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A drug library screen identifies Carbenoxolone as novel FOXO inhibitor that overcomes FOXO3-mediated chemoprotection in high-stage neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:1080-1097. [PMID: 31591479 PMCID: PMC6989399 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXO3 has been associated in different tumor entities with hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, maintenance of tumor-initiating stem cells, and drug resistance. In neuroblastoma (NB), we recently demonstrated that nuclear FOXO3 promotes tumor angiogenesis in vivo and chemoresistance in vitro. Hence, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, as no FOXO3 inhibitor is clinically available to date, we used a medium-throughput fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) screening in a drug-repositioning approach to identify compounds that bind to the FOXO3-DNA-binding-domain (DBD). Carbenoxolone (CBX), a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative, was identified as a potential FOXO3-inhibitory compound that binds to the FOXO3-DBD with a binding affinity of 19 µM. Specific interaction of CBX with the FOXO3-DBD was validated by fluorescence-based electrophoretic mobility shift assay (FAM-EMSA). CBX inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 target genes, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), DEPP-, and BIM promoter reporter assays, and real-time RT-PCR analyses. In high-stage NB cells with functional TP53, FOXO3 triggers the expression of SESN3, which increases chemoprotection and cell survival. Importantly, FOXO3 inhibition by CBX treatment at pharmacologically relevant concentrations efficiently repressed FOXO3-mediated SESN3 expression and clonogenic survival and sensitized high-stage NB cells to chemotherapy in a 2D and 3D culture model. Thus, CBX might be a promising novel candidate for the treatment of therapy-resistant high-stage NB and other "FOXO-resistant" cancers.
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Overcoming imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells using non-cytotoxic cell death modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111748. [PMID: 31648125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies examined the possibility to overcome imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients by combination therapy with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands. Pioglitazone, a full PPARγ agonist, improved the survival of patients by the gradual elimination of the residual CML stem cell pool. To evaluate the importance of the pharmacological profile of PPARγ agonists on the ability to circumvent resistance, the partial PPARγ agonist 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, derived from telmisartan, and other related derivatives were investigated. The 4-substituted benzimidazole derivatives bearing a [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxamide moiety sensitized K562-resistant cells to imatinib treatment. Especially the derivatives 18a-f, which did not activate PPARγ to more than 40% at 10 μM, retrieved the cytotoxicity of imatinib in these cells. The cell death modulating properties were higher than that of pioglitazone. It is of interest to note that all novel compounds were not cytotoxic neither on non-resistant nor on resistant cells. They exerted antitumor potency only in combination with imatinib.
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Xing JJ, Hou JG, Ma ZN, Wang Z, Ren S, Wang YP, Liu WC, Chen C, Li W. Ginsenoside Rb3 provides protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via regulation of AMPK-/mTOR-mediated autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12627. [PMID: 31094028 PMCID: PMC6668974 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Based on previous reports that ginsenosides have been shown to exert better preventive effects on cisplatin‐induced kidney injury, the present work aims to evaluate the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb3 (G‐Rb3) on cisplatin‐induced renal damage and underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods The protective effect of G‐Rb3 on cisplatin‐induced acute renal failure in ICR mouse model and HEK293 cell model was investigated, and the underlying possible mechanisms were also explored. For animal experiment, renal function, kidney histology, inflammation, oxidative stress, relative protein molecules involved in apoptosis and autophagy signalling pathways were assessed. In addition, rapamycin (a specific inhibitor of mTOR), compound C (a specific inhibitor of AMPK) and acetylcysteine (NAC, a specific ROS scavenger) were employed to testify the effects of AMPK/mTOR signal pathway on the protective effects of G‐Rb3 in HEK293 cells. Results Pre‐treatment with G‐Rb3 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for ten days significantly reversed the increases in serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Histopathological examination further revealed that G‐Rb3 inhibited cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. G‐Rb3 diminished cisplatin‐induced increase in protein expression levels of p62, Atg3, Atg5 and Atg7, and decrease in protein expression level of p‐mTOR and the ratio of LC3‐I/LC3‐II, indicating that G‐Rb3 suppressed cisplatin‐induced activation of autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy induced inactivation of apoptosis, which suggested that autophagy played an adverse effect on cisplatin‐evoked renal damage. Further, we found that G‐Rb3 might potentially modulate the expressions of AMPK‐related signal pathways. Conclusions These findings clearly suggested that G‐Rb3‐mediated alleviation of cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity was in part due to regulation of AMPK‐/mTOR‐mediated autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xing
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zhi-Na Ma
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Cong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
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Xia M, Zhang Y, Jin K, Lu Z, Zeng Z, Xiong W. Communication between mitochondria and other organelles: a brand-new perspective on mitochondria in cancer. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:27. [PMID: 30931098 PMCID: PMC6425566 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy factories of cells and are important pivots for intracellular interactions with other organelles. They interact with the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and nucleus through signal transduction, vesicle transport, and membrane contact sites to regulate energy metabolism, biosynthesis, immune response, and cell turnover. However, when the communication between organelles fails and the mitochondria are dysfunctional, it may induce tumorigenesis. In this review, we elaborate on how mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and cell nuclei, as well as the relation between organelle communication and tumor development .
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Affiliation(s)
- MengFang Xia
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,2The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,3Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - YaZhuo Zhang
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,2The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,3Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ke Jin
- 2The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - ZiTong Lu
- 2The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,2The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,3Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Wei Xiong
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,2The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,3Hunan Key Laboratory of Non Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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Nabavi SF, Sureda A, Sanches-Silva A, Pandima Devi K, Ahmed T, Shahid M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Braidy N, Vacca RA, Berindan-Neagoe I, Gulei D, Barreca D, Banach M, Nabavi SM, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S. Novel therapeutic strategies for stroke: The role of autophagy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:182-199. [PMID: 30821184 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1575333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important biological mechanism involved in the regulation of numerous fundamental cellular processes that are mainly associated with cellular growth and differentiation. Autophagic pathways are vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis by enhancing the turnover of nonfunctional proteins and organelles. Neuronal cells, like other eukaryotic cells, are dependent on autophagy for neuroprotection in response to stress, but can also induce cell death in cerebral ischemia. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy may induce neuroprotection following acute brain injury, including ischemic stroke. However in some special circumstances, activation of autophagy can induce cell death, playing a deleterious role in the etiology and progression of ischemic stroke. Currently, there are no therapeutic options against stroke that demonstrate efficient neuroprotective abilities. In the present work, we will review the significance of autophagy in the context of ischemic stroke by first outlining its role in ischemic neuronal death. We will also highlight the potential therapeutic applications of pharmacological modulators of autophagy, including some naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds that can target this catabolic process. Our findings provide renewed insight on the mechanism of action of autophagy in stroke together with potential neuroprotective compounds, which may partially exert their function through enhancing mitochondrial function and attenuating damaging autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- a Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- b Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands , Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- c National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV) , Vila do Conde , Portugal.,d Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto , Oporto , Portugal
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- e Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- f Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Momina Shahid
- f Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- g Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.,h Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Central de Chile , Chile
| | - Marco Dacrema
- i Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- i Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Nady Braidy
- j Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- k Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies National Council of Research , Bari , Italy
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- l MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania.,m Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania.,n Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology , The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- l MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Davide Barreca
- o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- p Department of Hypertension , WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,q Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) , Lodz , Poland.,r Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora , Zielona Gora , Poland
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- a Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- s Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,t Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- u Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
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Liu M, Wang Z, Ren M, Yang X, Liu B, Qi H, Yu M, Song S, Chen S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhu WG, Yin Y, Luo J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses. FASEB J 2019; 33:5535-5547. [PMID: 30649986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays a critical role in regulating cell survival, cell growth, and proliferation by antagonizing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The regulatory mechanism of PTEN protein is still not completely understood. Here, we found that Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) interacts with PTEN and regulates its stability. Overexpression of SIRT4 in cells causes down-regulation of PTEN. This regulation is independent of PTEN acetylation and ubiquitination. We further found that SIRT4 degrades PTEN through lysosome pathway mediated by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). SIRT4 bridges PTEN and IDE for degradation in response to nutritional starvation stresses. Our results suggest that when cells were exposed to nutritional starvation, SIRT4 was induced and cooperated with IDE to degrade PTEN; low levels of PTEN promote cells to survive from cellular stress. Our findings provide a new regulation of PTEN in response to cellular stresses.-Liu, M., Wang, Z., Ren, M., Yang, X., Liu, B., Qi, H., Yu, M., Song, S., Chen, S., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Zou, J., Zhu, W.-G., Yin, Y., Luo, J. SIRT4 regulates PTEN stability through IDE in response to cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical and Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Siddiqa A, Cirillo E, Tareen SHK, Ali A, Kutmon M, Eijssen LMT, Ahmad J, Evelo CT, Coort SL. Biological Pathways Leading From ANGPTL8 to Diabetes Mellitus-A Co-expression Network Based Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1841. [PMID: 30627105 PMCID: PMC6309236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a newly identified hormone with unique nature due to its ability to regulate both glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. It is characterized as an important molecular player of insulin induced nutrient storage and utilization pathway during fasting to re-feeding metabolic transition. Several studies have contributed to increase our knowledge regarding its function and mechanism of action. Moreover, its altered expression levels have been observed in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Types I & II) and Non Alcohlic Fatty Liver Disease emphasizing its assessment as a drug target. However, there is still a great deal of information that remains to be investigated including its associated biological processes, partner proteins in these processes, its regulators and its association with metabolic pathogenesis. In the current study, the analysis of a transcriptomic data set was performed for functional assessment of ANGPTL8 in liver. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis coupled with pathway analysis tools was performed to identify genes that are significantly co-expressed with ANGPTL8 in liver and investigate their presence in biological pathways. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis was performed to select the gene ontology classes that over-represent the hepatic ANGPTL8-co-expressed genes. Moreover, the presence of diabetes linked SNPs within the genes set co-expressed with ANGPTL8 was investigated. The co-expressed genes of ANGPTL8 identified in this study (n = 460) provides narrowed down list of molecular targets which are either co-regulated with it and/or might be regulation partners at different levels of interaction. These results are coherent with previously demonstrated roles and regulators of ANGPTL8. Specifically, thirteen co-expressed genes (MAPK8, CYP3A4, PIK3R2, PIK3R4,PRKAB2, G6PC, MAP3K11, FLOT1, PIK3C2G, SHC1, SLC16A2, and RAPGEF1) are also present in the literature curated pathway of ANGPTL8 (WP39151). Moreover, the gene-SNP analysis of highly associated biological processes with ANGPTL8 revealed significant genetic signals associated to Diabetes Mellitus and similar phenotypic traits. It provides meaningful insights on the influencing genes involved and co-expressed in these pathways. Findings of this study have implications in functional characterization of ANGPTL8 with emphasis on the identified genes and pathways and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Cirillo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Samar H K Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lars M T Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Li M, Deng M. A Possible Mechanism: Genistein Improves Metabolism and Induces White Fat Browning Through Modulating Hypothalamic Expression of Ucn3, Depp, and Stc1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:478. [PMID: 31379744 PMCID: PMC6646519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive food components have gained growing attention in recent years. Multiple studies demonstrated that genistein had beneficial effects on metabolism. However, the exact mechanism by which genistein improves metabolism remains unclear, especially the central regulation. This study was designed to evaluate whether addition of genistein to the high-fat diet could counter metabolic disorders and whether these alterations were associated with gene expression in hypothalamus. C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with genistein (0.25 g/kg diet) (HFG) or a normal control diet (CON) for 8 weeks. Body weight was assessed during the study. After 8-week intervention, content of inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), perirenal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were weighed. Glucose tolerance test, the serum levels of insulin and lipid were assessed. The mRNA of browning marker was detected in the white fat. The hypothalamus was collected for whole transcriptome sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR validation. The results demonstrated that mice fed HFG diet had lower body weight and SAT mass, decrease levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and free fatty acids, higher browning marker of Ucp1 and Cidea in WAT and an improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared with those in HF group. Transcriptome sequencing showed that there were three differentially expressed genes in hypothalamus among the three groups, including Ucn3, Depp, and Stc1, which were significantly correlated with the browning markers in WAT and insulin sensitivity. Thus, regulating gene expressions in hypothalamus is a potential mechanism for genistein improving metabolism and inducing WAT browning, which may provide a novel target for the precaution and treatment of T2DM.
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Nie W, Ni D, Ma X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Peng C, Zhang X. miR‑122 promotes proliferation and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing Forkhead box O3. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:559-571. [PMID: 30483771 PMCID: PMC6317650 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve an important role in renal cancer, but renal cancer miRNA expression data remains inconsistent. Therefore, there is a requirement for integrated analysis of these data. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that miR‑122 is dysregulated in numerous cancer types, including liver, lung and breast cancer, yet its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In the present study, an integrated analysis of four ccRCC miRNAs expression datasets was performed and the expression of miR‑122 in the present cohort was validated. The effects of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells in vitro were assayed following transfection with miR‑122 mimics and inhibitor. The target gene of miR‑122 was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay, and a xenograft mouse model was used to determine the effect of miR‑122 in ccRCC tumorigenicity in vivo. The present results demonstrated that patients with ccRCC with an increased miR‑122 level in tumor tissues had a shortened metastasis‑free survival time as indicated by The Cancer Genome Atlas‑Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma dataset and the present ccRCC cohort. Overexpression of miR‑122 in 786‑O cells improved cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, while knockdown of miR‑122 in SN12‑PM6 cells inhibited cell growth, colony formation, migration and invasion. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assays were used to identify FOXO3 as a direct target of miR‑122. The present results indicate that miR‑122 serves a tumor‑promoting role by direct targeting FOXO3 in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Nie
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army, 89th Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Ni
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Chen Q, Gao R, Geng Y, Chen X, Liu X, Zhang L, Mu X, Ding Y, Wang Y, He J. Decreased autophagy was implicated in the decreased apoptosis during decidualization in early pregnant mice. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:589-597. [PMID: 30298448 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency is a major risk factor of birth defects. Mechanistic studies on folate deficiency resulting in birth defects have mainly focused on fetal development. There have been few studies on folate deficiency from the point of view of the mother's uterus. In our previous study, we demonstrated that folate deficiency inhibits apoptosis of decidual cells, thereby restraining decidualization of the endometrium and impairing pregnancy. In this study, we further investigated the potential mechanism by which folate deficiency decreases endometrial apoptosis during decidualization. To investigate whether endometrium autophagy was inhibited under folate deficiency during decidualization, we performed real-time PCR for endometrial LC3 and P62 on day 6 (D6) to D8 of pregnancy in mice, and both were significantly changed compared to non-folate-deficient mice. Western blots showed that LC3-II and P62 were also changed in folate-deficient mice. Compared with control mice, a few punctuate LC3-II structures were detected in the folate deficiency group by immunofluorescence. Transmission electron micrographs of decidual cells on D8 showed that there were no evident autophagosomes in the folate deficiency group. In addition, apoptosis-related protein analysis by western blotting, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry showed that decreased endometrial apoptosis on D8 of pregnancy under folate deficiency was reversed after treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. ROS measurement showed that the endometrium ROS level was reduced by folate deficiency and that rapamycin reversed this effect on day 8 of pregnancy. All the results suggest that inhibiting endometrial autophagy may be implicated in the decreased endometrial apoptosis under folate deficiency during decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Box 197, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:103-121. [PMID: 30012421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is irrevocably linked to aberrant metabolic processes. While once considered a vestigial organelle, we now know that peroxisomes play a central role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids (e.g. plasmalogens), very-long chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. Immune system evasion is a hallmark of cancer, and peroxisomes have an emerging role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. Investigations of individual peroxisome proteins and metabolites support their pro-tumorigenic functions. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how individual functions of proteins and metabolites of the peroxisome orchestrate its potential role as a pro-tumorigenic organelle. This review highlights new advances in our understanding of biogenesis, enzymatic functions, and autophagic degradation of peroxisomes (pexophagy), and provides evidence linking these activities to tumorigenesis. Finally, we propose avenues that may be exploited to target peroxisome-related processes as a mode of combatting cancer.
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Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), also known as adriamycin, is a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor and belongs to the family of anthracycline anticancer drugs. DOX is used for the treatment of a wide variety of cancer types. However, resistance among cancer cells has emerged as a major barrier to effective treatment using DOX. Currently, the role of autophagy in cancer resistance to DOX and the mechanisms involved have become one of the areas of intense investigation. More and more preclinical data are being obtained on reversing DOX resistance through modulation of autophagy as one of the promising therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the recent advances in autophagy-targeting therapies that overcome DOX resistance from in-vitro studies to animal models for exploration of novel delivery systems. In-depth understanding of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation in relation to DOX resistance and development of molecularly targeted autophagy-modulating agents will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming DOX resistance in cancer treatment.
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63
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Li W, Ji M, Lin Y, Miao Y, Chen S, Li H. DEPP/DEPP1/C10ORF10 regulates hepatic glucose and fat metabolism partly via ROS-induced FGF21. FASEB J 2018; 32:5459-5469. [PMID: 29702025 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800357r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP/DEPP1/C10ORF10) is induced by denying access to food and reduced by refeeding in insulin-sensitive organs in vivo. The negative regulation of DEPP by insulin is also proven in several cell lines. However, the functions of DEPP in insulin-sensitive organs remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of DEPP on hepatic energy metabolism and addressed the underlying mechanisms. The metabolic effects of DEPP were investigated in mice with adenovirus-mediated hepatic overexpression. Liver triglyceride (TG), glycogen, and serum metabolites were detected by biochemical assays. Energy homeostasis was measured by indirect calorimetry. Quantitative PCR was used to examine expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. To evaluate the role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) mediating the metabolic effects of DEPP, FGF21 antibody was administrated intraperitoneally to mice at 24 h after the delivery of adenovirus, and the metabolic alterations were examined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by catalase activity assay, live cell fluorescence, or quantitative PCR. Effects of DEPP on the phenotype of db/db mice were also assessed. Acute hepatic overexpression of DEPP significantly reduced serum glucose and TG levels, dramatically elevated β-hydroxybutyrate levels, and improved glucose clearance. Compared with controls, DEPP overexpression reduced food intake, the energy expenditure rate, and the respiratory quotient. DEPP overexpression significantly increased fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis but suppressed lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that DEPP regulates energy metabolism by inducing oxidative stress. With the impairment of the ROS scavenging system and promotion of ROS formation, DEPP overexpression leads to ROS accumulation. FGF21 is upregulated in response to oxidative stress and mediates the effects of DEPP on fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and lipid synthesis but not gluconeogenesis, as evidenced by the fact that the FGF21 antibody dramatically suppressed a DEPP-induced increase of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, reversed the reduction of lipid synthesis, but did not change the suppression of gluconeogenesis. Moreover, overexpression of DEPP in db/ db mice led to a marked reduction in body weight and serum glucose levels and significantly improved insulin sensitivity. Hepatic overexpression of DEPP in mice promotes fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis and suppresses lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, which is partly mediated by FGF21 induced by elevated cellular ROS levels.-Li, W., Ji, M., Lin, Y., Miao, Y., Chen, S., Li, H. DEPP/DEPP1/C10ORF10 regulates hepatic glucose and fat metabolism partly via ROS-induced FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yandie Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang P, Shao BZ, Deng Z, Chen S, Yue Z, Miao CY. Autophagy in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:98-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yadav RK, Chauhan AS, Zhuang L, Gan B. FoxO transcription factors in cancer metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:65-76. [PMID: 29309929 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FoxO transcription factors serve as the central regulator of cellular homeostasis and are tumor suppressors in human cancers. Recent studies have revealed that, besides their classic functions in promoting cell death and inducing cell cycle arrest, FoxOs also regulate cancer metabolism, an emerging hallmark of cancer. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms employed to control FoxO activities in the context of cancer biology, and discuss FoxO function in metabolism reprogramming in cancer and interaction with other key cancer metabolism pathways. A deeper understanding of FoxOs in cancer metabolism may reveal novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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66
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Guo X, Zhang G, Chen L, Khan AA, Gu B, Li B. Newborn Neurons Are Damaged In Vitro by a Low Concentration of Silver Nanoparticles Through the Inflammatory Oxidative Stress Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1062-1070. [PMID: 29058455 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing applications of nanomaterials, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), unknown potential risks are present against humans and the environment, especially to the fetus and neonates, which are more sensitive to the cytotoxicity of such agents. This study focused on the effects of AgNP exposure on newborn neurons differentiated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. We isolated NSCs from fetal rat hippocampus and incubated them in neural differentiation medium for 3-7 days to form newborn neurons and networks. After exposure to 2 μg/mL AgNPs, cell viability was reduced, and early neuronal processes and extensions were fragmented. Furthermore, AgNP treatment increased cellular superoxide dismutase activity and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to neuronal death. AgNPs also increased the expression of FOXO3 and decreased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2, as well as stimulated the formation of autophagosomes. Therefore, even a low concentration of AgNPs can interrupt early neuronal processes, and facilitate neuron apoptosis by increased cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial disruption. Thus, it is necessary to note the daily exposure of nanomaterials (e.g., AgNPs) to pregnant women and infants, which may cause neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Ahsan Ali Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing, China
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67
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Rupp M, Hagenbuchner J, Rass B, Fiegl H, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Obexer P, Ausserlechner MJ. FOXO3-mediated chemo-protection in high-stage neuroblastoma depends on wild-type TP53 and SESN3. Oncogene 2017; 36:6190-6203. [PMID: 28869600 PMCID: PMC5671944 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O class transcription factors are homeostasis regulators that control cell death, longevity and therapy-resistance. In neuroblastoma (NB), nuclear FOXO3 correlates with stage M disease and poor prognosis. To analyze whether FOXO3 contributes to drug-resistance in this childhood cancer, we investigated how different high-stage-derived NB cells respond to the activation of an ectopic FOXO3 allele. We found endogenous FOXO3 mostly localized to the nucleus—upon activation of an ectopic, 4OHT-activated FOXO3(A3)ER fusion protein two of the cell lines underwent apoptosis, whereas in the others FOXO3-activation even increased survival during drug-treatment. In the latter cell type, FOXO3 did not induce the BH3-only protein BCL2L11/BIM due to impaired binding of FOXO3 to the BIM-promoter, but still activated other FOXO3 targets. It was shown before that FOXO3 and TP53 physically interact with each other at two different regions—the TP53-N-terminus binds to the FOXO3-DNA binding domain (DBD) and the FOXO3-C-terminus interacts with the TP53-DBD. Interestingly, cell lines that undergo FOXO3-induced cell death carry homozygous point mutations in the TP53-DBD near the structural hotspot-mutation-site R175H, which abrogated FOXO3–TP53 interaction. In contrast, in FOXO3-death-resistant cells no point mutations in the TP53-DBD were found—in these cells FOXO3–TP53 complexes are formed and FOXO3-binding to the BIM-promoter, but not the induction of the detoxifying protein SESN3, were prevented, which in turn increased chemo-protection in this type of high-stage-derived NB cells. Our combined data suggest that FOXO3 steps in as a death inducer in case of TP53-mutation, whereas functional TP53 alters FOXO3-target-promoter-recognition, which prevents death induction by FOXO3 and instead increases chemo-protection and survival of NB cells. This novel mechanism may explain the low incidence of TP53 mutation in high-stage NB at diagnosis and suggests FOXO3 as a therapeutic target for this childhood malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rupp
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Rass
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - P Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Ausserlechner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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