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Oliveira LT, Marcos CM, Cabral AKLF, Medina-Alarcón KP, Pires RH, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides spp.: the structural characterization of extracellular matrix, expression of glucan synthesis and associated genes and adhesins during biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1354140. [PMID: 38516014 PMCID: PMC10955377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Paracoccidioides includes Paracoccidioides lutzii and the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, which comprises four phylogenetic species. A key feature distinguishing planktonic growth from biofilm is the presence of a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed biofilm formation in different species of Paracoccidioides yeast phase, characterized the structural elements of the matrix of P. brasiliensis (Pb18), P. lutzii (Pl01 and 8334) and P. restrepiensis (339 and 192) and evaluated the expression of glucan genes, according to the stage of biofilm evolution for P. brasiliensis. The strains were cultivated in planktonic and biofilm form for 24-144 h. The fungi biomass and metabolic activity were determined by crystal violet and tetrazolium salt reduction (XTT) tests and colony-forming unit (CFU) by plating. The biofilm structure was designed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii biofilms was extracted by sonication, and polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. The RNA was extracted with the Trizol® reagent and quantified; then, the cDNA was synthesized to analyze the enolase expression, 14-3-3, FKS1, AGS1, GEL3, and KRE6 genes by real-time PCR. All strains of Paracoccidioides studied form a biofilm with more significant metabolic activity and biomass values in 144 h. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii had a higher content of polysaccharides in their composition, followed by proteins and eDNA in smaller quantities. The P. brasiliensis biofilm kinetics of formation showed greater expression of genes related to glucan's synthesis and its delivery to the external environment in addition adhesins during the biofilm's adhesion, initiation, and maturation. The GEL3 and enolase genes increased in expression within 24 h and during the biofilm maturation period, there was an increase in 14-3-3, AGS1, and FKS1. Furthermore, at 144 h, there was a decrease in KRE6 expression and an increase in GEL3. This study highlights the potential for biofilm formation for three species of Paracoccidioides and the main components of the extracellular matrix that can contribute to a better understanding of biofilm organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Lima Freire Cabral
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Kaila Petronila Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- Laboratory of Mycology and Environmental Diagnosis, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, de Oliveira LT, Fregonezi N, dos Santos KS, Costa-Orlandi CB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Polypeptides Targeting Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Drk1. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:980. [PMID: 37888236 PMCID: PMC10607314 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the toxicity of conventional therapeutic approaches and the importance of precise mechanistic targets, it is important to explore signaling pathways implicated in fungal pathobiology. Moreover, treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus, requires prolonged therapeutic regimens. Among the numerous factors underpinning the establishment of Paracoccidioides spp. infection, the capacity to transition from the mycelial to the yeast form is of pivotal importance. The Drk1 protein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis likely plays a decisive role in this morphological shift and subsequent virulence. We identified peptides with affinity for the PbDrk1 protein using the phage-display method and assessed the effects of these peptides on P. brasiliensis. The peptides were found to inhibit the phase transition of P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of these peptides prevented adhesion to pneumocytes. Although these peptides may not possess inherent antifungal properties, they can augment the effects of certain antifungal agents. Notably, the cell wall architecture of P. brasiliensis appears to be modulated by peptide intervention, resulting in a reduced abundance of glycosylated proteins and lipids. These peptides were also evaluated for their efficacy in a Galleria mellonella model and shown to contribute to enhanced larval survival rates. The role of PbDrk1, which is notably absent in mammals, should be further investigated to improve the understanding of its functional role in P. brasiliensis, which may be helpful for designing novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Laboratório Central de Multiusuários, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Nathália Fregonezi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Kelvin Sousa dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
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Fusco-Almeida AM, de Matos Silva S, dos Santos KS, de Lima Gualque MW, Vaso CO, Carvalho AR, Medina-Alarcón KP, Pires ACMDS, Belizario JA, de Souza Fernandes L, Moroz A, Martinez LR, Ruiz OH, González Á, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Alternative Non-Mammalian Animal and Cellular Methods for the Study of Host-Fungal Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:943. [PMID: 37755051 PMCID: PMC10533014 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study of fungal pathogenesis, alternative methods have gained prominence due to recent global legislation restricting the use of mammalian animals in research. The principle of the 3 Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) is integrated into regulations and guidelines governing animal experimentation in nearly all countries. This principle advocates substituting vertebrate animals with other invertebrate organisms, embryos, microorganisms, or cell cultures. This review addresses host-fungus interactions by employing three-dimensional (3D) cultures, which offer more faithful replication of the in vivo environment, and by utilizing alternative animal models to replace traditional mammals. Among these alternative models, species like Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio share approximately 75% of their genes with humans. Furthermore, models such as Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor demonstrate similarities in their innate immune systems as well as anatomical and physiological barriers, resembling those found in mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Samanta de Matos Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (O.H.R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Kelvin Sousa dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Marcos William de Lima Gualque
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Angélica Romão Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Kaila Petrolina Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Moreira da Silva Pires
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Jenyffie Araújo Belizario
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Lígia de Souza Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Luis R. Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Orville Hernandez Ruiz
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (O.H.R.); (Á.G.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Group University of Antioquia, Corporation for Biological Research, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (O.H.R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
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Moro IJ, Carvalho FA, Scardelato Pereira JA, Brasil Romão G, Faibicher A, Rodrigues WD, Pires Assis R, Lourenço Brunetti I, de Lacorte Singulani J, Fusco-Almeida AM, Gonzaga Dos Santos A. Green Chromatographic Methods and in Vitro Pharmacological Analysis of Varronia curassavica Leaf Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300329. [PMID: 37402173 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Varronia curassavica displays anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, and antioxidant activities. Herein, we employed new UHPLC -UV green chromatographic methods for the analysis of in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of V. curassavica and its embryotoxicity in Zebrafish. Cordialin A, brickellin, and artemetin were purified from the ethanol (EtOH) extract of V. Curassavica leaves and identified using spectrometric techniques. In line with Green Analytical Chemistry principles, the proposed UHPLC methods involve the use of ethanol as organic modifier with low mobile phase consumption, and without sample pretreatment (OLE-UHPLC-UV). The application of the Agree and HPLC-EAT tools for greenness assessment yielded this pattern: HPLC-UV (reference)
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Jacob Moro
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alexandre Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juhan Augusto Scardelato Pereira
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Brasil Romão
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - André Faibicher
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Winner Duque Rodrigues
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Assis
- Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Dos Santos KS, Oliveira LT, de Lima Fontes M, Migliato KF, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJS, Moroz A. Alginate-Based 3D A549 Cell Culture Model to Study Paracoccidioides Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:634. [PMID: 37367570 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) lung aggregate model based on sodium alginate scaffolds was developed to study the interactions between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) and lung epithelial cells. The suitability of the 3D aggregate as an infection model was examined using cell viability (cytotoxicity), metabolic activity, and proliferation assays. Several studies exemplify the similarity between 3D cell cultures and living organisms, which can generate complementary data due to the greater complexity observed in these designed models, compared to 2D cell cultures. A 3D cell culture system of human A549 lung cell line plus sodium alginate was used to create the scaffolds that were infected with Pb18. Our results showed low cytotoxicity, evidence of increased cell density (indicative of cell proliferation), and the maintenance of cell viability for seven days. The confocal analysis revealed viable yeast within the 3D scaffold, as demonstrated in the solid BHI Agar medium cultivation. Moreover, when ECM proteins were added to the alginate scaffolds, the number of retrieved fungi was significantly higher. Our results highlight that this 3D model may be promising for in vitro studies of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Sousa Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 85040-167, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Bonatti JLC, Vaso CO, Santos MB, Polaquini CR, Santoni Biasioli MM, Herculano RD, Regasini LO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051402. [PMID: 37242644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of dermatophytes to live in communities and resist antifungal drugs may explain treatment recurrence, especially in onychomycosis. Therefore, new molecules with reduced toxicity that target dermatophyte biofilms should be investigated. This study evaluated nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (nonyl) susceptibility and mechanism of action on planktonic cells and biofilms of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Metabolic activities, ergosterol, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified, and the expression of genes encoding ergosterol was determined by real-time PCR. The effects on the biofilm structure were visualized using confocal electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms were susceptible to nonyl and resistant to fluconazole, griseofulvin (all strains), and terbinafine (two strains). The SEM results revealed that nonyl groups seriously damaged the biofilms, whereas synthetic drugs caused little or no damage and, in some cases, stimulated the development of resistance structures. Confocal microscopy showed a drastic reduction in biofilm thickness, and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that the compound promoted the derangement and formation of pores in the plasma membrane. Biochemical and molecular assays indicated that fungal membrane ergosterol is a nonyl target. These findings show that nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a promising antifungal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Níura M Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Modlane University (UEM), Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Jean Lucas C Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Santoni Biasioli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli D Herculano
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
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7
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de Almeida Campos L, Fin MT, Santos KS, de Lima Gualque MW, Freire Cabral AKL, Khalil NM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mainardes RM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Voriconazole Delivery Applied to Invasive Fungal Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010266. [PMID: 36678893 PMCID: PMC9863752 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections increase mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. The treatment of these infections is still limited due to the low bioavailability and toxicity, requiring therapeutic monitoring, especially in the most severe cases. Voriconazole is an azole widely used to treat invasive aspergillosis, other hyaline molds, many dematiaceous molds, Candida spp., including those resistant to fluconazole, and for infections caused by endemic mycoses, in addition to those that occur in the central nervous system. However, despite its broad activity, using voriconazole has limitations related to its non-linear pharmacokinetics, leading to supratherapeutic doses and increased toxicity according to individual polymorphisms during its metabolism. In this sense, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have successfully improved the physicochemical and biological aspects of different classes of drugs, including antifungals. In this review, we highlighted recent work that has applied nanotechnology to deliver voriconazole. These systems allowed increased permeation and deposition of voriconazole in target tissues from a controlled and sustained release in different routes of administration such as ocular, pulmonary, oral, topical, and parenteral. Thus, nanotechnology application aiming to delivery voriconazole becomes a more effective and safer therapeutic alternative in the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís de Almeida Campos
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Margani Taise Fin
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Sousa Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos William de Lima Gualque
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Lima Freire Cabral
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
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8
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de Lima Fontes M, Neves FMDL, Santos KS, Fusco-Almeida AM, Giannini MJSM, Felisbino SL, Deffune E, Moroz A. Multiple Tolerization Subtractive Immunization (MTSI) Protocol: Effects on Mice and Monoclonal Antibody Specificity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760817. [PMID: 34950138 PMCID: PMC8688850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been a valuable tool to elucidate several biological processes, such as stem cell differentiation and cancer, and contributed to virtually all areas of biomedical sciences. Yet, it remains a challenge to obtain mAbs specific to poorly expressed epitopes, or to epitopes that are actually involved in important biological phenomena, such as cell differentiation and metastasis. Drug-induced subtractive immunization, and recently the multiple tolerization subtractive immunization (MTSI) technique, reported by our group, have the potential to level up the field, as they direct the host´s immune response towards these epitopes. However, due to cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment, high mice mortality can be observed, and only a few data are available on how these techniques affect the immune system of mice. Tolerogen and immunogen cells, RWPE-1 and PC-3 cells, respectively, were individually seeded at 2 × 104 cells/cm2, and then adjusted to 2 × 106 cells per mouse before immunization, which was conducted in a subtractive approach (MTSI) with CY. Immunosuppression of mice was recorded via total white blood counting, as well the reactivity of circulating polyclonal antibodies (pAbs). General parameters, including weight, physical appearance, and behavior on mice subjected to three different concentrations of CY were recorded. mAbs were obtained using classical hybridoma techniques, using the spleen of immunized mice. After purification, antibodies were characterized by Western blotting, and Indirect immunofluorescence. In conclusion, all CY dosage were efficient in creating an immunosuppression state, but only the 100 mg/kg body weight was feasible, as the others resulted in extensive mice mortality. pAbs obtained in the peripheral blood of mice showed more reactivity towards tumor cells. MAbs 2-7A50 and 2-5C11 recognized antigens from tumor cells, but not from their non-tumor counterparts, as shown in western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. MTSI technique was successful in generating mAbs that recognize tumor-specific antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Lima Fontes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Franciny Mara de Lima Neves
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Sousa Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luis Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Extracellular Matrix Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Department of Urology, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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9
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Medina-Alarcón KP, Tobias da Silva IP, Ferin GG, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Marcos CM, Dos Santos MB, Regasini LO, Chorilli M, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Pavan FR, Fusco-Almeida AM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Formation and Treatment of Mixed Biofilm In Vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681131. [PMID: 34790584 PMCID: PMC8591247 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, present in 20% in Latin America, is a public health problem due to a lack of adequate diagnosis. These microorganisms are capable of forming biofilms, mainly in immunocompromised patients, which can lead to death due to the lack of effective treatment for both diseases. The present research aims to show for the first time the formation of mixed biofilms of M. tuberculosis and P. brasiliensis (Pb18) in vitro, as well as to evaluate the action of 3’hydroxychalcone (3’chalc) -loaded nanoemulsion (NE) (NE3’chalc) against monospecies and mixed biofilms, the formation of mixed biofilms of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), 40Rv (clinical strains) and P. brasiliensis (Pb18) (ATCC 32069), and the first condition of formation (H37Rv +Pb18) and (40Rv + Pb18) and second condition of formation (Pb18 + H37Rv) with 45 days of total formation time under both conditions. The results of mixed biofilms (H37Rv + Pb18) and (40Rv + Pb18), showed an organized network of M. tuberculosis bacilli in which P. brasiliensis yeasts are connected with a highly extracellular polysaccharide matrix. The (Pb18 + H37Rv) showed a dense biofilm with an apparent predominance of P. brasiliensis and fragments of M. tuberculosis. PCR assays confirmed the presence of the microorganisms involved in this formation. The characterization of NE and NE3’chalc displayed sizes from 145.00 ± 1.05 and 151.25 ± 0.60, a polydispersity index (PDI) from 0.20± 0.01 to 0.16± 0.01, and zeta potential -58.20 ± 0.92 mV and -56.10 ± 0.71 mV, respectively. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed lamellar structures characteristic of NE. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3’hidroxychalcone (3’chalc) range from 0.97- 7.8 µg/mL and NE3’chalc from 0.24 - 3.9 µg/mL improved the antibacterial activity when compared with 3’chalc-free, no cytotoxicity. Antibiofilm assays proved the efficacy of 3’chalc-free incorporation in NE. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the formation of M. tuberculosis and P. brasiliensis in the mixed biofilm. In addition, the findings present a new possible NE3’chalc treatment alternative for the mixed biofilms of these microorganisms, with a high degree of relevance due to the lack of other treatments for these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Petronila Medina-Alarcón
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Iara Pengo Tobias da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Giovana Garcia Ferin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Pereira-da-Silva
- Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos (IFSC)-University of Sao Paulo (USP) IFSC/USP, Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Exact Sciences and Engineering, Paulista Central University Center (UNICEP), Säo Carlos, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bastos Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drug and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogerio Pavan
- Department of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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10
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Castelli RF, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Drk1, a Dimorphism Histidine Kinase, Contributes to Morphology, Virulence, and Stress Adaptation in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100852. [PMID: 34682273 PMCID: PMC8539220 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P. brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic fungus belonging to Paracoccidioides complex, causative of a systemic, endemic mycosis limited to Latin American countries. Signal transduction pathways related to important aspects as surviving, proliferation according to the biological niches are linked to the fungal pathogenicity in many species, but its elucidation in P. brasiliensis remains poorly explored. As Drk1, a hybrid histidine kinase, plays regulators functions in other dimorphic fungi species, mainly in dimorphism and virulence, here we investigated its importance in P. brasilensis. We, therefore generated the respective recombinant protein, anti-PbDrk1 polyclonal antibody and a silenced strain. The Drk1 protein shows a random distribution including cell wall location that change its pattern during osmotic stress condition; moreover the P. brasiliensis treatment with anti-PbDrk1 antibody, which does not modify the fungus's viability, resulted in decreased virulence in G. mellonella model and reduced interaction with pneumocytes. Down-regulating PbDRK1 yielded phenotypic alterations such as yeast cells with more elongated morphology, virulence attenuation in G. mellonella infection model, lower amount of chitin content, increased resistance to osmotic and cell wall stresses, and also caspofungin, and finally increased sensitivity to itraconazole. These observations highlight the importance of PbDrk1 to P. brasiliensis virulence, stress adaptation, morphology, and cell wall organization, and therefore it an interesting target that could help develop new antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Laboratório Central de Multiusuários, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fernando Castelli
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bila NM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Vaso CO, Bonatti JLC, de Assis LR, Regasini LO, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. 2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679470. [PMID: 34055673 PMCID: PMC8155603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes, fungi that cause dermatophytosis, can invade keratinized tissues in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of these fungi was described recently, and it may be correlated with the long treatment period and common recurrences of this mycosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-dermatophytic and anti-biofilm activity of 2-hydroxychalcone (2-chalcone) in the dark and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated and to determine its mechanism of action. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains were used in the study. The antifungal susceptibility test of planktonic cells, early-stage biofilms, and mature biofilms were performed using colorimetric methods. Topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human skin keratinocyte (HaCat) monolayers were also used in the cytotoxicity assays. The mechanisms of action of 2-chalcone in the dark and under photoexcitation were investigated using confocal microscopy and the quantification of ergosterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and death induction by apoptosis/necrosis. All strains, in the planktonic form, were inhibited after treatment with 2-chalcone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7.8-15.6 mg/L), terbinafine (TRB) (MIC = 0.008–0.03 mg/L), and fluconazole (FLZ) (1–512 mg/L). Early-stage biofilm and mature biofilms were inhibited by 2-chalcone at concentrations of 15.6 mg/L and 31.2 mg/L in all tested strains. However, mature biofilms were resistant to all the antifungal drugs tested. When planktonic cells and biofilms (early-stage and mature) were treated with 2-chalcone-mediated PDT, the inhibitory concentrations were reduced by four times (2–7.8 mg/L). SEM images of biofilms treated with 2-chalcone showed cell wall collapse, resulting from a probable extravasation of cytoplasmic content. The toxicity of 2-chalcone in HaCat cells showed higher IC50 values in the dark than under photoexcitation. Further, 2-chalcone targets ergosterol in the cell and promotes the generation of ROS, resulting in cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Overall, 2-chalcone-mediated PDT is a promising and safe drug candidate against dermatophytes, particularly in anti-biofilm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níura Madalena Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Carvalho Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luís Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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12
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Santos-Filho NA, de Freitas LM, Santos CTD, Piccoli JP, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Cilli EM. Understanding the mechanism of action of peptide (p-BthTX-I) 2 derived from C-terminal region of phospholipase A2 (PLA 2)-like bothropstoxin-I on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Toxicon 2021; 196:44-55. [PMID: 33781796 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on the antimicrobial activity of bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I) and on the premise that a C-terminal peptide of Lys49 myotoxin can reproduce the antimicrobial activity of the parent protein, we aimed to study the mechanism of action of a peptide derived from the C-terminal region of the myotoxin BthTX-I [(p-BthTX-I)2, sequence: KKYRYHLKPFCKK, disulfide-linked dimer] against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fluorescence quenching technique showed that the carboxyfluorescein labeled-peptide [CF-(p-BthTX-I)2] when incubated with E. coli displayed a superior penetration activity than when incubated with S. aureus. Cell death induced by the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 showed a loss of membrane integrity in E. coli and S. aureus; however, the mechanisms of cell death were different, characterized by the presence of necrosis-like and apoptosis-like deaths, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies in E. coli and S. aureus showed morphological changes in the cells, with superficial deformities, appearance of wrinkles and bubbles, and formation of vesicles. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 is different in Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of these peptides is important, since they are promising prototypes for new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura Marise de Freitas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Depto de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Pinto Piccoli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Sanches BCP, Rocha CA, Martin Bedoya JG, da Silva VL, da Silva PB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Chorilli M, Contiero J, Crusca E, Marchetto R. Rhamnolipid-Based Liposomes as Promising Nano-Carriers for Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Peptides Derived from Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:925-939. [PMID: 33603360 PMCID: PMC7882795 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance poses substantial risks to human health. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents, including alternative compounds, such as peptides derived from bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. ParELC3 is a synthetic peptide derived from the ParE toxin reported to be a good inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerases and is therefore a potential antibacterial agent. However, ParELC3 is inactive against bacteria due to its inability to cross the bacterial membranes. To circumvent this limitation we prepared and used rhamnolipid-based liposomes to carry and facilitate the passage of ParELC3 through the bacterial membrane to reach its intracellular target - the topoisomerases. Methods and Results Small unilamellar liposome vesicles were prepared by sonication from three formulations that included 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol. ParELC3 was loaded with high efficiency into the liposomes. Characterization by DLS and TEM revealed the appropriate size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology. In vitro microbiological experiments showed that ParELC3 loaded-liposomes are more efficient (29 to 11 µmol·L−1) compared to the free peptide (>100 µmol·L−1) at inhibiting the growth of standard E. coli and S. aureus strains. RL liposomes showed high hemolytic activity but when prepared with POPC and Chol this activity had a significant reduction. Independently of the formulation, the vesicles had no detectable cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells, even at the highest concentrations tested (1.3 mmol·L−1 and 50 µmol·L−1 for rhamnolipid and ParELC3, respectively). Conclusion The present findings suggest the potential use of rhamnolipid-based liposomes as nanocarrier systems to enhance the bioactivity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cristina Pecoraro Sanches
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Aguiar Rocha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Gregorio Martin Bedoya
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Luiz da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Contiero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of General and Applied Biology, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Crusca
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Marchetto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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14
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Fregonezi NF, Oliveira LT, Singulani JDL, Marcos CM, Dos Santos CT, Taylor ML, Mendes-Giannini MJS, de Oliveira HC, Fusco-Almeida AM. Heat Shock Protein 60, Insights to Its Importance in Histoplasma capsulatum: From Biofilm Formation to Host-Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:591950. [PMID: 33553002 PMCID: PMC7862341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.591950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are among the most widely distributed and evolutionary conserved proteins, acting as essential regulators of diverse constitutive metabolic processes. The Hsp60 of the dimorphic fungal Histoplasma capsulatum is the major surface adhesin to mammalian macrophages and studies of antibody-mediated protection against H. capsulatum have provided insight into the complexity involving Hsp60. However, nothing is known about the role of Hsp60 regarding biofilms, a mechanism of virulence exhibited by H. capsulatum. Considering this, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the Hsp60 on biofilm features of H. capsulatum. Also, the non-conventional model Galleria mellonella was used to verify the effect of this protein during in vivo interaction. The use of invertebrate models such as G. mellonella is highly proposed for the evaluation of pathogenesis, immune response, virulence mechanisms, and antimicrobial compounds. For that purpose, we used a monoclonal antibody (7B6) against Hsp60 and characterized the biofilm of two H. capsulatum strains by metabolic activity, biomass content, and images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We also evaluated the survival rate of G. mellonella infected with both strains under blockage of Hsp60. The results showed that mAb 7B6 was effective to reduce the metabolic activity and biomass of both H. capsulatum strains. Furthermore, the biofilms of cells treated with the antibody were thinner as well as presented a lower amount of cells and extracellular polymeric matrix compared to its non-treated controls. The blockage of Hsp60 before fungal infection of G. mellonella larvae also resulted in a significant increase of the larvae survival compared to controls. Our results highlight for the first time the importance of the Hsp60 protein to the establishment of the H. capsulatum biofilms and the G. mellonella larvae infection. Interestingly, the results with Hsp60 mAb 7B6 in this invertebrate model suggest a pattern of fungus-host interaction different from those previously found in a murine model, which can be due to the different features between insect and mammalian immune cells such as the absence of Fc receptors in hemocytes. However further studies are needed to support this hypothesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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15
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Scorzoni L, Alves de Paula e Silva AC, de Oliveira HC, Tavares dos Santos C, de Lacorte Singulani J, Akemi Assato P, Maria Marcos C, Teodoro Oliveira L, Ferreira Fregonezi N, Rossi DCP, Buffoni Roque da Silva L, Pelleschi Taborda C, Fusco-Almeida AM, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Peptides Derived from 14-3-3 Paracoccidioides spp. Protein. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010052. [PMID: 33451062 PMCID: PMC7828505 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic disease that causes sequelae and requires prolonged treatment; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary. In view of this, three peptides from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein were selected based on its immunogenicity and therapeutic potential. Methods: The in vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of the 14-3-3 peptides were evaluated. The influence of the peptides in immunological and survival aspects was evaluated in vivo, using Galleria mellonella and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: None of the peptides were toxic to HaCaT (skin keratinocyte), MRC-5 (lung fibroblast), and A549 (pneumocyte) cell lines, and only P1 exhibited antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides spp. The peptides could induce an immune response in G. mellonella. Moreover, the peptides caused a delay in the death of Paracoccidioides spp. infected larvae. Regarding C. elegans, the three peptides were able to increase the expression of the antimicrobial peptides. These peptides had essential effects on different aspects of Paracoccidioides spp. infection showing potential for a therapeutic vaccine. Future studies using mammalian methods are necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Claudia Tavares dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Diego Conrado Pereira Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Leandro Buffoni Roque da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Oliveira LT, Medina-Alarcón KP, Singulani JDL, Fregonezi NF, Pires RH, Arthur RA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJS. Dynamics of Mono- and Dual-Species Biofilm Formation and Interactions Between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:551256. [PMID: 33178146 PMCID: PMC7591818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.551256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a highly diverse microbial environment in which microorganisms interact with each other, growing as biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Understanding the interaction among oral microbiota counterparts is pivotal for clarifying the pathogenesis of oral diseases. Candida spp. is one of the most abundant fungi in the oral mycobiome with the ability to cause severe soft tissue lesions under certain conditions. Paracoccidioides spp., the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, may also colonize the oral cavity leading to soft tissue damage. It was hypothesized that both fungi can interact with each other, increasing the growth of the biofilm and its virulence, which in turn can lead to a more aggressive infectivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of mono- and dual-species biofilm growth of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Candida albicans and their infectivity using the Galleria mellonella model. Biomass and fungi metabolic activity were determined by the crystal violet and the tetrazolium salt reduction tests (XTT), respectively, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) was obtained by plating. Biofilm structure was characterized by both scanning electronic- and confocal laser scanning- microscopy techniques. Survival analysis of G. mellonella was evaluated to assess infectivity. Our results showed that dual-species biofilm with P. brasiliensis plus C. albicans presented a higher biomass, higher metabolic activity and CFU than their mono-species biofilms. Furthermore, G. mellonella larvae infected with P. brasiliensis plus C. albicans presented a decrease in the survival rate compared to those infected with P. brasiliensis or C. albicans, mainly in the form of biofilms. Our data indicate that P. brasiliensis and C. albicans co-existence is likely to occur on oral mucosal biofilms, as per in vitro and in vivo analysis. These data further widen the knowledge associated with the dynamics of fungal biofilm growth that can potentially lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Kaila Petronila Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- Laboratory of Mycology and Environmental Diagnosis, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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17
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Garcia LM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Gonçalves LNC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. A Two-Way Road: Antagonistic Interaction Between Dual-Species Biofilms Formed by Candida albicans/Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton rubrum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1980. [PMID: 33013741 PMCID: PMC7499241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomycoses include superficial fungal infections of the skin and its appendages. Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis are some of the most prevalent species that cause dermatomycoses. Several studies show a variable predominance of Candida spp. in relation to dermatophytes, especially in onychomycosis and the possibility of isolating both from the same site. The ability of dermatophytes to form biofilms recently been explored and there is currently no evidence on the involvement of these filamentous fungi in multi-species biofilms. Thus, this study aims to investigate the probable dual-species interaction between T. rubrum and C. albicans and T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis biofilms, considering variable formation conditions, as well as the susceptibility of these dual-species biofilms against terbinafine and efinaconazole. Three conditions of formation of dual-species biofilms were tested: (a) the suspensions of T. rubrum and Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis placed together; (b) suspensions of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis added the pre-adhesion of T. rubrum biofilms; (c) after the maturation of T. rubrum sessile cells. In the first and second conditions, the quantification of metabolic activities, biomass, and polysaccharide materials of mixed biofilms tended to resemble Candida monospecies biofilms. In the third condition, the profiles were modified after the addition of Candida, suggesting that T. rubrum biofilms served as substrate for the development of Candida biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy showed Candida predominance, however, numerous blastoconidia were noted, most evident in the conditions under which Candida was added after the pre-adhesion and maturation of T. rubrum biofilms. Despite the predominance of Candida, the presence of T. rubrum appears to inhibit C. albicans filamentation and C. parapsilosis development, confirming an antagonistic interaction. Fungal burden assays performed when the biofilms were formed together confirmed Candida predominance, as well as susceptibility to antifungals. Further studies will be needed to identify the components of the Candida and T. rubrum biofilm supernatants responsible for inhibiting dermatophyte growth and C. albicans filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Morais Garcia
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Larissa Naiara Carvalho Gonçalves
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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18
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Singulani JDL, Silva JDFD, Gullo FP, Costa MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Enguita FJ, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Fungal-host interactions: insights into microRNA in response to Paracoccidioides species. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200238. [PMID: 32756740 PMCID: PMC7398106 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioides spp. causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important and frequent systemic mycosis that occurs in Latin America. The infectious process begins with contact between the fungus and lung cells, and the molecular pattern of this interaction is currently poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the gene expression in many biological processes, including in the infections. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse the expression of miRNAs in lung cells as response to infection by Paracoccidioides spp. METHODS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based screening was employed to verify differentially expressed miRNAs in human lung cells infected with three different species; Paracoccidioides lutzii, Paracoccidioides americana, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Furthermore, the in silico predictions of target genes and pathways for miRNAs were obtained. FINDINGS The results showed that miRNAs identified in the lung cells were different according to the species studied. However, based on the predicted targets, the potential signaling pathways regulated by miRNAs are common and related to adhesion, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptosis, and immune response mediated by T cells and TGF-β. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study showed the miRNAs pattern of epithelial cells in response to infection by Paracoccidioides species and the potential role of these molecules in the regulation of key pathogenesis mechanisms of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Célia Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Gonçalves LNC, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Da Silva RAM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Taylor ML, Fusco-Almeida AM. Biofilm Formation by Histoplasma capsulatum in Different Culture Media and Oxygen Atmospheres. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1455. [PMID: 32754126 PMCID: PMC7365857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that causes an important systemic mycosis called histoplasmosis. It is an infectious disease with high prevalence and morbidity that affects the general population. Recently, the ability of these fungi to form biofilms, a phenotype that can induce resistance and enhance virulence, has been described. Despite some efforts, data regarding the impact of nutrients and culture media that affect the H. capsulatum biofilm development in vitro are not yet available. This work aimed to study H. capsulatum biofilms, by checking the influence of different culture media and oxygen atmospheres in the development of these communities. The biofilm formation by two strains (EH-315 and G186A) was characterized under different culture media: [Brain and Heart Infusion (BHI), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) with 2% glucose, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and nutrient medium HAM-F12 (HAM-F12) supplemented with glucose (18.2 g/L), glutamic acid (1 g/L), HEPES (6 g/L) and L-cysteine (8.4 mg/L)] and oxygen atmospheres (aerobiosis and microaerophilia), using the XTT reduction assay to quantify metabolic activities, crystal violet staining for biomass, safranin staining for the quantification of polysaccharide material and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the observation of topographies. Results indicated that although all culture mediums have stimulated the maturation of the communities, HAM-F12 provided the best development of biomass and polysaccharide material when compared to others. Regarding the oxygen atmospheres, both stimulated an excellent development of the communities, however in low oxygen conditions an exuberant amount of extracellular matrix was observed when compared to biofilms formed in aerobiosis, mainly in the HAM-F12 media. SEM images showed yeasts embedded by an extracellular matrix in several points, corroborating the colorimetric assays. However, biofilms formed in BHI, RPMI, and DMEM significantly induced yeast to hyphae reversal, requiring further investigation. The results obtained so far contribute to in vitro study of biofilms formed by these fungi and show that nutrition promoted by different media modifies the development of these communities. These data represent advances in the field of biofilms and contribute to future studies that can prove the role of these communities in the fungi-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Department of Para Clinic, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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20
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Serafim-Pinto A, da Silva PB, Bila NM, Bonatti JLDC, Scorzoni L, Singulani JDL, Dos Santos CT, Nazaré AC, Chorilli M, Regasini LO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Incorporation of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Into Nanostructured Lipid Systems: Effective Alternative for Maintaining Anti-Dermatophytic and Antibiofilm Activities and Reducing Toxicity at High Concentrations. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1154. [PMID: 32582096 PMCID: PMC7290161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is the most common mycosis worldwide, affecting approximately 20 to 25% of the population, regardless of gender, race, color, and age. Most antifungal agents used for the treatment of dermatophytosis belong to the azole and allylamine classes. Dermatophytes are reported to be resistant to most commercial drugs, especially microbial biofilms, in addition to their considerable toxicity. It should be emphasized the importance of looking for new molecules with reduced toxicity, as well as new targets and mechanisms of action. This work aims to incorporate nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, a potent fungicide compound against planktonic cells and dermatophyte biofilms in nanostructured lipid systems (NLS), in order to reduce toxicity in high concentrations, improve its solubility and maintain its effectiveness. The compound was incorporated into NLS constituted by cholesterol, mixture of polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij®98) and soybean phosphatidylcholine (Epikuron® 200)], 2: 1 ratio and PBS (phosphate-buffered saline). The characterization of the incorporation was performed. Susceptibility tests were conducted according to document M38-A2 by CLSI (2008). The toxicity of the NLS compound was evaluated in HaCaT cell lines by the sulforhodamine B method and in alternative models Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish. Finally, its efficacy was evaluated against the mature Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes biofilms. NLS and nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate loaded into NLS displayed sizes ranging from 137.8 ± 1.815 to 167.9 ± 4.070 nm; the polydispersity index (PDI) varying from 0.331 ± 0.020 to 0.377 ± 0.004 and zeta potential ranging from −1.46 ± 0.157 to −4.63 ± 0.398 mV, respectively. Polarized light microscopy results confirmed the formation of NLS of the microemulsion type. Nonyl incorporated into NLS showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, ranging from 2 to 15.6 mg/L. The toxicity tests presented cell viability higher than 80% in all tested concentrations, as well as, a significantly increased of the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish models. Anti-biofilm tests proved the efficacy of the incorporation. These findings contribute significantly to the search for new antifungals and allow the systemic administration of the compound, since the incorporation can increase the solubility of non-polar compounds, improve bioavailability, effectiveness and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Aline Serafim-Pinto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, School of Veterinary, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jean Lucas de Carvalho Bonatti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Nazaré
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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21
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, de Andrade CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein is important for virulence in a murine model. Med Mycol 2020; 57:900-904. [PMID: 30476159 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain downregulated the expression of adhesin Pb14-3-3 (Pb14-3-3 aRNA) was evaluated in a murine model of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Pb14-3-3 aRNA displays attenuated virulence and triggered the formation of fewer granulomas by lowering the fungal burden in the lungs. Additionally, the Pb14-3-3 aRNA showed more elongated yeast cells and less ability to induce pneumocytes apoptosis in vitro. Our results show that 14-3-3 is an important virulence factor in P. brasiliensis-induced pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cleverton Roberto de Andrade
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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22
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Lacerda MPF, Marcelino MY, Lourencetti NMS, Neto ÁB, Gattas EA, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Methodologies and Applications of Proteomics for Study of Yeast Strains: An Update. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:893-906. [PMID: 31322071 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190715145131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts are one of the mostly used microorganisms as models in several studies. A wide range of applications in different processes can be attributed to their intrinsic characteristics. They are eukaryotes and therefore valuable expression hosts that require elaborate post-translational modifications. Their arsenal of proteins has become a valuable biochemical tool for the catalysis of several reactions of great value to the food (beverages), pharmaceutical and energy industries. Currently, the main challenge in systemic yeast biology is the understanding of the expression, function and regulation of the protein pool encoded by such microorganisms. In this review, we will provide an overview of the proteomic methodologies used in the analysis of yeasts. This research focuses on the advantages and improvements in their most recent applications with an understanding of the functionality of the proteins of these microorganisms, as well as an update of the advances of methodologies employed in mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Priscila F Lacerda
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mônica Yonashiro Marcelino
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Natália M S Lourencetti
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Baptista Neto
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Edwil A Gattas
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
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23
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Santos-Filho NA, Marise de Freitas L, Tavares dos Santos C, Piccoli JP, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Cilli EM. Study on the mechanism of antibacterial action of the peptides p-BthTX-I and its disulfide-linked dimer (p-BthTX-I)2. Toxicon 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Singulani JL, Scorzoni L, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Applications of Invertebrate Animal Models to Dimorphic Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040118. [PMID: 30347646 PMCID: PMC6308930 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimorphic fungi can be found in the yeast form during infection and as hyphae in the environment and are responsible for a large number of infections worldwide. Invertebrate animals have been shown to be convenient models in the study of fungal infections. These models have the advantages of being low cost, have no ethical issues, and an ease of experimentation, time-efficiency, and the possibility of using a large number of animals per experiment compared to mammalian models. Invertebrate animal models such as Galleria mellonella, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Acanthamoebacastellanii have been used to study dimorphic fungal infections in the context of virulence, innate immune response, and the efficacy and toxicity of antifungal agents. In this review, we first summarize the features of these models. In this aspect, the growth temperature, genome sequence, availability of different strains, and body characteristics should be considered in the model choice. Finally, we discuss the contribution and advances of these models, with respect to dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix spp., and Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya L Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo C de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Caroline M Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Patricia A Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
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25
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Lourencetti NMS, Wolf IR, Lacerda MPF, Valente GT, Zanelli CF, Santoni MM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Enguita FJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Transcriptional profile of a bioethanol production contaminant Candida tropicalis. AMB Express 2018; 8:166. [PMID: 30311091 PMCID: PMC6182018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fermentation process is widely used in the industry for bioethanol production. Even though it is widely used, microbial contamination is unpredictable and difficult to control. The problem of reduced productivity is directly linked to competition for nutrients during contamination. Yeasts representing the Candida species are frequently isolated contaminants. Elucidating the behavior of a contaminant during the fermentation cycle is essential for combatting the contamination. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to better understand the functional and transcriptional behavior of a contaminating yeast Candida tropicalis. We used a global RNA sequencing approach (RNA-seq/MiSeq) to analyze gene expression. Genes with significantly repressed or induced expression, and related to the fermentations process, such as sugar transport, pyruvate decarboxylase, amino acid metabolism, membrane, tolerance to high concentrations of ethanol and temperatures, nutrient suppression), and transcription-linked processes, were identified. The expression pattern suggested that the functional and transcriptional behavior of the contaminating yeast during fermentation for bioethanol production is similar to that of the standard yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the analysis confirmed that C. tropicalis is an important contaminant of the alcoholic fermentation process, generating bioethanol and viability through its tolerance to all the adversities of a fermentation process essential for the production of bioethanol. According on the gene expression profile, many of these mechanisms are similar to those of S. cerevisiae strains currently used for bioethanol production. These mechanisms can inform studies on antimicrobials, to combat yeast contamination during industrial bioethanol production.
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26
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Scorzoni L, de Lucas MP, Singulani JDL, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Evaluation of Caenorhabditis elegans as a host model for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4816731. [PMID: 29361158 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection affecting mainly Latin American countries that is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. During the study of fungal pathogenesis, in vivo studies are crucial to understand the overall mechanisms involving the infection as well as to search for new therapeutic treatments and diagnosis. Caenorhabditis elegans is described as an infection model for different fungi species and a well-characterized organism to study the innate immune response. This study evaluates C. elegans as an infection model for Paracoccidioides spp. It was observed that both species do not cause infection in C. elegans, as occurs with Candida albicans, and one possible explanation is that the irregular size and shape of Paracoccidioides spp. difficult the ingestion of these fungi by the nematode. Besides this difficulty in the infection, we could observe that the simple exposition of C. elegans to Paracoccidioides species was able to trigger a distinct pattern of expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. The expression of cnc-4, nlpl-27 and nlp-31 was superior after the exposure to P. brasiliensis in comparison to P. lutzii (P < 0.05), and these findings demonstrate important differences regarding innate immune response activation caused by the two species of the Paracoccidioides genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Pilar de Lucas
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
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27
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Inui Kishi RN, Stach-Machado D, Singulani JDL, dos Santos CT, Fusco-Almeida AM, Cilli EM, Freitas-Astúa J, Picchi SC, Machado MA. Evaluation of cytotoxicity features of antimicrobial peptides with potential to control bacterial diseases of citrus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203451. [PMID: 30192822 PMCID: PMC6128562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be found in various organisms, and could be considered an alternative for pesticides used to control plant pathogens, including those affecting citrus. Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of frozen concentrated orange juice in the world. However, the citrus industry has been affected by several diseases such as citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X.citri) and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), respectively. In order to control these pathogens, putative AMPs were prospected in databases containing citrus sequences. Furthermore, AMPs already reported in the literature were also used for in vitro and in vivo assays against X.citri. Since CaLas cannot be cultivated in vitro, surrogates as Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were used. This study reports the evaluation of six AMPs obtained from different sources, two of them from Citrus spp. (citrus-amp1 and citrus-amp2), three from amphibians (Hylin-a1, K0-W6-Hy-a1 and Ocellatin 4-analogue) and one from porcine (Tritrpticin). Peptides K0-W6-Hy-a1, Ocellatin 4-analogue, and citrus-amp1 showed bactericidal activity against X.citri and S. meliloti and bacteriostatic effect on A. tumefaciens. These results were confirmed for X.citri in planta. In addition cytotoxicity evaluations of these molecules were performed. The AMPs that showed the lowest hemolytic activities were Triptrpticin, citrus-amp1 and citrus-amp2. Citrus-amp1 and citrus-amp2 not presented toxicity in experiments using in vivo model, G. mellonella and U87 MG cells. To verify the interaction of these AMPs with bacteria and erythrocyte cell membranes, vesicles mimicking these cells were built. Citrus-amp1 and Tritrpticin exhibited higher affinity to bacterial membranes, while Ocellatin 4-analogue and Hylin-a1 showed higher affinity to erythrocyte membranes; exclude their use in citrus. This work demonstrates an essential alternative, trough AMPs obtained from Citrus spp., which can be feasibly used to control bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Naomi Inui Kishi
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Dagmar Stach-Machado
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Bioquímica e tecnologia química, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Cristina Picchi
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Almeida R, Nakamura CN, de Lima Fontes M, da Silva JP, Bertanha M, Deffune E, Fusco-Almeida AM, Moroz A. Multiple Tolerization Reduces Antibody Binding Against Tolerogen Cells: Implications for the Production of Monoclonal Antibodies. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:100-104. [PMID: 29708868 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an immunization technique that can update the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): the multiple tolerization subtractive immunization (MTSI). A total of 10 BALB/C mice were used. Animals in group 1 received one inoculation of RWPE-1 cells (nontumoral), followed by cyclophosphamide, and then received serial inoculations of nonirradiated PC3 cells (tumoral). Animals in group 2 received our MTSI protocol, as follows: one inoculation of RWPE-1 cells, followed by cyclophosphamide (Cy). This whole tolerization step was repeated three other times, with 14-day intervals between the last Cy exposure and the next RWPE-1 cell inoculation. Finally, the animals received the same nonirradiated PC3 cell exposure as group 1. Blood was taken from each animal, and their polyclonal sera individually tested against the nontumoral RWPE-1 cells in flow cytometry. We found out that, after the MTSI was employed, the serum of the immunized animals, in group 2, contained considerably less antibodies that reacted against the tolerogenic cells, compared with the serum of the animals that underwent regular subtractive immunization. We showed that, by repeating the tolerization cycles, the polyclonal antibodies produced by mice have a reduced specificity toward common/immunodominant epitopes present at nontumoral cells, and thus this technique can be readily used by others in studies involving murine mAb protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Almeida
- 1 Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, Proteomics Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cecília Naomi Nakamura
- 1 Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, Proteomics Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- 1 Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, Proteomics Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia Paiola da Silva
- 1 Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, Proteomics Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Matheus Bertanha
- 2 Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- 2 Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- 1 Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, Proteomics Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- 1 Monoclonal Antibody Laboratory, Proteomics Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil .,2 Cell Engineering Laboratory, Blood Transfusion Center , Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Medicine, Botucatu, Brazil .,3 Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara, Brazil
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29
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Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Singulani JDL, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Can passage in Galleria mellonella activate virulence factors of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as in the murine model? Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 28637229 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease restricted to Latin countries, and its etiologic agents derive from the Paracoccidioides genus. Attenuation or loss of virulence in Paracoccidioides spp. following successive subculturing has been described. However, virulence can be recovered by passage in mammalian host. In this study, the recovery of adhesion of P. brasiliensis through passage in mice was compared to that in the insect Galleria mellonella. Analysis of in vitro fungal-host cell interaction, gene expression of adhesins, and analysis of the survival curves revealed that Galleria mellonella is useful for the reactivation of P. brasiliensis adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
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30
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Yonashiro Marcelino M, Azevedo Borges F, Martins Costa AF, de Lacorte Singulani J, Ribeiro NV, Barcelos Costa-Orlandi C, Garms BC, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ, Herculano RD, Fusco-Almeida AM. Antifungal activity of fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex against Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:359-367. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work aimed to produce a membrane based on fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex (NRL), and study their interaction, drug release and antifungal susceptibility against Candida albicans. Materials & methods: Fluconazole-loaded NRL membrane was obtained by casting method. Results: The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed no modifications either in NRL or fluconazole after the incorporation. Mechanical test presented low Young's modulus and high strain, indicating the membranes have sufficient elasticity for biomedical application. The bio-membrane was able to release the drug and inhibit the growth of C. albicans as demonstrated by disk diffusion and macrodilution assays. Conclusion: The biomembrane was able to release fluconazole and inhibit the growth of C. albicans, representing a promising biomaterial for skin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Yonashiro Marcelino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Azevedo Borges
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Biochemistry & Chemical Technology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Martins Costa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathan Vinícius Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cambraia Garms
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Biochemistry & Chemical Technology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bernardi T, da Silva JDF, Vicentin J, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, de Paula E Silva ACA, da Silva RAM, Regasini LO, Silva DHS, da Silva Bolzani V, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Anti-apoptotic effects of decyl gallate on the induction of apoptosis in A549 pneumocytes by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43. Med Mycol 2017; 55:890-894. [PMID: 28339963 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is considered an escape mechanism from the host immune system for the fungus Paracoccidioides spp, and it serves as a vehicle for entry into macrophages without stimulating microbicidal activities. Recently, gp43 of P. brasiliensis was demonstrated to be involved in this process. Therefore, as a new therapeutic alternative, it is very important to study compounds that could reduce the modulation of the induction of apoptosis caused by this fungus. Decyl gallate (G14) is a known antifungal compound, and we decided to investigate its anti-apoptotic properties. Our results demonstrate that G14 was effective against apoptosis induced by gp43, as observed in epithelial cells, and led to a reduction in DNA damage, Bak down-regulation and Bcl-2 up-regulation. Together, these data show that G14 presents promising anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Bernardi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vicentin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Campus São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Química, Campus Araraquara Departamento de Química Orgânica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Química, Campus Araraquara Departamento de Química Orgânica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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de Almeida R, Nakamura CN, de Lima Fontes M, Deffune E, Felisbino SL, Kaneno R, Fávaro WJ, Billis A, Cerri MO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJ, Moroz A. Enhanced immunization techniques to obtain highly specific monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2017; 10:46-54. [PMID: 28581886 PMCID: PMC5800380 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1331804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite fast advances in genomics and proteomics, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are still a valuable tool for areas such as the evolution of basic research in stem cells and cancer, for immunophenotyping cell populations, diagnosing and prognosis of diseases, and for immunotherapy. To summarize different subtractive immunization approaches successfully used for the production of highly specific antibodies, we identified scientific articles in NCBI PubMed using the following search terms: subtractive immunization, monoclonal antibody, tolerization, neonatal, high-zone tolerance, masking immunization. Patent records were also consulted. From the list of results, we included all available reports, from 1985 to present, that used any enhanced immunization technique to produce either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Our examination yielded direct evidence that these enhanced immunization techniques are efficient in obtaining specific antibodies to rare epitopes, with different applications, such as to identify food contaminants or tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Almeida
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Cecília Naomi Nakamura
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Marina de Lima Fontes
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- b Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab. , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luis Felisbino
- c Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu , Department of Morphology, Extracellular Matrix Lab ., Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- d Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu , Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tumor Immunology Lab ., Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- e Univ Campinas - UNICAMP, Biology Institute , Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Immunotherapy Lab ., Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Athanase Billis
- f Univ Estadual Campinas - UNICAMP, School of Medicine , Department of Pathology, Uropathology Lab. , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Marcel Otavio Cerri
- g Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara , Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Maria José Mendes Giannini
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Andrei Moroz
- a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Monoclonal Antibody Lab. , Araraquara , Brazil.,b Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab. , Botucatu , Brazil.,g Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara , Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology , Araraquara , Brazil
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Palanco AC, Lacorte Singulani JD, Costa-Orlandi CB, Gullo FP, Strohmayer Lourencetti NM, Gomes PC, Ayusso GM, Dutra LA, Silva Bolzani VD, Regasini LO, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Activity of 3'-hydroxychalcone against Cryptococcus gattii and toxicity, and efficacy in alternative animal models. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1123-1134. [PMID: 28876122 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This work aimed to evaluate the activity of 3'-hydroxychalcone against Cryptococcus gattii in planktonic and biofilm forms and their toxicity using alternative animal models. MATERIALS & METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicide concentration were determined. Biofilm formation and the susceptibility tests were performed by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[carbonyl(phenylamino)]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay. Toxicity and efficacy were checked in Danio rerio and Galleria mellonella models. RESULTS The compound 3'-hydroxychalcone showed fungicidal activity against C. gattii in both planktonic and biofilm forms. The toxicity in zebrafish embryos revealed a low lethal concentration. In G. mellonella, the compound did not show antifungal activity and larvae toxicity. CONCLUSION Because of the activity of 3'-hydroxychalcone against C. gattii in vitro, molecular modifications should be made to improve efficacy and to reduce toxicity in vivo. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cerrejón Palanco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Patrícia Gullo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Gomes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miranda Ayusso
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters & Exact Sciences, UNESP - São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters & Exact Sciences, UNESP - São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Sardi JCO, Pitangui NS, de Oliveira HC, Scorzoni L, Galeane MC, Medina-Alarcón KP, Melo WCMA, Marcelino MY, Braz JD, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Fungal Biofilms and Polymicrobial Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3020022. [PMID: 29371540 PMCID: PMC5715925 DOI: 10.3390/jof3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for pathogenic fungi. Both yeasts and filamentous fungi can adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces, developing into highly organized communities that are resistant to antimicrobials and environmental conditions. In recent years, new genera of fungi have been correlated with biofilm formation. However, Candida biofilms remain the most widely studied from the morphological and molecular perspectives. Biofilms formed by yeast and filamentous fungi present differences, and studies of polymicrobial communities have become increasingly important. A key feature of resistance is the extracellular matrix, which covers and protects biofilm cells from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, to achieve cell–cell communication, microorganisms secrete quorum-sensing molecules that control their biological activities and behaviors and play a role in fungal resistance and pathogenicity. Several in vitro techniques have been developed to study fungal biofilms, from colorimetric methods to omics approaches that aim to identify new therapeutic strategies by developing new compounds to combat these microbial communities as well as new diagnostic tools to identify these complex formations in vivo. In this review, recent advances related to pathogenic fungal biofilms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Janaina C O Sardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba SP 13414-018, Brazil.
| | - Nayla S Pitangui
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Mariana C Galeane
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Kaila P Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Wanessa C M A Melo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Y Marcelino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline D Braz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara SP 14800-903, Brazil.
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De Lacorte Singulani J, De Fátima Da Silva J, Gullo FP, Costa MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Enguita FJ, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Preliminary evaluation of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in paracoccidioidomycosis. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:353-357. [PMID: 28451399 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs (length, 19-24 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition of proteins. Circulating miRNAs, which are extremely stable and protected from RNAse-mediated degradation in body fluids, have appeared as candidate biomarkers for numerous diseases. However, little is known about circulating miRNAs in fungal infections. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the Paracoccidioides species, and is endemic in Central and South America, with predominance in adult male workers from rural areas. The current study aimed to identify a serum miRNA expression profile that could serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for PCM. Total RNA was isolated and the levels of circulating miRNAs were compared between patients with PCM and healthy control subjects using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analysis was used to evaluate the potential roles of these miRNAs in PCM. Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed in serum samples from patients with PCM. These miRNAs are associated with apoptosis and immune response. The identified miRNAs facilitate with understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the host-parasite interaction of PCM. Furthermore, considering that the diagnosis of PCM presents difficulties, these miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya De Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Julhiany De Fátima Da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patricia Gullo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Marina Célia Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
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Sardi JDCO, Gullo FP, Freires IA, Pitangui NDS, Segalla MP, Fusco-Almeida AM, Rosalen PL, Regasini LO, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Synthesis, antifungal activity of caffeic acid derivative esters, and their synergism with fluconazole and nystatin against Candida spp. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:387-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lima CS, Polaquini CR, Santos MBD, Gullo FP, Leite FS, Scorzoni L, Bolzani VDS, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM, Rezende AA, Regasini LO. Anti-Candida and anti-Cryptococcus evaluation of 15 non-alkaloidal compounds from Pterogyne nitens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sangalli-Leite F, Scorzoni L, Alves de Paula E Silva AC, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, de Lacorte Singulani J, Gullo FP, Moraes da Silva R, Regasini LO, Siqueira da Silva DH, da Silva Bolzani V, Fusco-Almeida AM, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. Synergistic effect of pedalitin and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:504-511. [PMID: 27742203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection responsible for high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Combination of antifungal substances is a promising way to increase the percentage of successful treatment. Pedalitin (PED) is a natural substance obtained from Pterogyne nitens. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of PED alone and in combination with amphotericin B (AmB) in vitro and in vivo against Cryptococcus spp. In the in vitro assay, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.125 mg/L for AmB and 3.9 mg/L for PED were found when the substances were tested alone, whilst in the combination treatment the active concentration of both decreased, with MICs of 0.03 mg/L for AmB and 1 mg/L for PED. In the survival assay, fungal burden study and histopathological assays it was possible to study the efficacy of the substances alone and in combination. The efficacy of combination therapy was considered better than monotherapy as evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model and a murine model. Thus, the combination of PED and AmB is an interesting alternative for anticryptococcal fungal treatment. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the invertebrate and murine models for this antifungal treatment combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sangalli-Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patrícia Gullo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil.
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Pires RH, Cataldi TR, Franceschini LM, Labate MV, Fusco-Almeida AM, Labate CA, Palma MS, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. Metabolic profiles of planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida orthopsilosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1299-1313. [PMID: 27662506 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to understand which Candida orthopsilosis protein aids fungus adaptation upon its switching from planktonic growth to biofilm. MATERIALS & METHODS Ion mobility separation within mass spectrometry analysis combination were used. RESULTS Proteins mapped for different biosynthetic pathways showed that selective ribosome autophagy might occur in biofilms. Glucose, used as a carbon source in the glycolytic flux, changed to glycogen and trehalose. CONCLUSION Candida orthopsilosis expresses proteins that combine a variety of mechanisms to provide yeasts with the means to adjust the catalytic properties of enzymes. Adjustment of the enzymes helps modulate the biosynthesis/degradation rates of the available nutrients, in order to control and coordinate the metabolic pathways that enable cells to express an adequate response to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Helena Pires
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Regiani Cataldi
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Franceschini
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Veneziano Labate
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Sérgio Palma
- Department of Biology, Lab. Structural Biology & Zoochemistry, CEIS, Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Assato PA, Yamazaki DS, da Silva RAM, Santos CT, Santos-Filho NA, Portuondo DL, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Identification and characterisation of elongation factor Tu, a novel protein involved in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow079. [PMID: 27634774 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp., which are temperature-dependent dimorphic fungi, are responsible for the most prevalent human systemic mycosis in Latin America, the paracoccidioidomycosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the involvement of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. Adhesive properties were examined using recombinant PbEF-Tu proteins and the respective polyclonal anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody. Immunogold analysis demonstrated the surface location of EF-Tu in P. brasiliensis. Moreover, PbEF-Tu was found to bind to fibronectin and plasminogen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it was determined that the binding to plasminogen is at least partly dependent on lysine residues and ionic interactions. To verify the participation of EF-Tu in the interaction of P. brasiliensis with pneumocytes, we blocked the respective protein with an anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody and evaluated the consequences on the interaction index by flow cytometry. During the interaction, we observed a decrease of 2- and 3-fold at 8 and 24 h, respectively, suggesting the contribution of EF-Tu in fungal adhesion/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniella Sayuri Yamazaki
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Tavares Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química, Unidade de Síntese, Estrutura e Caracterização de Peptídeos e Proteínas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Deivys Leandro Portuondo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacéuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Voltan AR, Quindós G, Alarcón KPM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Chorilli M. Fungal diseases: could nanostructured drug delivery systems be a novel paradigm for therapy? Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3715-30. [PMID: 27540288 PMCID: PMC4982498 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive mycoses are a major problem for immunocompromised individuals and patients in intensive care units. Morbidity and mortality rates of these infections are high because of late diagnosis and delayed treatment. Moreover, the number of available antifungal agents is low, and there are problems with toxicity and resistance. Alternatives for treating invasive fungal infections are necessary. Nanostructured systems could be excellent carriers for antifungal drugs, reducing toxicity and targeting their action. The use of nanostructured systems for antifungal therapy began in the 1990s, with the appearance of lipid formulations of amphotericin B. This review encompasses different antifungal drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, carriers based on solid lipids and nanostructure lipids, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and others. All these delivery systems have advantages and disadvantages. Main advantages are the improvement in the antifungal properties, such as bioavailability, reduction in toxicity, and target tissue, which facilitates innovative therapeutic techniques. Conversely, a major disadvantage is the high cost of production. In the near future, the use of nanosystems for drug delivery strategies can be used for delivering peptides, including mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of oral and vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Raquel Voltan
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kaila P Medina Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Lacorte Singulani J, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal drugs against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii in a Galleria mellonella model. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:292-7. [PMID: 27444116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii belong to a group of thermodimorphic fungi and cause paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is a human systemic mycosis endemic in South and Central America. Patients with this mycosis are commonly treated with amphotericin B (AmB) and azoles. The study of fungal virulence and the efficacy and toxicity of antifungal drugs has been successfully performed in a Galleria mellonella infection model. In this work, G. mellonella larvae were infected with two Paracoccidioides spp. and the efficacy and toxicity of AmB and itraconazole were evaluated in this model for the first time. AmB and itraconazole treatments were effective in increasing larval survival and reducing the fungal burden. The fungicidal and fungistatic effects of AmB and itraconazole, respectively, were observed in the model. Furthermore, these effects were independent of changes in haemocyte number. G. mellonella can serve as a rapid model for the screening of new antifungal compounds against Paracoccidioides and can contribute to a reduction in experimental animal numbers in the study of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil.
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Scorzoni L, Sangalli-Leite F, de Lacorte Singulani J, de Paula e Silva ACA, Costa-Orlandi CB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Searching new antifungals: The use of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of natural compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Enguita FJ, Costa MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJ, Leitão AL. Transcriptomic Crosstalk between Fungal Invasive Pathogens and Their Host Cells: Opportunities and Challenges for Next-Generation Sequencing Methods. J Fungi (Basel) 2016; 2:jof2010007. [PMID: 29376924 PMCID: PMC5753088 DOI: 10.3390/jof2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal invasive infections are an increasing health problem. The intrinsic complexity of pathogenic fungi and the unmet clinical need for new and more effective treatments requires a detailed knowledge of the infection process. During infection, fungal pathogens are able to trigger a specific transcriptional program in their host cells. The detailed knowledge of this transcriptional program will allow for a better understanding of the infection process and consequently will help in the future design of more efficient therapeutic strategies. Simultaneous transcriptomic studies of pathogen and host by high-throughput sequencing (dual RNA-seq) is an unbiased protocol to understand the intricate regulatory networks underlying the infectious process. This protocol is starting to be applied to the study of the interactions between fungal pathogens and their hosts. To date, our knowledge of the molecular basis of infection for fungal pathogens is still very limited, and the putative role of regulatory players such as non-coding RNAs or epigenetic factors remains elusive. The wider application of high-throughput transcriptomics in the near future will help to understand the fungal mechanisms for colonization and survival, as well as to characterize the molecular responses of the host cell against a fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Enguita
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Marina C Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Núcleo de Proteômica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Mendes-Giannini
- Núcleo de Proteômica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia Leitão
- MEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
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Marcos CM, Silva JDFD, Oliveira HCD, Assato PA, Singulani JDL, Lopez AM, Tamayo DP, Hernandez-Ruiz O, McEwen JG, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Decreased expression of 14-3-3 in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis confirms its involvement in fungal pathogenesis. Virulence 2015; 7:72-84. [PMID: 26646480 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 protein. The 14-3-3 protein belongs to a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells and are involved in diverse cellular functions. Here, we investigated the relevance of the 14-3-3 protein to the virulence of P. brasiliensis. Using antisense RNA technology and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, we generated a 14-3-3-silenced strain (expression reduced by ˜55%). This strain allowed us to investigate the interaction between 14-3-3 and the host and to correlate the functions of P. brasiliensis 14-3-3 with cellular features, such as morphological characteristics and virulence, that are important for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima ds Silva
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Akemi Assato
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Lopez
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia
| | - Diana Patricia Tamayo
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia
| | - Orville Hernandez-Ruiz
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia.,c Escuela de Microbiología; Universidad de Antioquia ; Medellín , Colombia
| | - Juan G McEwen
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia.,d Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Antioquia ; Medellín , Colombia
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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Scorzoni L, de Paula e Silva ACA, Singulani JDL, Leite FS, de Oliveira HC, Moraes da Silva RA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Comparison of virulence between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii using Galleria mellonella as a host model. Virulence 2015; 6:766-76. [PMID: 26552324 PMCID: PMC4826127 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1085277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis, endemic in Latin America. The etiologic agents of this mycosis are composed of 2 species: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. Murine animal models are the gold standard for in vivo studies; however, ethical, economical and logistical considerations limit their use. Galleria mellonella is a suitable model for in vivo studies of fungal infections. In this study, we compared the virulence of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii in G. mellonella model. The deaths of larvae infected with P. brasiliensis or P. lutzii were similar, and both species were able to reduce the number of hemocytes, which were estimated by microscopy and flow cytometer. Additionally, the phagocytosis percentage was similar for both species, but when we analyze hemocyte-Paracoccidioides spp. interaction using flow cytometer, P. lutzii showed higher interactions with hemocytes. The gene expression of gp43 as well as this protein was higher for P. lutzii, and this expression may contribute to a greater adherence to hemocytes. These results helped us evaluate the behavior of Paracoccidioides spp in G. mellonella, which is a convenient model for investigating the host-Paracoccidioides spp. interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sangalli Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Assato PA, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Rossi D, Valentini SR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Zanelli CF, Fusco-Almeida AM. Functional analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 adhesin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:256. [PMID: 26537993 PMCID: PMC4634143 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of eukaryotic multifunctional proteins involved in several cellular processes. The Pb14-3-3 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis seems to play an important role in the Paracoccidioides-host interaction. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in Latin America. In the initial steps of the infection, Paracoccidioides spp. synthetizes adhesins that allow it to adhere and invade host cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. RESULTS The functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 was performed in S. cerevisiae, and it was found that Pb14-3-3 partially complemented S. cerevisiae proteins Bmh1p and Bmh2p, which are recognized as two yeast 14-3-3 homologues. When we evaluated the adhesion profile of S. cerevisiae transformants, Pb14-3-3 acted as an adhesin in S. cerevisiae; however, Bmh1p did not show this function. The influence of Pb14-3-3 in S. cerevisiae ergosterol pathway was also evaluated and our results showed that Pb14-3-3 up-regulates genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Pb14-3-3 was able to partially complement Bmh1p and Bmh2p proteins in S. cerevisiae; however, we suggest that Pb14-3-3 has a differential role as an adhesin. In addition, Pb-14-3-3 may be involved in Paracoccidioides spp. ergosterol biosynthesis which makes it an interest as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danuza Rossi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Advances and challenges in paracoccidioidomycosis serology caused by Paracoccidioides species complex: an update. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:87-94. [PMID: 26494541 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the possible methodologies for the rapid and inexpensive identification of fungal infections is essential for disease diagnosis, but there are some limitations. To help with this problem, serological methods that detect antigens or antibodies are widely used and are useful for the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) through the detection of gp43, which is the main antigen employed for the immunodiagnosis of this disease caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. However, the use of gp43 has become restricted because it was recently found that this marker is not identified in the infections caused by Paracoccidioides lutzii. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antigens in both species or antigens specific for P. lutzii to decrease the morbidity and/or mortality associated with PCM. This review provides a discussion of new diagnostic challenges after the recent discoveries regarding the taxonomy of the Paracoccidioides genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil.
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Sardi JCO, Santos CT, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. In vitro characterization of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms. Biofouling 2014; 30:719-727. [PMID: 24856309 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.919282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are fungi responsible for a disease known as dermatophytosis. Biofilms are sessile microbial communities surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses. This paper describes, for the first time, the characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms. Biofilm formation was analyzed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) as well as by staining with crystal violet and safranin. Metabolic activity was determined using the XTT reduction assay. Both species were able to form mature biofilms in 72 h. T. rubrum biofilm produced more biomass and EPS and was denser than T. mentagrophytes biofilm. The SEM results demonstrated a coordinated network of hyphae in all directions, embedded within EPS in some areas. Research and characterization of biofilms formed by dermatophytes may contribute to the search of new drugs for the treatment of these mycoses and might inform future revisions with respect to the dose and duration of treatment of currently available antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Costa-Orlandi
- a Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara , SP 14801-902 , Brazil
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Teodoro VLI, Gullo FP, Sardi JDCO, Torres EM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Environmental isolation, biochemical identification, and antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus species. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:759-64. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0025-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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