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Soytürk M, Bengi G, Oğuz D, Kalkan İH, Yalnız M, Tahtacı M, Demir K, Kasap E, Oruç N, Ünal NG, Sezgin O, Özdoğan O, Altıntaş E, Yaraş S, Parlak E, Köksal AŞ, Saruç M, Ünal H, Ünsal B, Günay S, Duman D, Yurçi A, Kacar S, Filik L. Turkish Gastroenterology Association, Pancreas Study Group, Chronic Pancreatitis Committee Consensus Report. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:S1-S41. [PMID: 33210608 PMCID: PMC7752168 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.220920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Müjde Soytürk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Göksel Bengi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Oğuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - İsmail Hakkı Kalkan
- Department of Gastroenterology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yalnız
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tahtacı
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Demir
- Department of Gastroenterology, İstanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elmas Kasap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Nevin Oruç
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nalan Gülşen Ünal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sezgin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Osman Özdoğan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Engin Altıntaş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yaraş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erkan Parlak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydın Şeref Köksal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Murat Saruç
- Department of Gastroenterology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ünal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Belkıs Ünsal
- Health Sciences University, Katip Çelebi Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Günay
- Health Sciences University, Katip Çelebi Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Duman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Yurçi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sabite Kacar
- Health Sciences University, Ankara State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Filik
- Health Sciences University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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52
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Chen X, Wang DD, Li ZP. Time course and dose effect of metformin on weight in patients with different disease states. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1169-1177. [PMID: 32940086 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1822164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was to quantitate and compare the efficacy of metformin on weight in different disease states using model-based meta-analysis (MBMA). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of metformin effects on weight in different disease states were collected by searching the public databases. The change rate of weight from baseline was selected as the efficacy indicator. RESULTS A total 21 RCTs containing 1885 patients including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity, were included into the present study. After deducting placebo effect, the maximal effect (Emax) of metformin on weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity were -6.86%, -8.82%, and -4.14%, respectively. The treatment duration to reach half of the maximal effect (ET50) were 107, 45.5, and 15.1 weeks, respectively. Within the metformin dose range from 21 RCTs, no significant dose-response relationship was observed. However, the time-course relationship is obvious for efficacy of metformin on weight. CONCLUSIONS The present study firstly provided quantitative information for metformin effects on weight in different disease states, including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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53
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Li Z, Li X, He X, Jia X, Zhang X, Lu B, Zhao J, Lu J, Chen L, Dong Z, Liu K, Dong Z. Proteomics Reveal the Inhibitory Mechanism of Levodopa Against Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568459. [PMID: 33101026 PMCID: PMC7546765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High recurrence rates and poor survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after treatment make ongoing research on chemoprevention drugs for ESCC particularly important. In this study, we screened a large number of FDA-approved drugs and found levodopa, a drug used to treat Parkinson's disease, had an inhibitory effect on the growth of ESCC cells. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, we applied quantitative proteomics to investigate the anti-tumor activity of levodopa on ESCC. The results suggest that levodopa could down-regulate oxidative phosphorylation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and Parkinson's disease pathways. Major mitochondrial respiratory compounds were involved in the pathways, including succinate dehydrogenase subunit D, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase Fe-S protein 4, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3. Down-regulation of these proteins was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blotting and immunofluorescence results confirmed the proteomics findings. Cell viability assays indicated mitochondrial activity was suppressed after levodopa treatment. Reduced mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using JC-1 staining and TMRE assays. Transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the morphology of mitochondria. Taken together, these results indicate that levodopa inhibited the growth of ESCC through restraining mitochondria function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lexia Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
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Nandi T, Pradyuth S, Singh AK, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Therapeutic agents for targeting desmoplasia: current status and emerging trends. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30365-2. [PMID: 32947044 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Desmoplasia is a major barrier to chemotherapy in several cancers, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Tumors comprise of cellular and noncellular components and chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) with established signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss drugs, such as pentoxifylline, aspirin, and metformin, that have been repurposed and investigated for their antidesmoplastic activity in combination with antitumor drugs. We also highlight less explored new small-molecule drugs, and gene and peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of desmoplasia and to target CSCs. Promising results from preclinical studies have encouraged several clinical trials to evaluate these antidesmoplastic agents as adjunct to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sai Pradyuth
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Arihant Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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Chen Y, Wang L, Luo S, Hu J, Huang X, Li PW, Zhang Y, Wu C, Tian BL. Enhancement of Antitumor Efficacy of Paclitaxel-Loaded PEGylated Liposomes by N,N-Dimethyl Tertiary Amino Moiety in Pancreatic Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:2945-2957. [PMID: 32801636 PMCID: PMC7398872 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s261017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer, or pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remains one of the most lethal cancers and features insidious onset, highly aggressive behavior and early distant metastasis. The dense fibrotic stroma surrounding tumor cells is thought to be a shield to resist the permeation of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of PDAC. Thus, we synthesized a pancreas-targeting paclitaxel-loaded PEGylated liposome and investigated its antitumor efficacy in the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models of PDAC. Methods The PTX-loaded PEGylated liposomes were prepared by film dispersion-ultrasonic method and modified by an N,N-dimethyl tertiary amino residue. Morphology characteristics of the PTX-loaded liposomes were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The PDOX models of PDAC were established by orthotopic implantation and imaged by a micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging system. The in vivo distribution and antitumor study were then carried out to observe the pancreas-targeting accumulation and the antitumor efficacy of the proposed PTX liposomes. Results PTX loaded well into both modified (PTX-Lip2N) and unmodified (PTX-Lip) PEGylated liposomes with spherical shapes and suitable parameters for the endocytosis process. The PDOX nude mouse models were successfully created in which high 18F-FDG intaking regions were observed by micro-PET/CT. In addition to higher cellular uptakes of PTX-Lip2N by the BxPC-3 cells, the proposed nanoparticle had a notable penetrating ability towards PDAC tumor tissues, and consequently, the antitumor ability of PTX-Lip2N was significantly superior to the unmodified PTX-Lip in vivo PDOX models and even more effective than nab-PTX in restraining tumor growth. Conclusion The modified pancreas-targeting PTX-loaded PEGylated liposomes provide a promising platform for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- Laboratory of Basic Scientific Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Le Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Qin T, Cheng L, Xiao Y, Qian W, Li J, Wu Z, Wang Z, Xu Q, Duan W, Wong L, Wu E, Ma Q, Ma J. NAF-1 Inhibition by Resveratrol Suppresses Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties and the Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1038. [PMID: 32766132 PMCID: PMC7378530 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound with multiple biological effects, e.g., proliferation inhibition, anti-oxidation, and neuroprotection. Besides that, studies have shown that resveratrol inhibits tumor growth and migration, as well as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, its molecular mechanisms in tumor progression are not fully understood. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1 (NAF-1) is mainly found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane. It is an important genetic locus for regulating oxidative stress and autophagy. The molecular mechanism of NAF-1 in pancreatic cancer is currently unclear. The current study found that NAF-1 is expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue and correlated with the progression of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we found that NAF-1 inhibition significantly inhibits the stem cell characteristics and the invasion and migration abilities of pancreatic cancer cells. In a subcutaneous xenograft model of pancreatic cancer in nude mice, resveratrol inhibited the expression of NAF-1, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Taken together, resveratrol could be an effective anti-tumor drug, and NAF-1 may be a rational therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lucas Wong
- Department of Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX, United States.,LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Yoo D, Kim N, Hwang DW, Song KB, Lee JH, Lee W, Kwon J, Park Y, Hong S, Lee JW, Hwang K, Shin D, Tak E, Kim SC. Association between Metformin Use and Clinical Outcomes Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061953. [PMID: 32580502 PMCID: PMC7356590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrospective studies on the association between metformin and clinical outcomes have mainly been performed on patients with non-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may have been affected by time-related bias. To avoid this bias, recent studies have used time-varying analysis; however, they have only considered the start date of metformin use and not the stop date. We studied 283 patients with type 2 diabetes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following pancreaticoduodenectomy, and performed analysis using a Cox model with time-varying covariates, while considering both start and stop dates of metformin use. When start and stop dates were not considered, the metformin group showed significantly better survival. Compared with previous studies, adjusted analysis based on Cox models with time-varying covariates only considering the start date of postoperative metformin use showed no significant differences in survival. However, although adjusted analysis considering both start and stop dates showed no significant difference in recurrence-free survival, the overall survival was significantly better in the metformin group (Hazard ratio (HR), 0.747; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.562–0.993; p = 0.045). Time-varying analysis incorporating both start and stop dates thus revealed that metformin use is associated with a higher overall survival following pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daegwang Yoo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Ki Byung Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Woohyung Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Jaewoo Kwon
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Yejong Park
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Sarang Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Kyungyeon Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Dakyum Shin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.Y.); (D.W.H.); (K.B.S.); (J.H.L.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Y.P.); (S.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Eunyoung Tak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (S.C.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4634 (E.T.); +82-2-3010-3936 (S.C.K.)
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (S.C.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4634 (E.T.); +82-2-3010-3936 (S.C.K.)
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Liu S, Yue C, Chen H, Chen Y, Li G. Metformin Promotes Beclin1-Dependent Autophagy to Inhibit the Progression of Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4445-4455. [PMID: 32547075 PMCID: PMC7245468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is the first-line blood sugar control drug for type 2 diabetes, but recent epidemiological studies have shown that it inhibits the growth of a variety of tumours. However, few studies have examined metformin effects on gastric cancer (GC), and the anticancer mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Materials and Methods We examined the inhibitory effect of metformin on GC cells by cell proliferation, migration and invasion assay. Transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and Western blotting confirmed that metformin enhanced beclin1-dependent autophagy in gastric cancer cells. TCGA database and tissue chip analysis confirmed the differential expression of beclin1 in GC and adjacent tissues. Relevant functional tests verified the role of beclin1 as a tumour suppressor gene in GC. Western blotting, cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were used to verify that metformin enhances autophagy in GC cells through the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway. Xenograft tumour models were constructed to explore the inhibitory effect of metformin and the role of beclin1 as a suppressor on GC in vivo. Results In this study, we observed that metformin inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Metformin could also promote beclin1-dependent autophagy in GC cells. We further discovered that beclin1 expression was downregulated in GC and that its low expression was associated with poor prognosis. Beclin1 acts as a tumour suppressor that inhibits the malignant phenotypes of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we verified that metformin can upregulate beclin1-mediated autophagy to inhibit GC cells through the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway. Conclusion In summary, the results revealed the role of autophagy in metformin inhibition of gastric cancer and suggest that beclin1 may be a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanqiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
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Qian W, Xiao Q, Wang L, Qin T, Xiao Y, Li J, Yue Y, Zhou C, Duan W, Ma Q, Ma J. Resveratrol slows the tumourigenesis of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting NFκB activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110116. [PMID: 32428833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumour with an extremely poor prognosis due to its insidious initiation and a lack of therapeutic strategies. Resveratrol suppresses pancreatic cancer progression and attenuates pancreatitis by modulating multiple targets, including nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling pathways. However, the effect of resveratrol on pancreatic cancer initiation and its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we utilised the LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) spontaneous pancreatic precancerous lesion mouse model to explore the anti-tumourigenesis mechanisms of resveratrol in vivo. In vitro acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) formation assays were performed by pancreatic acinar cell 3-dimensional (3D) culture. Histopathological analysis was used to examine the pathological morphology of pancreatic tissues. Resveratrol prevented the progression of pancreatic precancerous lesions and inhibited the activation of NFκB signalling pathway-related molecules in KC mouse pancreatic tissues. In addition, resveratrol reduced the severity of cerulein-induced pancreatitis and the formation of ADM/PanINs in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to its effect on NFκB inactivation. Furthermore, pancreatic acinar 3D culture demonstrated that activation of the NFκB signalling pathway promoted the formation of ADM/PanINs in vitro, and this initiating effect of NFκB was blocked by resveratrol. Resveratrol slowed the tumourigenesis of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qigui Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Chung KM, Singh J, Lawres L, Dorans KJ, Garcia C, Burkhardt DB, Robbins R, Bhutkar A, Cardone R, Zhao X, Babic A, Vayrynen SA, Dias Costa A, Nowak JA, Chang DT, Dunne RF, Hezel AF, Koong AC, Wilhelm JJ, Bellin MD, Nylander V, Gloyn AL, McCarthy MI, Kibbey RG, Krishnaswamy S, Wolpin BM, Jacks T, Fuchs CS, Muzumdar MD. Endocrine-Exocrine Signaling Drives Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2020; 181:832-847.e18. [PMID: 32304665 PMCID: PMC7266008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet how and when obesity contributes to PDAC progression is not well understood. Leveraging an autochthonous mouse model, we demonstrate a causal and reversible role for obesity in early PDAC progression, showing that obesity markedly enhances tumorigenesis, while genetic or dietary induction of weight loss intercepts cancer development. Molecular analyses of human and murine samples define microenvironmental consequences of obesity that foster tumorigenesis rather than new driver gene mutations, including significant pancreatic islet cell adaptation in obesity-associated tumors. Specifically, we identify aberrant beta cell expression of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (Cck) in response to obesity and show that islet Cck promotes oncogenic Kras-driven pancreatic ductal tumorigenesis. Our studies argue that PDAC progression is driven by local obesity-associated changes in the tumor microenvironment and implicate endocrine-exocrine signaling beyond insulin in PDAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaffarguriqbal Singh
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Lauren Lawres
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | | | - Cathy Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Daniel B Burkhardt
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rebecca Robbins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca Cardone
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara A Vayrynen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard F Dunne
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua J Wilhelm
- Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Vibe Nylander
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mandar Deepak Muzumdar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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61
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Nabavizadeh A, Payen T, Iuga AC, Sagalovskiy IR, Desrouilleres D, Saharkhiz N, Palermo CF, Sastra SA, Oberstein PE, Rosario V, Kluger MD, Schrope BA, Chabot JA, Olive KP, Konofagou EE. Noninvasive Young's modulus visualization of fibrosis progression and delineation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors using Harmonic Motion Elastography (HME) in vivo. Theranostics 2020; 10:4614-4626. [PMID: 32292518 PMCID: PMC7150482 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Poor specificity and predictive values of current cross-sectional radiological imaging methods in evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) limit the clinical capability to accurately stage the tumor pre-operatively and provide optimal surgical treatment and improve patient outcomes. Methods: In this study, we applied Harmonic Motion Elastography (HME), a quantitative ultrasound-based imaging method to calculate Young's modulus (YM) in PDAC mouse models (n = 30) and human pancreatic resection specimens of PDAC (n=32). We compared the YM to the collagen assessment by Picrosirius red (PSR) stain on corresponding histologic sections. Results: HME is capable of differentiating between different levels of fibrosis in transgenic mice. In mice without pancreatic fibrosis, the measured YM was 4.2 ± 1.3 kPa, in fibrotic murine pancreata, YM was 5.5 ± 2.0 kPa and in murine PDAC tumors, YM was 11.3 ± 1.7 kPa. The corresponding PSR values were 2.0 ± 0.8 %, 9.8 ± 3.4 %, and 13.2 ± 1.2%, respectively. In addition, three regions within each human surgical PDAC specimen were assessed: tumor, which had both the highest Young's modulus (YM > 40 kPa) and collagen density (PSR > 40 %); non-neoplastic adjacent pancreas, which had the lowest Young's modulus (YM < 15 kPa) and collagen density (PSR < 10%) and a transitional peri-lesional region between the tumor and non-neoplastic pancreas with an intermediate value of measured Young's modulus (15 kPa < YM < 40 kPa) and collagen density (15% < PSR < 35 %). Conclusion: In conclusion, a non-invasive, quantitative imaging tool for detecting, staging and delineating PDAC tumor margins based on the change in collagen density was developed.
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62
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Yue Y, Qian W, Li J, Wu S, Zhang M, Wu Z, Ma Q, Wang Z. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer cells and sensitizes the chemosensitivity of EGFR inhibitors via repressing STAT3 signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 471:135-146. [PMID: 31811906 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, and chemotherapy is still an important treatment. It is urgent to develop new medicines because of the limitation and side effects of chemotherapy. 2'-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a citrus-bioflavonoid that is considered to have anti-cancer efficacy. Compared to human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells hTERT-HPNE, more significant growth-inhibitory effects were seen in PDAC cells BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2. We showed that apoptosis was induced and that the cell cycle was arrested when cells were treated with 2HF. The expression of the molecular proteins cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase3, Bax, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and p27 changed correspondingly. Also, we observed anti-metastatic effects and changes in MMP9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin when cells were treated with a low dose of 2HF. Suppression of STAT3 and EGFR phosphorylation was also identified as a result of treatment with a combination of 2HF and EGFR inhibitors. The in vivo antitumor effects in KPC mice were consistent with those observed in vitro. 2HF has impactful anti-cancer efficacy and sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to EGFR inhibitors through the inhibition of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
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63
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Ma X, Cui Z, Du Z, Lin H. Transforming growth factor-β signaling, a potential mechanism associated with diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5882-5892. [PMID: 32017070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant digestive disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that pancreatic cancer is closely related to diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer, which is linked with poor outcomes. Pancreatic cancer is complicated with abnormal blood sugar and insulin resistance and promotes the development of diabetes mellitus. Understanding the molecular mechanisms linking diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer is essential for the treatment of diabetes cancer patients. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is deregulated in cancer and has a dual role in different stages of cancer as a suppressor or a promoter. More important, The TGF-β signaling pathway is also another important reason for diabetic complications. This review summarizes the relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer, in particular, focusing on the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway. It is possible to find drugs like metformin that can prevent and treat pancreatic cancer by targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Ma
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhide Du
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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64
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Wang Q, Li M, Gan Y, Jiang S, Qiao J, Zhang W, Fan Y, Shen Y, Song Y, Meng Z, Yao M, Gu J, Zhang Z, Tu H. Mitochondrial Protein UQCRC1 is Oncogenic and a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:2141-2157. [PMID: 32089737 PMCID: PMC7019160 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant disease with a poor prognosis. One prominent aspect of PDAC that contributes to its aggressive behavior is its altered cellular metabolism. The aim of this study was to characterize the oncogenic effects of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I (UQCRC1), a key component of mitochondrial complex III, in PDAC development and to assess its potential as a therapeutic target for PDAC. Experimental Design: The expression of UQCRC1 in human PDAC tissues and p48-Cre/p53Flox/WT/LSL-KrasG12D (KPC) mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) was determined by immunohistochemistry. The role of UQCRC1 in promoting PDAC growth was evaluated in vitro in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells and in vivo in transplanted mouse models of PDAC. Extracellular flux and RNA-Seq analyses were applied to investigate the mechanism of UQCRC1 in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and PDAC cell growth. The therapeutic potential of UQCRC1 in PDAC was assessed by knockdown of UQCRC1 using an RNA interference approach. Results: UQCRC1 expression showed a gradual increase during the progression from PanIN stages to PDAC in KPC mice. Elevated expression of UQCRC1 was observed in 72.3% of PDAC cases and was correlated with poor prognosis of the disease. UQCRC1 promoted PDAC cell growth in both in vitro experiments and in vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models. UQCRC1 overexpression resulted in increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP production. The overproduced ATP was released into the extracellular space via the pannexin 1 channel and then functioned as an autocrine or paracrine agent to promote cell proliferation through the ATP/P2Y2-RTK/AKT axis. UQCRC1 knockdown or ATP release blockage could effectively inhibit PDAC growth. Conclusion: UQCRC1 has a protumor function and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Ma YS, Wang XF, Zhang YJ, Luo P, Long HD, Li L, Yang HQ, Xie RT, Jia CY, Lu GX, Chang ZY, Zhang JJ, Xue SB, Lv ZW, Yu F, Xia Q, Fu D. Inhibition of USP14 Deubiquitinating Activity as a Potential Therapy for Tumors with p53 Deficiency. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:147-157. [PMID: 32055678 PMCID: PMC7005481 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional elimination of p53 is a common feature of a large percentage of human malignancies. Here, we report the development of a pharmacological strategy aimed at restoring p53 function and its use for targeted therapy in p53-deficient mice. Specific inhibition of deubiquitinases ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) resulted in durable tumor regressions of autochthonous lymphomas and sarcomas in p53-deficient mice without affecting normal tissues, and therapeutic response was correlated with an increase in the ubiquitination of constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome subunit 5 (COPS5), a key negative regulatory effector for p53. Inhibition of USP14 resulted in durable tumor regression through COPS5 deubiquitilation and a p53-dependent and -independent regulation mechanism by USP14. This series highlights the utility of proteasome deubiquitinating activity inhibition as a novel treatment paradigm for p53-deficient cancers. In addition, it provides preliminary evidence that inhibition of USP14 resulted in durable tumor regression through COPS5 deubiquitilation and p53-dependent and -independent regulation mechanism by USP14. These findings suggest that the deubiquitinating activity of the 19S regulatory particle is a new anticancer drug target for patients with p53 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Deng Long
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liu Li
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Qiong Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ru-Ting Xie
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gai-Xia Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Chang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shao-Bo Xue
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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Xiao Y, Qin T, Sun L, Qian W, Li J, Duan W, Lei J, Wang Z, Ma J, Li X, Ma Q, Xu Q. Resveratrol Ameliorates the Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer by Inhibiting Hypoxia-induced Pancreatic Stellate Cell Activation. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720929987. [PMID: 32463297 PMCID: PMC7563930 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720929987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, which is primarily caused by massive fibrosis with pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as a main component. Our previous studies have shown that resveratrol can significantly inhibit pancreatic cancer. However, whether resveratrol can inhibit hypoxia-induced cancer development remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore whether PSCs and hypoxia synergistically mediate aggressiveness in pancreatic cancer and detect the potential pleiotropic protective effects of resveratrol on hypoxia-induced pancreatic cancer progression. Human PSCs were treated with vehicle or resveratrol under normoxic or hypoxic conditions (3% O2), and PSC activation was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. SiRNA was used to silence hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression. The invasive capacity of Panc-1 and Mia Paca-2 cells cocultured with conditioned medium from PSCs was assessed by Transwell assays. To examine tumor formation kinetics, KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+, Trp53fl/+, and Pdx1-Cre) mice were sacrificed at different time points. To investigate the antitumor effects of resveratrol in vivo, 8-wk-old KPC mice were divided into two groups and treated daily with or without 50 mg/kg resveratrol. Our data indicate that hypoxia induces PSC activation via HIF-1 and that the interleukin 6, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and stromal cell-derived factor 1 derived from activated PSCs promote both invasion and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibit apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. However, resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced PSC activation, blocks the interplay between PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells, and suppresses the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer and stromal desmoplasia in a KPC mouse model. Our data highlight that activated PSCs and intratumoral hypoxia are essential targets for novel strategies to prevent tumor-microenvironment interactions. Furthermore, the polyphenolic compound resveratrol effectively ameliorates the malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Hu L, Zeng Z, Xia Q, Liu Z, Feng X, Chen J, Huang M, Chen L, Fang Z, Liu Q, Zeng H, Zhou X, Liu J. Metformin attenuates hepatoma cell proliferation by decreasing glycolytic flux through the HIF-1α/PFKFB3/PFK1 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 239:116966. [PMID: 31626790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Enhanced aerobic glycolysis is an essential hallmark of malignant cancer. Blocking the glycolytic pathway has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to impair the proliferation of tumor cells. Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetes drug, exhibits anti-tumor properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its action linking glucose metabolism with the suppression of proliferation has not been fully clarified. MAIN METHODS Stable isotope tracing technology and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method were utilized to analyze the effect of metformin on glycolytic flux in HCC cells. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were utilized to analyze the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in HCC cells or xenograft tumor tissues. Lactate measurement and glucose uptake assay were used to analyze the level of lactate and glucose in the presence of frucose-2,6-diphosphate (F2,6BP) in HCC cells treated with metformin. KEY FINDINGS We found that metformin significantly impaired hepatoma cell proliferation by inhibiting the glycolytic flux via PFK1 blockade. Interestingly, activation of PFK1 by F2,6BP reverses the inhibitory effect of metformin on hepatoma cell proliferation and glycolysis. Mechanistically, PFKFB3,a potent allosteric activator of PFK1, was markedly suppressed through inhibiting hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1α) accumulation mediated by metformin. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together these data indicate that HIF-1α/PFKFB3/PFK1 regulatory axis is a vital determinant of glucose metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma, which gives new insights into the action of metformin in combatting liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Hu
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Zicheng Zeng
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Oncology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Mengqiu Huang
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liangcai Chen
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xinke Zhou
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Jifang Liu
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
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Chen H, Lin C, Lu C, Wang Y, Han R, Li L, Hao S, He Y. Metformin‐sensitized NSCLC cells to osimertinib via AMPK‐dependent autophagy inhibition. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2019; 13:781-790. [PMID: 31562701 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease Daping Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
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69
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Zhou B, Wu D, Liu H, Du LT, Wang YS, Xu JW, Qiu FB, Hu SY, Zhan HX. Obesity and pancreatic cancer: An update of epidemiological evidence and molecular mechanisms. Pancreatology 2019; 19:941-950. [PMID: 31447281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in therapy and achievements in translational research, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains an invariably fatal malignancy. Risk factors that affect the incidence of PC include diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, and diet. The growing worldwide obesity epidemic is associated with an increased risk of the most common cancers, including PC. Chronic inflammation, hormonal effects, circulating adipokines, and adipocyte-mediated inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment are involved in the association of obesity with PC. Herein, we systematically review the epidemiology of PC and the biological mechanisms that may account for this association. Included in this review is a discussion of adipokine-mediated inflammation, lipid metabolism, and the interactions of adipocytes with cancer cells. We consider the influence of bariatric surgery on the risk of PC risk as well as potential molecular targets of therapy. Our review leads us to conclude that targeting adipose tissue to achieve weight loss may represent a new therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Lu-Tao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250033, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Fa-Bo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China; Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Abstract
Background The anticancer activity of metformin has been confirmed against several cancer types in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms of metformin in the treatment of cancer are not fully understood. This systematic review aims to discuss the possible anticancer mechanism of action of metformin. Method A search through different databases was conducted, including Medline and EMBASE. Results A total of 96 articles were identified of which 56 were removed for duplication and 24 were excluded after reviewing the title and abstract. A total of 12 research articles were included that describe different antiproliferative mechanisms that may contribute to the antineoplastic effects of metformin. Conclusion This analysis discussed the potential anticancer activity of metformin and highlighted the importance of AMPK as a potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Aljofan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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Mouse-Derived Allografts: A Complementary Model to the KPC Mice on Researching Pancreatic Cancer In Vivo. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:498-506. [PMID: 31011408 PMCID: PMC6462783 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant cancers and has an extremely undesirable prognosis because little is known about the initiation and progression mechanisms of pancreatic cancer. The lack of an appropriate research model may have hindered this process. Using LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice and the tumor tissue fragment transplantation technique, we constructed the mouse-derived subcutaneous/orthotopic allograft tumor models (MDAs-ST/OT). H&E staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining were adopted to describe the histopathology and biomarkers of the MDAs and the recruitment of immune cells. The intervention of gemcitabine was applied to measure the chemotherapeutic response of MDAs tumors. MDAs could mimic the pathological histology and the high proliferation characteristics of PDAC. Indeed, the fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchyme transition (EMT) and invasion/metastasis related markers of MDAs were similar to those observed in pancreatic cancer. Further, the recruitment of immune cells in PDAC was precisely simulated by MDAs. In addition, gemcitabine suppressed the tumor growth of MDAs-ST significantly. MDAs are an effective model for investigating the progression and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Key Words
- ADM, Acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM)
- CAFs, Cancer-associated fibroblasts
- EMT, Epithelial-mesenchyme transition
- GEMMs, Genetically engineered mouse models
- Gemcitabine
- KC, LSL-KrasG12D/+, Pdx1-Cre
- KPC, LSL-KrasG12D/+, Trp53fl/+, Pdx1-Cre
- MDAs, Mouse-derived allografts
- MDAs-OT, Mouse-derived orthotopic allograft tumor models
- MDAs-ST, Mouse-derived subcutaneous allograft tumor models
- MDSCs, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- Mouse-derived allografts
- PDAC, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PDXs, Patient-derived xenografts
- PanINs, Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- Tregs, T regulatory cells
- Tumor tissue fragment
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Deschênes-Simard X, Parisotto M, Rowell MC, Le Calvé B, Igelmann S, Moineau-Vallée K, Saint-Germain E, Kalegari P, Bourdeau V, Kottakis F, Bardeesy N, Ferbeyre G. Circumventing senescence is associated with stem cell properties and metformin sensitivity. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12889. [PMID: 30614183 PMCID: PMC6413657 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers arise in old individuals, which also accumulate senescent cells. Cellular senescence can be experimentally induced by expression of oncogenes or telomere shortening during serial passage in culture. In vivo, precursor lesions of several cancer types accumulate senescent cells, which are thought to represent a barrier to malignant progression and a response to the aberrant activation of growth signaling pathways by oncogenes (oncogene toxicity). Here, we sought to define gene expression changes associated with cells that bypass senescence induced by oncogenic RAS. In the context of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), oncogenic KRAS induces benign pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), which exhibit features of oncogene‐induced senescence. We found that the bypass of senescence in PanINs leads to malignant PDAC cells characterized by gene signatures of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, stem cells, and mitochondria. Stem cell properties were similarly acquired in PanIN cells treated with LPS, and in primary fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells that bypassed Ras‐induced senescence after reduction of ERK signaling. Intriguingly, maintenance of cells that circumvented senescence and acquired stem cell properties was blocked by metformin, an inhibitor of complex I of the electron transport chain or depletion of STAT3, a protein required for mitochondrial functions and stemness. Thus, our studies link bypass of senescence in premalignant lesions to loss of differentiation, acquisition of stemness features, and increased reliance on mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Deschênes-Simard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Maxime Parisotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Marie-Camille Rowell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Benjamin Le Calvé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Cellular Biology Research Unit (URBC)-NARILIS; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Sebastian Igelmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Karine Moineau-Vallée
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Saint-Germain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Paloma Kalegari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Filippos Kottakis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and CR-CHUM; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
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Hu S, Pan L, Shangguan J, Figini M, Eresen A, Sun C, Wang B, Ma Q, Hu C, Yaghmai V, Velichko Y, Yang J, Zhang Z. Non-invasive dynamic monitoring initiation and growth of pancreatic tumor in the LSL-Kras G12D/+;LSL-Trp53 R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) transgenic mouse model. J Immunol Methods 2019; 465:1-6. [PMID: 30468734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse is one of the most widely used transgenic models to evaluate tumor characteristics and to develop novel therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). There is no report of the effective systemic evaluation of longitudinal KPC tumor imitation and growth. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer in KPC mice using longitudinal multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches and overall survival. Ten KPC mice were used to develop spontaneous PDAC and monitored by MRI. Tumor growth was evaluated using weekly acquired MRI data. The relationship between diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) imaging biomarkers (apparent diffusion coefficient - ADC) and tumor fibrosis measurement by pathological methods was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Six KPC mice developed spontaneously pancreatic tumors at the age of 20.0 ± 2.9 weeks with a relatively short life span (6.8 ± 1.8 weeks). The tumors could be detected by MRI with a minimum diameter of 3.88 ± 1.18 mm (range, 2.18-5.20 mm), showing a rapid growth curve according to both the longest diameter (1.63 ± 0.52 mm/week) and tumor volume (148.77 ± 80.87 mm3)/week. Pathological results confirmed that the tumors display histopathological features of human pancreatic cancer. A strong correlation between ADC values and fibrosis measurements was observed (R = -0.825, P = .043). Our results show that the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumor in KPC mice can be evaluated by longitudinally non-invasive dynamic MRI approaches. The findings will be the fundamental KPC background data for developing novel therapeutic approaches, in particular for evaluation of response to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
| | - Junjie Shangguan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matteo Figini
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aydin Eresen
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Orthopedic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuri Velichko
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Safe S, Nair V, Karki K. Metformin-induced anticancer activities: recent insights. Biol Chem 2018; 399:321-335. [PMID: 29272251 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug, and there is evidence among diabetic patients that metformin is a chemopreventive agent against multiple cancers. There is also evidence in human studies that metformin is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials that use metformin alone or in combination with other drugs are ongoing. In vivo and in vitro cancer cell culture studies demonstrate that metformin induces both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent genes/pathways that result in inhibition of cancer cell growth and migration and induction of apoptosis. The effects of metformin in cancer cells resemble the patterns observed after treatment with drugs that downregulate specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3 and Sp4 or by knockdown of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 by RNA interference. Studies in pancreatic cancer cells clearly demonstrate that metformin decreases expression of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4 and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes, demonstrating that one of the underlying mechanisms of action of metformin as an anticancer agent involves targeting of Sp transcription factors. These observations are consistent with metformin-mediated effects on genes/pathways in many other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Vijayalekshmi Nair
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Keshav Karki
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
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Zhou C, Qian W, Ma J, Cheng L, Jiang Z, Yan B, Li J, Duan W, Sun L, Cao J, Wang F, Wu E, Wu Z, Ma Q, Li X. Resveratrol enhances the chemotherapeutic response and reverses the stemness induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells via targeting SREBP1. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12514. [PMID: 30341797 PMCID: PMC6430460 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gemcitabine is a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer patients but can cause chemoresistance during treatment. The chemoresistant cells have features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Resveratrol has been reported to overcome the resistance induced by gemcitabine. However, the mechanism by which resveratrol enhances chemosensitivity remains elusive. Here, we explored the mechanism by which resveratrol enhanced chemosensitivity and the role of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in gemcitabine-induced stemness. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pancreatic cancer cell lines MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 were treated under different conditions. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate effects on proliferation. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect apoptosis. Oil red O staining was performed to examine lipid synthesis. The sphere formation assay was applied to investigate the stemness of cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumour tissue obtained from treated KPC mice. RESULTS Resveratrol enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine and inhibited lipid synthesis via SREBP1. Knockdown of SREBP1 limited the sphere formation ability and suppressed the expression of CSC markers. Furthermore, suppression of SREBP1 induced by resveratrol reversed the gemcitabine-induced stemness. These results were validated in a KPC mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that resveratrol reverses the stemness induced by gemcitabine by targeting SREBP1 both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, resveratrol can be an effective chemotherapy sensitizer, and SREBP1 may be a rational therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fengfei Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryNeuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White HealthTempleTexas,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White HealthTempleTexas,Department of SurgeryTexas A & M University Health Science Center, College of MedicineTempleTexas,Department of NeurologyBaylor Scott & White HealthTempleTexas
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryNeuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White HealthTempleTexas,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White HealthTempleTexas,Department of SurgeryTexas A & M University Health Science Center, College of MedicineTempleTexas,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesTexas A & M University College of PharmacyCollege StationTexas
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Abstract
While cancer cell proliferation depends on access to extracellular nutrients, inadequate tumour perfusion means that glucose, amino acids and lipids are often in short supply. To overcome this obstacle to growth, cancer cells utilize multiple scavenging strategies, obtaining macromolecules from the microenvironment and breaking them down in the lysosome to produce substrates for ATP generation and anabolism. Recent studies have revealed four scavenging pathways that support cancer cell proliferation in low-nutrient environments: scavenging of extracellular matrix proteins via integrins, receptor-mediated albumin uptake and catabolism, macropinocytic consumption of multiple components of the tumour microenvironment and the engulfment and degradation of entire live cells via entosis. New evidence suggests that blocking these pathways alone or in combination could provide substantial benefits to patients with incurable solid tumours. Both US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and several agents in preclinical or clinical development shut down individual or multiple scavenging pathways. These therapies may increase the extent and durability of tumour growth inhibition and/or prevent the development of resistance when used in combination with existing treatments. This Review summarizes the evidence suggesting that scavenging pathways drive tumour growth, highlights recent advances that define the oncogenic signal transduction pathways that regulate scavenging and considers the benefits and detriments of therapeutic strategies targeting scavenging that are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Finicle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vaishali Jayashankar
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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77
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Yu Y, Cheng L, Yan B, Zhou C, Qian W, Xiao Y, Qin T, Cao J, Han L, Ma Q, Ma J. Overexpression of Gremlin 1 by sonic hedgehog signaling promotes pancreatic cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2445-2457. [PMID: 30272371 PMCID: PMC6203161 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is an important promotor of desmoplasia, a critical feature in pancreatic cancer stromal reactions involving the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Gremlin 1 is widely overexpressed in cancer-associated stromal cells, including activated PSCs. In embryonic development, SHH is a potent regulator of Gremlin 1 through an interaction network. This subtle mechanism in the cancer microenvironment remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the association between Gremlin 1 and SHH, and the effect of Gremlin 1 in pancreatic cancer. The expression of Gremlin 1 in different specimens was measured using immunohistochemistry. The correlations among clinico-pathological features and levels of Gremlin 1 were evaluated. Primary human PSCs and pancreatic cancer cell lines were exposed to SHH, cyclopamine, GLI family zinc finger-1 (Gli-1) small interfering RNA (siRNA), and Gremlin 1 siRNA to examine their associations and effects using an MTT assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis, and migration or invasion assays. The results revealed the overexpression of Gremlin 1 in pancreatic cancer tissues, mainly in the stroma. The levels of Gremlin 1 were significantly correlated with survival rate and pT status. In addition, following activation of the PSCs, the expression levels of Gremlin 1 increased substantially. SHH acts as a potent promoter of the expression of Gremlin 1, and cyclopamine and Gli-1 siRNA modulated this effect. In a screen of pancreatic cancer cell lines, AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells expressed high levels of Gremlin 1, but only AsPC-1 cells exhibited a high expression level of SHH. The results of the indirect co-culture experiment suggested that paracrine SHH from the AsPC-1 cells induced the expression of Gremlin 1 in the PSCs. Furthermore, Gremlin 1 siRNA negatively regulated the proliferation and migration of PSCs, and the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Based on the data from the present study, it was concluded that an abnormal expression level of Gremlin 1 in pancreatic cancer was induced by SHH signaling, and that the overexpression of Gremlin 1 enabled pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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78
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The relationship between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is complex. We reviewed the recent medical literature regarding the effect of anti-diabetic medication on PDAC risk and survival, risk of PDAC in DM, and role of DM in early detection of PDAC. RECENT FINDINGS Studies report that while some anti-diabetic medications (e.g., metformin) may decrease the risk of PDAC, others (insulin, sulfonylureas and incretin-based therapies) may increase the risk. However, these observations may be subject to protopathic biases. Metformin's anti-tumor activity may have influence overall survival of PDAC, but epidemiological reports have largely been inconsistent to defend these findings due to heterogeneous methodologies. There is congruent data to support the association between DM and PDAC, with an inverse relationship to DM duration. Older subjects with new-onset DM are the only known high-risk group for PDAC, and strategy using this group for early detection has led to development of clinical risk prediction models that define a very high-risk PDAC group. Role of anti-diabetic medication in PDAC risk modification or survival is controversial. With successful efforts to distinguish type 2-DM from PDAC-DM using risk-stratifying models, there is an opportunity to initiate screening protocols for early detection of PDAC in a sub-set of DM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Suresh T Chari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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79
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Abstract
Metformin is a lipophilic biguanide which inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves peripheral utilization of glucose. It is the first line pharmacotherapy for glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes due to its safety, efficacy and tolerability. Metformin exhibits pleotropic effects, which may have beneficial effects on a variety of tissues independent of glucose control. A potential anti-tumourigenic effect of metformin may be mediated by its role in activating AMP-kinase, which in turn inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Non-AMPK dependent protective pathways may include reduction of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, inflammatory pathways and potentiation of adiponectin, all of which may have a role in tumourigenesis. A role in inhibiting cancer stem cells is also postulated. A number of large scale observational and cohort studies suggest metformin is associated with a reduced risk of a number of cancers, although the data is not conclusive. Recent randomised studies reporting use of metformin in treatment of cancer have revealed mixed results, and the results of much larger randomised trials of metformin as an adjuvant therapy in breast and colorectal cancers are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Mallik
- (a)International Training Fellow in Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tahseen A Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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80
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Yan B, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Chen K, Zhou C, Sun L, Qian W, Li J, Cao J, Xu Q, Ma Q, Lei J. Paracrine HGF/c-MET enhances the stem cell-like potential and glycolysis of pancreatic cancer cells via activation of YAP/HIF-1α. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:63-71. [PMID: 30056064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a pivotal component of the tumor microenvironment, contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. PSC-derived factors are essential for triggering the generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the mechanisms by which paracrine signals regulate CSC-like properties such as glycolytic metabolism have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that two pancreatic cancer cell lines, Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2, reacted differently when treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted from PSCs. MiaPaCa-2 cells showed little response with regard to CSC-like properties after HGF treatment. We have shown that in Panc-1 cells by activating its cognate receptor c-MET, paracrine HGF resulted in YAP nuclear translocation and HIF-1α stabilization, thereby promoting the expression of CSC pluripotency markers NANOG, OCT-4 and SOX-2 and tumor sphere formation ability. Furthermore, HGF/c-MET/YAP/HIF-1α signaling enhanced the expression of Hexokinase 2 (HK2) and promoted glycolytic metabolism, which may facilitate CSC-like properties. Collectively, our study demonstrated that HGF/c-MET modulates tumor metabostemness by regulating YAP/HIF-1α and may hold promise as a potential therapeutic target against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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81
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Qian W, Li J, Chen K, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Zhou C, Yan B, Cao J, Ma Q, Duan W. Metformin suppresses tumor angiogenesis and enhances the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine in a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Life Sci 2018; 208:253-261. [PMID: 30053447 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant diseases and has few effective and reliable therapeutic strategies. The anti-tumor effect of metformin is widely known, however, there is only limited evidence regarding the anti-angiogenesis effect and chemosensitization of metformin and its underlying mechanisms in PDAC. MAIN METHODS In the present study, we adopted a spontaneous PDAC mouse model named LSL‑KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+; Pdx1‑Cre (KPC) mice to explore the mechanism of the modulation of tumor angiogenesis and chemosensitization of metformin by treating KPC mice with metformin, gemcitabine or a combination of the two. H&E staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining were adopted to describe the histopathology and biomarkers of the KPC in different groups. KEY FINDINGS Metformin plus gemcitabine reduced tumorigenic potential of PDAC. Specifically, metformin showed an anti-pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) effect via decreasing the expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and then sparked some downstream effects, for example, inhibiting the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor microenvironment, reducing the formation of tumor neovascularization, attenuating the desmoplastic reaction and enhancing the antitumor effect of gemcitabine. SIGNIFICANCE We concluded that metformin suppressed tumor angiogenesis and enhanced the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine via inactivating PSCs in PDAC of KPC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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82
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Yes-associated protein (YAP) in pancreatic cancer: at the epicenter of a targetable signaling network associated with patient survival. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:11. [PMID: 29682330 PMCID: PMC5908807 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-017-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally a fatal disease with no efficacious treatment modalities. Elucidation of signaling mechanisms that will lead to the identification of novel targets for therapy and chemoprevention is urgently needed. Here, we review the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing Transcriptional co-Activator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in the development of PDAC. These oncogenic proteins are at the center of a signaling network that involves multiple upstream signals and downstream YAP-regulated genes. We also discuss the clinical significance of the YAP signaling network in PDAC using a recently published interactive open-access database (www.proteinatlas.org/pathology) that allows genome-wide exploration of the impact of individual proteins on survival outcomes. Multiple YAP/TEAD-regulated genes, including AJUBA, ANLN, AREG, ARHGAP29, AURKA, BUB1, CCND1, CDK6, CXCL5, EDN2, DKK1, FOSL1,FOXM1, HBEGF, IGFBP2, JAG1, NOTCH2, RHAMM, RRM2, SERP1, and ZWILCH, are associated with unfavorable survival of PDAC patients. Similarly, components of AP-1 that synergize with YAP (FOSL1), growth factors (TGFα, EPEG, and HBEGF), a specific integrin (ITGA2), heptahelical receptors (P2Y2R, GPR87) and an inhibitor of the Hippo pathway (MUC1), all of which stimulate YAP activity, are associated with unfavorable survival of PDAC patients. By contrast, YAP inhibitory pathways (STRAD/LKB-1/AMPK, PKA/LATS, and TSC/mTORC1) indicate a favorable prognosis. These associations emphasize that the YAP signaling network correlates with poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. We conclude that the YAP pathway is a major determinant of clinical aggressiveness in PDAC patients and a target for therapeutic and preventive strategies in this disease. Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling contributes to pancreatic cancer progression and is associated with poor patient survival. Previous studies have shown that YAP activates genes involved in cell proliferation to incite tumor growth and metastasis. Enrique Rozengurt and colleagues at University of California Los Angeles review the latest knowledge on YAP signaling and used the open access database The Human Protein Atlas to analyze the gene expression profile and prognosis of 176 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Activation of upstream or downstream elements of the YAP signaling pathway correlated with shorter survival in patients. Conversely, the activation of signaling pathways that oppose YAP signaling were associated with a more favorable prognosis. These findings highlight YAP signaling pathway components as both prognostic markers and potential targets for developing much needed therapeutic and preventative strategies.
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83
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Metformin Decreases the Incidence of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Promoted by Diet-induced Obesity in the Conditional KrasG12D Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5899. [PMID: 29651002 PMCID: PMC5897574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly deadly disease. Chronic conditions, including obesity and type-2 diabetes are risk factors, thus making PDAC amenable to preventive strategies. We aimed to characterize the chemo-preventive effects of metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, on PDAC development using the KrasG12D mouse model subjected to a diet high in fats and calories (HFCD). LSL-KrasG12D/+;p48-Cre (KC) mice were given control diet (CD), HFCD, or HFCD with 5 mg/ml metformin in drinking water for 3 or 9 months. After 3 months, metformin prevented HFCD-induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis, depletion of intact acini, formation of advanced PanIN lesions, and stimulation of ERK and mTORC1 in pancreas. In addition to reversing hepatic and pancreatic histopathology, metformin normalized HFCD-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia among the 9-month cohort. Importantly, the HFCD-increased PDAC incidence was completely abrogated by metformin (p < 0.01). The obesogenic diet also induced a marked increase in the expression of TAZ in pancreas, an effect abrogated by metformin. In conclusion, administration of metformin improved the metabolic profile and eliminated the promoting effects of diet-induced obesity on PDAC formation in KC mice. Given the established safety profile of metformin, our findings have a strong translational potential for novel chemo-preventive strategies for PDAC.
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84
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Kikuchi Y, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi D, Kasahara K, Tanaka K. Impact of associating liver partition and portal vein occlusion for staged hepatectomy on tumor growth in a mouse model of liver metastasis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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85
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Krug S, Michl P. [Metabolic disorders as paraneoplastic syndromes]. Internist (Berl) 2017; 59:114-124. [PMID: 29181551 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-017-0357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes are characterized by the tumor-induced release of peptide hormones and/or the initiation of immune phenomena, which elicit clinical changes and alterations in laboratory parameters independent of the tumor size and spread. In addition to neurological, endocrinal and rheumatological phenotypes, metabolic alterations play a special role in the clinical routine as they commonly present with acute symptoms in an emergency situation and necessitate immediate diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment. Metabolic alterations within the framework of malignant diseases should be treated in a multidisciplinary team and it is often necessary to perform monitoring and treatment in an intensive care unit. This article focuses on the diagnostic and therapeutic options for metabolic disorders due to paraneoplastic syndromes, such as hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and a special variant of tumor-induced metabolic disorders due to tumor lysis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krug
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06114, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - P Michl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06114, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
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