatic assays show that mutations within sites of cholesterol entry or allosteric activation attenuate ACAT2 activity in vitro. Together, these results reveal mechanisms for ACAT2-mediated esterification of cholesterol, providing a blueprint to design new ACAT2 inhibitors for use in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng L, Cao H, Xu J, Xu M, He W, Zhang W, Dong L, Chen D. Circ_RPL23A acts as a miR-1233 sponge to suppress the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by promoting ACAT2. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:415-428. [PMID: 34036483 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent urological carcinoma with high metastatic risk. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as effective diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for ccRCC. This research aims to disclose the effect and regulatory mechanism of circRNA ribosomal protein L23a (circ_RPL23A) in ccRCC. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine circ_RPL23A, microRNA-1233 (miR-1233) and acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2). Cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell viability, invasion and migration, which were respectively conducted by using flow cytometry, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), transwell assays. The levels of ACAT2 protein and cell cycle proteins, proliferation-associated protein, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated proteins were measured by western blot. Target relationship was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull down assay. The animal model was used to study how circ_RPL23A affects in vivo. Circ_RPL23A was lower expressed in ccRCC tissues and cells. The elevated circ_RPL23A suppressed cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis in ccRCC cells. MiR-1233 was a target of circ_RPL23A and direct targeted to ACAT2. Besides, circ_RPL23A exerted its anti-tumor effect by sponging miR-1233, and then relieved the inhibition effect of miR-1233 on ACAT2. Overexpression of circ_RPL23A also curbed ccRCC tumor growth in vivo. Circ_RPL23A inhibited ccRCC progression by upregulating ACAT2 expression by competitively binding miR-1233, which might provide an in-depth cognition for ccRCC pathogenesis and circ_RPL23A might be a promising biomarker in ccRCC diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China
| | - Huifeng Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mo Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Longxin Dong
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dayin Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China.
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei L, Lu X, Weng S, Zhu S, Chen Y. Cholesteryl Ester Promotes Mammary Tumor Growth in MMTV-PyMT Mice and Activates Akt-mTOR Pathway in Tumor Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060853. [PMID: 34201030 PMCID: PMC8228430 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between intratumoral cholesteryl ester (CE) and tumor progression has been reported previously. The objective of our study was to investigate a causal effect of CE on mammary tumor progression. Using MMTV-PyMT (MMTV-polyoma virus middle T) transgenic mice and breast tumor cell MCF-7, we show that both exogenous and endogenous CE can increase mammary tumor growth, that CE upregulates the AKT/mTOR pathway, and that CE synthesis blockade suppresses this signaling pathway. Our data suggest that SOAT1, a sterol O-acyltransferase, may be a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lengyun Wei
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengmei Weng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Chen G, Winkler CA, An P, Lyu J. Impacts of the SOAT1 genetic variants and protein expression on HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:615. [PMID: 34039309 PMCID: PMC8152151 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major public health problem and its pathogenesis remains unresolved. A recent proteomics study discovered a lipid enzyme Sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT1) involvement in the progression of HCC. We aimed to explore the association between SOAT1 genetic variation and HCC. METHODS We genotyped three exonic SOAT1 variants (rs10753191, V323V; rs3753526, L475L; rs13306731, Q526R) tagging most variations in the gene, in 221 HCC patients and 229 healthy individuals, to assess the impact of SOAT1 gene variation on risk of HCC occurrence. We further conducted immunohistochemistry to compare SOAT1 protein expression levels in 42 paired tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. RESULTS We found that rs10753191 (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, P = 0.04) and a haplotype TGA (OR = 0.40, P = 0.01) were associated with reduced HCC risk after adjusting for lipid levels. In the immunohistochemistry experiment, we found that the protein expression of SOAT1 was significantly increased in the tumor compared with adjacent tissue (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed for the first time SOAT1 genetic variation that associates with host susceptibility to HCC occurrence. Our results suggest a role of SOAT1 in the HCC development, which warrants further elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xunjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ping An
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun HY, Chen TY, Tan YC, Wang CH, Young KC. Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 chaperoned by apolipoprotein J facilitates hepatic lipid accumulation following viral and nutrient stresses. Commun Biol 2021; 4:564. [PMID: 33980978 PMCID: PMC8115332 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include obese and non-obese stresses such as chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the regulatory determinants remain obscure. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) served as an ER-Golgi contact-site chaperone near lipid droplet (LD), facilitating HCV virion production. We hypothesized an interplay between hepatic ApoJ, cholesterol esterification and lipid deposit in response to NAFLD inducers. Exposures of HCV or free-fatty acids exhibited excess LDs along with increased ApoJ expression, whereas ApoJ silencing alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation. Both stresses could concomitantly disperse Golgi, induce closer ApoJ and sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) contacts via the N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions, and increase cholesteryl-ester. Furthermore, serum ApoJ correlated positively with cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in normal glycaemic HCV patients, NAFLD patients and in mice with steatosis. Taken together, hepatic ApoJ might activate SOAT2 to supply cholesteryl-ester for lipid loads, thus providing a therapeutic target of stress-induced steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Tan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo M, Opoku E, Traughber CA, Hai Q, Robinet P, Berisha S, Smith JD. Soat1 mediates the mouse strain effects on cholesterol loading-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and CHOP expression in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158825. [PMID: 33031913 PMCID: PMC7686275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that AKR vs. DBA/2 mouse bone marrow derived macrophages have higher levels of free cholesterol and lower levels of esterified cholesterol after cholesterol loading, and that AKR, but not DBA/2, macrophages induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression after cholesterol loading. We earlier determined that the free and esterified cholesterol level effect is due to a truncation in the sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1) gene, encoding acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1). Here we examined the mechanism for the differential induction of CHOP by cholesterol loading. CHOP was induced in both strains after incubation with tunicamycin, indicating both strains have competent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. CHOP was induced when DBA/2 macrophages were cholesterol loaded in the presence of an ACAT inhibitor, indicating that the difference in free cholesterol levels were responsible for this strain effect. This finding was confirmed in macrophages derived from DBA/2 embryonic stem cells. Cholesterol loading of Soat1 gene edited cells, mimicking the AKR allele, led to increased free cholesterol levels and restored CHOP induction. The upstream pathway of free cholesterol induced endoplasmic reticulum stress was investigated; and, RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α protein kinase (IRE1α) pathways were required for maximal CHOP expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emmanuel Opoku
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Alicia Traughber
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine -Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qimin Hai
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peggy Robinet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stela Berisha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine -Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramirez CM, Taylor AM, Lopez AM, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Delineation of metabolic responses of Npc1 -/-nih mice lacking the cholesterol-esterifying enzyme SOAT2 to acute treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Steroids 2020; 164:108725. [PMID: 32890578 PMCID: PMC7680374 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids present in lipoproteins cleared from the circulation are processed sequentially by three major proteins within the late endosomal/lysosomal (E/L) compartment of all cells: lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), Niemann-Pick (NPC) C2 and NPC1. When all three of these proteins are functioning normally, unesterified cholesterol (UC) exits the E/L compartment and is used in plasma membrane maintenance and various pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum including esterification by sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) or SOAT1 depending partly on cell type. Mutations in either NPC2 or NPC1 result in continual entrapment of UC and glycosphingolipids leading to neurodegeneration, pulmonary dysfunction, splenomegaly and liver damage. To date, the most effective agent for promoting release of entrapped UC in nearly all organs of NPC1-deficient mice and cats is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD). The cytotoxic nature of the liberated UC triggers various defenses including suppression of sterol synthesis and increased esterification. The present studies, using the Npc1-/-nih mouse model, measured the comparative quantitative importance of these two responses in the liver versus the spleen of Npc1-/-: Soat2+/+ and Npc1-/-: Soat2-/- mice in the 24 h following a single acute treatment with 2HPβCD. In the liver but not the spleen of both types of mice suppression of synthesis alone or in combination with increased esterification provided the major defense against the rise in unsequestered cellular UC content. These findings have implications for systemic 2HPβCD treatment in NPC1 patients in view of the purportedly low levels of SOAT2 activity in human liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charina M Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna M Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joyce J Repa
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu XC, Fu Y, Bi YH, Zhang WW, Li J, Ji T, Chao Y, Meng QH, Chen Q, Ma MH, Zhang YH, Shan J, Bian HM. Alisol B 23-acetate activates ABCG5/G8 in the jejunum via the LXRα/ACAT2 pathway to relieve atherosclerosis in ovariectomized ApoE -/- mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25744-25766. [PMID: 33234731 PMCID: PMC7803561 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been shown to improve blood lipid levels and treat atherosclerosis. This research investigated the effects of phytosterol Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) on jejunum lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. The results show that intragastric administration of AB23A can significantly reduce atherosclerotic plaque area and lipid accumulation in the jejunum of ovariectomized ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet and can also improve the lipid mass spectra of the plasma and jejunum. In vitro studies have shown that AB23A can increase cholesterol outflow in Caco-2 cells exposed to high fat concentrations and increase the expression of ATP-binding cassette transfer proteins G5/G8 (ABCG5/G8), the liver X receptor α (LXRα). Furthermore, inhibition of LXRα can significantly eliminate the active effect of AB23A on decreasing intracellular lipid accumulation. We also confirmed that AB23A has a negative effect on Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) in Caco-2 cells cultured in the high concentrations of fat, and we found that AB23A further reduces ACAT2 expression in cells treated with the ACAT2 inhibitor pyripyropene or transfected with ACAT2 siRNA. In conclusion, we confirmed that AB23A can reduce the absorption of dietary lipids in the jejunum by affecting the LXRα-ACAT2-ABCG5/G8 pathway and ultimately exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cholestenones/pharmacology
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol Esters/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Female
- Glycerophospholipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Jejunum/drug effects
- Jejunum/metabolism
- Jejunum/pathology
- Lipid Droplets/drug effects
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Lipid Droplets/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipoproteins/drug effects
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/drug effects
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Ovariectomy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/drug effects
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Triglycerides/metabolism
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Hui Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing-Hai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Hua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui-Min Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weigand I, Altieri B, Lacombe AMF, Basile V, Kircher S, Landwehr LS, Schreiner J, Zerbini MCN, Ronchi CL, Megerle F, Berruti A, Canu L, Volante M, Paiva I, Della Casa S, Sbiera S, Fassnacht M, Fragoso MCBV, Terzolo M, Kroiss M. Expression of SOAT1 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Response to Mitotane Monotherapy: An ENSAT Multicenter Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5843694. [PMID: 32449514 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Objective response rate to mitotane in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is approximately 20%, and adverse drug effects are frequent. To date, there is no marker established that predicts treatment response. Mitotane has been shown to inhibit sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 (SOAT1), which leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death in ACC cells. OBJECTIVE To investigate SOAT1 protein expression as a marker of treatment response to mitotane. PATIENTS A total of 231 ACC patients treated with single-agent mitotane as adjuvant (n = 158) or advanced disease therapy (n = 73) from 12 ENSAT centers were included. SOAT1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. SETTING Retrospective study at 12 ACC referral centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS Sixty-one of 135 patients (45%) with adjuvant mitotane treatment had recurrences and 45/68 patients (66%) with mitotane treatment for advanced disease had progressive disease. After multivariate adjustment for sex, age, hormone secretion, tumor stage, and Ki67 index, RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-1.85; P = 0.82), and DSS (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.58-2.93; P = 0.53) in adjuvantly treated ACC patients did not differ significantly between tumors with high and low SOAT1 expression. Similarly, in the advanced stage setting, PFS (HR = 1.34; 95% CI, 0.63-2.84; P = 0.45) and DSS (HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.31-1.70; P = 0.45) were comparable and response rates not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS SOAT1 expression was not correlated with clinical endpoints RFS, PFS, and DSS in ACC patients with mitotane monotherapy. Other factors appear to be relevant for mitotane treatment response and ACC patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amanda M F Lacombe
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vittoria Basile
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Sophie Landwehr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Schreiner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria C N Zerbini
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Felix Megerle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Letizia Canu
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silvia Della Casa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Candida B V Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Terasaki M, Yashima H, Mori Y, Saito T, Matsui T, Hiromura M, Kushima H, Osaka N, Ohara M, Fukui T, Hirano T, Yamagishi SI. A Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Inhibits Foam Cell Formation of Macrophages in Type 1 Diabetes via Suppression of CD36 and ACAT-1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134811. [PMID: 32646003 PMCID: PMC7369823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to play a protective role against atherosclerosis in both animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, since T2D is associated with dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance, part of which are ameliorated by DPP-4 inhibitors, it remains unclear whether DPP-4 inhibitors could have anti-atherosclerotic properties directly by attenuating the harmful effects of hyperglycemia. Therefore, we examined whether a DPP-4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, could suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, foam cell formation, CD36 and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) gene expression of macrophages isolated from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice and T1D patients as well as advanced glycation end product (AGE)-exposed mouse peritoneal macrophages and THP-1 cells. Foam cell formation, CD36 and ACAT-1 gene expression of macrophages derived from T1D mice or patients increased compared with those from non-diabetic controls, all of which were inhibited by 10 nmol/L teneligliptin. AGEs mimicked the effects of T1D; teneligliptin attenuated all the deleterious effects of AGEs in mouse macrophages and THP-1 cells. Our present findings suggest that teneligliptin may inhibit foam cell formation of macrophages in T1D via suppression of CD36 and ACAT-1 gene expression partly by attenuating the harmful effects of AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michishige Terasaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8947; Fax: +81-3-3784-8948
| | - Hironori Yashima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tomomi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;
| | - Munenori Hiromura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hideki Kushima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Naoya Osaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Makoto Ohara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tomoyasu Fukui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Diabetes Center, Ebina General Hospital, Ebina 243-0433, Japan;
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (H.Y.); (Y.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (H.K.); (N.O.); (M.O.); (T.F.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abrams ME, Johnson KA, Perelman SS, Zhang LS, Endapally S, Mar KB, Thompson BM, McDonald JG, Schoggins JW, Radhakrishnan A, Alto NM. Oxysterols provide innate immunity to bacterial infection by mobilizing cell surface accessible cholesterol. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:929-942. [PMID: 32284563 PMCID: PMC7442315 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is an interferon-stimulated gene that converts cholesterol to the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). Circulating 25HC modulates essential immunological processes including antiviral immunity, inflammasome activation and antibody class switching; and dysregulation of CH25H may contribute to chronic inflammatory disease and cancer. Although 25HC is a potent regulator of cholesterol storage, uptake, efflux and biosynthesis, how these metabolic activities reprogram the immunological state of target cells remains poorly understood. Here, we used recently designed toxin-based biosensors that discriminate between distinct pools of plasma membrane cholesterol to elucidate how 25HC prevents Listeria monocytogenes from traversing the plasma membrane of infected host cells. The 25HC-mediated activation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) triggered rapid internalization of a biochemically defined fraction of cholesterol, termed 'accessible' cholesterol, from the plasma membrane while having little effect on cholesterol in complexes with sphingomyelin. We show that evolutionarily distinct bacterial species, L. monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, exploit the accessible pool of cholesterol for infection and that acute mobilization of this pool by oxysterols confers immunity to these pathogens. The significance of this signal-mediated membrane remodelling pathway probably extends beyond host defence systems, as several other biologically active oxysterols also mobilize accessible cholesterol through an ACAT-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sofya S Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | - Li-Shu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shreya Endapally
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katrina B Mar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Neal M Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pramfalk C, Jakobsson T, Verzijl CRC, Minniti ME, Obensa C, Ripamonti F, Olin M, Pedrelli M, Eriksson M, Parini P. Generation of new hepatocyte-like in vitro models better resembling human lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158659. [PMID: 32058035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to human hepatocytes in vivo, which solely express acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) 2, both ACAT1 and ACAT2 (encoded by SOAT1 and SOAT2) are expressed in primary human hepatocytes and in human hepatoma cell lines. Here, we aimed to create hepatocyte-like cells expressing the ACAT2, but not the ACAT1, protein to generate a model that - at least in this regard - resembles the human condition in vivo and to assess the effects on lipid metabolism. Using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology, we knocked out SOAT1 in HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells. The wild type and SOAT2-only-cells were cultured with fetal bovine or human serum and the effects on lipoprotein and lipid metabolism were studied. In SOAT2-only-HepG2 cells, increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) in the cell media were detected; this was likely dependent of the increased expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism (e.g. MTP, APOB, HMGCR, LDLR, ACACA, and DGAT2). Opposite effects were observed in SOAT2-only-Huh7.5 cells. Our study shows that the expression of SOAT1 in hepatocyte-like cells contributes to the distorted phenotype observed in HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells. As not only parameters of lipoprotein and lipid metabolism but also some markers of differentiation/maturation increase in the SOAT2-only-HepG2 cells cultured with HS, this cellular model represent an improved model for studies of lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pramfalk
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Patient Area Nephrology and Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jakobsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cristy R C Verzijl
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mirko E Minniti
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Clara Obensa
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Federico Ripamonti
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Olin
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Patient Area Nephrology and Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Patient Area Nephrology and Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferas (LCAT)-based therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, and LCAT deficiency disorders. RECENT FINDINGS A wide variety of approaches to using LCAT as a novel therapeutic target have been proposed. Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human LCAT is the most clinically advanced therapy for atherosclerosis and familial LCAT deficiency (FLD), with Phase I and Phase 2A clinical trials recently completed. Liver-directed LCAT gene therapy and engineered cell therapies are also another promising approach. Peptide and small molecule activators have shown efficacy in early-stage preclinical studies. Finally, lifestyle modifications, such as fat-restricted diets, cessation of cigarette smoking, and a diet rich in antioxidants may potentially suppress lipoprotein abnormalities in FLD patients and help preserve LCAT activity and renal function but have not been adequately tested. SUMMARY Preclinical and early-stage clinical trials demonstrate the promise of novel LCAT therapies as HDL-raising agents that may be used to treat not only FLD but potentially also atherosclerosis and other disorders with low or dysfunctional HDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lita A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
- NeoProgen, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
van Koetsveld PM, Creemers SG, Dogan F, Franssen GJH, de Herder WW, Feelders RA, Hofland LJ. The Efficacy of Mitotane in Human Primary Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cultures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5581636. [PMID: 31586196 PMCID: PMC7006231 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) often fail mitotane treatment and deal with severe toxicity, marking the relevance of predictive parameters for treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of mitotane in primary ACC cultures, and correlate sensitivity with patient and tumor characteristics. METHODS In 32 primary ACC cultures, the effects of mitotane on cell growth and cortisol production were determined. RRM1, SOAT1, and CYP2W1 expression were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The median percentage cell amount inhibition in primary ACC cultures at 50 µM mitotane was 57%. Seven patients were classified as nonresponders, 14 as partial responders, and 11 as responders. The mean median effective concentration (EC50) value of mitotane for inhibition of cell amount in responders was 14.2 µM (95% CI, 11.3-17.9), in partial responders 41.6 µM (95% CI, 33.5-51.8), and could not be calculated in nonresponders. The percentage cortisol-producing ACC was 14%, 43%, and 73% for nonresponders, partial responders, and responders (P = 0.068). Mitotane inhibited cortisol production with a mean EC50 of 1.4 µM (95% CI, 0.9-2.1), which was considerably lower than the EC50 on cell growth. RRM1, SOAT1, and CYP2W1 expression levels were not predictive for mitotane sensitivity in vitro. CONCLUSION Direct antitumor effects of mitotane on human primary ACC cultures are highly variable between patients, reflecting heterogeneous responses in patients. Cortisol was inhibited at lower concentrations, compared with its effect on cell amount. Cortisol secretion by ACC might be associated with enhanced mitotane sensitivity due to increased direct antitumor effects of mitotane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M van Koetsveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara G Creemers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fadime Dogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gaston J H Franssen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: L.J. Hofland, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Room Ee514, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ayyagari VN, Wang X, Diaz-Sylvester PL, Groesch K, Brard L. Assessment of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT-1) role in ovarian cancer progression-An in vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228024. [PMID: 31978092 PMCID: PMC6980601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) mediated cholesterol ester has been shown to contribute to cancer progression in various cancers including leukemia, glioma, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. However, the significance of ACAT-1 and cholesterol esters (CE) is relatively understudied in ovarian cancer. In this in vitro study, we assessed the expression and contribution of ACAT-1 in ovarian cancer progression. We observed a significant increase in the expression of ACAT-1 and CE levels in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines (OC-314, SKOV-3 and IGROV-1) compared to primary ovarian epithelial cells (normal controls). To confirm the tumor promoting capacity of ACAT-1, we inhibited ACAT-1 expression and activity by treating our cell lines with an ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, or by stable transfection with ACAT-1 specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We observed significant suppression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ACAT-1 knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines compared to their respective controls (cell lines transfected with scrambled shRNA). ACAT-1 inhibition enhanced apoptosis with a concurrent increase in caspases 3/7 activity and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with increased expression of p53 may be the mechanism(s) underlying pro-apoptotic action of ACAT-1 inhibition. Additionally, ACAT-1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell lines displayed enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin treatment. These results suggest ACAT-1 may be a potential new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi N. Ayyagari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Paula L. Diaz-Sylvester
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Laurent Brard
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ohshiro T, Imuta S, Hijikuro I, Yagyu H, Takahashi T, Doi T, Ishibashi S, Tomoda H. The Anti-atherogenic Activity of Beauveriolide Derivative BVD327, a Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2-Selective Inhibitor, in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:951-958. [PMID: 32475917 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fungal 13-membered cyclodepsipeptides, beauveriolides I and III, were previously reported to be atheroprotective activity in mouse models via inhibiting sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) activity. A total of 149 beauveriolide derivatives (BVDs) synthesized combinatorially were evaluated in in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) analysis and inhibitory activity toward the two SOAT isozymes, SOAT1 and SOAT2. Hence, only 11 BVDs exhibited SOAT2-selective inhibition. Among these, we chose BVD327, which had the highest ADME score, for further evaluation. BVD327 administration (50 mg/kg/d, per os (p.o.)) significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and heart (25.4 ± 6.9 and 20.6 ± 2.9%, respectively) in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (0.2% cholesterol and 21% fat) for 12 weeks. These findings indicate that beauveriolide derivatives can be used as anti-atherosclerotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | | | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lopez AM, Ramirez CM, Taylor AM, Jones RD, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Ontogenesis and Modulation of Intestinal Unesterified Cholesterol Sequestration in a Mouse Model of Niemann-Pick C1 Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:158-167. [PMID: 31312996 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the NPC1 gene result in sequestration of unesterified cholesterol (UC) and glycosphingolipids in most tissues leading to multi-organ disease, especially in the brain, liver, lungs, and spleen. Various data from NPC1-deficient mice suggest the small intestine (SI) is comparatively less affected, even in late stage disease. METHODS Using the Npc1nih mouse model, we measured SI weights and total cholesterol (TC) levels in Npc1-/- versus Npc1+/+ mice as a function of age, and then after prolonged ezetimibe-induced inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Next, we determined intestinal levels of UC and esterified cholesterol (EC), and cholesterol synthesis rates in Npc1-/- and Npc1+/+ mice, with and without the cholesterol-esterifying enzyme SOAT2, following a once-only subcutaneous injection with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD). RESULTS By ~ 42 days of age, intestinal TC levels averaged ~ 2.1-fold more (mostly UC) in the Npc1-/- versus Npc1+/+ mice with no further increase thereafter. Chronic ezetimibe treatment lowered intestinal TC levels in the Npc1-/- mice by only ~ 16%. In Npc1-/- mice given 2HPβCD 24 h earlier, UC levels fell, EC levels increased (although less so in mice lacking SOAT2), and cholesterol synthesis was suppressed equally in the Npc1-/-:Soat2+/+ and Npc1-/-:Soat2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS The low and static levels of intestinal UC sequestration in Npc1-/- mice likely reflect the continual sloughing of cells from the mucosa. This sequestration is blunted by about the same extent following a single acute treatment with 2HPβCD as it is by a prolonged ezetimibe-induced block of cholesterol absorption.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ezetimibe/pharmacology
- Female
- Intestinal Absorption/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Niemann-Pick C1 Protein
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/drug therapy
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/genetics
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/metabolism
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/genetics
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Charina M Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Anna M Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ryan D Jones
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joyce J Repa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chiu CY, Yen TE, Liu SH, Chiang MT. Comparative Effects and Mechanisms of Chitosan and Its Derivatives on Hypercholesterolemia in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E92. [PMID: 31877743 PMCID: PMC6981742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated and compared the effects of different molecular weights of chitosan (high molecular weight chitosan (HC) and low molecular weight chitosan (LC)) and its derivatives (chitosan oligosaccharide (CO)) on cholesterol regulation in high-fat (HF) diet-fed rats. A diet supplementation of 5% HC, 5% LC, or 5% CO for 8 weeks showed hypocholesterolemic potential in HF diet-fed rats. Unexpectedly, a 5% CO-supplemented diet exerted hepatic damage, producing increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The supplementation of HC and LC, unlike CO, significantly decreased the hepatic total cholesterol (TC) levels and increased the fecal TC levels in HF diet-fed rats. The hepatic protein expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) in the HF diet-fed rats was markedly decreased, which could be significantly reversed by both HC and LC, but not CO, supplementation. Unlike the supplementation of CO, both HC and LC supplementation could effectively reverse the HF-inhibited/induced gene expressions of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), respectively. The upregulated intestinal acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) protein expression in HF diet-fed rats could be reversed by HC and LC, but not CO, supplementation. Taken together, a supplementation of 5% CO in HF diet-fed rats may exert liver damage via a higher hepatic cholesterol accumulation and a higher intestinal cholesterol uptake. Both HC and LC effectively ameliorated the hypercholesterolemia and regulated cholesterol homeostasis via the activation and inhibition of hepatic (AMPKα and PPARα) and intestinal (ACAT2) cholesterol-modulators, respectively, as well as the modulation of downstream signals (LDLR and CYP7A1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Botanicals, Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center, New Taipei City 248, Taiwan;
| | - Tsai-En Yen
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of policosanol on high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats to provide strong evidence in support of its hypocholesterolemic effect. The hypercholesterolemic rats showed elevations in liver weight, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in serum; however, policosanol supplementation reduced these markers significantly. In addition, we found that policosanol supplementation stimulated an increase in fecal cholesterol and bile acid contents and deactivated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation during high-fat and high-cholesterol-containing diet-induced development of hypercholesterolemia. Policosanol supplementation decreased ApoB levels and increased LDL-receptor expression, but it did not affect the hepatic ACAT2 level in livers from hypercholesterolemic rats. Moreover, supplementation with policosanol significantly decreased aortic wall thickness and levels of P-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) in serum. In conclusion, we suggest that policosanol supplementation induces antihypercholesterolemia by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, LDL cholesterol uptake, and cholesterol excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Nam
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeong-Moon Yun
- Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dakyung Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Goudarzi A. The recent insights into the function of ACAT1: A possible anti-cancer therapeutic target. Life Sci 2019; 232:116592. [PMID: 31228515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase also known as acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) corresponds to two enzymes, one cytosolic (ACAT2) and one mitochondrial (ACAT1), which is thought to catalyse reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA during ketogenesis and ketolysis respectively. In addition to this activity, ACAT1 is also involved in isoleucine degradation pathway. Deficiency of ACAT1 is an inherited metabolic disorder, which results from a defect in mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity and is clinically characterized with patients presenting ketoacidosis. In this review I discuss the recent findings, which unexpectedly expand the known functions of ACAT1, indicating a role for ACAT1 well beyond its classical activity. Indeed ACAT1 has recently been shown to possess an acetyltransferase activity capable of specifically acetylating Pyruvate DeHydrogenase (PDH), an enzyme involved in producing acetyl-CoA. ACAT1-dependent acetylation of PDH was shown to negatively regulate this enzyme with a consequence in Warburg effect and tumor growth. Finally, the elevated ACAT1 enzyme activity in diverse human cancer cell lines was recently reported. These important novel findings on ACAT1's function and expression in cancer cell proliferation point to ACAT1 as a potential new anti-cancer target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Živný P, Živná H, Palička V, Žaloudková L, Mocková P, Cermanová J, Mičuda S. Modulation of Rat Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy by Dietary Cholesterol. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2018; 61:22-28. [PMID: 30012246 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of study was to evaluate impact of long-term dietary cholesterol overload on the cholesterol homeostasis and liver regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum lipid parameters, 14C-cholesterol incorporation, liver DNA synthesis and protein expression was determined in partially hepatectomized (PH) rats fed with a standard (SLD) or hypercholesterolemic (CHOL) diet. RESULTS 29-day intake of CHOL diet before PH produced increase in serum total cholesterol, LDL lipoprotein, and triglyceride concentration. PH provoked decrease in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in both groups. PH was associated with increase in serum ALT activity more pronounced in CHOL animals. Hepatic DNA synthesis was increased after PH in both groups, but lower in CHOL. Hypercholesterolemic diet reduced the absorption of radiolabelled cholesterol in intestine and then activity in blood and liver. The 14C-cholesterol hepatic activities tend to increase after PH in both groups. CHOL diet produced up-regulation of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 protein expression. PH was associated with increase of LDL receptor and Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 protein expression in both dietary groups. DISCUSSION Liver regeneration after PH is negatively influenced by CHOL diet. The increased uptake of cholesterol in the liver after PH associated with up-regulation of LDL receptor protein expression suggests preferential use of extrahepatic cholesterol by the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Živný
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Živná
- Radioisotope Laboratories and Vivarium, Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Palička
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žaloudková
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mocková
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Cermanová
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Mičuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lopez AM, Jones RD, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Niemann-Pick C1-deficient mice lacking sterol O-acyltransferase 2 have less hepatic cholesterol entrapment and improved liver function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G454-G463. [PMID: 29878847 PMCID: PMC6230690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00124.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl esters are generated at multiple sites in the body by sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) 1 or SOAT2 in various cell types and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in plasma. Esterified cholesterol and triacylglycerol contained in lipoproteins cleared from the circulation via receptor-mediated or bulk-phase endocytosis are hydrolyzed by lysosomal acid lipase within the late endosomal/lysosomal (E/L) compartment. Then, through the successive actions of Niemann-Pick C (NPC) 2 and NPC 1, unesterified cholesterol (UC) is exported from the E/L compartment to the cytosol. Mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2 lead to continuing entrapment of UC in all organs, resulting in multisystem disease, which includes hepatic dysfunction and in some cases liver failure. These studies investigated primarily whether elimination of SOAT2 in NPC1-deficient mice impacted hepatic UC sequestration, inflammation, and transaminase activities. Measurements were made in 7-wk-old mice fed a low-cholesterol chow diet or one enriched with cholesterol starting 2 wk before study. In the chow-fed mice, NPC1:SOAT2 double knockouts, compared with their littermates lacking only NPC1, had 20% less liver mass, 28% lower hepatic UC concentrations, and plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities that were decreased by 48% and 36%, respectively. mRNA expression levels for several markers of inflammation were all significantly lower in the NPC1 mutants lacking SOAT2. The existence of a new class of potent and selective SOAT2 inhibitors provides an opportunity for exploring if suppression of this enzyme could potentially become an adjunctive therapy for liver disease in NPC1 deficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease, the entrapment of unesterified cholesterol (UC) in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment of all cells causes multiorgan disease, including neurodegeneration, pulmonary dysfunction, and liver failure. Some of this sequestered UC entered cells initially in the esterified form. When sterol O-acyltransferase 2, a cholesterol esterifying enzyme present in enterocytes and hepatocytes, is eliminated in NPC1-deficient mice, there is a reduction in their hepatomegaly, hepatic UC content, and cellular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan D Jones
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Joyce J Repa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Niculescu LS, Simionescu N, Fuior EV, Stancu CS, Carnuta MG, Dulceanu MD, Raileanu M, Dragan E, Sima AV. Inhibition of miR-486 and miR-92a decreases liver and plasma cholesterol levels by modulating lipid-related genes in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:497-509. [PMID: 29725814 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we aimed to evaluate the potential of in vivo inhibition of miR-486 and miR-92a to reverse hyperlipidemia, then to identify and validate their lipid metabolism-related target genes. Male Golden-Syrian hamsters fed a hyperlipidemic (HL) diet (standard chow plus 3% cholesterol and 15% butter, 10 weeks) were injected subcutaneously with lock-nucleic acid inhibitors for either miR-486 or miR-92a. Lipids and miRNAs levels in liver and plasma, and hepatic expression of miRNAs target genes were assessed in all HL hamsters. MiR-486 and miR-92a target genes were identified by miRWalk analysis and validated by 3'UTR cloning in pmirGLO vectors. HL hamsters had increased liver (2.8-fold) and plasma (twofold) miR-486 levels, and increased miR-92a (2.8-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively) compared to normolipidemic hamsters. After 2 weeks treatment, liver and plasma cholesterol levels decreased (23 and 17.5% for anti-miR-486, 16 and 22% for miR-92a inhibition). Hepatic triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids content decreased also significantly. Bioinformatics analysis and 3'UTR cloning in pmirGLO vector showed that sterol O-acyltransferase-2 (SOAT2) and sterol-regulatory element binding transcription factor-1 (SREBF1) are targeted by miR-486, while ATP-binding cassette G4 (ABCG4) and Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) by miR-92a. In HL livers and in cultured HepG2 cells, miR-486 inhibition restored the levels of SOAT2 and SREBF1 expression, while anti-miR-92a restored ABCG4, NPC1 and SOAT2 expression compared to scrambled-treated HL hamsters or cultured cells. In vivo inhibition of miR-486 and miR-92a could be a useful and valuable new approach to correct lipid metabolism dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loredan S Niculescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Natalia Simionescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena V Fuior
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia S Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela G Carnuta
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina D Dulceanu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Dragan
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca V Sima
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vikøren LA, Drotningsvik A, Bergseth MT, Mjøs SA, Austgulen MH, Mellgren G, Gudbrandsen OA. Intake of Baked Cod Fillet Resulted in Lower Serum Cholesterol and Higher Long Chain n-3 PUFA Concentrations in Serum and Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:E840. [PMID: 29958397 PMCID: PMC6073601 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that lean fish consumption may benefit cardiovascular health. High cholesterol and low n-3 PUFA concentrations in serum are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease; therefore, it is of interest to investigate effects of cod intake on cholesterol and n-3 PUFAs in serum and tissues. Hypercholesterolemic obese Zucker fa/fa rats were fed diets containing 25% protein from baked cod fillet and 75% protein from casein (Baked Cod Diet), or casein as the sole protein source (Control Diet) for four weeks. Consuming Baked Cod Diet resulted in lower serum cholesterol and lower hepatic mRNA concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase and sterol O-acyltransferase-2 without affecting serum bile acid concentration, faecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid, and hepatic concentrations of bile acids, cholesterol and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA when compared to Control Diet. Rats fed Baked Cod Diet had higher concentrations of n-3 PUFAs in serum, liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. To conclude, baked cod fillet intake resulted in lower serum cholesterol, which was probably caused by lower endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and higher n-3 PUFA in serum and tissues in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. These findings support the evidence that lean fish consumption might benefit cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn A Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marthe T Bergseth
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Svein A Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Nofima BioLab, P.O. Box 1425 Oasen, 5828 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Maren H Austgulen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Oddrun A Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mondal Roy S. Bio-activity of aminosulfonyl ureas in the light of nucleic acid bases and DNA base pair interaction. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 75:91-100. [PMID: 29753268 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The quantum chemical descriptors based on density functional theory (DFT) are applied to predict the biological activity (log IC50) of one class of acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors, viz. aminosulfonyl ureas. ACAT are very effective agents for reduction of triglyceride and cholesterol levels in human body. Successful two parameter quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are developed with a combination of relevant global and local DFT based descriptors for prediction of biological activity of aminosulfonyl ureas. The global descriptors, electron affinity of the ACAT inhibitors (EA) and/or charge transfer (ΔN) between inhibitors and model biosystems (NA bases and DNA base pairs) along with the local group atomic charge on sulfonyl moiety (∑QSul) of the inhibitors reveals more than 90% efficacy of the selected descriptors for predicting the experimental log (IC50) values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Mondal Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Tarsadi 394 350 India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xiang X, Wu Y, Planta J, Messing J, Leustek T. Overexpression of serine acetyltransferase in maize leaves increases seed-specific methionine-rich zeins. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:1057-1067. [PMID: 29044890 PMCID: PMC5902772 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize kernels do not contain enough of the essential sulphur-amino acid methionine (Met) to serve as a complete diet for animals, even though maize has the genetic capacity to store Met in kernels. Prior studies indicated that the availability of the sulphur (S)-amino acids may limit their incorporation into seed storage proteins. Serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a key control point for S-assimilation leading to Cys and Met biosynthesis, and SAT overexpression is known to enhance S-assimilation without negative impact on plant growth. Therefore, we overexpressed Arabidopsis thaliana AtSAT1 in maize under control of the leaf bundle sheath cell-specific rbcS1 promoter to determine the impact on seed storage protein expression. The transgenic events exhibited up to 12-fold higher SAT activity without negative impact on growth. S-assimilation was increased in the leaves of SAT overexpressing plants, followed by higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa δ-zein, during endosperm development. This zein is known to impact the level of Met stored in kernels. The elite event with the highest expression of AtSAT1 showed 1.40-fold increase in kernel Met. When fed to chickens, transgenic AtSAT1 kernels significantly increased growth rate compared with the parent maize line. The result demonstrates the efficacy of increasing maize nutritional value by SAT overexpression without apparent yield loss. Maternal overexpression of SAT in vegetative tissues was necessary for high-Met zein accumulation. Moreover, SAT overcomes the shortage of S-amino acids that limits the expression and accumulation of high-Met zeins during kernel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Xiang
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear TechnologySichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology & EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - José Planta
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Joachim Messing
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Thomas Leustek
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lei L, Chen J, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhao G, Chen ZY. Dietary Wheat Bran Oil Is Equally as Effective as Rice Bran Oil in Reducing Plasma Cholesterol. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:2765-2774. [PMID: 29502409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) possesses a plasma cholesterol-lowering activity, while effect of wheat bran oil (WBO) on plasma cholesterol remains unknown. The present study compared the cholesterol-lowering activity of WBO with that of RBO in hamsters. Fifty-four male hamsters were divided into seven groups fed either a noncholesterol diet (NCD) or one of six high-cholesterol diets, namely HCD diet (0.2% cholesterol +9.5% lard), HCD+C diet (0.2% cholesterol +9.5% lard +0.5% cholestyramine), WL diet (0.2% cholesterol +4.8% Lard +4.8% WBO), WH diet (0.2% cholesterol +9.5% WBO), RL diet (0.2% cholesterol +4.8% Lard +4.8% RBO), and RH diet (0.2% cholesterol +9.5% RBO). Plasma total cholesterol (TC) in HCD group was 327.4 ± 31.8 mg/dL, while plasma TC in two WBO and two RBO groups was 242.2 ± 20.8, 243.1 ± 31.7, 257.1 ± 16.3, and 243.4 ± 46.0 mg/dL, respectively, leading to a decrease in plasma TC by 22-26% ( P < 0.01). No significant difference in cholesterol-lowering potency was seen between WBO and RBO. Plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of WBO and RBO was accompanied by down-regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and fatty acid synthase, while up-regulation of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase. WL, WH, RL, and RH diets increased the fecal excretion of total neutral sterols by 72.8%, 106.9%, 5.4%, and 36.8% ( P < 0.01) respectively. Results indicated WBO and RBO could inhibit cholesterol absorption via down-regulation of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 protein, acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2, and ATP binding cassette transporter 5. In summary, WBO was equally effective as RBO in decreasing plasma cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia hamsters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lei
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong, Kong , China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- School of Public Health , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen , China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong, Kong , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohtawa M, Arima S, Ichida N, Terayama T, Ohno H, Yamazaki T, Ohshiro T, Sato N, Omura S, Tomoda H, Nagamitsu T. Design and Synthesis of A-Ring Simplified Pyripyropene A Analogues as Potent and Selective Synthetic SOAT2 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:411-421. [PMID: 29323466 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently, pyripyropene A, which is isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus fumigatus FO-1289, is the only compound known to strongly and selectively inhibit the isozyme sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2). To aid in the development of new cholesterol-lowering or anti-atherosclerotic agents, new A-ring simplified pyripyropene A analogues have been designed and synthesized based on total synthesis, and the results of structure-activity relationship studies of pyripyropene A. Among the analogues, two A-ring simplified pyripyropene A analogues exhibited equally efficient SOAT2 inhibitory activity to that of natural pyripyropene A. These new analogues are the most potent and selective SOAT2 inhibitors to be used as synthetic compounds and attractive seed compounds for the development of drug for dyslipidemia, including atherosclerotic disease and steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ohtawa
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shiho Arima
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichida
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomiaki Terayama
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hironao Ohno
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takaya Yamazaki
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Omura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagamitsu
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang F, Chen G, Ma M, Qiu N, Zhu L, Li J. Fatty acids modulate the expression levels of key proteins for cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 monolayer. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:32. [PMID: 29463265 PMCID: PMC5819267 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids have been shown to modulate intestinal cholesterol absorption in cells and animals, a process that is mediated by several transporter proteins. Of these proteins, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a major contributor to this process. The current study investigates the unknown mechanism by which fatty acids modulate cholesterol absorption. METHODS We evaluated the effects of six fatty acids palmitic acid (PAM), oleic acid (OLA), linoleic acid (LNA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cholesterol uptake and transport in human enterocytes Caco-2 cells, and on the mRNA expression levels of NPC1L1, others proteins (ABCG5, ABCG8, ABCA1, ACAT2, MTP, Caveolin 1, Annexin-2) involved in cholesterol absorption, and SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 that are responsible for lipid metabolism. RESULTS The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially for EPA and DHA, dose-dependently inhibited cholesterol uptake and transport in Caco-2 monolayer, while saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) had no inhibitory effects. EPA and DHA inhibited cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 monolayer might be caused by down-regulating NPC1L1 mRNA and protein levels, which were associated with inhibition of SREBP-1/- 2 mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSION Results from this study indicate that functional food containing high PUFAs may have potential therapeutic benefit to reduce cholesterol absorption. Further studies on this topic may provide approaches to control lipid metabolism and to promote health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Meihu Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Qiu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjiao Zhu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lopez AM, Chuang JC, Turley SD. Impact of loss of SOAT2 function on disease progression in the lysosomal acid lipase-deficient mouse. Steroids 2018; 130:7-14. [PMID: 29246491 PMCID: PMC5760480 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although only a small proportion of cholesterol in the body is esterified, in several diseases marked expansion of the esterified cholesterol (EC) pool occurs. These include Wolman disease (WD) and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease (CESD) which both result from mutations in LIPA, the gene that encodes lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). The respective contributions that our three cholesterol esterifying enzymes make to EC production, especially in disorders like CESD, are not well defined. The current studies represent a detailed exploration of our earlier findings in young male LAL-deficient mice also missing sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2, also called ACAT2). Here we show that, even as they aged, male and female Lal-/-: Soat2- /- mice, compared to Lal-/-: Soat2+/+ littermates, had appreciably less hepatomegaly as well as a marked reduction in the level of sequestration of EC, in liver transaminase activities, and in hepatic mRNA expression levels for markers of inflammation. Loss of SOAT2 function also dramatically curtailed EC entrapment in the small intestine of the LAL-deficient mice. Together, these data imply that SOAT2 inhibition, if applied concurrently with enzyme replacement therapy for LAL deficiency, may blunt the re-esterification of newly released unesterified cholesterol thereby improving clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| | - Jen-Chieh Chuang
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
To explore the effect of leech on lipid metabolism and liver function in hyperlipidemia rats and the possible mechanism, biochemical analyzer was used to examine the regulation of leech on levels of serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). The levels of ALT and AST in serum were detected by ELISA. The proteins expression of ACAT-2, Fas and HMGCR in liver tissue was detected by Western blot. The weight of body and liver were weighed, and liver index was calculated. Oil red O staining was used to observe the lipid accumulation in liver tissue of rats by light Microscope. The results showed that leech could decrease the levels of TC, LDL-C obviously, and increase HDL-C, decrease the levels of ALT, AST and the liver index, down-regulate the proteins expression of ACAT-2, Fas and HMGCR. And oil red O staining indicated that the lipid accumulation was less in the liver tissue of the rats intervented by leech. These data indicated that leech may affect the expression of ACAT-2, Fas and HMGCR in liver tissue to reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acid, and promote the cholesterol transforming, then regulate lipid metabolism to decrease the levels of serum lipid, and reduce lipid accumulation in liver tissue and ease liver injury of rats, then slowing down the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in hyperlipidemia rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kui Wu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang L, Zhu H, Zhao Y, Jiao R, Lei L, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Wang T, Chen ZY. Cranberry anthocyanin as an herbal medicine lowers plasma cholesterol by increasing excretion of fecal sterols. Phytomedicine 2018; 38:98-106. [PMID: 29425660 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in using herbal medicines to treat the hypercholesterolemia is increasing. Cranberry extract could decrease plasma cholesterol, however, the active ingredients and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. HYPOTHESIS The present study was to test the hypothesis that cranberry anthocyanins (CrA) were at least one of the active ingredients responsible for the cholesterol-lowering activity of cranberry fruits via a mechanism of increasing fecal sterol excretion. METHODS Forty-four hamsters were randomly divided into five groups and fed one of the five diets, namely a non-cholesterol control diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol control diet (HCD), a HCD diet supplemented with a low dose of 1% CrA (CL), a HCD diet supplemented with a high dose of 2% CrA (CH), and a HCD diet supplemented with 0.5% cholestyramine as a positive control drug (P-CTL), respectively, for six weeks. Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol was quantified using the enzymatic kits, while the gene expressions of transporters, enzymes and receptors involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism were quantified using the quantitative RT-PCR. Fecal sterols were quantified using gas chromatography (GC). RESULTS Plasma total cholesterol and aorta atherosclerotic plaque decreased dose-dependently with the increasing amounts of CrA added into diets. This was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in excretion of both neutral and acidic sterols. CrA had no effect on the mRNA levels of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 protein (NPC1L1), acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase2 (ACAT2), microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP), and ATP binding cassette transporter 5 (ABCG5) as well as hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl reductase (HMG-CoA-R), sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), LDL receptor (LDL-R), and Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα). CONCLUSION CrA as an herbal medicine could favorably modify the lipoprotein profile in hamsters fed a high cholesterol diet by enhancing excretion of fecal neutral and acidic sterols, most likely not mediated by interaction with genes of transporters, enzymes and proteins involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- Lipids Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengnan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiejie Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rajapakse D, Peterson K, Mishra S, Wistow G. Serum starvation of ARPE-19 changes the cellular distribution of cholesterol and Fibulin3 in patterns reminiscent of age-related macular degeneration. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:333-341. [PMID: 29097185 PMCID: PMC5701823 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated as key source of cholesterol-rich deposits at Bruch's membrane (BrM) and in drusen in aging human eye. We have shown that serum-deprivation of confluent RPE cells is associated with upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC). Here we investigate the cellular processes involved in this response. We compared the distribution and localization of UC and esterified cholesterol (EC); the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated EFEMP1/Fibulin3 (Fib3); and levels of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT) ACAT1, ACAT2 and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in ARPE-19 cells cultured in serum-supplemented and serum-free media. The results were compared with distributions of these lipids and proteins in human donor eyes with AMD. Serum deprivation of ARPE-19 was associated with increased formation of FM dye-positive membrane vesicles, many of which co-labeled for UC. Additionally, UC colocalized with Fib3 in distinct granules. By day 5, serum-deprived cells grown on transwells secreted Fib3 basally into the matrix. While mRNA and protein levels of ACTA1 were constant over several days of serum-deprivation, ACAT2 levels increased significantly after serum-deprivation, suggesting increased formation of EC. The lower levels of intracellular EC observed under serum-deprivation were associated with increased formation and secretion of ApoB. The responses to serum-deprivation in RPE-derived cells: accumulation and secretion of lipids, lipoproteins, and Fib3 are very similar to patterns seen in human donor eyes with AMD and suggest that this model mimics processes relevant to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha Rajapakse
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Katherine Peterson
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sanghamitra Mishra
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Graeme Wistow
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 6 Room 106, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhou X, Ren F, Wei H, Liu L, Shen T, Xu S, Wei J, Ren J, Ni H. Combination of berberine and evodiamine inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:239. [PMID: 29228954 PMCID: PMC5725942 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia characterized of elevated serum lipid levels is a prevalent disease frequently resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Berberine and evodiamine are herbal products of traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa, which are indicated to exert regulation of lipid metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of berberine and evodiamine combination in hyperlipidemic rats. METHOD The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established by providing high-fat-diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Berberine (BB), evodiamine (EV), and their combination (BB + EV) were orally administered to HFD induced rats for 4 weeks. Body weight, food utilization, histopathology of liver tissues, lipid profiles of serum and liver were measured. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was applied to examine the level of plasma total cholesterol and ß- Sitosterol (BS) to estimate cholesterol absorption activity. Furthermore, intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2, and ApoB48 protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay. RESULT According to the results, decreased levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as hepatic TC were showed in hyperlipidemic rats treated by combination of berberine and evodiamine. GC analysis indicated that the elevated plasma BS was significantly ameliorated by BB, EV, and BB + EV. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BB + EV treatment down-regulated the expressions of intestinal NPC1L1 and ACAT2, and ApoB48 in HFD induced rats. CONCLUSION Based on the above results, combination of berberine and evodiamine exerted a promising preventive effect on hyperlipidemia, partially through inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fengying Ren
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Hong Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- School of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiangping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiayue Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hengfan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Geyer J, Bakhaus K, Bernhardt R, Blaschka C, Dezhkam Y, Fietz D, Grosser G, Hartmann K, Hartmann MF, Neunzig J, Papadopoulos D, Sánchez-Guijo A, Scheiner-Bobis G, Schuler G, Shihan M, Wrenzycki C, Wudy SA, Bergmann M. The role of sulfated steroid hormones in reproductive processes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:207-221. [PMID: 27392637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated steroid hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or estrone-3-sulfate, have long been regarded as inactive metabolites as they cannot activate classical steroid receptors. Some of them are present in the blood circulation at quite high concentrations, but generally sulfated steroids exhibit low membrane permeation due to their hydrophilic properties. However, sulfated steroid hormones can actively be imported into specific target cells via uptake carriers, such as the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT, and, after hydrolysis by the steroid sulfatase (so-called sulfatase pathway), contribute to the overall regulation of steroid responsive organs. To investigate the biological significance of sulfated steroid hormones for reproductive processes in humans and animals, the research group "Sulfated Steroids in Reproduction" was established by the German Research Foundation DFG (FOR1369). Projects of this group deal with transport of sulfated steroids, sulfation of free steroids, desulfation by the steroid sulfatase, effects of sulfated steroids on steroid biosynthesis and membrane receptors as well as MS-based profiling of sulfated steroids in biological samples. This review and concept paper presents key findings from all these projects and provides a broad overview over the current research on sulfated steroid hormones in the field of reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bakhaus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carina Blaschka
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yaser Dezhkam
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gary Grosser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Hartmann
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Wrenzycki
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang YJ, Bian Y, Luo J, Lu M, Xiong Y, Guo SY, Yin HY, Lin X, Li Q, Chang CCY, Chang TY, Li BL, Song BL. Cholesterol and fatty acids regulate cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 through competitive oxidation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:808-819. [PMID: 28604676 PMCID: PMC5518634 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin linkage to cysteine is an unconventional modification targeting protein for degradation. However, the physiological regulation of cysteine ubiquitylation is still mysterious. Here we found that ACAT2, a cellular enzyme converting cholesterol and fatty acid to cholesteryl esters, was ubiquitylated on Cys277 for degradation when the lipid level was low. gp78-Insigs catalysed Lys48-linked polyubiquitylation on this Cys277. A high concentration of cholesterol and fatty acid, however, induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidized Cys277, resulting in ACAT2 stabilization and subsequently elevated cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, ACAT2 knockout mice were more susceptible to high-fat diet-associated insulin resistance. By contrast, expression of a constitutively stable form of ACAT2 (C277A) resulted in higher insulin sensitivity. Together, these data indicate that lipid-induced stabilization of ACAT2 ameliorates lipotoxicity from excessive cholesterol and fatty acid. This unconventional cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 constitutes an important mechanism for sensing lipid-overload-induced ROS and fine-tuning lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Catherine CY Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kobayashi K, Ohshiro T, Tomoda H, Yin F, Cui HL, Chouthaiwale PV, Tanaka F. Discovery of SOAT2 inhibitors from synthetic small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5899-5901. [PMID: 27876317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of new functionalized molecules and identification of biofunctional molecules can lead to the development of therapeutic leads and molecular tools for biomedical research. We have recently reported oxa-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of enones with isatins to provide functionalized spirooxindole tetrahydropyran derivatives. Twenty-one compounds from the spirooxindole tetrahydropyran derivatives and related molecules were screened for inhibition of sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) isozymes SOAT1 and SOAT2. Three racemic derivatives inhibited the SOAT2 isozyme with three-fold or better selectivity for SOAT2 than for SOAT1. The enantiomerically enriched forms of the most efficient racemic inhibitor of SOAT2 were further evaluated; one enantiomer inhibited SOAT2 with an IC50 of 1.5μM and was 10-fold more selective for SOAT2 than SOAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Feng Yin
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pandurang V Chouthaiwale
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chang NY, Chan YJ, Ding ST, Lee YH, HuangFu WC, Liu IH. Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2 Contributes to the Yolk Cholesterol Trafficking during Zebrafish Embryogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167644. [PMID: 27936201 PMCID: PMC5147938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate whether Sterol O-acyltransferase (Soat) mediates the absorption and transportation of yolk lipids to the developing embryo, zebrafish soat1 and soat2 were cloned and studied. In the adult zebrafish, soat1 was detected ubiquitously while soat2 mRNA was detected specifically in the liver, intestine, brain and testis. Whole mount in situ hybridization demonstrated that both soat1 and soat2 expressed in the yolk syncytial layer, hatching gland and developing cardiovascular as well as digestive systems, suggesting that Soats may play important roles in the lipid trafficking and utilization during embryonic development. The enzymatic activity of zebrafish Soat2 was confirmed by Oil Red O staining in the HEK293 cells overexpressing this gene, and could be quenched by Soat2 inhibitor Pyripyropene A (PPPA). The zebrafish embryos injected with PPPA or morpholino oligo against soat2 in the yolk showed significantly larger yolk when compared with wild-type embryos, especially at 72 hpf, indicating a slower rate of yolk consumption. Our result indicated that zebrafish Soat2 is catalytically active in synthesizing cholesteryl esters and contributes to the yolk cholesterol trafficking during zebrafish embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yun Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun HuangFu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stöger JL, Boshuizen MCS, Brufau G, Gijbels MJJ, Wolfs IMJ, van der Velden S, Pöttgens CCH, Vergouwe MN, Wijnands E, Beckers L, Goossens P, Kerksiek A, Havinga R, Müller W, Lütjohann D, Groen AK, de Winther MPJ. Deleting myeloid IL-10 receptor signalling attenuates atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice by altering intestinal cholesterol fluxes. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:565-77. [PMID: 27358035 DOI: 10.1160/th16-01-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses and cholesterol homeostasis are interconnected in atherogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, known to suppress atherosclerosis development. However, the specific cell types responsible for the atheroprotective effects of IL-10 remain to be defined and knowledge on the actions of IL-10 in cholesterol homeostasis is scarce. Here we investigated the functional involvement of myeloid IL-10-mediated atheroprotection. To do so, bone marrow from IL-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) wild-type and myeloid IL-10R1-deficient mice was transplanted to lethally irradiated female LDLR-/- mice. Hereafter, mice were given a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks after which atherosclerosis development and cholesterol metabolism were investigated. In vitro, myeloid IL-10R1 deficiency resulted in a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. However, in vivo significantly reduced lesion size and severity was observed. This phenotype was associated with lower myeloid cell accumulation and more apoptosis in the lesions. Additionally, a profound reduction in plasma and liver cholesterol was observed upon myeloid IL-10R1 deficiency, which was reflected in plaque lipid content. This decreased hypercholesterolaemia was associated with lowered very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, likely as a response to decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption. In addition, IL-10R1 deficient mice demonstrated substantially higher faecal sterol loss caused by increased non-biliary cholesterol efflux. The induction of this process was linked to impaired ACAT2-mediated esterification of liver and plasma cholesterol. Overall, myeloid cells do not contribute to IL-10-mediated atheroprotection. In addition, this study demonstrates a novel connection between IL-10-mediated inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. These findings make us reconsider IL-10 as a beneficial influence on atherosclerosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Biological Transport, Active
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Menno P J de Winther
- Prof. M. P. J. de Winther, PhD, Experimental Vascular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 20 5666762, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|