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Lee JK, Lin L, Magee C. Investigating the relationships between social capital, chronic health conditions and health status among Australian adults: findings from an Australian national cohort survey. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:329. [PMID: 32171286 PMCID: PMC7071669 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social capital is a collective attribute of communities that determines health and well-being of populations. The collective resources in a high social capital community have been reported to result in better health outcomes. While evidence supports the links between social capital and various health outcomes, it is not clear about underlying mechanisms connecting multiple dimensions of social capital to health. METHODS Using the two-wave data from a nationally representative cohort study of Australian adults (N = 16,637), this study examined the effects of two dimensions of social capital (i.e., structural and cognitive social capital) on physical and mental health in the Australian adult population. Based on prior literature and theoretical reasoning, it was anticipated that the structural and cognitive social capital would influence self-assessed health status (physical and mental health). Additionally, these two dimensions of social capital were hypothesized to moderate the relationships between chronic health conditions and these two aspects of health status. RESULTS Analyses showed that the effects of chronic health conditions on mental health status were moderated by the structural social capital (β = .652, SE = .249, p = .009). Additionally, it was found that perceived community cohesion was predictive of mental health (β = .295, SE = .103, p = .004). Our analysis also indicated that perceptions of disadvantaged neighbourhood environment contributed to poorer mental health status (β = -.461, SE = .144, p = .001). However, none of the social capital variables significantly predicted physical health status. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the structural dimension of social capital would function as a buffer against the malicious effects of chronic health conditions, impairments and disabilities. Specifically, community participation (structural social capital) is indispensable to develop an effective community-based program to improve health and well-being of those with chronic health conditions or disabilities, as increasing active participation may generate beneficial effects in this vulnerable population. Subjective perceptions about communities can also play an important role in improving better health outcomes. Further research is needed to examine underlying mechanisms linking the multiple dimensions of social capital to health outcomes among individuals who are vulnerable to external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyu Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lavinia Lin
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Magee
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Dai H, Mei Z, An A, Lu Y, Wu J. Associations of sleep problems with health-risk behaviors and psychological well-being among Canadian adults. Sleep Health 2020; 6:657-661. [PMID: 32147359 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the associations of sleep problems with health-risk behaviors and psychological well-being in a representative sample of Canadian adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING The 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, conducted by Statistics Canada). PARTICIPANTS Of all individuals taking part in the 2011-2012 CCHS, 42,600 participants aged ≥18 years from five provinces/territories (Nova Scotia, Quebec, Manitoba, Alberta, and Yukon) who participated in the sleep survey module were selected for this study. MEASUREMENTS Health conditions were self-reported. Sleep problems referred to extreme sleep durations (either <5 or ≥10 hours) and insomnia symptom. Health-risk behaviors included physical inactivity, daily smoking, highly sedentary behavior, and insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption. Worse psychological well-being included having worse self-rated general health, worse self-rated mental health, and worse sense of belonging, and being dissatisfied with life. RESULTS The participants represented 10,614,600 Canadian adults aged ≥18 years from the five abovementioned provinces/territories. A significantly higher prevalence of all health-risk behaviors and worse psychological well-being was found among participants with extreme sleep durations (than those with 7 to <8 hours) and insomnia symptom (than those without insomnia symptom). After multivariate adjustment, extreme sleep durations and insomnia symptom were still independently associated with increased odds of all health-risk behaviors and worse psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS Both extreme sleep durations and insomnia symptom were independently associated with health-risk behaviors and worse psychological well-being among Canadian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Dai
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Mei
- Manifold Data Mining, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aijun An
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yao Lu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Carlesso LC, Skou ST, Tang LH, Simonÿ C, Brooks D. La multimorbidité : l’abandon du modèle de réadaptation axé sur une seule maladie. Physiother Can 2020; 72:4-6. [DOI: 10.3138/ptc-72-1-gef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Carlesso
- École des sciences de la réadaptation, université McMaster
- Institut de recherche du St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton (Ontario)
- École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montréal (Québec)
| | - Søren T. Skou
- unité de recherche de la fonction musculosquelettique et de la physiothérapie, département des sciences sportives et de la biomécanique clinique
- département de physiothérapie et d’ergothérapie
| | - Lars H. Tang
- département de physiothérapie et d’ergothérapie
- centre national de réadaptation et de soins palliatifs, université du Danemark du Sud et hôpital universitaire d’Odense, Nyborg, Danemark
| | - Charlotte Simonÿ
- Institut de santé régional, université du Danemark du Sud, Odense
- département de physiothérapie et d’ergothérapie
- département de recherche, hôpitaux Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted, Région Zélande, Slagelse, Danemark
| | - Dina Brooks
- École des sciences de la réadaptation, université McMaster
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Wen X, Cui L, Yuan F, Liu X, Ouyang M, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Zheng H, Lu Y, Yuan Z. Study on the Utilization of Inpatient Services for Middle-Aged and Elderly Rural Females in Less Developed Regions of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E514. [PMID: 31947534 PMCID: PMC7013953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the utilization of inpatient services and its contributing factors among middle-aged and elderly females (MAEF) in less developed rural regions. Five surveys were conducted between 2006 and 2014 with rural residents of Jiangxi by stratified cluster random sampling. Participant females included only those who were aged 45 and above. Complex sampling logistics analysis was performed to analyze the effect of three factors on inpatient service. Complex sampling logistics regression analysis revealed that the probability of hospitalization for the divorced or widowed females was significantly lower than that of married ones (aOR = 0.177, p < 0.05). However, the probability of early discharge was significantly higher among divorced or widowed females than married ones (aOR = 3.237, p < 0.05). In addition, females with chronic diseases were more likely to be hospitalized (aOR = 3.682, p < 0.05). Also, early discharge (aOR = 7.689, p < 0.05) occurred among the participants who should be hospitalized but were not hospitalized occurred (aOR = 3.258, p < 0.05). The continuous improvement of the new rural cooperative medical policy has promoted the utilization of inpatient services for the MAEF. Findings from this study emphasize the need to strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wen
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lanyue Cui
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Fang Yuan
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (F.Y.); (M.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Mufeng Ouyang
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (F.Y.); (M.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (F.Y.); (M.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (F.Y.); (M.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huiqiang Yu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huilie Zheng
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanan Lu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (F.Y.); (M.O.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhaokang Yuan
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Kandola A, Stubbs B, Koyanagi A. Physical multimorbidity and sedentary behavior in older adults: Findings from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). Maturitas 2020; 134:1-7. [PMID: 32143770 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical multimorbidity, defined as the presence of two or more chronic physical conditions, is widespread and reduces life expectancy and quality of life in older adults. Sedentary behavior (SB) is increasingly identified as a risk factor for a range of chronic physical conditions, independent of physical activity. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between physical multimorbidity and SB in older adults. STUDY DESIGN We used cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 6903 adults aged ≥50 years who participated in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) in 2009-2011. We conducted multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to assess associations between multimorbidity and SB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported minutes/day of SB and high SB (≥ 8 h/day). RESULTS We found that most of the 14 individual chronic physical conditions included here were associated with greater SB. Those with stroke (OR = 2.63, 95 % CI = 1.69, 4.10) and cirrhosis (OR = 2.53, 95 %CI = 1.19, 5.41) were the most likely to be classified with high SB. Time spent in SB and the prevalence of high SB increased linearly with number of chronic conditions. Multivariable regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and psychological factors, disability, social network, and physical activity showed that, compared with people with none, those with ≥4 chronic physical conditions had 1.45 times greater odds (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI = 1.09, 1.93) of high SB and higher mean minutes/day of SB (β = 21.37, 95 % CI = 5.53, 37.20). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that physical multimorbidity is associated with SB and highlight the need for prospective research to examine the directionality and mechanisms of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - B Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Oliveira DVD, Moreira CR, Freire GLM, Melo RSD, Franco MF, Nascimento Júnior JRAD. Does multimorbitdity interfere with the fundtionality of the physically active elderly? FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.033.ao52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Multimorbidity is currently considered as a relevant clinical condition due to its severity and the high prevalence among the elderly. Objective: Assessing whether multimorbidity is an intervening factor in the functionality of the physically active elderly. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 70 older people of both sexes who practice exercises at the Fitness zones (FZ) in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná. A sociodemographic questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS 2.0) were used as instruments. Data analysis was performed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation, in addition to the Path Analysis (p <0.05). Results: the elderly who have more than two diseases showed worse functionality than the ones with none or from 1 to 2 diseases (p <0.05). The number of diseases showed a significant association (p <0.05) with a reduction in functional domain scores, which explains from 15% to 31% of the variable’s variability. Specifically, the number of diseases was positively associated with the strong effect on the domains referred to as self-care (β = 0.56) and cognition (β = 0.55), besides a moderate effect on interpersonal relationships (β = 0.39) and social participation domains (β = 0.39). Conclusion: it was concluded that multimorbidity can be considered as an intervening factor in the functionality of elderly people who practice physical activity.
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Carlesso LC, Skou ST, Tang LH, Simonÿ C, Brooks D. Multimorbidity: Making the Case for an End to Disease-Specific Rehabilitation. Physiother Can 2020; 72:1-3. [PMID: 34385742 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-72-1-gee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Carlesso
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University.,Research Institute of St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont.,School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que
| | - Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy
| | - Lars H Tang
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy.,National Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Simonÿ
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy.,Institute of Regional Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Department of Research, Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse
| | - Dina Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University
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Vancampfort D, Lara E, Smith L, Rosenbaum S, Firth J, Stubbs B, Hallgren M, Koyanagi A. Physical activity and loneliness among adults aged 50 years or older in six low- and middle-income countries. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1855-1864. [PMID: 31435958 PMCID: PMC6854283 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loneliness is widespread and associated with deleterious outcomes in middle-aged and older age people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Physical activity is one potential psychosocial strategy with the potential to reduce loneliness in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity (PA) and loneliness in middle-aged and older people from six LMICs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. Self-reported data on loneliness and PA (as assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) were collected. Participants were dichotomized into those who do and do not meet the international recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week. Associations between loneliness and PA were examined using logistic regressions. RESULTS Among 34 129 individuals aged 50 years or older, the prevalence of loneliness was higher among those not meeting the PA guidelines in all countries, although this difference was not significant in Mexico and South Africa. After full adjustment, not meeting PA guidelines was positively associated with loneliness in the meta-analysis based on country-wise estimates, with a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity being observed (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.61; I2 = 48.7%). At an individual country level, statistical significance was only reached in Ghana (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.44-2.49). DISCUSSION Our data suggest that physical inactivity and loneliness commonly co-occur in adults aged 50 years or older in LMICs overall but that this association differs by country. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and investigate potential mechanisms that may inform future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Elvira Lara
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Rawlings GH, Williams RK, Clarke DJ, English C, Fitzsimons C, Holloway I, Lawton R, Mead G, Patel A, Forster A. Exploring adults' experiences of sedentary behaviour and participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1099. [PMID: 31409324 PMCID: PMC6692932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent of task while in a sitting or reclining posture. Prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour have been associated with negative health outcomes in all age groups. We examined qualitative research investigating perceptions and experiences of sedentary behaviour and of participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour in adult populations. METHOD A systematic search of seven databases (MEDLINE, AMED, Cochrane, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science) was conducted in September 2017. Studies were assessed for methodological quality and a thematic synthesis was conducted. Prospero database ID: CRD42017083436. RESULTS Thirty individual studies capturing the experiences of 918 individuals were included. Eleven studies examined experiences and/or perceptions of sedentary behaviour in older adults (typically ≥60 years); ten studies focused on sedentary behaviour in people experiencing a clinical condition, four explored influences on sedentary behaviour in adults living in socio-economically disadvantaged communities, two examined university students' experiences of sedentary behaviour, two on those of working-age adults, and one focused on cultural influences on sedentary behaviour. Three analytical themes were identified: 1) the impact of different life stages on sedentary behaviour 2) lifestyle factors influencing sedentary behaviour and 3) barriers and facilitators to changing sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behaviour is multifaceted and influenced by a complex interaction between individual, environmental and socio-cultural factors. Micro and macro pressures are experienced at different life stages and in the context of illness; these shape individuals' beliefs and behaviour related to sedentariness. Knowledge of sedentary behaviour and the associated health consequences appears limited in adult populations, therefore there is a need for provision of accessible information about ways in which sedentary behaviour reduction can be integrated in people's daily lives. Interventions targeting a reduction in sedentary behaviour need to consider the multiple influences on sedentariness when designing and implementing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rawlings
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R K Williams
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - D J Clarke
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - C English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Holloway
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Lawton
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - A Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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Are respiratory disorders risk factors for troublesome low-back pain? A study of a general population cohort in Sweden. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:2502-2509. [PMID: 31325050 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A multi-morbidity perspective of troublesome low back pain (LBP) has been highlighted for example in relation to respiratory disorders. Our purpose was to investigate whether respiratory disorders are risk factors for reporting troublesome LBP in people with no or occasional LBP at baseline. METHODS This prospective cohort study was based on the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2006/2010. We included adults reporting no or occasional LBP the last 6 months at baseline (n = 17,177). Exposures were self-reported asthma and/or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Outcome was troublesome LBP defined as reporting LBP a couple of days per week or more often that restricted work capacity or hindered daily activities to some or to a high degree, the last 6 months. Binomial regression models were used to calculate risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Adjusted results indicate that those suffering from asthma had a risk of troublesome LBP at follow-up (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.92-1.81) as do those suffering from COPD (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.13-3.56). If suffering from asthma and concurrent COPD the RR was 3.55 (95% CI 1.58-7.98). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that suffering from asthma and/or COPD increases the risk of developing troublesome LBP, which highlights the importance to consider the overall health of people at risk of troublesome LBP and to take the multi-morbidity perspective into consideration. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Denford S, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Barker AR, Williams CA. Enhancing intrinsic motivation for physical activity among adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a qualitative study of the views of healthcare professionals. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028996. [PMID: 31201192 PMCID: PMC6575634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the views of healthcare professionals from cystic fibrosis (CF) multidisciplinary teams (MDT) on physical activity for adolescents with CF, the specific strategies used for physical activity promotion and associated challenges. DESIGN In this exploratory study, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 healthcare professionals from CF MDTs to explore their views surrounding physical activity promotion for adolescents with CF. PARTICIPANTS Eleven physiotherapists (nine female), two consultants (both male) and two dieticians (both female) provided written informed consent and participated in the study. SETTING CF clinics in the UK. RESULTS While healthcare professionals highlighted the importance of physical activity in the management of CF, they noted that very few patients were motivated solely by (CF or general) health reasons. Healthcare professionals discussed the need for physical activity to be an enjoyable and routine part of their life, undertaken with significant others, outside the clinic whenever possible. Adopted approaches for physical activity promotion focused on providing individualised recommendations that suit the patients' individual needs and goals and enhance intrinsic motivation for physical activity. CONCLUSION Our research offers valuable information for those seeking to develop interventions to promote physical activity among adolescents with CF. Specifically, intervention developers should focus on developing individualised interventions that focus on enhancing intrinsic motivation and support the integration of physical activity into everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Denford
- Children's Health & Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health & Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Anthony Williams
- Children's Health & Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Canadians with Chronic Disease(s): Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050113. [PMID: 31100779 PMCID: PMC6571578 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (SB) are major determinants of quality of life in adults with one or more chronic disease(s). The aim of this study is to compare objectively measured physical activity and SB in a representative sample of Canadian adults with and without chronic disease(s). The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) (2007-2013) was used in this study. Daily time spent in physical activities and sedentary behaviors were assessed by an accelerometer in Canadians aged 35-79 years. Data are characterized as daily mean time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), steps accumulated per day and SB. Chronic diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer) were assessed via self-report diagnostic or laboratory data. Weighted multivariable analyses of covariance comparing physical activity and SB variables among adults without and with chronic disease(s) were conducted; 6270 participants were included. Analyses indicated that 23.9%, 4.9% and 0.5% had one, two, and three or more chronic diseases. Adults with two and more chronic diseases had significantly lower daily duration of MVPA and LPA, daily step counts, and higher daily duration of SB compared to adults without chronic diseases. Interventions targeting physical activity improvement and SB reduction might be beneficial for Canadian multimorbid adults.
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Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Firth J, Koyanagi A. Handgrip strength, chronic physical conditions and physical multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults in six low- and middle income countries. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 61:96-102. [PMID: 30509483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Handgrip strength provides a clinically validated marker of overall health and mortality risk. There are however, no multi-national population-based studies investigating the associations between handgrip strength, chronic physical conditions, and physical multimorbidity (i.e., ≥2 chronic conditions). We aimed to assess these associations among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults using nationally representative data from six in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Eleven chronic physical conditions (angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic back pain, chronic lung disease, diabetes, edentulism, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke, visual impairment) were assessed. Weak handgrip strength was defined as <30 kg for men and <20 kg for women. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS The final sample included 34,129 individuals (62.4 ± 16.0 years; 52.1% female). After adjustment for potential confounders, when compared to those with no chronic physical conditions, having 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 physical chronic conditions was associated with 1.22 (95%CI = 1.08-1.37), 1.29 (95%CI = 1.11-1.50), 1.41 (95%CI = 1.18-1.68), and 1.78 (95%CI = 1.46-2.18) times higher odds for weak handgrip strength. Similar associations were observed in the analyses stratified by age and sex. There was a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity in the association between weak handgrip strength and physical multimorbidity (Higgin's I2 = 67.8%) with the pooled estimate being 1.26 (95%CI = 1.06-1.50). CONCLUSION Weaker handgrip strength is associated with a range of chronic physical conditions and multimorbidity. Future research should seek to establish the predictive value of this inexpensive measure for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hills, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Effectiveness of Combined General Rehabilitation Gymnastics and Muscle Energy Techniques in Older Women with Chronic Low Back Pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2060987. [PMID: 30809533 PMCID: PMC6364121 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of general rehabilitation gymnastics on subjective and objective characteristics of locomotor system in older women with chronic LBP. To satisfy this goal, the outcomes in exercising women were compared with the results of nonexercising controls. Material and Methods The study group included 21 women with chronic LBP (age 65-75 years), participating in a 3-year general rehabilitation program combining strength, stretching, endurance, balance, and stabilization exercises with Muscle Energy Techniques (MET). Control group included 20 women with chronic LBP, who neither undertook the gymnastics nor participated in other forms of physical activity. The list of outcome measures included pain severity (Numeric Rating Scale), limitations in the activities of daily living (Oswestry Disability Index and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), mobility of all spinal segments (tensometric electrogoniometry), and bioelectrical activity of back muscles (kinesiologic electromyography). Results Exercising women presented with lesser severity of current pain (by 62%, p<0.001) and pain experienced during the last three months (by 32.5%, p<0.001), reported less ailments during the last three months, and had fewer limitations in the activities of daily living (a 30% decrease in Oswestry Disability Index, p<0.05, and a 65% decrease in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores, p<0.001) than the controls. Moreover, they showed significantly higher values of nearly all spondylometric parameters except for cervical lateral flexion. The study groups did not differ in the amplitudes of bioelectrical signal from the back muscles. Conclusions These findings may point to beneficial effects of the combined exercise program.
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Vancampfort D, Smith L, Stubbs B, Swinnen N, Firth J, Schuch FB, Koyanagi A. Associations between active travel and physical multi-morbidity in six low- and middle-income countries among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203277. [PMID: 30161211 PMCID: PMC6117036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence on the potential health benefits of active travel in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to assess the association between levels of active travel and physical multi-morbidity (i.e., two or more chronic physical conditions) and individual physical conditions among community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older in six LMICs. METHODS Data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa). Active travel (minutes / week) was assessed with questions of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and presented in tertiles. Eleven chronic conditions (angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic back pain, chronic lung disease, diabetes, edentulism, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke, visual impairment) were assessed by self-report of diagnosis, symptoms, or blood pressure measurement. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between levels of active travel, physical conditions and physical multi-morbidity. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 14,585 individuals aged ≥65 years (mean age = 72.6±0.1 years; 54.9% female). In the fully adjusted model, compared to the highest tertile, those in the lowest tertile of active travel had a 1.28 (95%CI = 1.06-1.54) times higher odds for physical multi-morbidity. The association between active travel and physical multi-morbidity was significantly mediated by affect (14.4%) and cognition (9.7%). With regard to individual conditions, hearing problems, hypertension, stroke, and visual impairment were particularly strongly associated with less active travel. CONCLUSION The current data suggest that lower levels of active travel are associated with the presence of physical health conditions and physical multi-morbidity. This multi-national study offers potentially valuable insight for a number of hypotheses which may influence this relationship, although testing with longitudinal studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Swinnen
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Unit, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe B. Schuch
- Universidade La Salle (Unilasalle), Canoas, Brazil
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Physical Activity and Sitting Time Are Specifically Associated With Multiple Chronic Diseases and Medicine Intake in Brazilian Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:608-613. [PMID: 29345543 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to clarify the independent association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with multiple chronic diseases and medicine intake in older individuals. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were measured by questionnaires. Diseases and medication use were self-reported. Poisson's regression was adopted for main analysis, through crude and adjusted prevalence ratio and confidence interval of 95%. For men, sedentary time >4 hr/day presented a 76% higher prevalence of ≥2 chronic diseases, while physical inactivity increases the likelihood of using ≥2 medicines in 95%. For women, sedentary behavior >4 hr/day presented an 82% and 43% greater prevalence for ≥2 chronic diseases and the intake of ≥2 medicines, respectively. Sedentary behavior represents an independent associated factor of multiple chronic diseases in older men and women. In addition, inactivity for men and sedentarism for women are associated with the amount of medicine intake.
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Liang Y, Xu X, Yin M, Li Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Ni J. A more comprehensive investigation of disability and associated factors among older adults receiving home-based care in rural Dongguan, China. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:158. [PMID: 29976138 PMCID: PMC6034336 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No previous study has evaluated disability in older persons according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework guidelines. We conducted a more comprehensive investigation of disability and associated factors among older adults receiving home-based care in rural Dongguan, a city in the central Guangdong Province of Southern China. Methods A total of 819 individuals aged ≥60 years were recruited from Dongguan home-based care system of via a two-stage selection process. We interviewed participants and assessed their ability level using the Ability Assessment for Older Adults, which defined by a combination of activity of daily living, sensory perception, mental status and social involvement. Conditional probability and Logistic regression approaches were used to assess the strength of association between each pair of conditions. Factors significantly associated with disability were identified via χ2 tests and multinomial ordinal logistic regression. Results Of the 819 included participants (mean age 87 ±4.7 years), 75.5% were female, 76.7% had any disability, and 62.3% had a mild disability. The occurrence of any deficits significantly increased the likelihood of the co-occurrence of other deficits (odds ratio [OR] > 1, P < 0.05), with the lowest prevalence odds ratio observed among individuals with sensory and communication deficiency (OR: 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21–4.05). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that physical activity (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), sedentary behavior (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.13–1.38), not watching television (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.07–2.72) and age (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02–1.17) were significantly associated with disability. Conclusions Impairment of ADL, sensory perception, mental status or social involvement increased the likelihood of risk of the co-occurrence of other deficits. Comprehensive disability among older adults receiving home-based care is associated with age, sedentariness, physical activity and TV viewing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0852-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaojia Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mingjuan Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Da Lang Community Health Service Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lingfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jindong Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Lara E, Vandenbulcke M, Swinnen N, Smith L, Firth J, Herring MP, Hallgren M, Koyanagi A. Mild cognitive impairment and sedentary behavior: A multinational study. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Firth J, Hagemann N, Myin-Germeys I, Rintala A, Probst M, Veronese N, Koyanagi A. Sedentary behaviour and sleep problems among 42,489 community-dwelling adults in six low- and middle-income countries. J Sleep Res 2018; 27:e12714. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven; KU Leuven; Kortenberg Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education; Anglia Ruskin University; Chelmsford UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM; School of Science and Health; University of Western Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Noemi Hagemann
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences; Center for Contextual Psychiatry; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences; Center for Contextual Psychiatry; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Aki Rintala
- Department of Neurosciences; Center for Contextual Psychiatry; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Michel Probst
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council; Aging Branch; Neuroscience Institute; Padova Italy
- Geriatrics Unit; Department of Geriatric Care; OrthoGeriatrics and Rehabilitation; E.O. Galliera Hospital; National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital; Genova Italy
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; CIBERSAM; Madrid Spain
- Research and Development Unit; Universitat de Barcelona; Fundació Sant Joan de Déu; Barcelona Spain
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