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In vivo biosensors: mechanisms, development, and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:491-516. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In vivo biosensors can recognize and respond to specific cellular stimuli. In recent years, biosensors have been increasingly used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, because they can be implemented in synthetic circuits to control the expression of reporter genes in response to specific cellular stimuli, such as a certain metabolite or a change in pH. There are many types of natural sensing devices, which can be generally divided into two main categories: protein-based and nucleic acid-based. Both can be obtained either by directly mining from natural genetic components or by engineering the existing genetic components for novel specificity or improved characteristics. A wide range of new technologies have enabled rapid engineering and discovery of new biosensors, which are paving the way for a new era of biotechnological progress. Here, we review recent advances in the design, optimization, and applications of in vivo biosensors in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Shi X, Zou Y, Chen Y, Ying H. Overexpression of THI4 and HAP4 Improves Glucose Metabolism and Ethanol Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1444. [PMID: 29997610 PMCID: PMC6030257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is essential to the maintenance of cell metabolism. Changes in the redox state cause global metabolic and transcriptional changes. Our previous study indicated that the overexpression of NADH oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to increased glucose consumption and ethanol production. Gene expression related to thiamine synthesis and osmotolerance as well as HAP4 expression was increased in response to redox change caused by the overexpression of NADH oxidase. To identify detailed relationships among cofactor levels, thiamine synthesis, expression of HAP4, and osmotolerance, and to determine whether these changes are interdependent, THI4 and HAP4 were overexpressed in S. cerevisiae BY4741. The glucose consumption rate of THI4-overexpressing strain (thi4-OE) was the highest, followed by HAP4-overexpressing strain (hap4-OE) > NADH oxidase-overexpressing strain (nox-OE) > control strain (con), while strain hap4-OE showed the highest concentration of ethanol after 26 h of fermentation. Reduced glycerol production and increased osmotolerance were observed in thi4-OE and hap4-OE, as well as in nox-OE. HAP4 globally regulated thiamine synthesis, biomass synthesis, respiration, and osmotolerance of cells, which conferred the recombinant strain hap4-OE with faster glucose metabolism and enhanced stress resistance. Moreover, overexpression of HAP4 might extend the life span of cells under caloric restriction by lowering the NADH level. Although overexpression of THI4 and HAP4 induced various similar changes at both the metabolic and the transcriptional level, the regulatory effect of THI4 was more limited than that of HAP4, and was restricted to the growth phase of cells. Our findings are expected to benefit the bio-ethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
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53
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Kotopka BJ, Li Y, Smolke CD. Synthetic biology strategies toward heterologous phytochemical production. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:902-920. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in heterologous phytochemical biosynthetic pathway reconstitution in plant, bacteria, and yeast, with a focus on the synthetic biology strategies applied in these engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Christina D. Smolke
- Department of Bioengineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
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54
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Park SY, Yang D, Ha SH, Lee SY. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Park
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Yang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hee Ha
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program); Institute for the BioCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- BioInformatics Research Center; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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55
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Klamt S, Mahadevan R, Hädicke O. When Do Two-Stage Processes Outperform One-Stage Processes? Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [PMID: 29131522 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apart from product yield and titer, volumetric productivity is a key performance indicator for many biotechnological processes. Due to the inherent trade-off between the production of biomass as catalyst and of the actual target product, yield and volumetric productivity cannot be optimized simultaneously. Therefore, in combination with genetic techniques for dynamic regulation of metabolic fluxes, two-stage fermentations (TSFs) with separated growth and production phase have recently gained much interest because of their potential to improve the productivity of bioprocesses while still allowing high product yields. However, despite some successful case studies, so far it has not been discussed and analyzed systematically whether or under which conditions a TSF guarantees superior productivity compared to one-stage fermentation (OSF). In this study, we use mathematical models to demonstrate that the volumetric productivity of a TSF is not automatically better than of a corresponding OSF. Our analysis reveals that the sharp decrease of the specific substrate uptake rate usually observed in (non-growth) production phases severely impacts the volumetric productivity and thus raises a big challenge for designing competitive TSF processes. We discuss possible approaches such as enforced ATP wasting to improve substrate utilization rates in the production phase by which TSF processes can become superior to OSF. We also analyze additional factors influencing the relative performance of OSF and TSF and show that OSF processes can be more appropriate if a high product yield is an economic constraint. In conclusion, a careful assessment of the trade-offs between substrate uptake rates, yields, and productivity is necessary when deciding for OSF vs. TSF processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Klamt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Hädicke
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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56
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Kildegaard KR, Adiego-Pérez B, Doménech Belda D, Khangura JK, Holkenbrink C, Borodina I. Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for production of astaxanthin. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:287-294. [PMID: 29552653 PMCID: PMC5851922 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a red-colored carotenoid, used as food and feed additive. Astaxanthin is mainly produced by chemical synthesis, however, the process is expensive and synthetic astaxanthin is not approved for human consumption. In this study, we engineered the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of astaxanthin by fermentation. First, we screened 12 different Y. lipolytica isolates for β-carotene production by introducing two genes for β-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The best strain produced 31.1 ± 0.5 mg/L β-carotene. Next, we optimized the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain and obtained 453.9 ± 20.2 mg/L β-carotene. Additional downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increased the β-carotene titer to 797.1 ± 57.2 mg/L. Then we introduced β-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis to convert β-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulated 10.4 ± 0.5 mg/L of astaxanthin but also accumulated astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 ± 0.5 mg/L canthaxanthin, and 35.3 ± 1.8 mg/L echinenone. Finally, we optimized the copy numbers of crtZ and crtW to obtain 3.5 mg/g DCW (54.6 mg/L) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation. Our study for the first time reports engineering of Y. lipolytica for the production of astaxanthin. The high astaxanthin content and titer obtained even in a small-scale cultivation demonstrates a strong potential for Y. lipolytica-based fermentation process for astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Rueksomtawin Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Belén Adiego-Pérez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Doménech Belda
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Khangura
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carina Holkenbrink
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Vickers CE, Williams TC, Peng B, Cherry J. Recent advances in synthetic biology for engineering isoprenoid production in yeast. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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58
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Kwak S, Kim SR, Xu H, Zhang GC, Lane S, Kim H, Jin YS. Enhanced isoprenoid production from xylose by engineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2581-2591. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryang Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Haiqing Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Guo-Chang Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Stephan Lane
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
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59
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Sweetlove LJ, Nielsen J, Fernie AR. Engineering central metabolism - a grand challenge for plant biologists. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:749-763. [PMID: 28004455 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of increasing crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency is being addressed by a number of ambitious research projects seeking to re-engineer photosynthetic biochemistry. Many of these projects will require the engineering of substantial changes in fluxes of central metabolism. However, as has been amply demonstrated in simpler systems such as microbes, central metabolism is extremely difficult to rationally engineer. This is because of multiple layers of regulation that operate to maintain metabolic steady state and because of the highly connected nature of central metabolism. In this review we discuss new approaches for metabolic engineering that have the potential to address these problems and dramatically improve the success with which we can rationally engineer central metabolism in plants. In particular, we advocate the adoption of an iterative 'design-build-test-learn' cycle using fast-to-transform model plants as test beds. This approach can be realised by coupling new molecular tools to incorporate multiple transgenes in nuclear and plastid genomes with computational modelling to design the engineering strategy and to understand the metabolic phenotype of the engineered organism. We also envisage that mutagenesis could be used to fine-tune the balance between the endogenous metabolic network and the introduced enzymes. Finally, we emphasise the importance of considering the plant as a whole system and not isolated organs: the greatest increase in crop productivity will be achieved if both source and sink metabolism are engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800, Lyngby, Denmark
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, SE17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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60
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Iterative integration of multiple-copy pathway genes in Yarrowia lipolytica for heterologous β-carotene production. Metab Eng 2017; 41:192-201. [PMID: 28414174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene is a terpenoid molecule with high hydrophobicity that is often used as an additive in foods and feed. Previous work has demonstrated the heterologous biosynthesis of β-carotene from an intrinsic high flux of acetyl-CoA in 12 steps through 11 genes in Yarrowia lipolytica. Here, an efficient biosynthetic pathway capable of producing 100-fold more β-carotene than the baseline construct was generated using strong promoters and multiple gene copies for each of the 12 steps. Using fed-batch fermentation with an optimized medium, the engineered pathway could produce 4g/L β-carotene, which was stored in lipid droplets within engineered Y. lipolytica cells. Expansion of these cells for squalene production also demonstrated that Y. lipolytica could be an industrially relevant platform for hydrophobic terpenoid production.
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61
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Zhao J, Li C, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Hou J, Bao X. Dynamic control of ERG20 expression combined with minimized endogenous downstream metabolism contributes to the improvement of geraniol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:17. [PMID: 28137282 PMCID: PMC5282783 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial production of monoterpenes provides a promising substitute for traditional chemical-based methods, but their production is lagging compared with sesquiterpenes. Geraniol, a valuable monoterpene alcohol, is widely used in cosmetic, perfume, pharmaceutical and it is also a potential gasoline alternative. Previously, we constructed a geraniol production strain by engineering the mevalonate pathway together with the expression of a high-activity geraniol synthase. RESULTS In this study, we further improved the geraniol production through reducing the endogenous metabolism of geraniol and controlling the precursor geranyl diphosphate flux distribution. The deletion of OYE2 (encoding an NADPH oxidoreductase) or ATF1 (encoding an alcohol acetyltransferase) both involving endogenous conversion of geraniol to other terpenoids, improved geraniol production by 1.7-fold or 1.6-fold in batch fermentation, respectively. In addition, we found that direct down-regulation of ERG20 expression, the branch point regulating geranyl diphosphate flux, does not improve geraniol production. Therefore, we explored dynamic control of ERG20 expression to redistribute the precursor geranyl diphosphate flux and achieved a 3.4-fold increase in geraniol production after optimizing carbon source feeding. Furthermore, the combination of dynamic control of ERG20 expression and OYE2 deletion in LEU2 prototrophic strain increased geraniol production up to 1.69 g/L with pure ethanol feeding in fed-batch fermentation, which is the highest reported production in engineered yeast. CONCLUSION An efficient geraniol production platform was established by reducing the endogenous metabolism of geraniol and by controlling the flux distribution of the precursor geranyl diphosphate. The present work also provides a production basis to synthesis geraniol-derived chemicals, such as monoterpene indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China.
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62
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Engineering the leucine biosynthetic pathway for isoamyl alcohol overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:107-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Isoamyl alcohol can be used not only as a biofuel, but also as a precursor for various chemicals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae inherently produces a small amount of isoamyl alcohol via the leucine degradation pathway, but the yield is very low. In the current study, several strategies were devised to overproduce isoamyl alcohol in budding yeast. The engineered yeast cells with the cytosolic isoamyl alcohol biosynthetic pathway produced significantly higher amounts of isobutanol over isoamyl alcohol, suggesting that the majority of the metabolic flux was diverted to the isobutanol biosynthesis due to the broad substrate specificity of Ehrlich pathway enzymes. To channel the key intermediate 2-ketosiovalerate (KIV) towards α-IPM biosynthesis, we introduced an artificial protein scaffold to pull dihydroxyacid dehydratase and α-IPM synthase into the close proximity, and the resulting strain yielded more than twofold improvement of isoamyl alcohol. The best isoamyl alcohol producer yielded 522.76 ± 38.88 mg/L isoamyl alcohol, together with 540.30 ± 48.26 mg/L isobutanol and 82.56 ± 8.22 mg/L 2-methyl-1-butanol. To our best knowledge, our work represents the first study to bypass the native compartmentalized α-IPM biosynthesis pathway for the isoamyl alcohol overproduction in budding yeast. More importantly, artificial protein scaffold based on the feature of quaternary structure of enzymes would be useful in improving the catalytic efficiency and the product specificity of other enzymatic reactions.
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63
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Peng B, Plan MR, Chrysanthopoulos P, Hodson MP, Nielsen LK, Vickers CE. A squalene synthase protein degradation method for improved sesquiterpene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2017; 39:209-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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64
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Yuan J, Mishra P, Ching CB. Metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for branched-chain ester productions. J Biotechnol 2016; 239:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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65
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Metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced isoamyl alcohol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:465-474. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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66
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Qian S, Cirino PC. Using metabolite-responsive gene regulators to improve microbial biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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67
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Ye L, Lv X, Yu H. Engineering microbes for isoprene production. Metab Eng 2016; 38:125-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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68
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Rajkumar AS, Liu G, Bergenholm D, Arsovska D, Kristensen M, Nielsen J, Jensen MK, Keasling JD. Engineering of synthetic, stress-responsive yeast promoters. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:e136. [PMID: 27325743 PMCID: PMC5041464 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in synthetic biology and our understanding of the rules of promoter architecture have led to the development of diverse synthetic constitutive and inducible promoters in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, the design of promoters inducible by specific endogenous or environmental conditions is still rarely undertaken. In this study, we engineered and characterized a set of strong, synthetic promoters for budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are inducible under acidic conditions (pH ≤ 3). Using available expression and transcription factor binding data, literature on transcriptional regulation, and known rules of promoter architecture we improved the low-pH performance of the YGP1 promoter by modifying transcription factor binding sites in its upstream activation sequence. The engineering strategy outlined for the YGP1 promoter was subsequently applied to create a response to low pH in the unrelated CCW14 promoter. We applied our best promoter variants to low-pH fermentations, enabling ten-fold increased production of lactic acid compared to titres obtained with the commonly used, native TEF1 promoter. Our findings outline and validate a general strategy to iteratively design and engineer synthetic yeast promoters inducible to environmental conditions or stresses of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun S Rajkumar
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bergenholm
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dushica Arsovska
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael K Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jay D Keasling
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Bioengineering University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Shi X, Zou Y, Chen Y, Zheng C, Ying H. Overexpression of a Water-Forming NADH Oxidase Improves the Metabolism and Stress Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Aerobic Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1427. [PMID: 27679617 PMCID: PMC5020133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is fundamental to the maintenance of metabolism. Redox imbalance can cause oxidative stress, which affects metabolism and growth. Water-forming NADH oxidase regulates the redox balance by oxidizing cytosolic NADH to NAD+, which relieves cytosolic NADH accumulation through rapid glucose consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus decreasing the production of the by product glycerol in industrial ethanol production. Here, we studied the effects of overexpression of a water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis on the stress response of S. cerevisiae in aerobic batch fermentation, and we constructed an interaction network of transcriptional regulation and metabolic networks to study the effects of and mechanisms underlying NADH oxidase regulation. The oxidase-overexpressing strain (NOX) showed increased glucose consumption, growth, and ethanol production, while glycerol production was remarkably lower. Glucose was exhausted by NOX at 26 h, while 18.92 ± 0.94 g/L residual glucose was left in the fermentation broth of the control strain (CON) at this time point. At 29.5 h, the ethanol concentration for NOX peaked at 35.25 ± 1.76 g/L, which was 14.37% higher than that for CON (30.82 ± 1.54 g/L). Gene expression involved in the synthesis of thiamine, which is associated with stress responses in various organisms, was increased in NOX. The transcription factor HAP4 was significantly upregulated in NOX at the late-exponential phase, indicating a diauxic shift in response to starvation. The apoptosis-inducing factor Nuc1 was downregulated while the transcription factor Sok2, which regulates the production of the small signaling molecule ammonia, was upregulated at the late-exponential phase, benefiting young cells on the rim. Reactive oxygen species production was decreased by 10% in NOX, supporting a decrease in apoptosis. The HOG pathway was not activated, although the osmotic stress was truly higher, indicating improved osmotolerance. Thus, the NADH oxidase can regulate the metabolism during aerobic fermentation in S. cerevisiae, thereby protecting cells against several stresses. Our findings indicate its suitability for use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
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70
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Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA utilization pathway for terpenoid productions. Metab Eng 2016; 38:303-309. [PMID: 27471067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a central molecule in the metabolism of the cell, which is also a precursor molecule to a variety of value-added products such as terpenoids and fatty acid derived molecules. Considering subcellular compartmentalization of metabolic pathways allows higher concentrations of enzymes, substrates and intermediates, and bypasses competing pathways, mitochondrion-compartmentalized acetyl-CoA utilization pathways might offer better pathway activities with improved product yields. As a proof-of-concept, we sought to explore a mitochondrial farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) biosynthetic pathway for the biosynthesis of amorpha-4,11-diene in budding yeast. In the present study, the eight-gene FPP biosynthetic pathway was successfully expressed inside yeast mitochondria to enable high-level amorpha-4,11-diene production. In addition, we also found the mitochondrial compartment serves as a partial barrier for the translocation of FPP from mitochondria into the cytosol, which would potentially allow minimized loss of FPP to cytosolic competing pathways. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to harness yeast mitochondria for terpenoid productions from the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA pool. We envision subcellular metabolic engineering might also be employed for an efficient production of other bio-products from the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA in other eukaryotic organisms.
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71
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Wang Z, Cirino PC. New and improved tools and methods for enhanced biosynthesis of natural products in microorganisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 42:159-168. [PMID: 27284635 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Engineering efficient biosynthesis of natural products in microorganisms requires optimizing gene expression levels to balance metabolite flux distributions and to minimize accumulation of toxic intermediates. Such metabolic optimization is challenged with identifying the right gene targets, and then determining and achieving appropriate gene expression levels. After decades of having a relatively limited set of gene regulation tools available, metabolic engineers are recently enjoying an ever-growing repertoire of more precise and tunable gene expression platforms. Here we review recent applications of natural and designed transcriptional and translational regulatory machinery for engineering biosynthesis of natural products in microorganisms. Customized trans-acting RNAs (sgRNA, asRNA and sRNA), along with appropriate accessory proteins, are allowing for unparalleled tuning of gene expression. Meanwhile metabolite-responsive transcription factors and riboswitches have been implemented in strain screening and evolution, and in dynamic gene regulation. Further refinements and expansions on these platform technologies will circumvent many long-term obstacles in natural products biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Patrick C Cirino
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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72
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Shi XC, Zou YN, Chen Y, Zheng C, Li BB, Xu JH, Shen XN, Ying HJ. A water-forming NADH oxidase regulates metabolism in anaerobic fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:103. [PMID: 27175216 PMCID: PMC4864899 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water-forming NADH oxidase can oxidize cytosolic NADH to NAD(+), thus relieving cytosolic NADH accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies of the enzyme were conducted under aerobic conditions, as O2 is the recognized electron acceptor of the enzyme. In order to extend its use in industrial production and to study its effect on anaerobes, the effects of overexpression of this oxidase in S. cerevisiae BY4741 and Clostridium acetobutylicum 428 (Cac-428) under anaerobic conditions were evaluated. RESULTS Glucose was exhausted in the NADH oxidase-overexpressing S. cerevisiae strain (Sce-NOX) culture after 26 h, while 43.51 ± 2.18 g/L residual glucose was left in the control strain (Sce-CON) culture at this time point. After 30 h of fermentation, the concentration of ethanol produced by Sce-NOX reached 36.28 ± 1.81 g/L, an increase of 56.38 % as compared to Sce-CON (23.20 ± 1.16 g/L), while the byproduct glycerol was remarkably decreased in the culture of Sce-NOX. In the case of the C. acetobutylicum strain (Cac-NOX) overexpressing NADH oxidase, glucose consumption, cell growth rate, and the production of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) all decreased, while the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid increased as compared to the control strain (Cac-CON). During fermentation of Cac-CON and Cac-NOX in 100-mL screw-capped bottles, the concentrations of ABE increased with increasing headspace. Additionally, several alternative electron acceptors in C. acetobutylicum fermentation were tested. Nitroblue tetrazolium and 2,6-dichloroindophenol were lethiferous to both Cac-CON and Cac-NOX. Methylene blue could relieve the effect caused by the overexpression of the NADH oxidase on the metabolic network of C. acetobutylicum strains, while cytochrome c aggravated the effect. CONCLUSIONS The water-forming NADH oxidase could regulate the metabolism of both the S. cerevisiae and the C. acetobutylicum strains in anaerobic conditions. Thus, the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain might be useful in industrial production. Besides the recognized electron acceptor O2, methylene blue and/or the structural analogs may be the alternative elector acceptor of the NADH oxidase in anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-Jie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials–Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
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73
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Lynch MD. Into new territory: improved microbial synthesis through engineering of the essential metabolic network. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 38:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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74
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Li C, Li J, Wang G, Li X. Heterologous biosynthesis of artemisinic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1466-78. [PMID: 26743771 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinic acid is a precursor of antimalarial compound artemisinin. The titre of biosynthesis of artemisinic acid using Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform has been achieved up to 25 g l(-1) ; however, the performance of platform cells is still industrial unsatisfied. Many strategies have been proposed to improve the titre of artemisinic acid. The traditional strategies mainly focused on partial target sites, simple up-regulation key genes or repression competing pathways in the total synthesis route. However, this may result in unbalance of carbon fluxes and dysfunction of metabolism. In this review, the recent advances on the promising methods in silico and in vivo for biosynthesis of artemisinic acid have been discussed. The bioinformatics and omics techniques have brought a great prospect for improving production of artemisinin and other pharmacal compounds in heterologous platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - G Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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75
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Tan SZ, Manchester S, Prather KLJ. Controlling Central Carbon Metabolism for Improved Pathway Yields in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:116-24. [PMID: 26544022 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineering control of metabolic pathways is important to improving product titers and yields. Traditional methods such as overexpressing pathway enzymes and deleting competing ones are restricted by the interdependence of metabolic reactions and the finite nature of cellular resources. Here, we developed a metabolite valve that controls glycolytic flux through central carbon metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In a Hexokinase 2 and Glucokinase 1 deleted strain (hxk2Δglk1Δ), glucose flux was diverted away from glycolysis and into a model pathway, gluconate, by controlling the transcription of Hexokinase 1 with the tetracycline transactivator protein (tTA). A maximum 10-fold decrease in hexokinase activity resulted in a 50-fold increase in gluconate yields, from 0.7% to 36% mol/mol of glucose. The reduction in glucose flux resulted in a significant decrease in ethanol byproduction that extended to semianaerobic conditions, as shown in the production of isobutanol. This proof-of-concept is one of the first demonstrations in S. cerevisiae of dynamic redirection of glucose from glycolysis and into a heterologous pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Zanne Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡MIT Center for Integrative Synthetic
Biology, §Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn Manchester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡MIT Center for Integrative Synthetic
Biology, §Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristala L. J. Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡MIT Center for Integrative Synthetic
Biology, §Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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76
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Ma CW, Zhou LB, Zeng AP. Engineering Biomolecular Switches for Dynamic Metabolic Control. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 162:45-76. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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77
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Cress BF, Trantas EA, Ververidis F, Linhardt RJ, Koffas MAG. Sensitive cells: enabling tools for static and dynamic control of microbial metabolic pathways. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 36:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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78
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Assato PA, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Rossi D, Valentini SR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Zanelli CF, Fusco-Almeida AM. Functional analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 adhesin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:256. [PMID: 26537993 PMCID: PMC4634143 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of eukaryotic multifunctional proteins involved in several cellular processes. The Pb14-3-3 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis seems to play an important role in the Paracoccidioides-host interaction. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in Latin America. In the initial steps of the infection, Paracoccidioides spp. synthetizes adhesins that allow it to adhere and invade host cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. RESULTS The functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 was performed in S. cerevisiae, and it was found that Pb14-3-3 partially complemented S. cerevisiae proteins Bmh1p and Bmh2p, which are recognized as two yeast 14-3-3 homologues. When we evaluated the adhesion profile of S. cerevisiae transformants, Pb14-3-3 acted as an adhesin in S. cerevisiae; however, Bmh1p did not show this function. The influence of Pb14-3-3 in S. cerevisiae ergosterol pathway was also evaluated and our results showed that Pb14-3-3 up-regulates genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Pb14-3-3 was able to partially complement Bmh1p and Bmh2p proteins in S. cerevisiae; however, we suggest that Pb14-3-3 has a differential role as an adhesin. In addition, Pb-14-3-3 may be involved in Paracoccidioides spp. ergosterol biosynthesis which makes it an interest as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danuza Rossi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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