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Huang T, Yang L, Wang G, Ding G, Peng B, Wen Y, Wang Z. Inhibition of Skp2 sensitizes lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:439-446. [PMID: 28176922 PMCID: PMC5261849 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s125789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and plays an important role in the control of cell cycle progression. Skp2 is upregulated in several cancers, including lung cancers, but the role of Skp2 in the tumorigenesis and anticancer drug resistance in human lung cancer remains to be determined. We report here that Skp2 positively regulated mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) expression and that inhibition of Skp2 sensitizes human lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. Knockdown of Skp2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased Mad2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells, accompanied with upregulation of p27 but decrease of the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb). In contrast, ectopic overexpression of Skp2 increased Mad2 mRNA and protein levels and phosphorylation of Rb, while it decreased p27. Pharmacological inhibition of CDK1/2 by flavopiridol or E2F1 with HLM006474 led to downregulation of Mad2 expression and prevented the increase of Mad2 expression by Skp2. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Skp2 sensitized A549 and NCI-H1299 cells to paclitaxel. Our results demonstrated that SKP2 positively regulates the gene expression of MAD2 through p27-CDKs-E2F1 signaling pathway and that inhibition of Skp2 sensitizes A549 and NCI-H1299 cells to paclitaxel, suggesting that small molecule inhibitors of Skp2 are potential agents for the treatment of lung cancer with upregulation of Skp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghai Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangsuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanggui Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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52
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Drizou M, Kotteas EA, Syrigos N. Treating patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer: mechanisms of resistance and strategies to overcome it. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:658-666. [PMID: 28054318 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is detected in 3-7% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Crizotinib is an ALK inhibitor, which was approved in 2011 for the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancer. Despite the initial enthusiasm, most of the patients develop resistance within the first year of treatment. The main mechanisms are secondary mutations and bypass track activation. Moreover, crizotinib has low penetration into the central nervous system. The need to overcome these limitations has led to the development of second-generation inhibitors that have better effectiveness against crizotinib-resistant mutations and brain metastases. Ceritinib and alectinib are the only approved drugs of this group. Many ongoing trials try to define the most appropriate agent for the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancer depending on the responsible mechanism. This review focuses on the current data regarding the potential mechanisms of resistance to ALK inhibitors and the strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drizou
- St. Savvas Regional Hospital for Cancer Treatment, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522, Athens, Greece
| | - E A Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, Athens School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, 152 Mesogion Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - N Syrigos
- Oncology Unit, Athens School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, 152 Mesogion Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
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53
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Patel JN, Villadolid J. Cancer Drug Delivery. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cancer drug delivery have led to the development of personalized oncology care through molecularly-driven targeted therapies. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms which drive tumor progression and resistance is critical in managing new treatment strategies which have shifted from empiric to biomarker-directed therapy selection. Biomarker-directed therapies have improved clinical outcomes in multiple malignancies as monotherapy and in combination with other treatment modalities, however the changing scope of treatment options presents new opportunities and challenges for research. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics may provide a rationale method of personalizing anticancer drug dosing and supportive care management for oncology patients. This chapter reviews biomarker classifications and pharmacogenetics in anticancer therapy and supportive care. Examples of biomarker-directed therapies and clinical assays, in addition to future directions of molecular profiling in oncology therapy management are discussed.
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54
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Wang S, Song Y, Yan F, Liu D. Mechanisms of resistance to third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Front Med 2016; 10:383-388. [PMID: 27770386 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dholaria B, Hammond W, Shreders A, Lou Y. Emerging therapeutic agents for lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:138. [PMID: 27938382 PMCID: PMC5148871 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics and immunotherapeutics have propelled the rapid development of novel treatment agents across all cancer subtypes, including lung cancer. Additionally, more pharmaceutical therapies for lung cancer have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the last 5 years than in previous two decades. These drugs have ushered in a new era of lung cancer managements that have promising efficacy and safety and also provide treatment opportunities to patients who otherwise would have no conventional chemotherapy available. In this review, we summarize recent advances in lung cancer therapeutics with a specific focus on first in-human or early-phase I/II clinical trials. These drugs either offer better alternatives to drugs in their class or are a completely new class of drugs with novel mechanisms of action. We have divided our discussion into targeted agents, immunotherapies, and antibody drug conjugates for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We briefly review the emerging agents and ongoing clinical studies. We have attempted to provide the most current review on emerging therapeutic agents on horizon for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - William Hammond
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Amanda Shreders
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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56
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Lam BQ, Dai L, Qin Z. The role of HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:135. [PMID: 27923392 PMCID: PMC5141645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in tumorigenesis and represented a promising therapeutic target for developing anticancer agents. In contrast to other solid tumors, there are limited data describing the functional role of HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in lymphoma. In the current review, we summarize recent findings about the expression, cellular mechanisms/functions, and therapeutic application of HGF/c-MET in different types of lymphoma, especially B cell lymphoma, T and NK cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. We also discuss the existing problems and future directions about studying the HGF/c-MET pathway in lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Quoc Lam
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Suite 902, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lu Dai
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Suite 902, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Oncology, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Suite 902, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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57
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Wang S, Song Y, Liu D. EAI045: The fourth-generation EGFR inhibitor overcoming T790M and C797S resistance. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:51-54. [PMID: 27840244 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), AZD9291 (osimertinib) and CO-1686 (rociletinib) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are highly active against T790M positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance develops rapidly. EGFR C797S mutation was reported to be a leading mechanism of resistance to the third-generation inhibitors. The C797S mutation appears to be an ideal target for overcoming the acquired resistance to the third-generation inhibitors. This review summarizes the latest development on the discovery of a fourth-generation EGFR TKI, EAI045.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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58
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Ho WL, Hsu WM, Huang MC, Kadomatsu K, Nakagawara A. Protein glycosylation in cancers and its potential therapeutic applications in neuroblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:100. [PMID: 27686492 PMCID: PMC5041531 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most complex post-translational modification of proteins. Altered glycans on the tumor- and host-cell surface and in the tumor microenvironment have been identified to mediate critical events in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Tumor-associated glycan changes comprise increased branching of N-glycans, higher density of O-glycans, generation of truncated versions of normal counterparts, and generation of unusual forms of terminal structures arising from sialylation and fucosylation. The functional role of tumor-associated glycans (Tn, sTn, T, and sLea/x) is dependent on the interaction with lectins. Lectins are expressed on the surface of immune cells and endothelial cells or exist as extracellular matrix proteins and soluble adhesion molecules. Expression of tumor-associated glycans is involved in the dysregulation of glycogenes, which mainly comprise glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms on many glycogenes are associated with malignant transformation. With better understanding of all aspects of cancer-cell glycomics, many tumor-associated glycans have been utilized for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Glycan-based therapeutics has been applied to cancers from breast, lung, gastrointestinal system, melanomas, and lymphomas but rarely to neuroblastomas (NBs). The success of anti-disialoganglioside (GD2, a glycolipid antigen) antibodies sheds light on glycan-based therapies for NB and also suggests the possibility of protein glycosylation-based therapies for NB. This review summarizes our understanding of cancer glycobiology with a focus of how protein glycosylation and associated glycosyltransferases affect cellular behaviors and treatment outcome of various cancers, especially NB. Finally, we highlight potential applications of glycosylation in drug and cancer vaccine development for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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59
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Buetti-Dinh A, O’Hare T, Friedman R. Sensitivity Analysis of the NPM-ALK Signalling Network Reveals Important Pathways for Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Combination Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163011. [PMID: 27669408 PMCID: PMC5036789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large subset of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients harbour a somatic aberration in which anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is fused to nucleophosmin (NPM) resulting in a constitutively active signalling fusion protein, NPM-ALK. We computationally simulated the signalling network which mediates pathological cell survival and proliferation through NPM-ALK to identify therapeutically targetable nodes through which it may be possible to regain control of the tumourigenic process. The simulations reveal the predominant role of the VAV1-CDC42 (cell division control protein 42) pathway in NPM-ALK-driven cellular proliferation and of the Ras / mitogen-activated ERK kinase (MEK) / extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in controlling cell survival. Our results also highlight the importance of a group of interleukins together with the Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) / signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling in the development of NPM-ALK derived ALCL. Depending on the activity of JAK3 and STAT3, the system may also be sensitive to activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP1), which has an inhibitory effect on cell survival and proliferation. The identification of signalling pathways active in tumourigenic processes is of fundamental importance for effective therapies. The prediction of alternative pathways that circumvent classical therapeutic targets opens the way to preventive approaches for countering the emergence of cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Buetti-Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnæus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Linnæus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnæus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Institute of Computational Science, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABD); (RF)
| | - Thomas O’Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States of America
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | - Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnæus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Linnæus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnæus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- * E-mail: (ABD); (RF)
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60
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Tian Y, Wu K, Liu Q, Han N, Zhang L, Chu Q, Chen Y. Modification of platinum sensitivity by KEAP1/NRF2 signals in non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:83. [PMID: 27601007 PMCID: PMC5012055 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of platinum-based drugs on nuclear-factor erythroid2 like 2 (NRF2) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with or without Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) mutations and to determine the role of NRF2 and KEAP1 on platinum-based drug treatment. METHODS We used real-time PCR to assess relative mRNA expression and used western blotting and immunofluorescence assays to assess protein expression. Small interfering RNA and shuttle plasmids were used to modulate the expression of NRF2, wild-type KEAP1, and mutant KEAP1. Drug sensitivity to platinum-based drugs was evaluated with Cell Count Kit-8. RESULTS We found that platinum-based therapies modified the NRF2 signaling pathway differently in KEAP1-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines compared with wild-type KEAP1 cell lines. The reactive degree of NRF2 signaling also varies between nedaplatin and cisplatin. The modification of NRF2 or KEAP1 expression in NSCLC cell lines disrupted downstream gene expression and cell sensitivity to platinum-based drugs. Finally, gene expression data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium indicated that KEAP1 mutation significantly affects NRF2 signaling activity in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NRF2 signaling plays an indispensable role in NSCLC cell sensitivity to platinum-based treatments and provides a rationale for using NRF2 as a specific biomarker for predicting which patients will be most likely to benefit from platinum-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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61
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Wu J, Liu C, Tsui ST, Liu D. Second-generation inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 27590878 PMCID: PMC5010774 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical effector molecule for B cell development and plays a major role in lymphoma genesis. Ibrutinib is the first-generation BTK inhibitor. Ibrutinib has off-target effects on EGFR, ITK, and Tec family kinases, which explains the untoward effects of ibrutinib. Resistance to ibrutinib was also reported. The C481S mutation in the BTK kinase domain was reported to be a major mechanism of resistance to ibrutinib. This review summarizes the clinical development of novel BTK inhibitors, ACP-196 (acalabrutinib), ONO/GS-4059, and BGB-3111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Christina Liu
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stella T Tsui
- SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Ono A, Murakami H, Serizawa M, Wakuda K, Kenmotsu H, Naito T, Taira T, Koh Y, Ohde Y, Nakajima T, Endo M, Takahashi T. Drastic initial response and subsequent response to two ALK inhibitors in a patient with a highly aggressive ALK-rearranged inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor arising in the pleural cavity. Lung Cancer 2016; 99:151-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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63
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Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Landscape in Lung Cancer: Therapeutical Implications. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9214056. [PMID: 27528792 PMCID: PMC4977389 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9214056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease responsible for the most cases of cancer-related deaths. The majority of patients are clinically diagnosed at advanced stages, with a poor survival rate. For this reason, the identification of oncodrivers and novel biomarkers is decisive for the future clinical management of this pathology. The rise of high throughput technologies popularly referred to as “omics” has accelerated the discovery of new biomarkers and drivers for this pathology. Within them, tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) have proven to be of importance as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools and, due to their molecular nature, as therapeutic targets. Along this review, the role of TKRs in the different lung cancer histologies, research on improvement of anti-TKR therapy, and the current approaches to manage anti-TKR resistance will be discussed.
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64
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Wang S, Tsui ST, Liu C, Song Y, Liu D. EGFR C797S mutation mediates resistance to third-generation inhibitors in T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:59. [PMID: 27448564 PMCID: PMC4957905 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
T790M mutation is the most common mechanism for resistance to first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Several third-generation EGFR mutant selective TKIs are being explored to conquer this resistance. AZD9291 (osimertinib, tagrisso) has been approved for treatment of the metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Resistance to AZD9291 has been described. C797S mutation was reported to be a major mechanism for resistance to T790M-targeting EGFR inhibitors. This review summarizes the latest development in identifying the C797S mutation and EAI045, the novel selective inhibitor overcoming the C797S mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Stella T Tsui
- SUNY Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christina Liu
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yongping Song
- Henan Cancer Hospital and the affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Henan Cancer Hospital and the affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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65
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Wang S, Cang S, Liu D. Third-generation inhibitors targeting EGFR T790M mutation in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:34. [PMID: 27071706 PMCID: PMC4830020 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are widely used in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, EGFR T790M mutation leads to resistance to most clinically available EGFR TKIs. Third-generation EGFR TKIs against the T790M mutation have been in active clinical development. These agents include osimertinib, rociletinib, HM61713, ASP8273, EGF816, and PF-06747775. Osimertinib and rociletinib have shown clinical efficacy in phase I/II trials in patients who had acquired resistance to first- or second-generation TKIs. Osimertinib (AZD9291, TAGRISSO) was recently approved by FDA for metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC. HM61713, ASP8237, EGF816, and PF-06747775 are still in early clinical development. This article reviews the emerging data regarding third-generation agents against EGFR T790M mutation in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li T, LoRusso P, Maitland ML, Ou SHI, Bahceci E, Ball HA, Park JW, Yuen G, Tolcher A. First-in-human, open-label dose-escalation and dose-expansion study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor effects of an oral ALK inhibitor ASP3026 in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:23. [PMID: 26966027 PMCID: PMC4786998 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASP3026 is a second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor that has potent in vitro activity against crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive tumors. This open-label, multicenter, first-in-human phase I study ( NCT01284192 ) assessed the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor activity of ASP3026. METHODS Advanced solid tumor patients received oral ASP3026 in 3 + 3 dose-escalation cohorts at doses of 25-800 mg once daily in 28-day cycles. The endpoints were to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and the pharmacokinetic profile of ASP3026. A phase Ib expansion cohort enrolled patients with metastatic, crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive solid tumors at the RP2D, and response was evaluated by RECIST 1.1. RESULTS The dose-escalation cohort enrolled 33 patients, including three crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive patients, and the dose-expansion cohort enrolled another 13 crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. ASP3026 demonstrated both linear pharmacokinetics and dose-proportional exposure for area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum concentration observed with a median terminal half-life of 35 h, supporting the daily dosing. Grade 3 rash and elevated transaminase concentrations were dose-limiting toxicities observed at 800 mg; hence, 525 mg daily was the MTD and RP2D. The most common treatment-related adverse events were nausea (38%), fatigue (35%), and vomiting (35 %). Among the 16 patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive tumors (15 NSCLC, 1 neuroblastoma), eight patients achieved partial response (overall response rate 50%; 95% confidence interval 25-75%) and seven patients (44%) achieved stable disease. CONCLUSIONS ASP3026 was well tolerated and had therapeutic activity in patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive advanced tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinTrials.gov: NCT01284192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X St #3016, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Present address: Yale Smilow Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael L Maitland
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Erkut Bahceci
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | - Howard A Ball
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Yuen
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | - Anthony Tolcher
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapies (START) Center for Cancer Care, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Foss F, Horwitz S, Pro B, Prince HM, Sokol L, Balser B, Wolfson J, Coiffier B. Romidepsin for the treatment of relapsed/refractory peripheral T cell lymphoma: prolonged stable disease provides clinical benefits for patients in the pivotal trial. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 26965915 PMCID: PMC4785666 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achievement of durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is challenging with current therapies, and there are few data regarding the potential benefits of continuing treatment in patients with the best response of stable disease (SD). Histone deacetylase inhibitors are a novel class of drugs with activity in T cell malignancies. Romidepsin was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed/refractory PTCL based on a pivotal trial demonstrating an objective response rate of 25% (33/130), including 15% with confirmed/unconfirmed complete response and a median duration of response of 28 months. Our objective was to further study the clinical benefits of romidepsin in patients that had the best response of SD. METHODS Patients with PTCL relapsed/refractory to ≥1 prior therapy were treated with the approved dose of 14 mg/m(2) romidepsin on days 1, 8, and 15 of six 28-day cycles; patients with SD or response after cycle 6 were allowed to continue on study until progression. By protocol amendment, patients treated for ≥12 cycles could receive maintenance dosing twice per cycle; after cycle 24, dosing could be further reduced to once per cycle in those who had received maintenance dosing for ≥6 months. RESULTS Of the 32 patients (25%) with the best response of SD, 22 had SD for ≥90 days (SD90; cycle 4 response assessment). The longest SD was >3 years in a patient who received maintenance dosing of 14 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15 beginning in cycle 13. Patients with the best response of SD90 or partial response achieved similar overall and progression-free survival. Prolonged dosing of romidepsin was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that patients who achieve SD may consider continuing treatment because the clinical benefits of romidepsin may extend beyond objective responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00426764.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Foss
- />Yale Cancer Center, PO Box 208028, 333 Cedar St, TMP 3, New Haven, CT 06520-8028 USA
| | - Steven Horwitz
- />Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Barbara Pro
- />Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - H. Miles Prince
- />Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Wu J, Zhang M, Liu D. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a selective second-generation BTK inhibitor. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:21. [PMID: 26957112 PMCID: PMC4784459 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more targeted agents become available for B cell malignancies with increasing precision and potency. The first-in-class Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been in clinical use for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. More selective BTK inhibitors (ACP-196, ONO/GS-4059, BGB-3111, CC-292) are being explored. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a novel irreversible second-generation BTK inhibitor that was shown to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib. This review summarized the preclinical research and clinical data of acalabrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Wu J, Savooji J, Liu D. Second- and third-generation ALK inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:19. [PMID: 26951079 PMCID: PMC4782349 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crizotinib as the first-generation ALK inhibitor has shown significant activity in ALK-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Second- and third-generation ALK inhibitors are entering clinical applications for ALK+ NSCLC. In addition, a third-generation ALK inhibitor, lorlatinib (PF-06463922), was reported to resensitize NSCLC to crizotinib. This review provided a summary of clinical development of alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib (AP26113), and lorlatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - John Savooji
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tian Y, Liu Q, He X, Yuan X, Chen Y, Chu Q, Wu K. Emerging roles of Nrf2 signal in non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:14. [PMID: 26922479 PMCID: PMC4769825 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes considerable mortality in the world. Owing to molecular biological progress, treatments in adenocarcinoma have evolved revolutionarily while those in squamous lung cancer remain unsatisfied. Recent studies revealed high-frequency alteration of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway within squamous lung cancer, attracting researchers to focus on this particular pathway. In NSCLC patients, deregulated Nrf2 signal is recognized as a common feature at both DNA and protein level. Emerging associations between Nrf2 and other pathways have been elucidated. MicroRNA was also implicated in the regulation of Nrf2. Agents activating or antagonizing Nrf2 showed an effect in preclinical researches, reflecting different effects of Nrf2 during tumor initiation and progression. Prognostic evaluation demonstrated a negative impact of Nrf2 signal on NSCLC patients’ survival. Considering the importance of Nrf2 signal in NSCLC, further studies are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian He
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Lung J, Lin YC, Hung MS, Jiang YY, Lee KD, Lin PY, Tsai YH. A sensitive and high throughput TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay efficiently discriminates ALK rearrangement from overexpression for lung cancer FFPE specimens. Lung Cancer 2016; 94:114-20. [PMID: 26973216 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ALK fusion gene is an oncogenic driver in lung cancer with low prevalence, which can be ameliorated by crizotinib. Currently, ALK fusion gene can be diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), but inconstistnt results between the two methods are encountered regularly. To make the ALK fusion gene screening more efficient and to provide a simple solution to clarify the discrepancy between FISH and IHC results, a sensitive TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was established. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3-plex TaqMan-based RT-qPCR assay was established and performed on 102 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NSCLC samples to detect ALK rearrangement and overexpression. Break-apart FISH and automatic immunohistochemistry based ALK assays were performed side by side using tissue microarray. RESULTS The RT-qPCR was performed successfully for 80 samples and 10 of them showed positive signals. Three out of the 10 qPCR positive cases were further confirmed by FISH and IHC test. Two others were IHC positive and FISH negative, and expressed full-length ALK transcript. The rest were neither FISH nor IHC positive and their ALK expression level was significantly lower than those FISH or IHC positive cases. CONCLUSION Our RT-qPCR assay demonstrates that the capability and reliability of ALK detection is comparable to FISH and IHC, but it is more effective at discriminating ALK rearrangement from overexpression. The RT-qPCR assay easily clarifies the discrepancy between FISH and IHC, and can be incorporated into routine ALK screening for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Szu Hung
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yuan Jiang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Paul Yann Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Ying Huang Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Perera S, Piwnica-Worms D, Alauddin MM. Synthesis of a [(18)F]-labeled ceritinib analogue for positron emission tomography of anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a receptor tyrosine kinase, in lung cancer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:103-8. [PMID: 26853088 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a therapeutic target in solid and hematologic tumors. Although several ALK inhibitors have gained recent approval for therapy, non-invasive indicators of target engagement or for use as predictive biomarkers in vivo are lacking. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a radiolabeled analogue of the ALK inhibitor ceritinib, [(18)F]fluoroethyl-ceritinib ([(18)F]-FEC), for use with positron emission tomography. We used two methods to synthesize [(18)F]-FEC. First, [(18)F]fluoroethyl-tosylate was prepared, coupled with ceritinib, and the product purified to yield [(18)F]-FEC. Alternatively, a precursor compound was synthesized, directly fluorinated with (18)F-fluoride, and purified to yield [(18)F]-FEC. The first method produced [(18)F]-FEC with an average decay-corrected yield of 24% (n = 4), specific activity of 1200 mCi/µmol, and >99% purity; synthesis time was 115 min from the end of bombardment. The second method produced [(18)F]-FEC with an average yield of 7% (n = 4), specific activity of 1500 mCi/µmol, and >99% purity; synthesis time was 65 min from the end of bombardment. The synthesis of a novel (18)F-labeled analogue of ceritinib has been achieved in acceptable yields, at high purity, and with high specific activity. The compound is a potential positron emission tomography imaging agent for the detection of ALK-overexpressing solid tumors such as lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandun Perera
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mian M Alauddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Liang W, He Q, Chen Y, Chuai S, Yin W, Wang W, Peng G, Zhou C, He J. Metastatic EML4-ALK fusion detected by circulating DNA genotyping in an EGFR-mutated NSCLC patient and successful management by adding ALK inhibitors: a case report. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:62. [PMID: 26850068 PMCID: PMC4744376 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rebiopsy is highly recommended to identify the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in advanced lung cancer. Recent advances in multiplex genotyping based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provide a strong and non-invasive alternative for detection of the resistance mechanism. Case presentation Here we report a multiple metastatic NSCLC patient who was detected to have pure EGFR 19 exon deletion (negative for EML4-ALK and ROS1 in both IHC-based and sequencing assay) in the primary lesion and responded to first-line and second-line EGFR-TKI treatments (erlotinib then HY-15772). At 8 months, most lesions remained well controlled except for the liver metastases which presented dramatic progression. Considering the high risk of bleeding in rebiopsy of hepatic lesions, we conducted a multiplex genomic profiling with ctDNA. Results reported coexistence of EGFR mutation and EML4-ALK gene translocation in plasma which heavily indicated that ALK was the primary reason for progression of the liver lesions. This deduction was supported by the repeated response to ALK inhibitors (crizotinib then AP26113) of the hepatic metastases. Conclusions This is the first report of the existence of ALK rearrangement in metastatic lesions in an EGFR mutated patient. It highlighted the feasibility and advantages of using ctDNA multiplex genotyping in identifying the heterogeneity across lesions and the resistance mechanism of targeted treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2088-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Qihua He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Shaokun Chuai
- Burning Rock Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiqiang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Guilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, No. 151, Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Iyer R, Wehrmann L, Golden RL, Naraparaju K, Croucher JL, MacFarland SP, Guan P, Kolla V, Wei G, Cam N, Li G, Hornby Z, Brodeur GM. Entrectinib is a potent inhibitor of Trk-driven neuroblastomas in a xenograft mouse model. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:179-86. [PMID: 26797418 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common and deadly childhood solid tumors. These tumors are characterized by clinical heterogeneity, from spontaneous regression to relentless progression, and the Trk family of neurotrophin receptors plays an important role in this heterogeneous behavior. We wanted to determine if entrectinib (RXDX-101, Ignyta, Inc.), an oral Pan-Trk, Alk and Ros1 inhibitor, was effective in our NB model. In vitro effects of entrectinib, either as a single agent or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agents Irinotecan (Irino) and Temozolomide (TMZ), were studied on an SH-SY5Y cell line stably transfected with TrkB. In vivo growth inhibition activity was studied in NB xenografts, again as a single agent or in combination with Irino-TMZ. Entrectinib significantly inhibited the growth of TrkB-expressing NB cells in vitro, and it significantly enhanced the growth inhibition of Irino-TMZ when used in combination. Single agent therapy resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in animals treated with entrectinib compared to control animals [p < 0.0001 for event-free survival (EFS)]. Addition of entrectinib to Irino-TMZ also significantly improved the EFS of animals compared to vehicle or Irino-TMZ treated animals [p < 0.0001 for combination vs. control, p = 0.0012 for combination vs. Irino-TMZ]. We show that entrectinib inhibits growth of TrkB expressing NB cells in vitro and in vivo, and that it enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in in vivo models. Our data suggest that entrectinib is a potent Trk inhibitor and should be tested in clinical trials for NBs and other Trk-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Iyer
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lea Wehrmann
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L Golden
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Koumudi Naraparaju
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie L Croucher
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Suzanne P MacFarland
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peng Guan
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkatadri Kolla
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ge Wei
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Cam
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gang Li
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zachary Hornby
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ignyta Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Chan ELY, Chin CHY, Lui VWY. An update of ALK inhibitors in human clinical trials. Future Oncol 2016; 12:71-81. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic ALK is a druggable receptor tyrosine kinase for cancer treatment. Two small molecule inhibitors of ALK, crizotinib and ceritinib, have been recently approved for the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, with marked improvement of progression-free survival of patients. Independent case reports also indicate their potential therapeutic activity in other ALK-rearranged cancers. Numerous single-agent and combination therapy trials are ongoing in lung and many other cancers. Results of these trials are greatly anticipated. Here, we summarize our current understanding of ALK signaling, genomic aberrations in cancer and emerging mechanisms of drug resistance. We will also provide a timely review on all ALK inhibitors and their current status of development in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eason Leong Yin Chan
- Pharmacogenomics & Precision Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Claudia Ho Yi Chin
- Pharmacogenomics & Precision Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- Pharmacogenomics & Precision Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Akinleye A, Iragavarapu C, Furqan M, Cang S, Liu D. Novel agents for advanced pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39521-37. [PMID: 26369833 PMCID: PMC4741843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is relatively insensitive to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, novel agents targeting dysregulated pathways (MAPK/ERK, EGFR, TGF-β, HEDGEHOG, NOTCH, IGF, PARP, PI3K/AKT, RAS, and Src) are being explored in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review summarizes the most recent advances with the targeted therapies in the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Chaitanya Iragavarapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abstract
In recent years, many personalized treatments have been developed for NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer) patients. Among these, gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib are selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with EGFR gene mutations, while crizotinib and ceritinib are two new tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed against the echinoderm microtubule-like protein 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation. The possibility of these new molecules being used to treat patients without adenocarcinoma histology is notably small. For example, EGFR mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene rearrangement are rare in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (generally <1%). Additionally, the benefit of targeted treatment approaches in patients with small-cell lung cancer histology is limited. All of these findings highlight the distinctive nature of adenocarcinoma of the lung among all lung cancer subtypes. Unfortunately, to date, less than 15% of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung are ideal candidates for these targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Non-invasive approaches to monitor EGFR-TKI treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:95. [PMID: 26227959 PMCID: PMC4521383 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKIs) are standard treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Nowadays, tumor tissues acquired by surgery or biopsy are the routine materials for EGFR mutation analysis. However, the accessibility of tumor tissues is not always satisfactory in advanced NSCLC. Moreover, a high proportion of NSCLC patients will eventually develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Invasive procedures, such as surgery or biopsy, are impractical to be performed repeatedly to assess the evolution of EGFR-TKI resistance. Thus, exploring some convenient and less invasive techniques to monitor EGFR-TKI treatment is urgently needed. Circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) has a high degree of specificity to detect EGFR mutations in NSCLC. Besides, ctDNA is capable of monitoring the disease progression during EGFR-TKI treatment. Certain serum microRNAs that correlate with EGFR signaling pathway, such as miR-21 and miR-10b, have been demonstrated to be helpful in evaluating the efficiency of EGFR-TKI therapeutics. A commercialized serum-based proteomic test, named VeriStrat test, has shown an outstanding ability to predict the clinical outcome of NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKIs. Analysis of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is feasible, and CTCs represent a promising material to predict EGFR-TKI-treatment efficacy and resistance. These evidences suggested that non-invasive techniques based on serum or plasma samples had a great potential for monitoring EGFR-TKI treatment in NSCLC. In this review, we summarized these non-invasive approaches and considered their possible applications in EGFR-TKI-treatment monitoring.
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