1
|
Lv D, Zhong C, Dixit D, Yang K, Wu Q, Godugu B, Prager BC, Zhao G, Wang X, Xie Q, Bao S, He C, Heiland DH, Rosenfeld MG, Rich JN. EGFR promotes ALKBH5 nuclear retention to attenuate N6-methyladenosine and protect against ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4334-4351.e7. [PMID: 37979586 PMCID: PMC10842222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptors rank among the most important oncogenic pathways, but pharmacologic inhibitors often demonstrate limited benefit as monotherapy. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling repressed N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), whereas genetic or pharmacologic EGFR targeting elevated m6A levels. Activated EGFR induced non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC to phosphorylate the m6A demethylase, AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), thereby inhibiting chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1)-mediated nuclear export of ALKBH5 to permit sustained mRNA m6A demethylation in the nucleus. ALKBH5 critically regulated ferroptosis through m6A modulation and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein (YTHDF2)-mediated decay of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Pharmacologic targeting of ALKBH5 augmented the anti-tumor efficacy of EGFR and GCLM inhibitors, supporting an EGFR-ALKBH5-GCLM oncogenic axis. Collectively, EGFR reprograms the epitranscriptomic landscape through nuclear retention of the ALKBH5 demethylase to protect against ferroptosis, offering therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of lethal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Da D, Pan Z, Zeng L, Dang Y, Dang C, Huang Y, Shi D, Li H. Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic and its modifier function as novel immunotargets in gastric adenocarcinoma. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:143-149. [PMID: 35241341 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the expression and function of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic modifier (GCLM) in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression of GCLC and GCLM. We download and analyzed the expression of gastric adenocarcinoma patients from TCGA database. Moreover, the method of immunochemistry was used to verify the expression of GCLC and GCLM in gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS At first, the expression of GCLC and GCLM in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were both significantly higher compared with normal tissues analyzed via TCGA database. Then, gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were collected and performed with immunochemistry. The gastric adenocarcinoma with positive staining for GCLC and GCLM was 77% and 80%, respectively, which was significantly higher compared with adjacent normal tissues (9% and 11%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The disordered expression of GCLC and GCLM in gastric adenocarcinoma suggested that these factors may induce tumorigenesis and may be a novel target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuan Da
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhiang Pan
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yamei Dang
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Chunyan Dang
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yunxia Huang
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Dujuan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hongling Li
- Department of Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Polonikov A, Bocharova I, Azarova I, Klyosova E, Bykanova M, Bushueva O, Polonikova A, Churnosov M, Solodilova M. The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, a Key Enzyme of Glutathione Biosynthesis, on Ischemic Stroke Risk and Brain Infarct Size. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040602. [PMID: 35455093 PMCID: PMC9032935 DOI: 10.3390/life12040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore whether polymorphisms in genes encoding the catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, play a role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) and the extent of brain damage. A total of 1288 unrelated Russians, including 600 IS patients and 688 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, were enrolled for the study. Nine common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GCLC and GCLM genes were genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. SNP rs2301022 of GCLM was strongly associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke regardless of sex and age (OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.24−0.62, p < 0.0001). Two common haplotypes of GCLM possessed protective effects against ischemic stroke risk (p < 0.01), but exclusively in nonsmoker patients. Infarct size was increased by polymorphisms rs636933 and rs761142 of GCLC. The mbmdr method enabled identifying epistatic interactions of GCLC and GCLM gene polymorphisms with known IS susceptibility genes that, along with environmental risk factors, jointly contribute to the disease risk and brain infarct size. Understanding the impact of genes and environmental factors on glutathione metabolism will allow the development of effective strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iuliia Bocharova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.B.); (M.C.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital, 45a Sumskaya, 305027 Kursk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Marina Bykanova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Olga Bushueva
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Anna Polonikova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, 308015 Belgorod, Russia; (I.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Solodilova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia; (E.K.); (M.B.); (O.B.); (A.P.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salama A, Fayed HM, Elgohary R. L-carnitine alleviated acute lung injuries induced by potassium dichromate in rats: involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07207. [PMID: 34169163 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway regulates cellular antioxidant stress and exerts anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects against acute lung injury (ALI). The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of L-carnitine (LC) against potassium dichromate (PD) - induced acute lung injury in adult male albino rats via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. For this purpose, forty rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups (8 rats each). The normal group received intranasal (i.n.) saline, while the ALI group received intranasal instillation of PD as a single dose of 2 mg/kg. The 3d - 5th groups received PD then after 24 h administered L-carnitine (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg; orally) for 3 consecutive days. The therapeutic effect of L-carnitine was evaluated by assessment of serum levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) along with measurement of lung contents of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), protein kinase B (AKT), Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 enzyme (NQO1) and glutathione cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) expression. Post-treatment with L-carnitine effectively increased the levels of GSH and AKT, elevated Nrf2 and its target genes and decreased the levels of MDA and TGFβ1 in comparison with PD control rats. Additionally, L-carnitine effectively reduced the number of goblet cell, inhibited the mucus formation in bronchioles and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate as well as alleviated the destruction of alveolar walls, and the congestion of blood vessels in lung tissue induced by PD. Our findings showed that L-carnitine may be a promising therapeutic agent against PD-induced acute lung injury.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma R, Shimura T, Yin C, Okugawa Y, Kitajima T, Koike Y, Okita Y, Ohi M, Uchida K, Goel A, Yao L, Zhang X, Toiyama Y. Antitumor effects of Andrographis via ferroptosis-associated genes in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:523. [PMID: 34025790 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall prognosis of advanced/metastatic gastric cancer (GC) remains poor despite the development of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, other treatment options, such as complementary and alternative medicine, should be considered to overcome this aggressive malignancy. Andrographis, which is a generally unharmful botanical compound, has gained increasing interest for its anticancer effects in multiple malignancies via the regulation of cancer progression-associated signaling pathways. In the present study, a series of in vitro experiments (cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis assays) was designed to elucidate the antitumor potential and mechanism of Andrographis in GC cells. The present study demonstrated that Andrographis exerted antitumor effects in GC cell lines (MKN74 and NUGC4) by inhibiting proliferation, reducing colony formation and enhancing apoptotic activity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the expression levels of the ferroptosis-associated genes heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier were significantly upregulated after Andrographis treatment in both GC cell lines in reverse transcription-quantitative PCR experiments (P<0.05); this finding was further confirmed by immunoblotting assays (P<0.05). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that Andrographis possessed antitumor properties by altering the expression levels of ferroptosis-associated genes, thereby providing novel insights into the potential of Andrographis as an adjunctive treatment option for patients with metastatic GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiya Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Tadanobu Shimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Chengzeng Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahito Kitajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Okita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91016, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bushueva O, Barysheva E, Markov A, Belykh A, Koroleva I, Churkin E, Polonikov A, Ivanov V, Nazarenko M. DNA Hypomethylation of the MPO Gene in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Is Associated with Cerebral Stroke in the Acute Phase. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1914-1932. [PMID: 33864596 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the oxidant-antioxidant system contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral stroke (CS). Epigenetic changes of redox homeostasis genes, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM), glutathione-S-transferase-P1 (GSTP1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), may be biomarkers of CS. In this study, we assessed the association of DNA methylation levels of these genes with CS and clinical features of CS. We quantitatively analyzed DNA methylation patterns in the promoter or regulatory regions of 4 genes (GCLM, GSTP1, TXNRD1, and MPO) in peripheral blood leukocytes of 59 patients with CS in the acute phase and in 83 relatively healthy individuals (controls) without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We found that in both groups, the methylation level of CpG sites in genes TXNRD1 and GSTP1 was ≤ 5%. Lower methylation levels were registered at a CpG site (chr1:94,374,293, GRCh37 [hg19]) in GCLM in patients with ischemic stroke compared with the control group (9% [7%; 11.6%] (median and interquartile range) versus 14.7% [10.4%; 23%], respectively, p < 0.05). In the leukocytes of patients with CS, the methylation level of CpG sites in the analyzed region of MPO (chr17:56,356,470, GRCh3 [hg19]) on average was significantly lower (23.5% [19.3%; 26.7%]) than that in the control group (35.6% [30.4%; 42.6%], p < 0.05). We also found increased methylation of MPO in smokers with CS (27.2% [23.5%; 31.1%]) compared with nonsmokers with CS (21.7% [18.1%; 24.8%]). Thus, hypomethylation of CpG sites in GCLM and MPO in blood leukocytes is associated with CS in the acute phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bushueva
- Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia. .,Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Barysheva
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Anton Markov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Belykh
- Department of Pathophysiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Iuliia Koroleva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Egor Churkin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.,Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivanov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Maria Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma N, Liu W, Zhang X, Gao X, Yu F, Guo W, Meng Y, Gao P, Zhou J, Yuan M, Mi Y, Zhang L, Qi S, Li L, Wang L, Su Q, Yang L, Liu D. Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Disease in the Northern Chinese Han Population. Front Genet 2020; 10:1290. [PMID: 31969899 PMCID: PMC6960262 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases. We identified six critical genetic variants related to oxidative stress, and evaluated their main effects and their interaction effects on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver diseases. We enrolled 3,128 Han Chinese subjects into five groups: healthy controls, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and natural clearance. We then determined the genotypes in each group for CYBA-rs4673, NCF4-rs1883112, NOX4-rs1836882, rs3017887, SOD2-rs4880, and GCLM-rs41303970, and evaluated the association between these variants and HBV-induced liver diseases. Gene-gene interactions were evaluated using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, logistic regression, and four-by-two tables. Significant associations were observed between healthy controls and the CIB group (CHB+LC+HCC). The CYBA-rs4673AG genotype was associated with a 1.356 rate of susceptibility of HBV-induced liver disease compared to the wild type GG genotype. The NCF4-rs1883112G allele occurred more frequently in healthy controls than in the CIB group in all three models (dominant, codominant, and recessive). Nox4-rs1836882 TC showed a protective association, being more frequent in healthy controls compared to the wild type TT genotype. GCLM-rs41303970A was associated with HBV-induced liver disease. The overall best model by multifactor dimensionality reduction was a five factor interaction model that had the highest cross validation consistency (10/10) and test accuracy (0.5669), P= 0.001. Oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms are likely to be associated with HBV-induced liver disease, suggesting that information on these variations is useful for risk assessment of HBV-induced liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengxue Yu
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiheng Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanxin Meng
- Antenatal Diagnosis Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meina Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingjun Mi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sufen Qi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiao Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dianwu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu YP, Zheng Z, Hu S, Ru X, Fan Z, Qiu L, Zhang Y. Unification of Opposites between Two Antioxidant Transcription Factors Nrf1 and Nrf2 in Mediating Distinct Cellular Responses to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressor Tunicamycin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010004. [PMID: 31861550 PMCID: PMC7022656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The water-soluble Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2, also called Nfe2l2) is accepted as a master regulator of antioxidant responses to cellular stress, and it was also identified as a direct target of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase). However, the membrane-bound Nrf1 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 1, also called Nfe2l1) response to ER stress remains elusive. Herein, we report a unity of opposites between these two antioxidant transcription factors, Nrf1 and Nrf2, in coordinating distinct cellular responses to the ER stressor tunicamycin (TU). The TU-inducible transcription of Nrf1 and Nrf2, as well as GCLM (glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1), was accompanied by activation of ER stress signaling networks. Notably, the unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6), IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1) and PERK was significantly suppressed by Nrf1α-specific knockout, but hyper-expression of Nrf2 and its target genes GCLM and HO-1 has retained in Nrf1α−/− cells. By contrast, Nrf2−/−ΔTA cells with genomic deletion of its transactivation (TA) domain resulted in significant decreases of GCLM, HO-1 and Nrf1; this was accompanied by partial decreases of IRE1 and ATF6, rather than PERK, but with an increase of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4). Interestingly, Nrf1 glycosylation and its trans-activity to mediate the transcriptional expression of the 26S proteasomal subunits, were repressed by TU. This inhibitory effect was enhanced by Nrf1α−/− and Nrf2−/−ΔTA, but not by a constitutive activator caNrf2ΔN (that increased abundances of the non-glycosylated and processed Nrf1). Furthermore, caNrf2ΔN also enhanced induction of PERK and IRE1 by TU, but reduced expression of ATF4 and HO-1. Thus, it is inferred that such distinct roles of Nrf1 and Nrf2 are unified to maintain cell homeostasis by a series of coordinated ER-to-nuclear signaling responses to TU. Nrf1α (i.e., a full-length form) acts in a cell-autonomous manner to determine the transcription of most of UPR-target genes, albeit Nrf2 is also partially involved in this process. Consistently, transactivation of ARE (antioxidant response element)-driven BIP (binding immunoglobulin protein)-, PERK- and XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1)-Luc reporter genes was mediated directly by Nrf1 and/or Nrf2. Interestingly, Nrf1α is more potent than Nrf2 at mediating the cytoprotective responses against the cytotoxicity of TU alone or plus tBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone). This is also further supported by the evidence that the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are increased in Nrf1α−/− cells, but rather are, to our surprise, decreased in Nrf2−/−ΔTA cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ping Zhu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
| | - Ze Zheng
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
| | - Shaofan Hu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
| | - Xufang Ru
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
| | - Zhuo Fan
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lu Qiu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (X.R.); (Z.F.); (L.Q.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wahlberg K, Love TM, Pineda D, Engström K, Watson GE, Thurston SW, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, McSorley EM, Strain JJ, Smith TH, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF, Myers GJ, Rand MD, van Wijngaarden E, Broberg K. Maternal polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes are associated with maternal mercury concentrations and early child neurodevelopment in a population with a fish-rich diet. Environ Int 2018; 115:142-149. [PMID: 29573653 PMCID: PMC5970067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutathione (GSH) pathways play a key role the metabolism and elimination of the neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg). We hypothesized that maternal genetic variation linked to GSH pathways could influence MeHg concentrations in pregnant mothers and children and thereby also affect early life development. METHODS The GCLM (rs41303970, C/T), GCLC (rs761142, T/G) and GSTP1 (rs1695, A/G) polymorphisms were genotyped in 1449 mothers in a prospective study of the Seychellois population with a diet rich in fish. Genotypes were analyzed in association with maternal hair and blood Hg, fetal blood Hg (cord blood Hg), as well as children's mental (MDI) and motor development (PDI; MDI and PDI assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 20 months). We also examined whether genotypes modified the association between Hg exposure and developmental outcomes. RESULTS GCLC rs761142 TT homozygotes showed statistically higher mean maternal hair Hg (4.12 ppm) than G carriers (AG 3.73 and GG 3.52 ppm) (p = 0.037). For the combination of GCLC rs761142 and GCLM rs41303970, double homozygotes TT + CC showed higher hair Hg (4.40 ppm) than G + T carriers (3.44 ppm; p = 0.018). No associations were observed between GSTP1 rs1695 and maternal hair Hg or between any genotypes and maternal blood Hg or cord blood Hg. The maternal GSTP1 rs1695 rare allele (G) was associated with a lower MDI among children (β = -1.48, p = 0.048). We also observed some interactions: increasing Hg in maternal and cord blood was associated with lower PDI among GCLC rs761142 TT carriers; and increasing Hg in hair was associated with lower MDI among GSTP1 rs1695 GG carriers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal genetic variation in genes involved in GSH synthesis is statistically associated with Hg concentrations in maternal hair, but not in maternal or fetal blood. We observed interactions that suggest maternal GSH genetics may modify associations between MeHg exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wahlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tanzy M Love
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniela Pineda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gene E Watson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Tristram H Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip W Davidson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - G J Myers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew D Rand
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Karin Broberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Metals and Health, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo X, Jiang Q, Tuccitto A, Chan D, Alqawlaq S, Won GJ, Sivak JM. The AMPK-PGC-1α signaling axis regulates the astrocyte glutathione system to protect against oxidative and metabolic injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:59-69. [PMID: 29438738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly sensitive to metabolic and oxidative injury, but endogenous astrocyte mechanisms have a critical capacity to provide protection from these stresses. We previously reported that the master regulator PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α) is necessary for retinal astrocytes to mount effective injury responses, with particular regard to oxidative stress. Yet, this pathway has not been well studied in glia. PGC-1α is a transcriptional co-activator that is dysregulated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. It functions as a master regulator of cellular bioenergetics, with the ability to regulate tissue specific responses. A key inducer of PGC-1α signaling is adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK). Thus, the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling axis coordinates metabolic and oxidative damage responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that AMPK selectively regulates expression of GCLM (glutamate cysteine ligase modulatory subunit) in astrocytes, but not neurons, through PGC-1α activation. Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH); a critical antioxidant and detoxifying peptide in the CNS. Through this mechanism we describe PGC-1α-dependent induction of GSH synthesis and antioxidant activity in astrocytes, and in the rodent retina in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that therapeutic agonism of this pathway with the AMP mimetic, AICAR, rescues GSH levels in vivo, while reducing RGC death and astrocyte reactivity, following retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. This mechanism presents a novel strategy for enhancing protective astrocyte antioxidant capacity in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Guo
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi Jiang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tuccitto
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Chan
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samih Alqawlaq
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gah-Jone Won
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Sivak
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Killoy KM, Harlan BA, Pehar M, Helke KL, Johnson JA, Vargas MR. Decreased glutathione levels cause overt motor neuron degeneration in hSOD1 WT over-expressing mice. Exp Neurol 2018; 302:129-135. [PMID: 29307609 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. Several lines of evidence have shown that SOD1 mutations cause ALS through a gain of a toxic function that remains to be fully characterized. A significant share of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative process in ALS comes from the study of rodents over-expressing ALS-linked mutant hSOD1. These mutant hSOD1 models develop an ALS-like phenotype. On the other hand, hemizygous mice over-expressing wild-type hSOD1 at moderate levels (hSOD1WT, originally described as line N1029) do not develop paralysis or shortened life-span. To investigate if a decrease in antioxidant defenses could lead to the development of an ALS-like phenotype in hSOD1WT mice, we used knockout mice for the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit [GCLM(-/-)]. GCLM(-/-) mice are viable and fertile but display a 70-80% reduction in total glutathione levels. GCLM(-/-)/hSOD1WT mice developed overt motor symptoms (e.g. tremor, loss of extension reflex in hind-limbs, decreased grip strength and paralysis) characteristic of mice models over-expressing ALS-linked mutant hSOD1. In addition, GCLM(-/-)/hSOD1WT animals displayed shortened life span. An accelerated decrease in the number of large neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and degeneration of spinal root axons was observed in symptomatic GCLM(-/-)/hSOD1WT mice when compared to age-matched GCLM(+/+)/hSOD1WT mice. Our results show that under conditions of chronic decrease in glutathione, moderate over-expression of wild-type SOD1 leads to overt motor neuron degeneration, which is similar to that induced by ALS-linked mutant hSOD1 over-expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelby M Killoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Benjamin A Harlan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Waisman Center, Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tian Y, Wu K, Liu Q, Han N, Zhang L, Chu Q, Chen Y. Modification of platinum sensitivity by KEAP1/NRF2 signals in non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:83. [PMID: 27601007 PMCID: PMC5012055 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of platinum-based drugs on nuclear-factor erythroid2 like 2 (NRF2) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with or without Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) mutations and to determine the role of NRF2 and KEAP1 on platinum-based drug treatment. METHODS We used real-time PCR to assess relative mRNA expression and used western blotting and immunofluorescence assays to assess protein expression. Small interfering RNA and shuttle plasmids were used to modulate the expression of NRF2, wild-type KEAP1, and mutant KEAP1. Drug sensitivity to platinum-based drugs was evaluated with Cell Count Kit-8. RESULTS We found that platinum-based therapies modified the NRF2 signaling pathway differently in KEAP1-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines compared with wild-type KEAP1 cell lines. The reactive degree of NRF2 signaling also varies between nedaplatin and cisplatin. The modification of NRF2 or KEAP1 expression in NSCLC cell lines disrupted downstream gene expression and cell sensitivity to platinum-based drugs. Finally, gene expression data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium indicated that KEAP1 mutation significantly affects NRF2 signaling activity in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NRF2 signaling plays an indispensable role in NSCLC cell sensitivity to platinum-based treatments and provides a rationale for using NRF2 as a specific biomarker for predicting which patients will be most likely to benefit from platinum-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hiramatsu K, Tsuneyoshi T, Ogawa T, Morihara N. Aged garlic extract enhances heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit expression via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Nutr Res 2015; 36:143-9. [PMID: 26507778 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway defends cells against oxidative stress and regulates the cellular redox balance. Activation of this pathway induces a variety of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in the protection of our bodies against oxidative damage. It has been reported that aged garlic extract (AGE), a garlic preparation that is rich in water-soluble cysteinyl moieties, reduces oxidative stress and helps to ameliorate of cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases. We hypothesized that AGE enhances the expression of antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2-ARE pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes expression were evaluated using western blotting analyses. We found that AGE promoted the accumulation of Nrf2 into the nucleus in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the gene expression and polypeptide level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Moreover, the effect of AGE in elevating the gene expression of HO-1 and GCLM was found to be mediated via Nrf2 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that AGE induces the expression of HO-1 and GCLM, which are antioxidant enzymes, via activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hiramatsu
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Tsuneyoshi
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Naoaki Morihara
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Kodacho, Akitakata, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schrottmaier WC, Oskolkova OV, Schabbauer G, Afonyushkin T. MicroRNA miR-320a modulates induction of HO-1, GCLM and OKL38 by oxidized phospholipids in endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:1-8. [PMID: 24786516 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), which are highly abundant in atherosclerotic lesions, are known to induce electrophilic stress response (ESR). ESR induces cytoprotective genes via the NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor. In order to get further insight into the mechanisms of ESR, we studied the role of microRNA (miR)-320a in induction of NRF2-dependent genes by OxPLs. METHODS Microarray profiling and qRT-PCR methods were used for measurements of mRNA and miRNA levels. miR-320a levels were changed by transfection with synthetic oligonucleotides. Protein analysis was performed by Western blotting. The functional activity of NRF2 was measured by DNA-binding ELISA. RESULTS Oxidized palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine (OxPAPC) induced miR-320a in endothelial cells. Induction of HO-1, OKL38 and GCLM mRNAs by OxPAPC and sulforaphane was attenuated upon knockdown of miR-320a. In contrast, transfection of ECs with miR-320a mimic oligonucleotide potentiated the effects of OxPAPC and sulforaphane on induction of HO-1, OKL38 and GCLM mRNAs. OxPAPC-induced p38 activation, levels of NRF2 protein and its ability to bind to consensus NRF2 DNA binding site were elevated in ECs transfected with miR-320a mimic. miR-320a positively regulated induction of VEGF mRNA by OxPAPC. Levels of miR-320a and HO-1 and OKL38 mRNAs were elevated in aortas of ApoE knockout mice fed with high fat diet. Manipulation of miR-320a level in ECs did not affect ability of OxPAPC to induce IL-8, COX-2 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION miR-320a plays important role in induction of expression of HO-1, GCLM and OKL38 upon ESR induced either by OxPAPC or sulforaphane. These observations propose a general role of miR-320a in control of ESR induced by different electrophilic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Institute for Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga V Oskolkova
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Taras Afonyushkin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Living cells maintain a balance between oxidation and reduction, and perturbations of this redox balance are thought to contribute to various diseases. Recent attempts to regulate redox state have focused on electrophiles (EPs), which activate potent cellular defense systems against oxidative stress. One example of this approach is exemplified by carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), compounds that are found in the herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Importantly, CA and CS themselves are not electrophilic, but in response to oxidation, become electrophilic, and then activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant-response element) transcription pathway to synthesize endogenous antioxidant "phase 2"enzymes. As a result of our efforts to develop these compounds as therapeutics for brain health, we have formulated two innovative criteria for drug development: the first concept is the use of pro-electrophilic drugs (PEDs) that are innocuous in and of themselves; and the second concept involves the use of compounds that are pathologically activated therapeutics (PATs); i.e., these small molecules are chemically converted to their active form by the very oxidative stress that they are designed to then combat. The chemical basis for PED and PAT drugs is embodied in the ortho- and para-hydroquinone electrophilic cores of the molecules, which are oxidized by the Cu(2+)/Cu(+) cycling system (or potentially by other transition metals). Importantly, this cycling pathway is under stringent regulation by the cell redox state. We propose that redox-dependent quinone formation is the predominant mechanism for formation of PED and PAT drugs from their precursor compounds. In fact, redox-dependent generation of the active form of drug from the "pro-form" distinguishes this therapeutic approach from traditional EPs such as curcumin, and results in a decrease in clinical side effects at therapeutic concentrations, e.g., lack of reaction with other thiols such as glutathione (GSH), which can result in lowering GSH and inducing oxidative stress in normal cells. We consider this pro-drug quality of PED/PAT compounds to be a key factor for generating drugs to be used to combat neurodegenerative diseases that will be clinically tolerated. Given the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathology of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway represents a promising drug target for these PED/PAT agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Satoh
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Scott R McKercher
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ishikado A, Sono Y, Matsumoto M, Robida-Stubbs S, Okuno A, Goto M, King GL, Keith Blackwell T, Makino T. Willow bark extract increases antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 in vascular endothelial cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1506-1515. [PMID: 23277146 PMCID: PMC3800243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Willow bark extract (WBE) is listed in the European Pharmacopoeia and has been traditionally used for treating fever, pain, and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated its clinical usefulness. This study investigated the antioxidative effects of WBE in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Caenorhabditis elegans. WBE prevented oxidative-stress-induced cytotoxicity of HUVECs and death of C. elegans. WBE dose-dependently increased mRNA and protein expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes heme oxygenase-1, γ-glutamylcysteine ligase modifier and catalytic subunits, and p62 and intracellular glutathione (GSH) in HUVECs. In the nematode C. elegans, WBE increased the expression of the gcs-1::green fluorescent protein reporter, a well-characterized target of the Nrf2 ortholog SKN-1, in a manner that was SKN-1-dependent. WBE increased intranuclear expression and DNA binding of Nrf2 and the activity of an antioxidant response element (ARE) reporter plasmid in HUVECs. WBE-induced expression of Nrf2-regulated genes and increased GSH levels in HUVECs were reduced by Nrf2 and p38 small interfering (si) RNAs and by the p38-specific inhibitor SB203580. Nrf2 siRNA reduced the cytoprotective effect of WBE against oxidative stress in HUVECs. Salicin, a major anti-inflammatory ingredient of WBE, failed to activate ARE-luciferase activity, whereas a salicin-free WBE fraction showed intensive activity. WBE induced antioxidant enzymes and prevented oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 independent of salicin, providing a new potential explanation for the clinical usefulness of WBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Sono
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan
| | | | - Stacey Robida-Stubbs
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aya Okuno
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan
| | - Masashi Goto
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Osaka 569-1195, Japan
| | - George L King
- Section on Vascular Cell Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim SW, Lee HK, Shin JH, Lee JK. Up-down regulation of HO-1 and iNOS gene expressions by ethyl pyruvate via recruiting p300 to Nrf2 and depriving It from p65. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:468-476. [PMID: 23891677 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a simple ester of pyruvic acid, has been shown to exert robust neuroprotection in various neuropathological conditions, such as, cerebral ischemia and KA-induced seizure animal models. The neuroprotective effect of EP is attributable to the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. In the present study, we investigated convergence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions of EP and present a novel molecular mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory effects of EP, which is conveyed by p300, a transcriptional co-activator for both Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p65. In BV2 cells, a microglia cell line, EP induced translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the nucleus and enhanced the expression of hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner and 1h incubation with 10mM EP increased HO-1 to 4.9-fold. Nrf2 was found to translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus beginning 30 min after EP-treatment and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) located on HO-1 promoter. Interestingly, LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induction was substantially suppressed in EP-pre-treated BV2 cells and it was reverted by Nrf2 knockdown. We found that EP-induced Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus recruits p300, a transcriptional co-activator of both Nrf2 and p65, inhibiting p65-p300 interaction. Competition between Nrf2 and p65 for p300 binding was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull down assay and reporter gene analysis. These results demonstrate that EP induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 which binds to ARE along with p300 and hampers iNOS expression via depleting p300 from p65. This is a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism conveyed by EP, which enhances protective effect by converging anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and might be applicable to various Nrf2-activating agents, such as phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Advanced Medical Education (BK21 project), Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Advanced Medical Education (BK21 project), Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Advanced Medical Education (BK21 project), Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Advanced Medical Education (BK21 project), Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Living cells maintain a balance between oxidation and reduction, and perturbations of this redox balance are thought to contribute to various diseases. Recent attempts to regulate redox state have focused on electrophiles (EPs), which activate potent cellular defense systems against oxidative stress. One example of this approach is exemplified by carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), compounds that are found in the herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Importantly, CA and CS themselves are not electrophilic, but in response to oxidation, become electrophilic, and then activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant-response element) transcription pathway to synthesize endogenous antioxidant "phase 2" enzymes. As a result of our efforts to develop these compounds as therapeutics for brain health, we have formulated two innovative criteria for drug development: the first concept is the use of pro-electrophilic drugs (PEDs) that are innocuous in and of themselves; and the second concept involves the use of compounds that are pathologically activated therapeutics (PATs);i.e., these small molecules are chemically converted to their active form by the very oxidative stress that they are designed to then combat. The chemical basis for PED and PAT drugs is embodied in the ortho- and para-hydroquinone electrophilic cores of the molecules, which are oxidized by the Cu(2+)/Cu(+) cycling system (or potentially by other transition metals). Importantly, this cycling pathway is under stringent regulation by the cell redox state. We propose that redox-dependent quinone formation is the predominant mechanism for formation of PED and PAT drugs from their precursor compounds. In fact, redox-dependent generation of the active form of drug from the "pro-form" distinguishes this therapeutic approach from traditional EPs such as curcumin, and results in a decrease in clinical side effects at therapeutic concentrations, e.g., lack of reaction with other thiols such as glutathione (GSH), which can result in lowering GSH and inducing oxidative stress in normal cells. We consider this pro-drug quality of PED/PAT compoundsto be a key factor for generating drugs to be used to combat neurodegenerative diseases that will be clinically tolerated. Given the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathology of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway represents a promising drug target for these PED/PAT agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Satoh
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Scott R McKercher
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kitaoka Y, Ogborn DI, Nilsson MI, Mocellin NJ, MacNeil LG, Tarnopolsky MA. Oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling in McArdle disease. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:297-302. [PMID: 23906480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
McArdle disease (MD) is a metabolic myopathy due to myophosphorylase deficiency, which leads to a severe limitation in the rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resynthesis. Compensatory flux through the myoadenylate deaminase > > xanthine oxidase pathway should result in higher oxidative stress in skeletal muscle; however, oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediated antioxidant response cascade in MD patients have not yet been examined. We show that MD patients have elevated muscle protein carbonyls and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in comparison with healthy, age and activity matched controls (P < 0.05). Nuclear abundance of Nrf2 and Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) binding was also higher in MD patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). The expressions of Nrf2 target genes were also higher in MD patients vs. controls. These observations suggest that MD patients experience elevated levels of oxidative stress, and that the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response cascade is up-regulated in skeletal muscle to compensate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kitaoka
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5 Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saito K, Nukada Y, Takenouchi O, Miyazawa M, Sakaguchi H, Nishiyama N. Development of a new in vitro skin sensitization assay (Epidermal Sensitization Assay; EpiSensA) using reconstructed human epidermis. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2213-24. [PMID: 23999411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent changes in regulatory requirements and social views on animal testing have accelerated the development of reliable alternative tests for predicting skin sensitizing potential of chemicals. In this study, we aimed to develop a new in vitro skin sensitization assay using reconstructed human epidermis, RhE model, which is expected to have broader applicability domain rather than existing in vitro assays. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of five genes (ATF3, DNAJB4, GCLM, HSPA6 and HSPH1) related to cellular stress response were significantly up-regulated in RhE model after 6h treatment with representative skin sensitizers, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and oxazolone, but not a non-sensitizer, benzalkonium chloride. The predictive performance of five genes was examined with eight skin sensitizers (e.g., cinnamic aldehyde), four non-sensitizers (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate) and four pre-/pro-haptens (e.g., p-phenylenediamine, isoeugenol). When the positive criteria were set to obtain the highest accuracy with the animal testing (LLNA), ATF3, DNAJB4 and GCLM exhibited a high predictive accuracy (100%, 93.8% and 87.5%, respectively). All tested pre-/pro-haptens were correctly predicted by both ATF3 and DNAJB4. These results suggested that the RhE-based assay, termed epidermal sensitization assay (EpiSensA), could be an useful skin sensitization assay with a broad applicability domain including pre-/pro-haptens.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jain SK, Micinski D. Vitamin D upregulates glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione reductase, and GSH formation, and decreases ROS and MCP-1 and IL-8 secretion in high-glucose exposed U937 monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:7-11. [PMID: 23770363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutathione is a major endogenous antioxidant and its deficiency is implicated in the etiology and progression of a number of human diseases. Vitamin D is important for the prevention of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and some cancers. Using a monocyte cell model, this study examined the hypothesis that vitamin D upregulate glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione reductase (GR), which catalyzes GSH biosynthesis. METHODS U937 monocytes were pretreated with and without 1,25 (OH)₂ vitamin D (10-25 nM) for 24 h and then exposed to control and high glucose (HG, 25 mM) for 4h. Levels of GSH determined using HPLC; GR activity by oxidation of NADPH; GCLC protein, MCP-1 and IL-8 using ELISA kits. RESULTS 1,25 (OH)₂ vitamin D supplementation significantly upregulated expression of GCLC and GR, levels of GCLC protein and GR activity, and formation of GSH in control and HG-treated monocytes. 1,25 (OH)₂ vitamin D caused significantly (p<0.05) lower secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1, and lower ROS levels in monocytes exposed to control and HG-treated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a positive link between vitamin D and GSH levels, and that some beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation may be mediated by an improvement in the cellular GSH levels and a decrease in ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schläwicke Engström K, Strömberg U, Lundh T, Johansson I, Vessby B, Hallmans G, Skerfving S, Broberg K. Genetic variation in glutathione-related genes and body burden of methylmercury. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:734-9. [PMID: 18560528 PMCID: PMC2430228 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to toxic methylmercury (MeHg) through fish consumption is a large problem worldwide, and it has led to governmental recommendations of reduced fish consumption and blacklisting of mercury-contaminated fish. The elimination kinetics of MeHg varies greatly among individuals. Knowledge about the reasons for such variation is of importance for improving the risk assessment for MeHg. One possible explanation is hereditary differences in MeHg metabolism. MeHg is eliminated from the body as a glutathione (GSH) conjugate. OBJECTIVES We conducted this study to assess the influence of polymorphisms in GSH-synthesizing [glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM-588) and glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC-129)] or GSH-conjugating [glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1-105 and GSTP1-114)] genes on MeHg retention. METHODS Based on information obtained from questionnaires, 292 subjects from northern Sweden had a high consumption of fish (lean/fat fish two to three times per week or more). We measured total Hg in erythrocytes (Ery-Hg) and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma (P-PUFA; an exposure marker for fish intake). RESULTS The GSTP1 genotype modified Ery-Hg; effects were seen for GSTP1-105 and -114 separately, and combining them resulted in stronger effects. We found evidence of effect modification: individuals with zero or one variant allele demonstrated a steeper regression slope for Ery-Hg (p=0.038) compared with individuals with two or more variant alleles. The GCLM-588 genotype also influenced Ery-Hg (p=0.035): Individuals with the GCLM-588 TT genotype demonstrated the highest Ery-Hg, but we saw no evidence of effect modification with increasing P-PUFA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a role of GSH-related polymorphisms in MeHg metabolism.
Collapse
|