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Bianco V, Svecla M, Vingiani GB, Kolb D, Schwarz B, Buerger M, Beretta G, Norata GD, Kratky D. Regional Differences in the Small Intestinal Proteome of Control Mice and of Mice Lacking Lysosomal Acid Lipase. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1506-1518. [PMID: 38422518 PMCID: PMC7615810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic contribution of the small intestine (SI) is still unclear despite recent studies investigating the involvement of single cells in regional differences. Using untargeted proteomics, we identified regional characteristics of the three intestinal tracts of C57BL/6J mice and found that proteins abundant in the mouse ileum correlated with the high ileal expression of the corresponding genes in humans. In the SI of C57BL/6J mice, we also detected an increasing abundance of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which is responsible for degrading triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters within the lysosome. LAL deficiency in patients and mice leads to lipid accumulation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and malabsorption. We previously demonstrated that macrophages massively infiltrated the SI of Lal-deficient (KO) mice, especially in the duodenum. Using untargeted proteomics (ProteomeXchange repository, data identifier PXD048378), we revealed a general inflammatory response and a common lipid-associated macrophage phenotype in all three intestinal segments of Lal KO mice, accompanied by a higher expression of GPNMB and concentrations of circulating sTREM2. However, only duodenal macrophages activated a metabolic switch from lipids to other pathways, which were downregulated in the jejunum and ileum of Lal KO mice. Our results provide new insights into the process of absorption in control mice and possible novel markers of LAL-D and/or systemic inflammation in LAL-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Vingiani
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core
Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical
University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department
of Environmental Science and Policy, Università
degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro
SISA per lo studio dell’Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Lin M, Zheng B, Zhang J. A study on cholesterol-cholesteryl ester metabolic homeostasis and drug intervention in hyperlipidemic hamsters using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115933. [PMID: 38154368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a global metabolic disorder characterized by dysregulation of lipid metabolism. This dysregulation is closely associated with the altered homeostasis of cholesterol-cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism in systemic circulation, and some organs. Additionally, the relationship between oxidized cholesteryl ester (oxCE) and the disease has also gained attention. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the alterations in cholesterol-CE metabolism in the context of hyperlipidemia, as well as the characteristics of lipid-lowering agents in regulating this metabolic state. Therefore, 40 oxCEs were identified in the hamster liver sample, and novel ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods were established for simultaneous analysis of cholesterol, 57 CEs, and 40 oxCEs in the serum, liver, adipose tissue, and intestine of hyperlipidemic hamsters. This study investigated the metabolic alterations between cholesterol-CE/oxCE in hyperlipidemic hamsters and those treated with lipid-lowering agents, including the Niemann-Pick-C1 like-1 protein (NPC1L1) inhibitor ezetimibe and the acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor avasimibe. The study findings demonstrate metabolic disorders in cholesterol-CE/oxCE homeostasis in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Lipid-lowering agent therapy can improve the metabolic dysregulation caused by hyperlipidemia, with distinct characteristics: ezetimibe is more effective in reducing cholesterol, while avasimibe is more effective in reducing CEs/oxCEs. Eight potential biomarkers indicating the dysregulation of cholesterol-CE metabolism caused by hyperlipidemia and its improvement by lipid-lowering agents have been identified in the serum. This study offers new insights into the hyperlipidemia pathophysiology and the mechanisms of lipid-lowering agents from a novel perspective on cholesterol-CE/oxCE metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Chen J, Curcio CA, Crosson JN. Shotgun lipidomics of human subretinal fluids under rod-dominant retina reveals cone-dominated lipids. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109807. [PMID: 38278468 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulates between photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Biomolecular components such as lipids originate from cells surrounding the SRF. Knowledge of the composition of these molecules in SRF potentially provides mechanistic insight into the physiologic transfer of lipids between retinal tissue compartments. Using mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis on an electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we identified a total of 115 lipid molecular species of 11 subclasses and 9 classes in two samples from two patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. These included 47 glycerophosphocholines, 6 glycerophosphoethanolamines, 1 glycerophosphoinositol, 18 sphingomyelins, 9 cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, 3 ceramides, 22 triacylglycerols and 8 free fatty acids. Glycerophosphocholines were of the highest intensity. By minimizing the formation of different adduct forms or clustering ions of different adducts, we determined the relative intensity of lipid molecular species within the same subclasses. The profiles were compared with those of retinal cells available in the published literature. The glycerophosphocholine profile of SRF was similar to that of cone outer segments, suggesting that outer segment degradation products are constitutively released into the interphotoreceptor matrix, appearing in SRF during detachment. This hypothesis was supported by the retinal distributions of corresponding lipid synthases' mRNA expression obtained from an online resource based on publicly available single-cell sequencing data. In contrast, based on lipid profiles and relevant gene expression in this study, the sources of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in SRF appeared more ambiguous, possibly reflecting that outer retina takes up plasma lipoproteins. Further studies to identify and quantify lipids in SRF will help better understand etiology of diseases relevant to outer retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Jason N Crosson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Wei W, Zhang L, Xin W, Pan Y, Tatenhorst L, Hao Z, Gerner ST, Huber S, Juenemann M, Butz M, Huttner HB, Bähr M, Fitzner D, Jia F, Doeppner TR. TREM2 regulates microglial lipid droplet formation and represses post-ischemic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115962. [PMID: 38042110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane receptor protein predominantly expressed in microglia within the central nervous system (CNS). TREM2 regulates multiple microglial functions, including lipid metabolism, immune reaction, inflammation, and microglial phagocytosis. Recent studies have found that TREM2 is highly expressed in activated microglia after ischemic stroke. However, the role of TREM2 in the pathologic response after stroke remains unclear. Herein, TREM2-deficient microglia exhibit an impaired phagocytosis rate and cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation, leading to lipid droplet formation and upregulation of Perilipin-2 (PLIN2) expression after hypoxia. Knockdown of TREM2 results in increased lipid synthesis (PLIN2, SOAT1) and decreased cholesterol clearance and lipid hydrolysis (LIPA, ApoE, ABCA1, NECH1, and NPC2), further impacting microglial phenotypes. In these lipid droplet-rich microglia, the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway is downregulated, driving microglia towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Meanwhile, in a neuron-microglia co-culture system under hypoxic conditions, we found that microglia lost their protective effect against neuronal injury and apoptosis when TREM2 was knocked down. Under in vivo conditions, TREM2 knockdown mice express lower TGF-β1 expression levels and a lower number of anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype microglia, resulting in increased cerebral infarct size, exacerbated neuronal apoptosis, and aggravated neuronal impairment. Our work suggests that TREM2 attenuates stroke-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. TREM2 may play a direct role in the regulation of inflammation and also exert an influence on the post-ischemic inflammation and the stroke pathology progression via regulation of lipid metabolism processes. Thus, underscoring the therapeutic potential of TREM2 agonists in ischemic stroke and making TREM2 an attractive new clinical target for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhongnan Hao
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Huber
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Butz
- Heart and Brain Research Group, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Fitzner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Chomiciute G, Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Crescenti A, Baselga-Escudero L, Palacios-Jordan H, Foguet-Romero E, Pedret A, Valls RM, Solà R, Mulero M, Del Bas JM. Developing a model to predict the early risk of hypertriglyceridemia based on inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL): a translational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22646. [PMID: 38114521 PMCID: PMC10730820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). One of the multiple origins of HTG alteration is impaired lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, which is an emerging target for HTG treatment. We hypothesised that early, even mild, alterations in LPL activity might result in an identifiable metabolomic signature. The aim of the present study was to assess whether a metabolic signature of altered LPL activity in a preclinical model can be identified in humans. A preclinical LPL-dependent model of HTG was developed using a single intraperitoneal injection of poloxamer 407 (P407) in male Wistar rats. A rat metabolomics signature was identified, which led to a predictive model developed using machine learning techniques. The predictive model was applied to 140 humans classified according to clinical guidelines as (1) normal, less than 1.7 mmol/L; (2) risk of HTG, above 1.7 mmol/L. Injection of P407 in rats induced HTG by effectively inhibiting plasma LPL activity. Significantly responsive metabolites (i.e. specific triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters and lysophospholipids) were used to generate a predictive model. Healthy human volunteers with the impaired predictive LPL signature had statistically higher levels of TG, TC, LDL and APOB than those without the impaired LPL signature. The application of predictive metabolomic models based on mechanistic preclinical research may be considered as a strategy to stratify subjects with HTG of different origins. This approach may be of interest for precision medicine and nutritional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gertruda Chomiciute
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Av/del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Àrea Biotecnologia, Reus, Spain.
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Luna-Luna M, Franco M, Carreón-Torres E, Pérez-Hernández N, Fragoso JM, Bautista-Pérez R, Pérez-Méndez Ó. Total Outflow of High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesteryl Esters from Plasma Is Decreased in a Model of 3/4 Renal Mass Reduction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17090. [PMID: 38069414 PMCID: PMC10707367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies have enriched high-density lipoproteins (HDL) using cholesteryl esters in rabbits with a three-quarter reduction in functional renal mass, suggesting that the kidneys participate in the cholesterol homeostasis of these lipoproteins. However, the possible role of the kidneys in lipoprotein metabolism is still controversial. To understand the role of the kidneys in regulating the HDL lipid content, we determined the turnover of HDL-cholesteryl esters in rabbits with a three-quarter renal mass reduction. (2) Methods: HDL subclass characterization was conducted, and the kinetics of plasma HDL-cholesteryl esters, labeled with tritium, were studied in rabbits with a 75% reduction in functional renal mass (Ntx). (3) Results: The reduced renal mass triggered the enrichment of cholesterol, specifically cholesteryl esters, in HDL subclasses. The exchange of cholesteryl esters between HDL and apo B-containing lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL) was not significantly modified in Ntx rabbits. Moreover, the cholesteryl esters of HDL and VLDL/LDL fluxes from the plasmatic compartment tended to decrease, but they only reached statistical significance when both fluxes were added to the Nxt group. Accordingly, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the HDL-cholesteryl esters was lower in Ntx rabbits, concomitantly with its accumulation in HDL subclasses, probably because of the reduced mass of renal cells requiring this lipid from lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luna-Luna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (E.C.-T.); (N.P.-H.); (J.M.F.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (E.C.-T.); (N.P.-H.); (J.M.F.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (E.C.-T.); (N.P.-H.); (J.M.F.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (E.C.-T.); (N.P.-H.); (J.M.F.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (E.C.-T.); (N.P.-H.); (J.M.F.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - Óscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia “Ignacio Chavez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-L.); (E.C.-T.); (N.P.-H.); (J.M.F.); (R.B.-P.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
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Gillard BK, Rosales C, Gotto AM, Pownall HJ. The pathophysiology of excess plasma-free cholesterol. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:278-286. [PMID: 37732779 PMCID: PMC10624414 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several large studies have shown increased mortality due to all-causes and to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In most clinical settings, plasma HDL-cholesterol is determined as a sum of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, two molecules with vastly different metabolic itineraries. We examine the evidence supporting the concept that the pathological effects of elevations of plasma HDL-cholesterol are due to high levels of the free cholesterol component of HDL-C. RECENT FINDINGS In a small population of humans, a high plasma HDL-cholesterol is associated with increased mortality. Similar observations in the HDL-receptor deficient mouse (Scarb1 -/- ), a preclinical model of elevated HDL-C, suggests that the pathological component of HDL in these patients is an elevated plasma HDL-FC. SUMMARY Collective consideration of the human and mouse data suggests that clinical trials, especially in the setting of high plasma HDL, should measure free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters and not just total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba K. Gillard
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Corina Rosales
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio M. Gotto
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Ølnes ÅS, Teigen M, Laerdahl JK, Leren TP, Strøm TB, Bjune K. Variants in the CETP gene affect levels of HDL cholesterol by reducing the amount, and not the specific lipid transfer activity, of secreted CETP. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294764. [PMID: 38039300 PMCID: PMC10691695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters in plasma from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Loss-of-function variants in the CETP gene cause elevated levels of HDL cholesterol. In this study, we have determined the functional consequences of 24 missense variants in the CETP gene. The 24 missense variants studied were the ones reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database and in the literature to affect HDL cholesterol levels, as well as two novel variants identified at the Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. METHODS HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with mutant CETP plasmids. The amounts of CETP protein in lysates and media were determined by Western blot analysis, and the lipid transfer activities of the CETP variants were determined by a fluorescence-based assay. RESULTS Four of the CETP variants were not secreted. Five of the variants were secreted less than 15% compared to the WT-CETP, while the other 15 variants were secreted in varying amounts. There was a linear relationship between the levels of secreted protein and the lipid transfer activities (r = 0.96, p<0.001). Thus, the secreted variants had similar specific lipid transfer activities. CONCLUSION The effect of the 24 missense variants in the CETP gene on the lipid transfer activity was mediated predominantly by their impact on the secretion of the CETP protein. The four variants that prevented CETP secretion cause autosomal dominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The five variants that markedly reduced secretion of the respective variants cause mild hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The majority of the remaining 15 variants had minor effects on the secretion of CETP, and are considered neutral genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K. Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, ELIXIR Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Poliakova T, Wellington CL. Roles of peripheral lipoproteins and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:86. [PMID: 37974180 PMCID: PMC10652636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review focuses on the role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and peripheral lipoproteins in the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Humans have a peripheral lipoprotein profile where low-density lipoproteins (LDL) represent the dominant lipoprotein fraction and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) represent a minor lipoprotein fraction. Elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are well-established to cause cardiovascular disease and several LDL-C-lowering therapies are clinically available to manage this vascular risk factor. The efficacy of LDL-C-lowering therapies to reduce risk of all-cause dementia and AD is now important to address as recent studies demonstrate a role for LDL in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as well as in all-cause dementia. The LDL:HDL ratio in humans is set mainly by CETP activity, which exchanges cholesteryl esters for triglycerides across lipoprotein fractions to raise LDL and lower HDL as CETP activity increases. Genetic and pharmacological studies support the hypothesis that CETP inhibition reduces cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL, which, by extension, may also lower VCID. Unlike humans, wild-type mice do not express catalytically active CETP and have HDL as their major lipoprotein fraction. As HDL has potent beneficial effects on endothelial cells, the naturally high HDL levels in mice protect them from vascular disorders, likely including VCID. Genetic restoration of CETP expression in mice to generate a more human-like lipid profile may increase the relevance of murine models for VCID studies. The therapeutic potential of existing and emerging LDL-lowering therapies for VCID will be discussed. Figure Legend. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. CETP is mainly produced by the liver, and exchanges cholesteryl esters for triglycerides across lipoprotein fractions to raise circulating LDL and lower HDL as CETP activity increases. Low CETP activity is associated with better cardiovascular health, due to decreased LDL and increased HDL, which may also improve brain health. Although most peripheral lipoproteins cannot enter the brain parenchyma due to the BBB, it is increasingly appreciated that direct access to the vascular endothelium may enable peripheral lipoproteins to have indirect effects on brain health. Thus, lipoproteins may affect the cerebrovasculature from both sides of the BBB. Recent studies show an association between elevated plasma LDL, a well-known cardiovascular risk factor, and a higher risk of AD, and considerable evidence suggests that high HDL levels are associated with reduced CAA and lower neuroinflammation. Considering the potential detrimental role of LDL in AD and the importance of HDL's beneficial effects on endothelial cells, high CETP activity may lead to compromised BBB integrity, increased CAA deposits and greater neuroinflammation. Abbreviations: CETP - cholesteryl transfer ester protein; LDL - low-density lipoproteins; HDL - high-density lipoproteins; BBB - blood-brain barrier; CAA - cerebral amyloid angiopathy, SMC - smooth muscle cells, PVM - perivascular macrophages, RBC - red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Poliakova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Hoeffner N, Paul A, Goo YH. Drug screen identifies verteporfin as a regulator of lipid metabolism in macrophage foam cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19588. [PMID: 37949969 PMCID: PMC10638409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial macrophage foam cells are filled with cholesterol ester (CE) stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). Foam cells are central players in progression of atherosclerosis as regulators of lipid metabolism and inflammation, two major driving forces of atherosclerosis development. Thus, foam cells are considered plausible targets for intervention in atherosclerosis. However, a compound that directly regulates the lipid metabolism of LDs in the arterial foam cells has not yet been identified. In this study, we screened compounds that inhibit macrophage foam cell formation using a library of 2697 FDA-approved drugs. From the foam cells generated via loading of human oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), we found 21 and 6 compounds that reduced and enhanced accumulations of lipids respectively. Among them, verteporfin most significantly reduced oxLDL-induced foam cell formation whereas it did not display a significant impact on foam cell formation induced by fatty acid. Mechanistically our data demonstrate that verteporfin acts via inhibition of oxLDL association with macrophages, reducing accumulation of CE. Interestingly, while other drugs that reduced foam cell formation did not have impact on pre-existing foam cells, verteporfin treatment significantly reduced their total lipids, CE, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Together, our study identifies verteporfin as a novel regulator of foam cell lipid metabolism and inflammation and a potential compound for intervention in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hoeffner
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology Department, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Antoni Paul
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology Department, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Young-Hwa Goo
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology Department, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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11
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Wang Z, Yelamanchili D, Liu J, Gotto AM, Rosales C, Gillard BK, Pownall HJ. Serum opacity factor normalizes erythrocyte morphology in Scarb1 -/- mice in an HDL-free cholesterol-dependent way. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100456. [PMID: 37821077 PMCID: PMC10641538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with WT mice, HDL receptor-deficient (Scarb1-/-) mice have higher plasma levels of free cholesterol (FC)-rich HDL and exhibit multiple pathologies associated with a high mol% FC in ovaries, platelets, and erythrocytes, which are reversed by lowering HDL. Bacterial serum opacity factor (SOF) catalyzes the opacification of plasma by targeting and quantitatively converting HDL to neo HDL (HDL remnant), a cholesterol ester-rich microemulsion, and lipid-free APOA1. SOF delivery with an adeno-associated virus (AAVSOF) constitutively lowers plasma HDL-FC and reverses female infertility in Scarb1-/- mice in an HDL-dependent way. We tested whether AAVSOF delivery to Scarb1-/- mice will normalize erythrocyte morphology in an HDL-FC-dependent way. We determined erythrocyte morphology and FC content (mol%) in three groups-WT, untreated Scarb1-/- (control), and Scarb1-/- mice receiving AAVSOF-and correlated these with their respective HDL-mol% FC. Plasma-, HDL-, and tissue-lipid compositions were also determined. Plasma- and HDL-mol% FC positively correlated across all groups. Among Scarb1-/- mice, AAVSOF treatment normalized reticulocyte number, erythrocyte morphology, and erythrocyte-mol% FC. Erythrocyte-mol% FC positively correlated with HDL-mol% FC and with both the number of reticulocytes and abnormal erythrocytes. AAVSOF treatment also reduced FC of extravascular tissues to a lesser extent. HDL-FC spontaneously transfers from plasma HDL to cell membranes. AAVSOF treatment lowers erythrocyte-FC and normalizes erythrocyte morphology and lipid composition by reducing HDL-mol% FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Departments of Endocrinology and Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Departments of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corina Rosales
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baiba K Gillard
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Ben Hassen C, Goupille C, Vigor C, Durand T, Guéraud F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Frank PG. Is cholesterol a risk factor for breast cancer incidence and outcome? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106346. [PMID: 37321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays important roles in many physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, hormone synthesis, and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The role of cholesterol in breast cancer is complex, and some studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, while others have found no significant association. On the other hand, other studies have shown that, for total cholesterol and plasma HDL-associated cholesterol levels, there was inverse association with breast cancer risk. One possible mechanism by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk is as a key precursor of estrogen. Other potential mechanisms by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk include its role in inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to cancer progression. Cholesterol has also been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism can generate tumor promoters such as cholesteryl esters, oncosterone, 27-hydroxycholesterol but also tumor suppressor metabolites such as dendrogenin A. This review summarizes some of the most important clinical studies that have evaluated the role of cholesterol or its derivatives in breast cancer. It also addresses the role of cholesterol and its derivatives at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRAE, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; SGS Health and Nutrition, Saint Benoît, France.
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Mills K, Sheets J, Teeple K, Mann A, Suarez-Trujillo A, Stewart K, Ferreira C, Casey T. Low colostrum intake results in potential accumulation of peroxisome lipid substrates in vaginal tissue of 3-week-old gilts. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060044. [PMID: 37566396 PMCID: PMC10434361 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low colostrum intake relates to poorer health and infertility in swine. We previously connected vaginal lipid profiles at weaning to fertility of sows. We hypothesized vaginal lipidome varied with colostrum intake. Our objective was to determine whether indicators of colostrum intake, immunocrit (IM) and weight gain 24 h postnatal (PN), related to vaginal lipids at d21 PN. Gilts (n=60) were weighed and blood sampled to measure IM. On d21 PN vaginal swabs were taken and lipids measured using multiple reaction monitoring. Abundance of multiple lipids differed (P<0.05) between gilts categorized as high versus low IM and high versus low 24 h gain. The abundance of multiple lipids correlated with IM and 24 h gain. Phosphatidylcholine PC(36:3), PC(36:2), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) positively (P<0.05) correlated with IM. The ether lipid PCo(38:6) and multiple cholesteryl esters negatively (P<0.05) correlated with IM. ROC analysis indicated arachidonic acid and docosanoic acid (C22:0) may serve as excellent biomarkers that distinguish between high and low IM. Similar to gilts found to be infertile, lipid profiles of low colostrum intake animals had greater abundance of very long chain fatty acids, lipids with high levels of unsaturation, and cholesteryl esters, which are metabolized in peroxisomes indicating their potential dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Mills
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jocelyn Sheets
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kelsey Teeple
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Adrianna Mann
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Kara Stewart
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Zhao Y, Hao D, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Yang Z. Dissecting the Structural Dynamics of Authentic Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein for the Discovery of Potential Lead Compounds: A Theoretical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12252. [PMID: 37569628 PMCID: PMC10418423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current structural and functional investigations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor design are nearly entirely based on a fully active mutation (CETPMutant) constructed for protein crystallization, limiting the study of the dynamic structural features of authentic CETP involved in lipid transport under physiological conditions. In this study, we conducted comprehensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of both authentic CETP (CETPAuthentic) and CETPMutant. Considering the structural differences between the N- and C-terminal domains of CETPAuthentic and CETPMutant, and their crucial roles in lipid transfer, we identified the two domains as binding pockets of the ligands for virtual screening to discover potential lead compounds targeting CETP. Our results revealed that CETPAuthentic displays greater flexibility and pronounced curvature compared to CETPMutant. Employing virtual screening and MD simulation strategies, we found that ZINC000006242926 has a higher binding affinity for the N- and C-termini, leading to reduced N- and C-opening sizes, disruption of the continuous tunnel, and increased curvature of CETP. In conclusion, CETPAuthentic facilitates the formation of a continuous tunnel in the "neck" region, while CETPMutant does not exhibit such characteristics. The ligand ZINC000006242926 screened for binding to the N- and C-termini induces structural changes in the CETP unfavorable to lipid transport. This study sheds new light on the relationship between the structural and functional mechanisms of CETP. Furthermore, it provides novel ideas for the precise regulation of CETP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
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15
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Dalen KT, Li Y. Regulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol metabolism in adrenal cortical cells. Vitam Horm 2023; 124:79-136. [PMID: 38408810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal gland is composed of two distinctly different endocrine moieties. The interior medulla consists of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the exterior cortex consists of steroidogenic cortical cells that produce steroid hormones, such as mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisone and cortisol) and androgens. Synthesis of steroid hormones in cortical cells requires substantial amounts of cholesterol, which is the common precursor for steroidogenesis. Cortical cells may acquire cholesterol from de novo synthesis and uptake from circulating low- and high-density lipoprotein particles (LDL and HDL). As cholesterol is part of the plasma membrane in all mammalian cells and an important regulator of membrane fluidity, cellular levels of free cholesterol are tightly regulated. To ensure a robust supply of cholesterol for steroidogenesis and to avoid cholesterol toxicity, cortical cells store large amounts of cholesterol as cholesteryl esters in intracellular lipid droplets. Cortical steroidogenesis relies on both mobilization of cholesterol from lipid droplets and constant uptake of circulating cholesterol to replenish lipid droplet stores. This chapter will describe mechanisms involved in cholesterol uptake, cholesteryl ester synthesis, lipid droplet formation, hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters, as well as their impact on steroidogenesis. Additionally, animal models and human diseases characterized by altered cortical cholesteryl ester storage, with or without abnormal steroidogenesis, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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16
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Duell PB, Maki KC. From the Editors: Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP): Still a promising therapeutic strategy? J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:425-426. [PMID: 37798050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
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17
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Domingues N, Marques ARA, Calado RDA, Ferreira IS, Ramos C, Ramalho J, Soares MIL, Pereira T, Oliveira L, Vicente JR, Wong LH, Simões ICM, Pinho E Melo TMVD, Peden A, Almeida CG, Futter CE, Puertollano R, Vaz WLC, Vieira OV. Oxidized cholesteryl ester induces exocytosis of dysfunctional lysosomes in lipidotic macrophages. Traffic 2023; 24:284-307. [PMID: 37129279 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A key event in atherogenesis is the formation of lipid-loaded macrophages, lipidotic cells, which exhibit irreversible accumulation of undigested modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in lysosomes. This event culminates in the loss of cell homeostasis, inflammation, and cell death. Nevertheless, the exact chemical etiology of atherogenesis and the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the impairment of lysosome function in plaque macrophages are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that macrophages exposed to cholesteryl hemiazelate (ChA), one of the most prevalent products of LDL-derived cholesteryl ester oxidation, exhibit enlarged peripheral dysfunctional lysosomes full of undigested ChA and neutral lipids. Both lysosome area and accumulation of neutral lipids are partially irreversible. Interestingly, the dysfunctional peripheral lysosomes are more prone to fuse with the plasma membrane, secreting their undigested luminal content into the extracellular milieu with potential consequences for the pathology. We further demonstrate that this phenotype is mechanistically linked to the nuclear translocation of the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors. The induction of lysosome biogenesis by ChA appears to partially protect macrophages from lipid-induced cytotoxicity. In sum, our data show that ChA is involved in the etiology of lysosome dysfunction and promotes the exocytosis of these organelles. This latter event is a new mechanism that may be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Domingues
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André R A Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Diogo Almeida Calado
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês S Ferreira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Ramos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Ramalho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria I L Soares
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Oliveira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José R Vicente
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Louise H Wong
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Inês C M Simões
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Andrew Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science & Center for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Cláudia Guimas Almeida
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clare E Futter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Winchil L C Vaz
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otília V Vieira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Butovich IA, Wilkerson A, Goggans KR, Belyaeva OV, Kedishvili NY, Yuksel S. Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 control a dormant pathway at a bifurcation point between meibogenesis and sebogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104725. [PMID: 37075844 PMCID: PMC10206187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 encode proteins that belong to a superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR16C5 and SDR16C6). Simultaneous inactivation of these genes in double-KO (DKO) mice was previously shown to result in a marked enlargement of the mouse Meibomian glands (MGs) and sebaceous glands, respectively. However, the exact roles of SDRs in physiology and biochemistry of MGs and sebaceous glands have not been established yet. Therefore, we characterized, for the first time, meibum and sebum of Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6-null (DKO) mice using high-resolution MS and LC. In this study, we demonstrated that the mutation upregulated the overall production of MG secretions (also known as meibogenesis) and noticeably altered their lipidomic profile, but had a more subtle effect on sebogenesis. The major changes in meibum of DKO mice included abnormal accumulation of shorter chain, sebaceous-type cholesteryl esters and wax esters (WEs), and a marked increase in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated and diunsaturated Meibomian-type WEs. Importantly, the MGs of DKO mice maintained their ability to produce typical extremely long chain Meibomian-type lipids at seemingly normal levels. These observations indicated preferential activation of a previously dormant biosynthetic pathway that produce shorter chain, and more unsaturated, sebaceous-type WEs in the MGs of DKO mice, without altering the elongation patterns of their extremely long chain Meibomian-type counterparts. We conclude that the Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6 pair may control a point of bifurcation in one of the meibogenesis subpathways at which biosynthesis of lipids can be redirected toward either abnormal sebaceous-type lipidome or normal Meibomian-type lipidome in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Amber Wilkerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Seher Yuksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Sazaki I, Sakurai T, Yamahata A, Mogi S, Inoue N, Ishida K, Kikkai A, Takeshita H, Sakurai A, Takahashi Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins Trigger Hepatocellular Oxidative Stress with the Formation of Cholesteryl Ester Hydroperoxide-Enriched Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054281. [PMID: 36901709 PMCID: PMC10002183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) induce oxidative stress in the liver tissue, leading to hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Precise information on the role of oxLDL in this process is needed to establish strategies for the prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we report the effects of native LDL (nLDL) and oxLDL on lipid metabolism, lipid droplet formation, and gene expression in a human liver-derived C3A cell line. The results showed that nLDL induced lipid droplets enriched with cholesteryl ester (CE) and promoted triglyceride hydrolysis and inhibited oxidative degeneration of CE in association with the altered expression of LIPE, FASN, SCD1, ATGL, and CAT genes. In contrast, oxLDL showed a striking increase in lipid droplets enriched with CE hydroperoxides (CE-OOH) in association with the altered expression of SREBP1, FASN, and DGAT1. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-OOH/PC was increased in oxLDL-supplemented cells as compared with other groups, suggesting that oxidative stress increased hepatocellular damage. Thus, intracellular lipid droplets enriched with CE-OOH appear to play a crucial role in NAFLD and NASH, triggered by oxLDL. We propose oxLDL as a novel therapeutic target and candidate biomarker for NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iku Sazaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamahata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumire Mogi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Nao Inoue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Koutaro Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ami Kikkai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hana Takeshita
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3693
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20
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Wang Q, Wu Y, Zhang W, Shen T, Li H, Wu J, Zhang L, Qin L, Chen R, Gu W, Sun Q, Liu C, Li R. Lipidomics and transcriptomics insight into impacts of microplastics exposure on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136591. [PMID: 36167205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), the emerging environmental pollutants, have attracted global attention due to the potential public health challenge and ecological security risk. Recent studies suggested liver as a vulnerable organ to MPs exposure, evidenced by abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism upon MPs intake in multiple animal species. However, the specific changes of lipid metabolism in mammalian livers, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain to be elucidated. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to normal drinking water or drinking water containing 100 μg L-1 or 1000 μg L-1 polystyrene (PS) MPs for 8 weeks. MPs exposure exerted no significant effect on body weight, serum triglyceride or total cholesteryl esters. However, mice showed impaired glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid deposition in response to high-dose MPs administration. Further lipidomic analysis showed significant alteration in hepatic lipid species particularly with free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in mice exposed to MPs. Meanwhile, the liver transcriptional profile indicated MPs exposure-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways of lipid metabolism and unfolded protein response. Furthermore, most altered lipid species were significantly correlated with DEGs enriched in lipid metabolic signaling. These findings provide lipidomic and transcriptional signatures of liver in response to MPs exposure, which will shed light on further understanding of the metabolic toxicity of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yunlu Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Shen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haizhu Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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21
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Pramfalk C, Ahmed O, Pedrelli M, Minniti ME, Luquet S, Denis RG, Olin M, Härdfeldt J, Vedin LL, Steffensen KR, Rydén M, Hodson L, Eriksson M, Parini P. Soat2 ties cholesterol metabolism to β-oxidation and glucose tolerance in male mice. J Intern Med 2022; 292:296-307. [PMID: 34982494 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (Soat2) encodes acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), which synthesizes cholesteryl esters in hepatocytes and enterocytes fated either to storage or to secretion into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. OBJECTIVES We aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to reduced hepatic steatosis when Soat2 is depleted in mice. METHODS Soat2-/- and wild-type mice were fed a high-fat, a high-carbohydrate, or a chow diet, and parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), and insulin tolerance tests significantly improved in Soat2-/- mice, irrespective of the dietary regimes (2-way ANOVA). The significant positive correlations between area under the curve (AUC) OGTT (r = 0.66, p < 0.05), serum fasting insulin (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), Adipo-IR (0.87, p < 0.05), hepatic triglycerides (TGs) (r = 0.89, p < 0.05), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and the hepatic cholesteryl esters in wild-type mice disappeared in Soat2-/- mice. Genetic depletion of Soat2 also increased whole-body oxidation by 30% (p < 0.05) compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ACAT2-generated cholesteryl esters negatively affect the metabolic control by retaining TG in the liver and that genetic inhibition of Soat2 improves liver steatosis via partitioning of lipids into secretory (VLDL-TG) and oxidative (fatty acids) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pramfalk
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirko E Minniti
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Olin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Härdfeldt
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lise-Lotte Vedin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Morimoto A, Fukuda K, Ito Y, Tahara U, Sasaki T, Shiohama A, Kawasaki H, Kawakami E, Naganuma T, Arita M, Sasaki H, Koseki H, Matsui T, Amagai M. Microbiota-Independent Spontaneous Dermatitis Associated With Increased Sebaceous Lipid Production in Tmem79-Deficient Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2864-2872.e6. [PMID: 35752300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TMEM79 is a predisposing gene for atopic dermatitis (AD). Tmem79-deficient mice develop spontaneous dermatitis in a biphasic pattern. The 1st-phase dermatitis is unique, as it occurs independent of microbiota status, whereas the 2nd-phase dermatitis is microbiota-dependent. In this study, we sought to identify key factors mediating the development of 1st-phase dermatitis. Structural analysis showed that sebaceous gland hyperplasia started from 1st-phase dermatitis. Longitudinal RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant activation of fatty acid lipid-metabolism pathways in 1st-phase dermatitis, whereas Th17-based immune response genes were highly expressed in 2nd-phase dermatitis. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that genes involved in fatty acid elongation and sebocyte differentiation were upregulated in 1st-phase dermatitis. The results of thin-layer chromatography supported these findings with an increased abundance of wax esters, cholesterol esters, and fatty alcohols in hair lipids. Further gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed an increase in total fatty acid production, including that of elongated C20-24 saturated and C18-24 mono-unsaturated fatty acids. Collectively, these results suggest that aberrant production of sebaceous long-chain fatty acids is associated with microbiota-independent dermatitis. Further investigation of Tmem79-deficient mice may clarify the role of certain fatty acids in dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Morimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keitaro Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Umi Tahara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Shiohama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Yokohama, Japan; Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Professional University of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Evolutionary Cell Biology of the Skin, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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23
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Mejhert N, Gabriel KR, Frendo-Cumbo S, Krahmer N, Song J, Kuruvilla L, Chitraju C, Boland S, Jang DK, von Grotthuss M, Costanzo MC, Rydén M, Olzmann JA, Flannick J, Burtt NP, Farese RV, Walther TC. The Lipid Droplet Knowledge Portal: A resource for systematic analyses of lipid droplet biology. Dev Cell 2022; 57:387-397.e4. [PMID: 35134345 PMCID: PMC9129885 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles of cellular lipid storage with fundamental roles in energy metabolism and cell membrane homeostasis. There has been an explosion of research into the biology of LDs, in part due to their relevance in diseases of lipid storage, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. Consequently, there is an increasing need for a resource that combines datasets from systematic analyses of LD biology. Here, we integrate high-confidence, systematically generated human, mouse, and fly data from studies on LDs in the framework of an online platform named the "Lipid Droplet Knowledge Portal" (https://lipiddroplet.org/). This scalable and interactive portal includes comprehensive datasets, across a variety of cell types, for LD biology, including transcriptional profiles of induced lipid storage, organellar proteomics, genome-wide screen phenotypes, and ties to human genetics. This resource is a powerful platform that can be utilized to identify determinants of lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katlyn R Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiunn Song
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leena Kuruvilla
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Discovery Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Boland
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dong-Keun Jang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcin von Grotthuss
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria C Costanzo
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center on the Causes and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CAP-CVD), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center on the Causes and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CAP-CVD), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Burakowska M, Sarna T, Pawlak AM. Comparison of photodynamic efficiency of cholesterol, selected cholesterol esters, metabolites and oxidation products on lipid peroxidation processes. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:527-533. [PMID: 34780130 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol (Ch) is one of the most important components of biological membranes, which has a significant impact on their biophysical properties. As a key component of lipid membranes, Ch along with other unsaturated lipids present in a biological membrane undergoes oxidation reaction during oxidative stress. Cholesterol oxidation products, cholesteryl esters and metabolites are also localise in lipid membranes, where they may modify membrane properties. In this work the impact of cholesterol, selected cholesteryl esters, cholesterol oxidation products and metabolites on lipid peroxidation induced by photodynamic action has been studied using EPR oximetry and direct detection of singlet oxygen phosphorescence at 1270 nm. The obtained rate constants values of interaction of selected lipids and sterols with singlet oxygen indicate that the tested compounds are not efficient singlet oxygen quenchers. Nevertheless, the presence of sterols modifies to different extend the oxygen photoconsumption rate in peroxidisable liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Burakowska
- 1Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; 2Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M Pawlak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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25
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Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if aging affects meibum lipid composition in non-meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)/non-dry eye (DE) population. Aging has been repeatedly linked to pathological changes in various tissues and organs, including the onset of MGD and DE, in a number of clinical and population-wide surveys. Both conditions have been associated with abnormal meibum secretion and composition, among other factors. However, the chemical basis for such a connection has not been established yet. Methods To identify and characterize possible changes in the meibum and meibogenesis with aging, lipidomic analyses of meibum samples collected from human subjects of two age groups - young (29 ± 5 years, n = 21) and elderly (68 ± 7 years, n = 29) - with similar male to female ratios in each group were conducted. Intact lipid species from major lipid groups of meibum (such as wax esters, cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, triacylglycerols, etc.) were compared using lipidome-wide untargeted (such as Principal Component Analysis) and targeted (such as Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis) approaches, along with focused analyses of specific lipid species in liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) experiments. Results Extremely high similarities of meibum lipids in the two age groups were observed, with only minor changes in the individual lipid species. The magnitude of the intergroup variability for tested lipid species was comparable to the intragroup variability for the same meibum components. No statistically significant differences in the lipid esterification, elongation, and unsaturation patterns were observed. Conclusions Chronological aging itself seems to have only minor effect on meibogenesis in healthy, non-MGD/non-DE subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto City Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Simões ICM, Amorim R, Teixeira J, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Carvalho A, Pereira SP, Simões RF, Szymanska S, Dąbrowski M, Janikiewicz J, Dobrzyń A, Oliveira PJ, Potes Y, Wieckowski MR. The Alterations of Mitochondrial Function during NAFLD Progression-An Independent Effect of Mitochondrial ROS Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136848. [PMID: 34202179 PMCID: PMC8268944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis implicates multiple mechanisms, chief of which is mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the sequence of events underlying mitochondrial failure are still poorly clarified. In this work, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat plus high-sucrose diet for 16, 20, 22, and 24 weeks to induce NAFL. Up to the 20th week, an early mitochondrial remodeling with increased OXPHOS subunits levels and higher mitochondrial respiration occurred. Interestingly, a progressive loss of mitochondrial respiration along "Western diet" feeding was identified, accompanied by higher susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Importantly, our findings prove that mitochondrial alterations and subsequent impairment are independent of an excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was found to be progressively diminished along with disease progression. Instead, increased peroxisomal abundance and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation-related pathway suggest that peroxisomes may contribute to hepatic ROS generation and oxidative damage, which may accelerate hepatic injury and disease progression. We show here for the first time the sequential events of mitochondrial alterations involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS are not one of the first hits that cause NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. M. Simões
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Ricardo Amorim
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | | | - Adriana Carvalho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LametEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui F. Simões
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Sylwia Szymanska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.-W.); (S.S.)
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (M.R.W.)
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27
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Wei L, Lu X, Weng S, Zhu S, Chen Y. Cholesteryl Ester Promotes Mammary Tumor Growth in MMTV-PyMT Mice and Activates Akt-mTOR Pathway in Tumor Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060853. [PMID: 34201030 PMCID: PMC8228430 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between intratumoral cholesteryl ester (CE) and tumor progression has been reported previously. The objective of our study was to investigate a causal effect of CE on mammary tumor progression. Using MMTV-PyMT (MMTV-polyoma virus middle T) transgenic mice and breast tumor cell MCF-7, we show that both exogenous and endogenous CE can increase mammary tumor growth, that CE upregulates the AKT/mTOR pathway, and that CE synthesis blockade suppresses this signaling pathway. Our data suggest that SOAT1, a sterol O-acyltransferase, may be a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengyun Wei
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuyang Lu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengmei Weng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (S.Z.)
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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28
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Sun HY, Chen TY, Tan YC, Wang CH, Young KC. Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 chaperoned by apolipoprotein J facilitates hepatic lipid accumulation following viral and nutrient stresses. Commun Biol 2021; 4:564. [PMID: 33980978 PMCID: PMC8115332 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include obese and non-obese stresses such as chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the regulatory determinants remain obscure. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) served as an ER-Golgi contact-site chaperone near lipid droplet (LD), facilitating HCV virion production. We hypothesized an interplay between hepatic ApoJ, cholesterol esterification and lipid deposit in response to NAFLD inducers. Exposures of HCV or free-fatty acids exhibited excess LDs along with increased ApoJ expression, whereas ApoJ silencing alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation. Both stresses could concomitantly disperse Golgi, induce closer ApoJ and sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) contacts via the N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions, and increase cholesteryl-ester. Furthermore, serum ApoJ correlated positively with cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in normal glycaemic HCV patients, NAFLD patients and in mice with steatosis. Taken together, hepatic ApoJ might activate SOAT2 to supply cholesteryl-ester for lipid loads, thus providing a therapeutic target of stress-induced steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Tan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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29
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia is considered at least partially responsible for the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients. The aim of the present study is to understand how hepatic de novo lipogenesis influences hepatic cholesterol content as well as its effects on the plasma lipid levels. Hepatic lipogenesis was induced in mice by feeding a fat-free/high-sucrose (FF/HS) diet and the metabolic pathways associated with cholesterol were then analyzed. Both liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents were significantly increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. Activation of fatty acid synthesis driven by the activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c resulted in the increased liver triglycerides. The augmented cholesterol content in the liver could not be explained by an increased cholesterol synthesis, which was decreased by the FF/HS diet. HMGCoA reductase protein level was decreased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. We found that the liver retained more cholesterol through a reduced excretion of bile acids, a reduced fecal cholesterol excretion, and an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoproteintriglyceride and -cholesterol secretion were increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet, which led to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Ldlr-/- mice, a model that exhibits a more human like lipoprotein profile. These findings suggest that dietary cholesterol intake and cholesterol synthesis rates cannot only explain the hypercholesterolemia associated with NAFLD, and that the control of fatty acid synthesis should be considered for the management of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Mathieu Berger
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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30
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Munir R, Lisec J, Jaeger C, Zaidi N. Abundance, fatty acid composition and saturation index of neutral lipids in colorectal cancer cell lines. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:115-118. [PMID: 33595227 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets, the dynamic organelles that store triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol esters (CE), are highly accumulated in colon cancer cells. This work studies the TG and CE subspecies profile in colon carcinoma cell lines, SW480 derived from primary tumor, and SW620 derived from a metastasis of the same tumor. It was previously reported that the total TG and CE content is dramatically higher in SW620 cells; however, TG and CE subspecies profile has not been investigated in detail. The work presented here confirms that the total TG and CE content is significantly higher in the SW620 cells. Moreover, the fatty acid (FA) composition of TG is significantly altered in the SW620 cells, with significant decrease in the abundance of saturated triglycerides. This resulted in a significantly decreased TG saturation index in the SW620 cells. The saturation index of CE was also significantly decreased in the SW620 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- 1Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Cancer Research Centre (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- 1Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Cancer Research Centre (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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31
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Butovich IA, Wilkerson A, Yuksel S. Depletion of Cholesteryl Esters Causes Meibomian Gland Dysfunction-Like Symptoms in a Soat1-Null Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1583. [PMID: 33557318 PMCID: PMC7915537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on ablation of several key genes of meibogenesis related to fatty acid elongation, omega oxidation, and esterification into wax esters have demonstrated that inactivation of any of them led to predicted changes in the meibum lipid profiles and caused severe abnormalities in the ocular surface and Meibomian gland (MG) physiology and morphology. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Soat1 ablation that were expected to cause depletion of the second largest class of Meibomian lipids (ML)-cholesteryl esters (CE)-in a mouse model. ML of the Soat1-null mice were examined using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and compared with those of Soat1+/- and wild-type mice. Complete suppression of CE biosynthesis and simultaneous accumulation of free cholesterol (Chl) were observed in Soat1-null mice, while Soat1+/- mutants had normal Chl and CE profiles. The total arrest of the CE biosynthesis in response to Soat1 ablation transformed Chl into the dominant lipid in meibum accounting for at least 30% of all ML. The Soat1-null mice had clear manifestations of dry eye and MG dysfunction. Enrichment of meibum with Chl and depletion of CE caused plugging of MG orifices, increased meibum rigidity and melting temperature, and led to a massive accumulation of lipid deposits around the eyes of Soat1-null mice. These findings illustrate the role of Soat1/SOAT1 in the lipid homeostasis and pathophysiology of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA; (A.W.); (S.Y.)
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA
| | - Amber Wilkerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA; (A.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seher Yuksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA; (A.W.); (S.Y.)
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32
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Liu S, Gao J, He L, Zhao Z, Wang G, Zou J, Zhou L, Wan X, Tang S, Tang C. Myristica fragrans promotes ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in THP-1-derived macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:63-71. [PMID: 33434281 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristica fragrans is a traditional herbal medicine and has been shown to alleviate the development of atherosclerosis. However, the anti-atherogenic mechanisms of M. fragrans are still to be addressed. In this study, we explored the effect of M. fragrans on lipid metabolism and inflammation and its mechanisms in THP-1-derived macrophages. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results showed that M. fragrans promotes cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages and reduces intracellular total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and free cholesterol contents in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Further study found that liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) antagonist GGPP significantly blocked the upregulation of ABCA1 expression with M. fragrans treatment. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) can bind to the LXRα promoter, and inhibition of GATA3 led to the downregulation of LXRα and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 expression. Furthermore, M. fragrans reduced lipid accumulation, followed by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and increasing IL-10 produced by THP-1-derived macrophages. Therefore, M. fragrans is identified as a valuable therapeutic medicine for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linhao He
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangjun Wan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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33
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Luo M, Opoku E, Traughber CA, Hai Q, Robinet P, Berisha S, Smith JD. Soat1 mediates the mouse strain effects on cholesterol loading-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and CHOP expression in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158825. [PMID: 33031913 PMCID: PMC7686275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that AKR vs. DBA/2 mouse bone marrow derived macrophages have higher levels of free cholesterol and lower levels of esterified cholesterol after cholesterol loading, and that AKR, but not DBA/2, macrophages induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression after cholesterol loading. We earlier determined that the free and esterified cholesterol level effect is due to a truncation in the sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1) gene, encoding acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1). Here we examined the mechanism for the differential induction of CHOP by cholesterol loading. CHOP was induced in both strains after incubation with tunicamycin, indicating both strains have competent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. CHOP was induced when DBA/2 macrophages were cholesterol loaded in the presence of an ACAT inhibitor, indicating that the difference in free cholesterol levels were responsible for this strain effect. This finding was confirmed in macrophages derived from DBA/2 embryonic stem cells. Cholesterol loading of Soat1 gene edited cells, mimicking the AKR allele, led to increased free cholesterol levels and restored CHOP induction. The upstream pathway of free cholesterol induced endoplasmic reticulum stress was investigated; and, RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α protein kinase (IRE1α) pathways were required for maximal CHOP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emmanuel Opoku
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Alicia Traughber
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine -Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qimin Hai
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peggy Robinet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stela Berisha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine -Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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34
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Yu XC, Fu Y, Bi YH, Zhang WW, Li J, Ji T, Chao Y, Meng QH, Chen Q, Ma MH, Zhang YH, Shan J, Bian HM. Alisol B 23-acetate activates ABCG5/G8 in the jejunum via the LXRα/ACAT2 pathway to relieve atherosclerosis in ovariectomized ApoE -/- mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25744-25766. [PMID: 33234731 PMCID: PMC7803561 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols have been shown to improve blood lipid levels and treat atherosclerosis. This research investigated the effects of phytosterol Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) on jejunum lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. The results show that intragastric administration of AB23A can significantly reduce atherosclerotic plaque area and lipid accumulation in the jejunum of ovariectomized ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet and can also improve the lipid mass spectra of the plasma and jejunum. In vitro studies have shown that AB23A can increase cholesterol outflow in Caco-2 cells exposed to high fat concentrations and increase the expression of ATP-binding cassette transfer proteins G5/G8 (ABCG5/G8), the liver X receptor α (LXRα). Furthermore, inhibition of LXRα can significantly eliminate the active effect of AB23A on decreasing intracellular lipid accumulation. We also confirmed that AB23A has a negative effect on Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) in Caco-2 cells cultured in the high concentrations of fat, and we found that AB23A further reduces ACAT2 expression in cells treated with the ACAT2 inhibitor pyripyropene or transfected with ACAT2 siRNA. In conclusion, we confirmed that AB23A can reduce the absorption of dietary lipids in the jejunum by affecting the LXRα-ACAT2-ABCG5/G8 pathway and ultimately exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cholestenones/pharmacology
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol Esters/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Female
- Glycerophospholipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Jejunum/drug effects
- Jejunum/metabolism
- Jejunum/pathology
- Lipid Droplets/drug effects
- Lipid Droplets/metabolism
- Lipid Droplets/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipoproteins/drug effects
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/drug effects
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Ovariectomy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/drug effects
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Triglycerides/metabolism
- Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Hui Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing-Hai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Hua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui-Min Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Xavier BM, Zein AA, Venes A, Wang J, Lee JY. Transmembrane Polar Relay Drives the Allosteric Regulation for ABCG5/G8 Sterol Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228747. [PMID: 33228147 PMCID: PMC7699580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporter, ABCG5/G8, is responsible for the biliary and transintestinal secretion of cholesterol and dietary plant sterols. Missense mutations of ABCG5/G8 can cause sitosterolemia, a loss-of-function disorder characterized by plant sterol accumulation and premature atherosclerosis. A new molecular framework was recently established by a crystal structure of human ABCG5/G8 and reveals a network of polar and charged amino acids in the core of the transmembrane domains, namely, a polar relay. In this study, we utilize genetic variants to dissect the mechanistic role of this transmembrane polar relay in controlling ABCG5/G8 function. We demonstrated a sterol-coupled ATPase activity of ABCG5/G8 by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), a relatively water-soluble cholesterol memetic, and characterized CHS-coupled ATPase activity of three loss-of-function missense variants, R543S, E146Q, and A540F, which are respectively within, in contact with, and distant from the polar relay. The results established an in vitro phenotype of the loss-of-function and missense mutations of ABCG5/G8, showing significantly impaired ATPase activity and loss of energy sufficient to weaken the signal transmission from the transmembrane domains. Our data provide a biochemical evidence underlying the importance of the polar relay and its network in regulating the catalytic activity of ABCG5/G8 sterol transporter.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Allosteric Regulation
- Binding Sites
- Biological Transport
- Cholesterol/chemistry
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol Esters/chemistry
- Cholesterol Esters/metabolism
- Cholic Acid/chemistry
- Cholic Acid/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/pathology
- Intestinal Diseases/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases/metabolism
- Intestinal Diseases/pathology
- Kinetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Lipoproteins/chemistry
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Phytosterols/adverse effects
- Phytosterols/genetics
- Phytosterols/metabolism
- Pichia/chemistry
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala M. Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Aiman A. Zein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Angelica Venes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +1-412-383-3268 (J.W.); +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8308) (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +1-412-383-3268 (J.W.); +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8308) (J.-Y.L.)
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Vishnyakova TG, Bocharov AV, Baranova IN, Kurlander R, Drake SK, Chen Z, Amar M, Sviridov D, Vaisman B, Poliakov E, Remaley AT, Eggerman TL, Patterson AP. SR-BI mediates neutral lipid sorting from LDL to lipid droplets and facilitates their formation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240659. [PMID: 33057430 PMCID: PMC7561250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SR-BI binds various lipoproteins, including HDL, LDL as well as VLDL, and mediates selective cholesteryl ester (CE) uptake. HDL derived CE accumulates in cellular lipid droplets (LDs), which also store triacylglycerol (TAG). We hypothesized that SR-BI could significantly facilitate LD formation, in part, by directly transporting LDL derived neutral lipids (NL) such as CE and TAG into LDs without lipolysis and de novo lipid synthesis. SR-BI overexpression greatly increased LDL uptake and LD formation in stably transfected HeLa cells (SR-BI-HeLa). LDs isolated from SR-BI-HeLa contained 4- and 7-times more CE and TAG, respectively, than mock-transfected HeLa (Mock-HeLa). In contrast, LDL receptor overexpression in HeLa (LDLr-HeLa) greatly increased LDL uptake, degradation with moderate 1.5- and 2-fold increases of CE and TAG, respectively. Utilizing CE and TAG analogs, BODIPY-TAG (BP-TAG) and BODIPY-CE (BP-CE), for tracking LDL NL, we found that after initial binding of LDL to SR-BI-HeLa, apoB remained at the cell surface, while BP-CE and BP-TAG were sorted and simultaneously transported together to LDs. Both lipids demonstrated limited internalization to lysosomes or endoplasmic reticulum in SR-BI-HeLa. In LDLr-HeLa, NLs demonstrated clear lysosomal sequestration without their sorting to LDs. An inhibition of TAG and CE de novo synthesis by 90-95% only reduced TAG and CE LD content by 45-50%, and had little effect on BP-CE and BP-TAG transport to LDs in SR-BI HeLa. Furthermore, intravenous infusion of 1-2 mg of LDL increased liver LDs in normal (WT) but not in SR-BI KO mice. Mice transgenic for human SR-BI demonstrated higher liver LD accumulation than WT mice. Finally, Electro Spray Infusion Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) using deuterated d-CE found that LDs accumulated up to 40% of unmodified d-CE LDL. We conclude that SR-BI mediates LDL-induced LD formation in vitro and in vivo. In addition to cytosolic NL hydrolysis and de novo lipid synthesis, this process includes selective sorting and transport of LDL NL to LDs with limited lysosomal NL sequestration and the transport of LDL CE, and TAG directly to LDs independently of de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana G. Vishnyakova
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
| | - Alexander V. Bocharov
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Irina N. Baranova
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
| | - Roger Kurlander
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
| | - Steven K. Drake
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
| | - Marcelo Amar
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United
States of America
| | - Denis Sviridov
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United
States of America
| | - Boris Vaisman
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United
States of America
| | - Eugenia Poliakov
- National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United
States of America
| | - Thomas L. Eggerman
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda,
Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy P. Patterson
- Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,
United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United
States of America
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Butovich IA, Suzuki T, Wojtowicz J, Bhat N, Yuksel S. Comprehensive profiling of Asian and Caucasian meibomian gland secretions reveals similar lipidomic signatures regardless of ethnicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14510. [PMID: 32883999 PMCID: PMC7471331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Meibum-a lipid secretion that is produced by Meibomian glands (MG) in a process termed meibogenesis-plays a critical role in ocular surface physiology. Abnormalities in the chemical composition of meibum were linked to widespread ocular pathologies-dry eye syndrome (DES) and MG dysfunction (MGD). Importantly, in epidemiologic studies the Asian population was shown to be prone to these pathologies more than the Caucasian one, which was tied to differences in their meibomian lipids. However, biochemical data to support these observations and conclusions are limited. To determine if non-DES/non-MGD Asian meibum was significantly different from that of Caucasians, individual samples of meibum collected from ethnic Asian population living in Japan were compared with those of Caucasians living in the USA. These experiments revealed that composition of major lipid classes, such as wax esters (WE), cholesteryl esters (CE), triacylglycerols, (O)-acylated ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA), cholesteryl sulfate, cholesteryl esters of OAHFA, and diacylated α,ω-dihydroxy fatty alcohols remained invariable in both races, barring a minor (< 10%; p < 0.01) increase in the Asian CE/WE ratio. Considering the natural variability range for most meibomian lipids (app. ± 15% of the Mean), these differences in meibogenesis were deemed to be minimal and unlikely to have a measurable physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto City Hospital Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jadwiga Wojtowicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
- Centro Oftalmologico de Valencia, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Nita Bhat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Seher Yuksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
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Newton J, Palladino END, Weigel C, Maceyka M, Gräler MH, Senkal CE, Enriz RD, Marvanova P, Jampilek J, Lima S, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Targeting defective sphingosine kinase 1 in Niemann-Pick type C disease with an activator mitigates cholesterol accumulation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9121-9133. [PMID: 32385114 PMCID: PMC7335787 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disorder arising from mutations in the cholesterol-trafficking protein NPC1 (95%) or NPC2 (5%). These mutations result in accumulation of low-density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol in late endosomes/lysosomes, disruption of endocytic trafficking, and stalled autophagic flux. Additionally, NPC disease results in sphingolipid accumulation, yet it is unique among the sphingolipidoses because of the absence of mutations in the enzymes responsible for sphingolipid degradation. In this work, we examined the cause for sphingosine and sphingolipid accumulation in multiple cellular models of NPC disease and observed that the activity of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), one of the two isoenzymes that phosphorylate sphingoid bases, was markedly reduced in both NPC1 mutant and NPC1 knockout cells. Conversely, SphK1 inhibition with the isotype-specific inhibitor SK1-I in WT cells induced accumulation of cholesterol and reduced cholesterol esterification. Of note, a novel SphK1 activator (SK1-A) that we have characterized decreased sphingoid base and complex sphingolipid accumulation and ameliorated autophagic defects in both NPC1 mutant and NPC1 knockout cells. Remarkably, in these cells, SK1-A also reduced cholesterol accumulation and increased cholesterol ester formation. Our results indicate that a SphK1 activator rescues aberrant cholesterol and sphingolipid storage and trafficking in NPC1 mutant cells. These observations highlight a previously unknown link between SphK1 activity, NPC1, and cholesterol trafficking and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Elisa N D Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), and Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Can E Senkal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Quimica, Bioquimica, y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-CONICET), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Pavlina Marvanova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids belong to the superfamily of steroid hormones that are synthesized from the common precursor cholesterol. Adrenal gland-derived glucocorticoids, e.g., cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents, contribute to various processes essential for normal daily life. Glucocorticoid deficiency, also referred to as primary adrenal insufficiency, therefore, often becomes evident early in life and can be present with hypoglycemia, a failure to thrive, recurrent development of infections, and neurological problems, such as seizures and coma. The majority of congenital primary adrenal insufficiency cases are caused by deleterious mutations in genes involved in the intracellular mobilization of cholesterol and the subsequent conversion of cholesterol into glucocorticoids. A significant number of glucocorticoid deficiency cases, however, cannot be explained by known genetic variations. This perspective highlights existing literature regarding the importance of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol acquisition through scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI/SCARB1) for the maintenance of an optimal adrenal glucocorticoid function in mice and humans. On the basis of the reviewed findings, it is suggested that the SCARB1 gene should be included in the standard glucocorticoid deficiency genetic screening panel to 1) facilitate knowledge development on the relative contribution of SR-BI-mediated cholesterol acquisition to steroid hormone synthesis in humans and 2) open up the possibility to reclassify glucocorticoid deficiency patients without a currently known genetic cause for concomitant treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Qiu Y, Sun S, Yu X, Zhou J, Cai W, Qian L. Carboxyl ester lipase is highly conserved in utilizing maternal supplied lipids during early development of zebrafish and human. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158663. [PMID: 32061751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carboxyl ester lipase (Cel), is a lipolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas, which hydrolyzes various species of lipids in the gut. Cel is also secreted by mammary gland during lactation and exists in breast milk. It facilitates dietary fat digestion and absorption, thus contributing to normal infant development. This study aimed to examine whether the Cel in zebrafish embryos has a similar role of maternal lipid utilization as in human infants, and how Cel contributes to the utilization of yolk lipids in zebrafish. The cel1 and cel2 genes were expressed ubiquitously in the blastodisc and yolk syncytial layer before 24 hpf, and in the exocrine pancreas after 72 hpf. The cel1 and cel2 morphants exhibited developmental retardation and yolk sac retention. The total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and triglyceride were reduced in the morphants' body while accumulated in the yolk (except triglyceride). The FFA content of whole embryos was much lower in morphants than in standard controls. Moreover, the delayed development in cel (cel1/cel2) double morphants was partially rescued by FFA and cholesterol supplementation. Delayed and weakened cholesterol ester transport to the brain and eyes was observed in cel morphants. Correspondingly, shrunken midbrain tectum, microphthalmia, pigmentation-delayed eyes as well as down-regulated Shh target genes were observed in the CNS of double morphants. Interestingly, cholesterol injections reversed these CNS alterations. Our findings suggested that cel genes participate in the lipid releasing from yolk sac to developing body, thereby contributing to the normal growth rate and CNS development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Qiu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xianxian Yu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Linxi Qian
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Ayyagari VN, Wang X, Diaz-Sylvester PL, Groesch K, Brard L. Assessment of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT-1) role in ovarian cancer progression-An in vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228024. [PMID: 31978092 PMCID: PMC6980601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) mediated cholesterol ester has been shown to contribute to cancer progression in various cancers including leukemia, glioma, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. However, the significance of ACAT-1 and cholesterol esters (CE) is relatively understudied in ovarian cancer. In this in vitro study, we assessed the expression and contribution of ACAT-1 in ovarian cancer progression. We observed a significant increase in the expression of ACAT-1 and CE levels in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines (OC-314, SKOV-3 and IGROV-1) compared to primary ovarian epithelial cells (normal controls). To confirm the tumor promoting capacity of ACAT-1, we inhibited ACAT-1 expression and activity by treating our cell lines with an ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, or by stable transfection with ACAT-1 specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We observed significant suppression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ACAT-1 knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines compared to their respective controls (cell lines transfected with scrambled shRNA). ACAT-1 inhibition enhanced apoptosis with a concurrent increase in caspases 3/7 activity and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with increased expression of p53 may be the mechanism(s) underlying pro-apoptotic action of ACAT-1 inhibition. Additionally, ACAT-1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell lines displayed enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin treatment. These results suggest ACAT-1 may be a potential new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi N. Ayyagari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Paula L. Diaz-Sylvester
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Laurent Brard
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- * E-mail:
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Actis Dato V, Benitez-Amaro A, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Vazquez M, Bonacci G, Llorente-Cortés V, Chiabrando GA. LRP1-Mediated AggLDL Endocytosis Promotes Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation and Impairs Insulin Response in HL-1 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010182. [PMID: 31936892 PMCID: PMC7016900 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently developed during metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of aggregation-prone small LDL particles. Aggregated LDL (aggLDL) internalization is mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) promoting intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation. Additionally, LRP1 plays a key function in the regulation of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) activities. Nevertheless, the link between LRP1, CE accumulation, and insulin response has not been previously studied in cardiomyocytes. We aimed to identify mechanisms through which aggLDL, by its interaction with LRP1, produce CE accumulation and affects the insulin-induced intracellular signaling and GLUT4 trafficking in HL-1 cells. We demonstrated that LRP1 mediates the endocytosis of aggLDL and promotes CE accumulation in these cells. Moreover, aggLDL reduced the molecular association between IR and LRP1 and impaired insulin-induced intracellular signaling activation. Finally, aggLDL affected GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and the 2-NBDG uptake in insulin-stimulated cells. We conclude that LRP1 is a key regulator of the insulin response, which can be altered by CE accumulation through LRP1-mediated aggLDL endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Vazquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.L.-C.); (G.A.C.); Tel.: +54-351-4334264 (ext. 3431) (G.A.C.); Fax: +54-351-4333048 (G.A.C.)
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (V.L.-C.); (G.A.C.); Tel.: +54-351-4334264 (ext. 3431) (G.A.C.); Fax: +54-351-4333048 (G.A.C.)
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Abstract
Esterification of cholesterol is a universal mechanism to store and transport large quantities of cholesterol between organs and tissues and to avoid toxicity of the excess of cellular cholesterol. Intended for transport and storage and thus to be inert, cholesteryl esters (CEs) reside in hydrophobic cores of circulating lipoproteins and intracellular lipid droplets. However, the inert identity of CEs is dramatically changed if cholesterol is esterified to a polyunsaturated fatty acid and subjected to oxidative modification. Post-synthetic, or epilipidomic, oxidative modifications of CEs are mediated by specialized enzymes, chief among them are lipoxygenases, and by free radical oxidation. The complex repertoire of oxidized CE (OxCE) products exhibit various, context-dependent biological activities, surveyed in this review. Oxidized fatty acyl chains in OxCE can be hydrolyzed and re-esterified, thus seeding oxidized moieties into phospholipids (PLs), with OxPLs having different from OxCEs biological activities. Technological advances in mass spectrometry and the development of new anti-OxCE antibodies make it possible to validate the presence and quantify the levels of OxCEs in human atherosclerotic lesions and plasma. The article discusses the prospects of measuring OxCE levels in plasma as a novel biomarker assay to evaluate risk of developing cardiovascular disease and efficacy of treatment.
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Li L, Zhong S, Shen X, Li Q, Xu W, Tao Y, Yin H. Recent development on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of oxidized lipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31202785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the cellular membrane can be oxidized by various enzymes or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to form many oxidized lipids. These metabolites are highly bioactive, participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with Liquid Chromatography, has been increasingly recognized as an indispensable tool for the analysis of oxidized lipids due to its excellent sensitivity and selectivity. We will give an update on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to generation of various oxidized lipids and recent progress on the development of LC-MS in the detection of these bioactive lipids derived from fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the formation mechanisms and technological advances in LC-MS for the study of oxidized lipids in human diseases, and to shed new light on the potential of using oxidized lipids as biomarkers and mechanistic clues of pathogenesis related to lipid metabolism. The key technical problems associated with analysis of oxidized lipids and challenges in the field will also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiujing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Zhong S, Li L, Shen X, Li Q, Xu W, Wang X, Tao Y, Yin H. An update on lipid oxidation and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:266-278. [PMID: 30946962 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the major underlying factor for most CVD. It is well-established that oxidative stress and inflammation are two major mechanisms leading to atherosclerosis. Under oxidative stress, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-containing phospholipids and cholesterol esters in cellular membrane and lipoproteins can be readily oxidized through a free radical-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) process to form a complex mixture of oxidation products. Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that these oxidized lipids are actively involved in the inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis by interacting with immune cells (such as macrophages) and endothelial cells. In addition to lipid lowering in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD, targeting chronic inflammation has been entering the medical realm. Clinical trials are under way to lower the lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and its associated oxidized phospholipids, which will provide clinical evidence that targeting inflammation caused by oxidized lipids is a viable approach for CVD. In this review, we aim to give an update on our understanding of the free radical oxidation of LPO, analytical technique to analyze the oxidation products, especially the oxidized phospholipids and cholesterol esters in low density lipoproteins (LDL), and focusing on the experimental and clinical evidence on the role of lipid oxidation in the inflammatory responses associated with CVD, including myocardial infarction and calcific aortic valve stenosis. The challenges and future directions in understanding the role of LPO in CVD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiujing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Prah J, Winters A, Chaudhari K, Hersh J, Liu R, Yang SH. Cholesterol sulfate alters astrocyte metabolism and provides protection against oxidative stress. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146378. [PMID: 31425677 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol sulfate (CS) is one of the most important known sterol sulfates in human plasma and it is present as a normal constituent in a variety of human tissues. In both the brain and periphery, CS serves as a substrate for the synthesis of sulfonated adrenal steroids such as pregnenolone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate and as a constituent of many biological membranes including red blood cells where it functions as a stabilizing agent. It also acts as an endogenous regulator of cholesterol synthesis. However, the role of CS in brain metabolism and neurological disorder is unclear. In the current study we investigated the neuroprotective action of CS as well as its role in brain energy metabolism. The neuroprotective effect of CS and its role on cell metabolism were determined in primary astrocyte prepared from the cortex of postnatal day 0-2 C57BL/6 pups and a hippocampal HT-22 cell line using Calcein AM and MTT cell viability assay, flow cytometry, Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, and metabolism assay kits. We found that CS attenuates glutamate and rotenone induced cell death in HT-22 cells, decrease glutamate induced mitochondria membrane potential collapse, and reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, CS activates the Akt/Bcl2 pathway. We observed that CS impacts astrocyte metabolism by increasing mitochondrial phosphorylation, ATP, and glycogen contents. Our study demonstrated that CS modulates brain energy metabolism and its neuroprotective effects might be due to the activation of Akt signaling or its ability to decrease reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Prah
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ali Winters
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jessica Hersh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Baratta F, Pastori D, Ferro D, Carluccio G, Tozzi G, Angelico F, Violi F, Del Ben M. Reduced lysosomal acid lipase activity: A new marker of liver disease severity across the clinical continuum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4172-4180. [PMID: 31435171 PMCID: PMC6700703 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) plays a key role in intracellular lipid metabolism. Reduced LAL activity promotes increased multi-organ lysosomal cholesterol ester storage, as observed in two recessive autosomal genetic diseases, Wolman disease and Cholesterol ester storage disease. Severe liver steatosis and accelerated liver fibrosis are common features in patients with genetic LAL deficiency. By contrast, few reliable data are available on the modulation of LAL activity in vivo and on the epigenetic and metabolic factors capable of regulating its activity in subjects without homozygous mutations of the Lipase A gene. In the last few years, a less severe and non-genetic reduction of LAL activity was reported in children and adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting a possible role of LAL reduction in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Patients with NAFLD show a significant, progressive reduction of LAL activity from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Among cirrhosis of different etiologies, those with cryptogenic cirrhosis show the most significant reductions of LAL activity. These findings suggest that the modulation of LAL activity may become a possible new therapeutic target for patients with more advanced forms of NAFLD. Moreover, the measurement of LAL activity may represent a possible new marker of disease severity in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baratta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carluccio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Giulia Tozzi
- Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition Unit - Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome 00156, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
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48
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Chaves-Filho AB, Pinto IFD, Dantas LS, Xavier AM, Inague A, Faria RL, Medeiros MHG, Glezer I, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S. Alterations in lipid metabolism of spinal cord linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11642. [PMID: 31406145 PMCID: PMC6691112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons leading to muscle paralysis and death. While a link between dysregulated lipid metabolism and ALS has been proposed, lipidome alterations involved in disease progression are still understudied. Using a rodent model of ALS overexpressing mutant human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1-G93A), we performed a comparative lipidomic analysis in motor cortex and spinal cord tissues of SOD1-G93A and WT rats at asymptomatic (~70 days) and symptomatic stages (~120 days). Interestingly, lipidome alterations in motor cortex were mostly related to age than ALS. In contrast, drastic changes were observed in spinal cord of SOD1-G93A 120d group, including decreased levels of cardiolipin and a 6-fold increase in several cholesteryl esters linked to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Consistent with previous studies, our findings suggest abnormal mitochondria in motor neurons and lipid droplets accumulation in aberrant astrocytes. Although the mechanism leading to cholesteryl esters accumulation remains to be established, we postulate a hypothetical model based on neuroprotection of polyunsaturated fatty acids into lipid droplets in response to increased oxidative stress. Implicated in the pathology of other neurodegenerative diseases, cholesteryl esters appear as attractive targets for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas Souza Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Machado Xavier
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lucas Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaias Glezer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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49
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Nagarajan SR, Paul-Heng M, Krycer JR, Fazakerley DJ, Sharland AF, Hoy AJ. Lipid and glucose metabolism in hepatocyte cell lines and primary mouse hepatocytes: a comprehensive resource for in vitro studies of hepatic metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E578-E589. [PMID: 30694691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a critical tissue for maintaining glucose, fatty acid, and cholesterol homeostasis. Primary hepatocytes represent the gold standard for studying the mechanisms controlling hepatic glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism in vitro. However, access to primary hepatocytes can be limiting, and therefore, other immortalized hepatocyte models are commonly used. Here, we describe substrate metabolism of cultured AML12, IHH, and PH5CH8 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma-derived HepG2s, and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) to identify which of these cell lines most accurately phenocopy PMH basal and insulin-stimulated metabolism. Insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in PH5CH8 cells, and to a lesser extent AML12 cells, responded most similarly to PMH. Notably, glucose incorporation in HepG2 cells were 14-fold greater than PMH. The differences in glucose metabolic activity were not explained by differential protein expression of key regulators of these pathways, for example glycogen synthase and glycogen content. In contrast, fatty acid metabolism in IHH cells was the closest to PMHs, yet insulin-responsive fatty acid metabolism in AML12 and HepG2 cells was most similar to PMH. Finally, incorporation of acetate into intracellular-free cholesterol was comparable for all cells to PMH; however, insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into lipids and the incorporation of acetate into intracellular cholesterol esters were strikingly different between PMHs and all tested cell lines. In general, AML12 cells most closely phenocopied PMH in vitro energy metabolism. However, the cell line most representative of PMHs differed depending on the mode of metabolism being investigated, and so careful consideration is needed in model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Moumita Paul-Heng
- Discipline of Surgery, Central Clinical School & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Alexandra F Sharland
- Discipline of Surgery, Central Clinical School & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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50
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Ye G, Gao H, Lin Y, Ding D, Liao X, Zhang H, Chi Y, Dong S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor A/G reprogrammes metabolism associated with lipid accumulation in macrophages. Metabolomics 2019; 15:36. [PMID: 30830452 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophage metabolism contributes to the progression of metabolic diseases, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play vital roles in macrophage metabolism and the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, the role of PPARs in metabolic reprogramming related to lipid accumulation in macrophages, a key pathological event in metabolic diseases, remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify PPAR-mediated metabolic reprogramming and potential therapeutic targets associated with lipid accumulation in macrophages. METHODS Following treatment with oleate, oleate + WY-14643 and oleate + pioglitazone to induce alterations in PPAR signaling, lipids and relevant metabolism, macrophage samples were analyzed employing an untargeted metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The metabolomics approach revealed that multiple metabolic pathways were altered during lipid accumulation in oleate-treated macrophages and responsive to WY-14643 and pioglitazone treatment. Notably, levels of most metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism were accumulated in oleate-treated macrophages, and these effects were alleviated or abolished by PPARA/G activation. Additionally, during oleate-induced lipid accumulation and lipid lowering with WY-14643 and pioglitazone in macrophages, levels of most amino acids were positively associated with neutral lipid, total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, total free fatty acid and triglyceride levels but negatively associated with expression of genes related to PPARA/G signaling. Furthermore, glycine was found to be a potential biomarker for assessing lipid accumulation and the lipid-lowering effects of PPARA/G in oleate-treated macrophages. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed a high correlation of amino acid metabolism with lipid accumulation and the lipid-lowering effects of PPARA/G in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Ye
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dongxiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yulang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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