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Nagano M, Fujimura M, Tada Y, Seko Y. Dietary Fructooligosaccharides Reduce Mercury Levels in the Brain of Mice Exposed to Methylmercury. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:522-527. [PMID: 33790104 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure during pregnancy is a concern because of its potential health risks to fetuses. Intestinal microbiota has important roles in the decomposition and fecal excretion of MeHg. We investigated the effect of nondigestible saccharides on the accumulation and excretion of Hg after MeHg exposure. Female BALB/cByJ mice were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 5% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or 2.5% glucomannan. Six weeks after feeding, mice were administered MeHg chloride (4 mg Hg/kg, per os (p.o.)), and urine and feces were collected for 28 d. FOS-fed mice had lower total Hg levels in all tissues (including the brain) compared with that of controls. The glucomannan diet had no effect on tissue Hg levels. No differences in tissue concentrations of inorganic Hg among groups were found. Fecal Hg excretion was markedly higher in FOS-fed mice than that in controls, but urinary Hg excretion was similar. FOS-fed mice had a higher proportion of inorganic Hg in feces than that of controls, with a significant increase in fecal Hg excretion. Analysis of fecal bacterial population showed the relative abundance of Bacteroides in FOS-fed mice to be higher than that in controls. The results suggest that FOS enhanced fecal Hg excretion and decreased tissue Hg levels after MeHg administration, possibly by accelerating MeHg demethylation by intestinal bacteria (the candidate genus Bacteroides). This demethylation also reduces MeHg absorption in the large intestine. In conclusion, daily FOS intake may decrease tissue Hg levels in animals and humans exposed to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nagano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease
| | - Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease
| | - Yuya Tada
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease
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Rand MD, Conrad K, Marvin E, Harvey K, Henderson D, Tawil R, Sobolewski M, Cory-Slechta DA. Developmental exposure to methylmercury and resultant muscle mercury accumulation and adult motor deficits in mice. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:1-10. [PMID: 32735808 PMCID: PMC7708410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental methylmercury (MeHg) exposure can have lasting consequences on neural development and motor function across the lifespan. Recent evidence for MeHg targeting of myogenic pathways has drawn attention to the possibility that developing skeletal muscle plays a role in the motor deficits stemming from early life MeHg exposure. In this study we examined a potential role for muscle in influencing MeHg developmental toxicity in offspring of female mice exposed to MeHg via drinking water. Dams had access to 0, 0.5 or 5.0 ppm MeHg chloride in drinking water from two weeks prior to mating through weaning. Blood, brain and muscle tissue was harvested from dams at weaning and pups at postnatal days (PND) 6, 21 and 60 for analysis of total Hg. Muscle tissue sections were examined with histological stains. Behavioral testing of offspring was conducted at PND 60 and included locomotor activity, inverted screen, grip strength and rotarod tests to assess motor function. Total Hg (tHg) levels in dam muscles at weaning were 1.7-3-fold higher than Hg levels in blood or brain. In PND6 male and female pups, muscle and brain tHg levels were 2 to 4-fold higher than blood tHg. Brain tHg levels decreased more rapidly than muscle tHg levels between PND 6 and 21. Premised on modeling of growth dilution, brain tissue demonstrated an elimination of tHg while muscle tissue exhibited a net uptake of tHg between PND 6 and 21. Despite overall elevated Hg levels in developing muscle, no gross morphological or cytological phenotypes were observed in muscle at PND 60. At the higher MeHg dose, grip strength was reduced in both females and males at PND 60, whereas only male specific deficits were observed in locomotor activity and inverted screen tests with marginally significant deficits on rotarod. These findings highlight a potential role for developing skeletal muscle in mediating the neuromuscular insult of early life MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Marvin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, United States
| | | | - Don Henderson
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
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Wells EM, Kopylev L, Nachman R, Radke EG, Segal D. Seafood, wine, rice, vegetables, and other food items associated with mercury biomarkers among seafood and non-seafood consumers: NHANES 2011-2012. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2020; 30:504-514. [PMID: 32015433 PMCID: PMC7183423 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish/seafood consumption is a source of mercury; other dietary sources are not well described. This cross-sectional study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 data. Participants self-reported consuming fish/seafood (N = 5427) or not (N = 1770) within the past 30 days. Whole blood total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and urinary mercury (UHg) were determined. Diet was assessed using 24 h recall. Adjusted regression models predicted mercury biomarker concentrations with recent food consumption, while controlling for age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity. Geometric mean THg was 0.89 µg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 1.02) (seafood consumers) and 0.31 µg/L (95% CI: 0.28, 0.34) (non-seafood consumers); MeHg and UHg concentrations follow similar patterns. In adjusted regressions among seafood consumers, significant associations were observed between mercury biomarkers with multiple foods, including fish/seafood, wine, rice, vegetables/vegetable oil, liquor, and beans/nuts/soy. Among non-seafood consumers, higher THg was significantly associated with mixed rice dishes, vegetables/vegetable oil, liquor, and approached statistical significance with wine (p < 0.10); higher MeHg was significantly associated with wine and higher UHg was significantly associated with mixed rice dishes. Fish/seafood consumption is the strongest dietary predictor of mercury biomarker concentrations; however, consumption of wine, rice, vegetables/vegetable oil, or liquor may also contribute, especially among non-seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Leonid Kopylev
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Nachman
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Radke
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deborah Segal
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
We report a rare case of fatal intoxication in a 40-year-old man caused by injection of a fluid containing organic mercury, allegedly in an attack with a syringe fixed to the tip of an umbrella. The man suffered from severe neurological symptoms and progressive multiorgan failure and died 10 months later in refractory status epilepticus. Autopsy revealed severe brain atrophy and non-specific kidney damage. Neuropathological examination showed neuronal loss especially in the occipital lobe, distinct granule cell necrosis in the cerebellum and Wallerian degeneration in the brainstem. Postmortem toxicological analysis revealed extremely increased levels of mercury in liver and kidney tissue as well as methylmercury levels in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albers
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Gies
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Centre Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Klintschar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Llorente Ballesteros MT, García Barrado B, Navarro Serrano I, Izquierdo Álvarez S, Del Pueyo García Anaya M, González Muñoz MJ. Evaluation of blood mercury and serum selenium levels in the pregnant population of the Community of Madrid, Spain. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:60-67. [PMID: 31563817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main exposure route to methylmercury (MeHg) is from eating fish and shellfish containing this compound. Since 2004, women of childbearing age in Spain have been urged not to eat some species (eg, tuna, shark, and swordfish), instead choosing low-MeHg seafood as part of a healthy diet. OBJECTIVE To describe maternal total blood mercury (THg) and serum selenium (Se) in a cohort of pregnant women living in Spain as it relates to fish intake during the three trimesters and to assess whether or not Spanish women of childbearing age follow the recommendations listed in fish advisories and choose fish species with lower mercury levels. METHODS We studied 141 female volunteers of childbearing age (16-45 years), interviewing all participants about their overall eating habits and seafood intake. Hg and Se levels were tested using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), respectively. RESULTS Average THg levels in pregnant women were 2.89 μg/L (standard deviation [SD], 2.75 μg/L, geometric mean [GM], 2.19 μg/L), and THg GM was positively associated with fish intake. Mean Se levels in pregnant women were 73.06 μg/L (SD, 13.38 μg/L), and Se levels were found to increase with tuna intake. In 16 (12%) pregnant women, THg was higher than the level recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (6.4 μg/L). A positive association was also found between THg and serum Se. CONCLUSION Women of childbearing age in Spain had higher THg levels than women in other Western studies. Our study observed that 12% of women had THg levels above the safety limit set by the EPA (6.4 μg/L), and 31% had levels above the relevant benchmark level of 3.5 μg/L suggested by various researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña García Barrado
- Instituto de Toxicología de la Defensa, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Navarro Serrano
- Instituto de Toxicología de la Defensa, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain.
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Trdin A, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Fajon V, Krsnik M, Osredkar J, Prpić I, Špirić Z, Petrović O, Marc J, Neubauer D, Kodrič J, Kobal AB, Barbone F, Falnoga I, Horvat M. Mercury speciation in prenatal exposure in Slovenian and Croatian population - PHIME study. Environ Res 2019; 177:108627. [PMID: 31421448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have addressed the issue of prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg); however, few have actually analysed MeHg blood concentrations. Our study population included mothers and their new-borns from Slovenia (central region; N = 584) and Croatia (coastal region; N = 234). We have measurements of total Hg (THg) and MeHg in maternal hair, maternal peripheral blood, and cord blood. Cord blood Hg concentrations were low to moderate (median THg = 1.84 ng/g and MeHg = 1.69 ng/g). The proportion of THg as MeHg (%MeHg) in maternal and cord blood varied between 4% and 100% (coefficient of variation, CV = 32%) and between 8% and 100% (CV = 20%), respectively. Our data shows that variability of %MeHg was higher at lower blood THg levels. Concentrations of MeHg in maternal blood and cord blood were highly correlated (Rs = 0.943), in the case of inorganic Hg correlation was significant but weaker (Rs = 0.198). MeHg levels in maternal blood and cord blood were positively associated with seafood intake, maternal age, and negatively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Additionally, MeHg in maternal blood was positively associated with plasma selenium levels, and cord blood MeHg was negatively associated with parity. The results of multiple linear regression models showed that speciation analysis provides more defined estimation of prenatal exposure in association modelling. Associations between Hg exposure and cognitive performance of children (assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler development) adjusted for maternal or child Apolipoprotein E genotypes showed higher model R2 and lower p-values when adjusted for MeHg compared to THg. This study demonstrates that Hg speciation improves the association between exposure and possible negative health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Trdin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Fajon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mladen Krsnik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Oleg Petrović
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Neubauer
- Department of Child, Adolescent, and Developmental Neurology, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Kodrič
- Department of Child, Adolescent, and Developmental Neurology, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alfred B Kobal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Grajewska A, Falkowska L, Saniewska D, Pawliczka I. Changes in total mercury, methylmercury, and selenium blood levels during different life history stages of the Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus grypus). Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:268-277. [PMID: 31048158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the blood of grey seal pups, the blood and milk of female grey seals inhabiting the Hel Marine Station of Gdansk University's Institute of Oceanography (HMS), we monitored the transfer of total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and selenium (Se) with blood during foetal life and nursing. Changes in the concentration of mercury and selenium were characterised in the pups' blood during their first three months of life when they transition from suckling, to a post-weaning fast, to eating fish. In the blood of pregnant females, there was a significant decrease in THg and MeHg concentrations throughout the gestation, indicating the transfer of these toxins through the placenta into the foetus. At no other stage of the pup's development was there such a high level of THg and MeHg as on the day of birth, despite the incorporation of mercury into the lanugo during foetal growth. This suggests that the maternal transfer of mercury during gestation may be the time of greatest mercury exposure for a young seal pup. The consumption of milk caused a rapid increase in weight and a lowering of the mercury level in the blood in the subsequent days of the pups' life. The postweaning fast was the period of the lowest mercury concentration. The switch to a diet consisting of fish caused a systematic increase in the concentration of mercury in the blood of the pups. Milk was the significant source of selenium for pups and the selenium concentration in females' blood was reduced during lactation. The nursing period seemed to have the greatest impact on the mercury and selenium blood levels in examined seals. Natural development of the grey seal pup created an opportunity to decrease the levels of toxic substances obtained through the maternal transfer during foetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Grajewska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Falkowska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Dominika Saniewska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Iwona Pawliczka
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, Professor Krzysztof Skóra Hel Marine Station, ul. Morska 2, 84-150 Hel, Poland
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Xu Y, Wahlberg K, Love TM, Watson GE, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, McSorley EM, Strain JJ, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF, Rand MD, Myers GJ, van Wijngaarden E, Broberg K. Associations of blood mercury and fatty acid concentrations with blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study. Environ Int 2019; 124:278-283. [PMID: 30660840 PMCID: PMC6405959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish contains methylmercury (MeHg) which can cause oxidative stress and neurodevelopmental toxicity at sufficiently high doses. Fish also contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which have both antioxidant (n-3) and oxidant (n-6) properties. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is sensitive to oxidative stress but has not been previously studied in relation to MeHg exposure or PUFA status. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between MeHg exposure and PUFA status during pregnancy with relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (RmtDNAcn) in mothers and their newborns. METHODS In total, 1488 mother-child pairs from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2 were included in this study. Total Hg was measured in maternal blood collected at 28 weeks' gestation, maternal hair at delivery, and in fetal cord blood. PUFA (n-3 and n-6) were measured only in maternal blood. RmtDNAcn was measured by qPCR in both maternal and cord blood. RESULTS Increasing maternal blood Hg (β = 0.001, 95%CI: 0.000, 0.002) and n-3 PUFA concentrations (β = 0.183, 95%CI: 0.048, 0.317) were associated with higher maternal RmtDNAcn. Increasing maternal n-6 PUFA (β = -0.103, 95%CI: -0.145, -0.062) and n-6/n-3 ratio (β = -0.011, 95%CI: -0.017, -0.004) were associated with lower maternal RmtDNAcn. Increasing fetal cord blood Hg was associated with lower fetal RmtDNAcn (β = -0.002, 95%CI: -0.004, -0.000). Neither maternal blood Hg nor PUFA status was associated with fetal RmtDNAcn. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MeHg and PUFA may influence mitochondrial homeostasis although the magnitude of these associations are small. Future studies should confirm the findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden; Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Wahlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tanzy M Love
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gene E Watson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Philip W Davidson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Rand
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - G J Myers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Karin Broberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Janiga M, Haas M. Alpine accentors as monitors of atmospheric long-range lead and mercury pollution in alpine environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:2445-2454. [PMID: 30471058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury and lead are deposited in the West Carpathians as long-range transported air pollution. The Alpine accentor (Prunella collaris) was recognized as a cost-effective biomonitor, and used to investigate the bioavailability of contaminants in large alpine areas. The outer tail feathers and blood of the alpine accentors were used for assessment of atmospheric mercury and lead contamination, respectively. Mean mercury levels in feathers of accentors averaged at 1.15 μg/g (SE = 0.105, n = 40). There were no temporal variations in mercury concentrations. Mean blood lead levels were at 5.2 μg/dL (SE = 0.5, n = 27), showing a slight decreasing trend from July to October. Juveniles were not more susceptible to lead accumulation than adults. Bone lead concentrations that increase with age reflect a bioaccumulation effect. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the length of erythrocytes and the concentration of lead, which may show the first symptoms of microcytosis. In comparison to aquatic ecosystems, the biogeochemical factors that influence methylmercury availability in alpine habitats are not yet completely known and require further investigation. Our findings show that birds in alpine terrestrial ecosystems may contain surprisingly high levels of methylmercury. The mercury levels in the feathers of accentors probably indicate that alpine autotrophs make sufficient amounts of mercury available to the terrestrial food web. The blood lead levels of accentors likely approach the threshold level for further hematological effects. We found a clear tendency in erythrocytes to change their shape from ellipsoid to smaller and rounder with increasing amounts of lead in their blood. The shape of bird erythrocytes appears to be a very sensitive indicator of critical levels of lead in the alpine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Janiga
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, Žilina University, Tatranská Javorina, 7, SK-059 56, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Haas
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, Žilina University, Tatranská Javorina, 7, SK-059 56, Slovak Republic.
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10
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhao J, Lin X, Liu J, Cui L, Gao Y, Zhang TL, Li B, Li YF. Selenoprotein P as the major transporter for mercury in serum from methylmercury-poisoned rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:589-595. [PMID: 29704998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been found to promote weight gain, decrease hepatic damage, but redistribute mercury (Hg) in brains and livers in methylmercury (MeHg)-poisoned rats. The aims of the present work were to examine the effects of Se on the levels of Hg in serum and the role of serum selenoproteins in binding with Hg in MeHg-poisoned rats. The concentration of Se, Hg and MeHg were studied using ICP-MS and CVAFS. The Hg- and Se-binding selenoproteins were separated and quantified using affinity chromatography with post-column isotope dilution analysis using both enriched 78Se and 199Hg. It was found that Se treatment reduced Hg levels in serum in MeHg-poisoned rats. Among the three separated selenoproteins, the amounts of SelP-bound Hg and Se increased to 73% and 93.6%, from 64.4% and 89.3% of the total Hg and Se, respectively after Se treatment, suggesting that SelP acts as a major transporter for Hg and pool for Se in serum. Over 90% of the total Hg was MeHg in serum, and the molar ratios of MeHg to Se as 1:4 and 1:9 in the formed MeHg-Se-SelP complex in the control and the Se treatment group, respectively. The elevated Se level binding with SelP facilitated the Hg extraction from tissues and organs, as well as its redistribution in brains and livers through blood circulation in the MeHg-poisoned rats. Together, our findings provide direct evidence that serum SelP is the major Hg transporter in MeHg-poisoned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Basic Medical and Forensic Science, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science& Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Pingshang Branch, Linyi Animal Health Inspection, Linyi, 276624, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian-Lan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Mercury Pollution Prevention and Control, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Orr SE, Franklin RC, George HS, Nijhara S, Joshee L, Bridges CC. Pregnancy Alters Renal and Blood Burden of Mercury in Females. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:9-11. [PMID: 29478229 PMCID: PMC6943925 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (CH3Hg+), a common environmental toxicant, has serious detrimental effects in numerous organ systems. We hypothesize that a significant physiological change, like pregnancy, can alter the disposition and accumulation of mercury. To test this hypothesis, pregnant and non-pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed orally to CH3Hg+. The amount of mercury in blood and total renal mass was significantly lower in pregnant rats than in non-pregnant rats. This finding may be due to expansion of plasma volume in pregnant rats and dilution of mercury, leading to lower levels of mercury in maternal blood and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Orr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - Reneé C Franklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - Hannah S George
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - Sanya Nijhara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - Lucy Joshee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA
| | - Christy C Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 College St, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
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12
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Espitia-Pérez P, Albino SM, da Rosa HT, Silveira AK, Espitia-Pérez L, Brango H, Moraes DP, Hermann PRS, Mingori M, Barreto F, Kunzler A, Gelain DP, Schnorr CE, Moreira JCF. Effects of methylmercury and retinol palmitate co-administration in rats during pregnancy and breastfeeding: Metabolic and redox parameters in dams and their offspring. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:603-615. [PMID: 30031321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous low-dose methylmercury (MeHg) exposure through an increased fish consumption represents a global public health problem, especially among pregnant women. A plethora of micronutrients presented in fish affects MeHg uptake/distribution, but limited data is available. Vitamin A (VitA), another fish micronutrient is used in nutritional supplementation, especially during pregnancy. However, there is no information about the health effects arising from their combined exposure. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of both MeHg and retinyl palmitate administered on pregnant and lactating rats in metabolic and redox parameters from dams and their offspring. Thirty Wistar female rats were orally supplemented with MeHg (0,5 mg/kg/day) and retinyl palmitate (7500 µg RAE/kg/day) via gavage, either individually or in combination from the gestational day 0 to weaning. For dams (150 days old) and their offspring (31 days old), glycogen accumulation (hepatic and cardiac) and retinoid contents (plasma and liver) were analyzed. Hg deposition in liver tissue was quantified. Redox parameters (liver, kidney, and heart) were evaluated for both animals. Cytogenetic damage was analyzed with micronucleus test. Our results showed no general toxic or metabolic alterations in dams and their offspring by MeHg-VitA co-administration during pregnancy and lactation. However, increased lipoperoxidation in maternal liver and a disrupted pro-oxidant response in the heart of male pups was encountered, with apparently no particular effects in the antioxidant response in female offspring. GST activity in dam kidney was altered leading to possible redox disruption of this tissue with no alterations in offspring. Finally, the genomic damage was exacerbated in both male and female pups. In conclusion, low-dose MeHg exposure and retinyl palmitate supplementation during gestation and lactation produced a potentiated pro-oxidant effect, which was tissue-specific. Although this is a pre-clinical approach, we recommend precaution for pregnant women regarding food consumption, and we encourage more epidemiological studies to assess possible modulations effects of MeHg-VitA co-administration at safe or inadvertently used doses in humans, which may be related to specific pathologies in mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Suelen Marin Albino
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helen Tais da Rosa
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Carrera 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Hugo Brango
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pompéu Moraes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paolla Rissi Silva Hermann
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moara Mingori
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barreto
- Laboratório de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas e Medicamentos Veterinários (RPM), Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário RS, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, CEP: 91780-580 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alice Kunzler
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Departamento de Civil y Ambiental, Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55- 66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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13
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Donohue A, Wagner CL, Burch JB, Rothenberg SE. Blood total mercury and methylmercury among pregnant mothers in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2018; 28:494-504. [PMID: 29670220 PMCID: PMC7425126 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal blood total mercury (THg) is a biomarker for prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. Few studies have quantified both blood THg and MeHg during pregnancy, and few studies have reported longitudinal trends. OBJECTIVES We analyzed blood THg and MeHg in a cohort of pregnant mothers in Charleston, South Carolina (n = 83), and investigated whether blood THg or MeHg changed between early and late gestation. METHODS THg and MeHg were analyzed in blood samples from early (12 ± 1.7 weeks) and late (35 ± 2.2 weeks) gestation. RESULTS Blood %MeHg (of THg) averaged 63% (range: 10-114%) and 61% (range: 12-117%) during early and late gestation, respectively. In unadjusted analyses, blood MeHg decreased from early to late pregnancy (paired t-test, p = 0.04), while THg did not change (paired t-test, p = 0.34). When blood MeHg was normalized by the hematocrit, this decrease was no longer statistically significant (paired t-test, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS In unadjusted analyses, blood MeHg, but not THg, decreased significantly between early and late gestation; this decrease was due in part to hemodilution. Percent MeHg (of THg) varied by up to one order of magnitude. Results highlight the importance of Hg speciation in maternal blood samples to assess prenatal MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Donohue
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carol L Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - James B Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- WJB Dorn, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sarah E Rothenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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14
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Chen C, Xun P, McClure LA, Brockman J, MacDonald L, Cushman M, Cai J, Kamendulis L, Mackey J, He K. Serum mercury concentration and the risk of ischemic stroke: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Trace Element Study. Environ Int 2018; 117:125-131. [PMID: 29738916 PMCID: PMC5997556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although biologically plausible, epidemiological evidence linking exposure to methylmercury with increased risk of ischemic stroke is limited. The effects of methylmercury may be modified by selenium, which is an anti-oxidant that often co-exists with mercury in fish. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between serum mercury levels with the incidence of ischemic stroke and to explore the possible effect modifications by serum selenium levels and demographic and geographic factors. METHODS A case-cohort study was designed nested in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort, including 662 adjudicated incident cases of ischemic stroke and 2494 participants in a randomly selected sub-cohort. Serum mercury was measured using samples collected at recruitment. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Barlow-weighting method for the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS No statistically significant association was observed between serum mercury concentration and the incidence of ischemic stroke (the highest vs. lowest quintile of mercury levels: HR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.55-1.22; P for linear trend = 0.42). Sex (P for interaction = 0.06), but not serum selenium levels, modified the association; a more evident trend toward lower incidence of ischemic stroke with higher mercury levels was observed among women. CONCLUSION This study does not support an association between mercury and the incidence of ischemic stroke within a population with low-to-moderate level of exposure. Further studies are needed to explore the possibility of mercury-induced ischemic stroke toxicity in other populations at higher exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Brockman
- Columbia Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Leslie MacDonald
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa Kamendulis
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jason Mackey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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15
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Perkins M, Basu N. Dried blood spots for estimating mercury exposure in birds. Environ Pollut 2018; 236:236-246. [PMID: 29414345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a pervasive environmental contaminant that can impair avian health, consequently there is a need to gauge exposures. Bird blood provides a measure of recent dietary exposure to Hg, but blood collection and storage can be complex and costly. Dried blood spots (DBS) may help overcome challenges of whole blood analyses, therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a novel method to assess Hg exposure in birds using DBS. First, accuracy and precision of blood Hg concentrations for entire DBS and DBS punches were determined for white leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) dosed with methylmercury (MeHg) via egg injection. Next, we investigated Hg stability in chicken DBS subjected to time, temperature, and humidity treatments. Lastly, we applied the method to DBS created using standard field methods from zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttatato) in the laboratory and American golden-plover (Pluvalis dominica) sampled in the field. All samples were analyzed for total Hg (THg) using direct Hg analysis. Accuracy was determined by comparing DBS concentrations with those of corresponding whole blood and reported as percent recovery. Accuracy for entire chicken DBS was 101.8 ± 5.4%, while DBS punches revealed lower recovery (87.7 ± 4.0 to 92.4 ± 4.1%). There was little effect of time, temperature, and humidity storage treatments on Hg concentrations of DBS, with mean DBS THg concentrations within ±8% of whole blood (n = 10 treatments). For zebra finch, DBS punches were more accurate (93.7 ± 9.7%) compared to entire DBS (126.8 ± 19.4%). While for American golden-plover, entire DBS resulted in the most accurate THg concentrations (111.5 ± 7.6%) compared to DBS punches (edge: 115.4 ± 18.9%, interior: 131.4 ± 16.1%). Overall, results indicate that DBS analysis using direct Hg analysis can accurately evaluate Hg exposure in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Perkins
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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16
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Zhang Y, Xu C, Fu Z, Shu Y, Zhang J, Lu C, Mo X. Associations between total mercury and methyl mercury exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in US adolescents. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6265-6272. [PMID: 29247408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of chronic heavy metal exposure are associated with a range of adverse health effects. However, whether total blood mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) exposure affect risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adolescents remains unclear. The associations between CVD risk factors and total blood Hg and MeHg in adolescents were evaluated using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2012. Data for 1129 adolescents (age 12-19 years) who participated in the US NHANES 2011-2012 were analyzed. A multivariate linear regression was performed to investigate the associations between CVD risk factors and blood Hg and MeHg concentrations. We identified a strong positive association between blood Hg and MeHg and total cholesterol in adolescents in adjusted model. No associations with other CVD risk factors were found in the overall population. In the gender-stratified generalized linear models, girls with the highest MeHg levels demonstrated a 4.22% (95% CI 0.80%, 7.76%) greater increase in serum total cholesterol (P for trend = 0.029) when compared with girls with the lowest MeHg levels. Our findings suggest that blood MeHg may be positively associated with total cholesterol in adolescent girls. More research is needed to verify this association and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yaqin Shu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changgui Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Sakamoto M, Chan HM, Domingo JL, Koriyama C, Murata K. Placental transfer and levels of mercury, selenium, vitamin E, and docosahexaenoic acid in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Environ Int 2018; 111:309-315. [PMID: 29150340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxicant known to affect the developing fetal brain as a sensitive target organ. As most mercury (Hg) in blood is MeHg, total mercury (THg) levels in blood are used to estimate the body burden of MeHg. The nutrients selenium (Se), vitamin E, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are protective against MeHg toxicity. We compared maternal and cord blood concentrations of biochemical substances, THg and Se, vitamin E, DHA, and other elements, fatty acids, and amino acids in 54 Japanese mother-newborn pairs to elucidate the fetal risk of MeHg toxicity. Cord blood had higher hematocrit and amino acid values and lower concentrations of lipid components, including fatty acids compared with maternal blood. THg levels in cord blood (7.26ng/g) were 1.9 times higher than levels in maternal blood (3.79ng/g). Se concentrations in cord blood (176ng/g) were slightly higher than concentrations in maternal blood (156ng/g). Levels of vitamin E (0.31mg/dL) and DHA (58.8μg/mL) in cord blood were much lower than levels in maternal blood (1.38mg/dL and 147μg/mL, respectively). The ratios of Se/THg, vitamin E/THg, and DHA/THg in cord blood were lower than ratios in maternal blood. These results suggest that fetuses are at higher risk to MeHg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineshi Sakamoto
- Environmental Health Section, Department of Environmental Science and Epidemiology, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat "Rovira i Virgili", Reus, Spain
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Murata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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18
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Mallory ML, O'Driscoll NJ, Klapstein S, Varela JL, Ceapa C, Stokesbury MJ. Methylmercury in tissues of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) from the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 126:250-254. [PMID: 29421095 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by mercury is a concern in marine food webs, and especially for large fish. We examined methylmercury (MeHg) levels in blood, muscle and liver of 35 individual Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus), a commercially harvested, anadromous fish eastern Canada. Females had higher blood and liver MeHg levels than males, and in some tissues there was a suggestion of higher mercury in longer fish. Collectively, sturgeon MeHg levels were far below Canadian and international guidelines for safe consumption of fish meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Mallory
- Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Earth & Environmental Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Sara Klapstein
- Earth & Environmental Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | | | - Cornell Ceapa
- Acadian Sturgeon and Caviar Ltd., 30 Carters Wharf Road, Carters Point, New Brunswick E5S 1S5, Canada
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19
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Tsui MTK, Adams EM, Jackson AK, Evers DC, Blum JD, Balogh SJ. Understanding sources of methylmercury in songbirds with stable mercury isotopes: Challenges and future directions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:166-174. [PMID: 28792100 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) stable isotope analysis is an emerging technique that has contributed to a better understanding of many aspects of the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in the environment. However, no study has yet evaluated its usefulness in elucidating the sources of methylmercury (MeHg) in songbird species, a common organism for biomonitoring of Hg in forested ecosystems. In the present pilot study, we examined stable mercury isotope ratios in blood of 4 species of songbirds and the invertebrates they are likely foraging on in multiple habitats in a small watershed of mixed forest and wetlands in Acadia National Park in Maine (USA). We found distinct isotopic signatures of MeHg in invertebrates (both mass-dependent fractionation [as δ202 Hg] and mass-independent fractionation [as Δ199 Hg]) among 3 interconnected aquatic habitats. It appears that the Hg isotopic compositions in bird blood cannot be fully accounted for by the isotopic compositions of MeHg in lower trophic levels in each of the habitats examined. Furthermore, the bird blood isotope results cannot be simply explained by an isotopic offset as a result of metabolic fractionation of δ202 Hg (e.g., internal demethylation). Our results suggest that many of the birds sampled obtain MeHg from sources outside the habitat they were captured in. Our findings also indicate that mass-independent fractionation is a more reliable and conservative tracer than mass-dependent fractionation for identifying sources of MeHg in bird blood. The results demonstrate the feasibility of Hg isotope studies of songbirds but suggest that larger numbers of samples and an expanded geographic area of study may be required for conclusive interpretation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:166-174. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Evan M Adams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
| | | | - David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Joel D Blum
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven J Balogh
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Liu Y, Buchanan S, Anderson HA, Xiao Z, Persky V, Turyk ME. Association of methylmercury intake from seafood consumption and blood mercury level among the Asian and Non-Asian populations in the United States. Environ Res 2018; 160:212-222. [PMID: 29020643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MeHg is a well-established neurotoxicant for fetal brain growth and development and has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in aging populations. In the U.S., Asian populations are of particular concern because of their seafood consumption behaviors. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to calculate the average daily MeHg intake (ADMI) from seafood and to assess the relationship between ADMI with blood methylmercury (BMeHg) concentrations, specifically among women of reproductive age (WORA) and adults ≥ 50 years of age. METHODS We estimated ADMI from seafood using the 30-day fish consumption data from the NHANES 2011-2014 datasets. Using multivariable linear regression, we estimated the proportional change in mean BMeHg associated with a doubling of the ADMI. Further, correlations between ADMI and BMeHg were compared between Asians and other racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS Our analysis found both Asian WORA and Asian adults age ≥ 50 years old had significantly higher BMeHg levels and ADMI than their Non-Asian counterparts. Correlations between ADMI from seafood and blood Hg levels were stronger among Asian WORA than among Non-Asian WORA. Key fish species that influenced the dietary MeHg intake for Asians were mackerel, tuna, and "other known/unknown fish species". CONCLUSION We confirmed that Asian populations have higher MeHg intake than the Non-Asian population in the U.S. and seafood intake is a key predictor of blood Hg concentration, especially among Asian women of reproductive age. Future studies should incorporate information on other known and unknown fish species that are frequently consumed by Asian populations and different parts and fish organs eaten to better understand determinants of MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Susan Buchanan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 2121 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Population Health Sciences, 614 Walnut Street, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 2121 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Persky
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Basu N, Eng JWL, Perkins M, Santa-Rios A, Martincevic G, Carlson K, Neitzel RL. Development and application of a novel method to characterize methylmercury exposure in newborns using dried blood spots. Environ Res 2017; 159:276-282. [PMID: 28825981 PMCID: PMC6309537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) is a pollutant of global concern. While there is a need to gauge early-life exposures, there remain outstanding ethical, financial, and practical challenges with using the preferred biomarker, whole blood, notably in pregnant women, infants, toddlers, and children. Dried bloodspots (DBS) may help overcome some of these challenges. Notably DBS are collected from newborns in many jurisdictions offering an institutionalized platform to efficiently characterize exposures. OBJECTIVE To develop, validate, and apply a new method to measure MeHg levels in DBS with a specific aim to use this method to increase understanding of newborn exposures. METHODS Method development and validation was pursued by consulting U.S. EPA Method 1630 and other resources. The method was applied to measure MeHg levels in DBS from newborns (n = 675) from the Michigan BioTrust for Health program. RESULTS The assay's detection limit (0.3μg/L), accuracy (96-115% of expected), precision, linearity, and range met performance criteria guidelines. In the newborn DBS samples, the mean (SD) and geometric mean values of MeHg were 1.46 (0.90) and 1.25μg/L respectively, and ranged from 0.09 to 9.97μg/L. The values we report here are similar to cord blood mercury values reported elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS This is the first characterization of MeHg exposure in newborns, and thus fills an important data gap as prior studies have focused on pregnant women, cord blood, or toddlers. This method helps overcome technical challenges associated with other proposed approaches, and moving ahead there is great promise for applying this DBS-based method for population-level surveillance, particularly in resource-limited settings and for children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jenny W L Eng
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Perkins
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Santa-Rios
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gordana Martincevic
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krystin Carlson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard L Neitzel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yin R, Zhang W, Sun G, Feng Z, Hurley JP, Yang L, Shang L, Feng X. Mercury risk in poultry in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:810-816. [PMID: 28734262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in muscles (leg and breast), organs (intestine, heart, stomach, liver) and blood were investigated for backyard chickens, ducks and geese of the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. THg in poultry meat products range from 7.9 to 3917.1 ng/g, most of which exceeded the Chinese national standard limit for THg in meat (50 ng/g). Elevated MeHg concentrations (0.4-62.8 ng/g) were also observed in meat products, suggesting that poultry meat can be an important human MeHg exposure source. Ducks and geese showed higher Hg levels than chickens. For all poultry species, the highest Hg concentrations were observed in liver (THg: 23.2-3917.1 ng/g; MeHg: 7.1-62.8 ng/g) and blood (THg: 12.3-338.0 ng/g; MeHg: 1.4-17.6 ng/g). We estimated the Hg burdens in chickens (THg: 15.3-238.1 μg; MeHg: 2.2-15.6 μg), ducks (THg: 15.3-238.1 μg; MeHg: 3.5-14.7 μg) and geese (THg: 83.8-93.4 μg; MeHg: 15.4-29.7 μg). To not exceed the daily intake limit for THg (34.2 μg/day) and MeHg (6 μg/day), we suggested that the maximum amount (g) for chicken leg, breast, heart, stomach, intestine, liver, and blood should be 1384, 1498, 2315, 1214, 1081, 257, and 717, respectively; the maximum amount (g) for duck leg, breast, heart, stomach, intestine, liver, and blood should be 750, 1041, 986, 858, 752, 134, and 573, respectively; and the maximum amount (g) for goose leg, breast, heart, stomach, intestine, liver, and blood should be 941, 1051, 1040, 1131, 964, 137, and 562, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan Province 454000, China
| | - James P Hurley
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Liyuan Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lihai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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Lee S, Tan YM, Phillips MB, Sobus JR, Kim S. Estimating Methylmercury Intake for the General Population of South Korea Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:6-15. [PMID: 28903490 PMCID: PMC6145084 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS 2009-2011) tracks levels of environmental pollutants in biological samples from the adult Korean population (age 19-88). Recent survey results for blood mercury (Hg) suggest some exceedance above existing blood Hg reference levels. Because total blood Hg represents both organic and inorganic forms, and methylmercury (MeHg) has been specifically linked to several adverse health outcomes, a need exists to quantify MeHg intake for this population. Gender, age, and frequency of fish consumption were first identified as important predictors of KoNEHS blood Hg levels using generalized linear models. Stratified distributions of total blood Hg were then used to estimate distributions of blood MeHg using fractions of MeHg to total Hg from the literature. Next, a published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to predict distributions of blood MeHg as a function of MeHg intake; ratios of MeHg intake to model-predicted blood MeHg were then combined with KoNEHS-based blood MeHg values to produce MeHg intake estimates. These intake estimates were ultimately compared with the Reference Dose (RfD) for MeHg (0.1 µg/kg/day) and reported as margin of exposure (MOE) estimates for specific KoNEHS subgroups. The derived MOEs across all subgroups, based on estimated geometric mean intake, ranged from 1.6 to 4.1. These results suggest MeHg exposures approaching the RfD for several subgroups of the Korean population, and not just for specific subgroups (eg, those who eat fish very frequently).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Martin B Phillips
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Jon R Sobus
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Monastero RN, Karimi R, Nyland JF, Harrington J, Levine K, Meliker JR. Mercury exposure, serum antinuclear antibodies, and serum cytokine levels in the Long Island Study of Seafood Consumption: A cross-sectional study in NY, USA. Environ Res 2017; 156:334-340. [PMID: 28390301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a well-known neurotoxin, and has been more recently studied specifically as an immunotoxin. In experimental and a few epidemiologic studies, Hg has been associated with distinct cytokine profiles and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity, though patterns at lower levels of exposure, typical of seafood consumers with a western diet, are not well characterized. Seafood consumers (n=287) recruited on Long Island, NY completed food frequency and health questionnaires and provided blood for analysis of Hg, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids), selenium (Se), ANA, and several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-1ra). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between serum Hg and cytokines and ANA. Adjusted models accounted for gender, age, ethnicity, income, education, smoking, BMI, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and fish intake. Sex-stratified models were also generated with the expectation that immune profiles would differ between women and men. Median blood Hg was 4.58µg/L with 90th %ile =19.8µg/L. Nine individuals displayed ANA positivity at serum titers above 1:80; many of the cytokines were below detection limits, and the ability to detect was used in the logistic regression analyses. In linear and logistic regression analyses, Hg was not significantly associated with any of the seven investigated cytokines or with ANA-positivity. Therefore, Hg was not associated with altered immune profiles in this population of seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Monastero
- Undergraduate Studies, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, United States of America; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, United States of America.
| | - Roxanne Karimi
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, United States of America; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States of America; Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer F Nyland
- Salisbury University Department of Biological Sciences, Henson Science Hall, 232, Salisbury, MD 21801, United States of America.
| | - James Harrington
- RTI International, Trace Inorganics Laboratory, RTP, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Keith Levine
- RTI International, Trace Inorganics Laboratory, RTP, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, United States of America; Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States of America; Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, United States of America; Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, United States of America.
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25
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Oulhote Y, Debes F, Vestergaard S, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Aerobic Fitness and Neurocognitive Function Scores in Young Faroese Adults and Potential Modification by Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:677-683. [PMID: 27611346 PMCID: PMC5381980 DOI: 10.1289/ehp274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to methylmercury was shown to decrease neural stem cell populations, whereas aerobic fitness has beneficial effects on the adult brain that relies on improved neurogenesis in the hippocampus. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between aerobic fitness and neurocognitive outcomes at young adult age, along with the potential moderating effect of prenatal exposure to methylmercury. METHODS At age 22 years, 262 members of a Faroese birth cohort, established in 1986-1987, underwent a graded exercise test of aerobic fitness to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max). Their prenatal methylmercury exposure had been assessed from the mercury concentration in cord blood. We estimated cross-sectional associations between VO2Max and multiple measures of neurocognitive function. In addition, we compared groups with low and high prenatal methylmercury exposure. RESULTS A 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in VO2Max was associated with better scores on short-term memory and cognitive processing speed by 0.21 SD (95% CI: -0.04, 0.46) and 0.28 SD (95% CI: 0.02, 0.54), respectively. In the group with lower prenatal methylmercury exposure, a 1 SD increase in VO2Max was associated with increased scores on cognitive processing speed by 0.45 SD (95% CI: 0.08, 0.81) and with a slightly lesser benefit in short-term memory. No such association was observed in the group with high prenatal methylmercury exposure. CONCLUSIONS Higher aerobic capacity was associated with better performance in short-term memory and processing speed. However, prenatal methylmercury exposure seemed to attenuate these positive associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wells EM, Herbstman JB, Lin YH, Hibbeln JR, Halden RU, Witter FR, Goldman LR. Methyl mercury, but not inorganic mercury, associated with higher blood pressure during pregnancy. Environ Res 2017; 154:247-252. [PMID: 28110211 PMCID: PMC5328834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies addressing associations between mercury and blood pressure have produced inconsistent findings; some of this may result from measuring total instead of speciated mercury. This cross-sectional study of 263 pregnant women assessed total mercury, speciated mercury, selenium, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in umbilical cord blood and blood pressure during labor and delivery. Models with a) total mercury or b) methyl and inorganic mercury were evaluated. Regression models adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, neighborhood income, parity, smoking, n-3 fatty acids and selenium. Geometric mean total, methyl, and inorganic mercury concentrations were 1.40µg/L (95% confidence interval: 1.29, 1.52); 0.95µg/L (0.84, 1.07); and 0.13µg/L (0.10, 0.17), respectively. Elevated systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure were found, respectively, in 11.4%, 6.8%, and 19.8% of mothers. In adjusted multivariable models, a one-tertile increase of methyl mercury was associated with 2.83mmHg (0.17, 5.50) higher systolic blood pressure and 2.99mmHg (0.91, 5.08) higher pulse pressure. In the same models, an increase of one tertile of inorganic mercury was associated with -1.18mmHg (-3.72, 1.35) lower systolic blood pressure and -2.51mmHg (-4.49, -0.53) lower pulse pressure. No associations were observed with diastolic pressure. There was a non-significant trend of higher total mercury with higher systolic blood pressure. We observed a significant association of higher methyl mercury with higher systolic and pulse pressure, yet higher inorganic mercury was significantly associated with lower pulse pressure. These results should be confirmed with larger, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Hong Lin
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Frank R Witter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldman
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Hu XF, Laird BD, Chan HM. Mercury diminishes the cardiovascular protective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the modern diet of Inuit in Canada. Environ Res 2017; 152:470-477. [PMID: 27297029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inuit in Canada have low reported incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) because of their traditional rich n-3 fatty acids marine diet. They are experiencing rapid nutrition transition and ischemic heart disease is now becoming a health concern. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to describe the modern Inuit diet, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and methyl mercury (MeHg) intake and estimate their contributions to the risk of MI. We also estimated the effect of promoting the consumption of more traditional food on Inuit's MI risk. METHODS We estimated the effect of Inuit diet on MI risk with modelling. Model formulas and assumptions were extracted from various epidemiology studies and literatures. International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (IHS) was a comprehensive health and nutrition survey conducted in 2007-8 with 2072 participants (aged 18-79) in Canada. Traditional food intake, blood biomarkers values from the IHS served as the baseline parameters of model input. RESULTS Inuit traditional diet contained both high level of EPA, DHA and MeHg and their combined net effect was estimated to reduce the relative risk of MI by 1% for men and 2% for women. Arctic char meat provided the largest amount of EPA and DHA. Ringed seal liver was the main source for MeHg. Increase intake of selected fish, like salmon, herring and Arctic char by 75g per day can reduce the relative risk of MI (RR 0.70, 0.78 and 0.90 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the Inuit diet, the beneficial effect on MI of EPA and DHA is diminished by the adverse effect of MeHg. Promoting the increase consumption of fish species with high EPA+DHA and low MeHg may help to prevent MI among Inuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brian D Laird
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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Sakamoto M, Kakita A, Domingo JL, Yamazaki H, Oliveira RB, Sarrazin SLF, Eto K, Murata K. Stable and episodic/bolus patterns of methylmercury exposure on mercury accumulation and histopathologic alterations in the nervous system. Environ Res 2017; 152:446-453. [PMID: 27450633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to compare the blood and brain mercury (Hg) accumulation and neurological alterations in adult male and pregnant female/fetal rats following stable and episodic/bolus patterns of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. In addition, MeHg accumulation in the human body was estimated by a one-compartment model using three different patterns of MeHg exposure. In the adult male rat experiment, doses of 0.3 and 1.5mg MeHg/kg/day were orally administered to the stable groups for 5 weeks, while 7-fold higher doses of 2.1 and 10.5mg MeHg/kg/once a week were administered to the bolus groups. The blood Hg levels increased constantly in the stable groups, but increased with repeated waves in the bolus groups. At completion of the experiment, there were no significant differences in the brain Hg concentrations or neurological alterations between the stable and bolus groups, when the total doses of MeHg were the same. In the pregnant female rat experiment, a dose of 1mg MeHg/kg/day was administered orally to the stable group for 20 days (until 1day before expected parturition), while a 5-fold higher dose of 5mg MeHg/kg/once every 5 days was administered to the bolus group. In the brains of the maternal/fetal rats, there were no significant differences in the Hg concentrations and neurological alterations between the stable and bolus groups. The mean Hg concentrations in the fetal brains were approximately 2-fold higher than those in the maternal brains for both stable and bolus groups. Using the one-compartment model, the Hg accumulation curves in humans at doses of 7µg MeHg/day, 48µg MeHg/once a week, and 96µg MeHg/once every 2 weeks were estimated to be similar, while the bolus groups showed dose-dependent amplitudes of repeated waves. These results suggest that stable and episodic/bolus patterns of MeHg exposure do not cause differences in Hg accumulation in the blood and brain, or in neurological alterations, when the total doses are the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineshi Sakamoto
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan; Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, ICED-PPGBIO-PPGRNA-LABBEX, Santarém, Brazil.
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat "Rovira I Virgili", Reus, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo B Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, ICED-PPGBIO-PPGRNA-LABBEX, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Sandra L F Sarrazin
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, ICED-PPGBIO-PPGRNA-LABBEX, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Komyo Eto
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hong C, Yu X, Liu J, Cheng Y, Rothenberg SE. Low-level methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion in a cohort of pregnant mothers in rural China. Environ Res 2016; 150:519-527. [PMID: 27423706 PMCID: PMC5003649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice ingestion is an important dietary exposure pathway for methylmercury. There are few studies concerning prenatal methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion, yet the health risks are greatest to the developing fetus, and thus should be investigated. OBJECTIVES Our main objective was to quantify dietary methylmercury intake through rice and fish/shellfish ingestion among pregnant mothers living in southern China, where rice was a staple food and mercury contamination was considered minimal. METHODS A total of 398 mothers were recruited at parturition, who donated scalp hair and blood samples. Total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations were measured in biomarkers, in rice samples from each participant's home, and in fish tissue purchased from local markets. Additional fish/shellfish mercury concentrations were obtained from a literature search. Dietary methylmercury intake during the third trimester was equivalent to the ingestion rate for rice (or fish/shellfish)×the respective methylmercury concentration. RESULTS Dietary methylmercury intake from both rice and fish/shellfish ingestion averaged 1.2±1.8µg/day (median=0.79µg/day, range=0-22µg/day), including on average 71% from rice ingestion (median: 87%, range: 0-100%), and 29% from fish/shellfish consumption (median 13%, range: 0-100%). Median concentrations of hair total mercury, hair methylmercury, and blood total mercury were 0.40µg/g (range: 0.08-1.7µg/g), 0.28µg/g (range: 0.01-1.4µg/g), and 1.2µg/L (range: 0.29-8.6µg/L), respectively, and all three biomarkers were positively correlated with dietary methylmercury intake through rice ingestion (Spearman's rho=0.18-0.21, p≤0.0005), although the correlations were weak. In contrast, biomarkers were not correlated with fish/shellfish methylmercury intake (Spearman's rho=0.04-0.08, p=0.11-0.46). CONCLUSIONS Among pregnant mothers living in rural inland China, rice ingestion contributed to prenatal methylmercury exposure, more so than fish/shellfish ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, XinHua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Sarah E Rothenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Parajuli RP, Goodrich JM, Chou HN, Gruninger SE, Dolinoy DC, Franzblau A, Basu N. Genetic polymorphisms are associated with hair, blood, and urine mercury levels in the American Dental Association (ADA) study participants. Environ Res 2016; 149:247-258. [PMID: 26673400 PMCID: PMC4897752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mercury (Hg) is a potent toxicant of concern to the general public. Recent studies suggest that several genes that mediate Hg metabolism are polymorphic. We hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in such genes may underline inter-individual differences in exposure biomarker concentrations. METHODS Dental professionals were recruited during the American Dental Association (ADA) 2012 Annual Meeting. Samples of hair, blood, and urine were collected for quantifying Hg levels and genotyping (88 SNPs in classes relevant to Hg toxicokinetics including glutathione metabolism, selenoproteins, metallothioneins, and xenobiotic transporters). Questionnaires were administrated to obtain information on demographics and sources of Hg exposure (e.g., fish consumption and use of dental amalgam). Here, we report results for 380 participants with complete genotype and Hg biomarker datasets. ANOVA and linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Mean (geometric) Hg levels in hair (hHg), blood (bHg), urine (uHg), and the average estimated Hg intake from fish were 0.62µg/g, 3.75µg/L, 1.32µg/L, and 0.12µg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Out of 88 SNPs successfully genotyped, Hg biomarker levels differed by genotype for 25 SNPs, one of which remained significant following Bonferroni correction in ANOVA. When the associations between sources of Hg exposure and SNPs were analyzed with respect to Hg biomarker concentrations, 38 SNPs had significant main effects and/or gene-Hg exposure source interactions. Twenty-five, 23, and four SNPs showed significant main effects and/or interactions for hHg, bHg, and uHg levels, respectively (p<0.05), and six SNPs (in GCLC, MT1M, MT4, ATP7B, and BDNF) remained significant following Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that polymorphisms in environmentally-responsive genes can influence Hg biomarker levels. Hence, consideration of such gene-environment factors may improve the ability to assess the health risks of Hg more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Parajuli
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Unisiversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Unisiversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Alfred Franzblau
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Unisiversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Unisiversity of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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31
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Sakamoto M, Murata K, Domingo JL, Yamamoto M, Oliveira RB, Kawakami S, Nakamura M. Implications of mercury concentrations in umbilical cord tissue in relation to maternal hair segments as biomarkers for prenatal exposure to methylmercury. Environ Res 2016; 149:282-287. [PMID: 27156841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how mercury (Hg) concentrations in umbilical cord tissue are correlated with those in biomarkers for prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). Total Hg (T-Hg) concentrations were measured in 54 mother-child paired samples of maternal blood, umbilical cord tissue, cord blood, and maternal hair segments (1-cm incremental segments from the scalp) collected at parturition. MeHg concentrations were also measured in the cord tissue. Median T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in cord tissue on a dry-weight basis (d.w.) were 62.2ng/g and 56.7ng/g, respectively. Proportions of MeHg to T-Hg were approximately 95%. Both T-Hg and MeHg in cord tissue (d.w.) showed better correlations with T-Hg in cord blood than did T-Hg in cord tissue on a wet-weight basis (w.w.). Median T-Hg concentrations in maternal blood, cord blood, and maternal hair (0-1cm from the scalp) were 3.79ng/g, 7.26ng/g, and 1.35 μg/g, respectively. Median T-Hg concentration in cord blood was 1.92 times higher than that in maternal blood. T-Hg in cord tissue (d.w.) showed a strong correlation with that in cord blood (r=0.912, p<0.01). Among the hair segments, T-Hg in cord tissue (d.w.) showed the strongest correlation (r=0.854, p<0.01) with that in maternal hair at 0-1cm from the scalp, reflecting growth for approximately 1 month before parturition. Based on the present results, T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in cord tissue may be useful biomarkers for prenatal MeHg exposure of the fetus, especially reflecting the maternal MeHg body burden during late gestation. The conversion factors for T-Hg and MeHg concentrations in cord tissue (d.w.) to T-Hg concentrations in maternal hair (0-1cm from the scalp) were calculated to be 22.37 and 24.09, respectively. This information will be useful for evaluating maternal MeHg exposure levels in retrospective studies using preserved umbilical cord tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineshi Sakamoto
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukuda Hospital, Kumamoto 860-0004, Japan.
| | | | - José L Domingo
- School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat "Rovira I Virgili", Reus, Spain
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | | | - Shoichi Kawakami
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukuda Hospital, Kumamoto 860-0004, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
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Yu MS, Eng ML, Williams TD, Basu N, Elliott JE. Acute embryotoxic effects but no long-term reproductive effects of in ovo methylmercury exposure in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1534-1540. [PMID: 26573953 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mercury bioaccumulates in terrestrial ecosystems as methylmercury (MeHg), yet little is known about its effects on terrestrial organisms, including songbirds. The authors used a model songbird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), to assess short-term embryotoxic effects of in ovo MeHg exposure on hatching success and posthatching growth and nestling survival, as well as longer-term effects on mating behavior and reproduction. Egg treatment groups included a low-MeHg dose of 0.2 μg Hg g(-1) egg (n = 36), a high-MeHg dose of 3.2 μg Hg g(-1) egg (n = 49), and a control (n = 34). Doses were dissolved in nanopure filtered water and injected into the albumen on the day eggs showed signs of viability (3 d incubation). In ovo exposure to MeHg significantly reduced hatching success (53% in the high-MeHg dose group vs 94% in vehicle controls). Among hatched chicks, however, no effects of MeHg on growth, hematological variables, or nestling survival were detected. While the in ovo injection method resulted in a dose-dependent pattern of MeHg concentrations in blood of surviving chicks at 15 d and 30 d posthatching, there was evidence of rapid excretion of MeHg with nestling age during that growth period. At reproductive maturity (90 d of age), no long-term effects of in ovo exposure to MeHg on female mating behavior, reproductive effort (egg or clutch size), or growth and survivorship of offspring were observed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1534-1540. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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Yorifuji T, Kado Y, Diez MH, Kishikawa T, Sanada S. Neurological and neurocognitive functions from intrauterine methylmercury exposure. Arch Environ Occup Health 2016; 71:170-177. [PMID: 26267674 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2015.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the 1950s, large-scale food poisoning caused by methylmercury was identified in Minamata, Japan. Although severe intrauterine exposure cases (ie, congenital Minamata disease patients) are well known, possible impacts of methylmercury exposure in utero among residents, which is likely at lower levels than in congenital Minamata disease patients, are rarely explored. In 2014, the authors examined neurological and neurocognitive functions among 18 exposed participants in Minamata, focusing on fine motor, visuospatial construction, and executive functions. More than half of the participants had some fine motor and coordination difficulties. In addition, several participants had lower performance for neurocognitive function tests (the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test and Keio version of the Wisconsin card sorting test). These deficits imply diffuse brain damage. This study suggests possible neurological and neurocognitive impacts of prenatal exposure to methylmercury among exposed residents of Minamata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yorifuji
- a Department of Human Ecology , Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoko Kado
- b Department of Psychology , Faculty of Letters, Kansai University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Midory Higa Diez
- a Department of Human Ecology , Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- c Department of Epidemiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Satoshi Sanada
- d Department of Special Education , Faculty of Education, Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
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34
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Wells EM, Herbstman JB, Lin YH, Jarrett J, Verdon CP, Ward C, Caldwell KL, Hibbeln JR, Witter FR, Halden RU, Goldman LR. Cord Blood Methylmercury and Fetal Growth Outcomes in Baltimore Newborns: Potential Confounding and Effect Modification by Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Selenium, and Sex. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:373-9. [PMID: 26115160 PMCID: PMC4786979 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) may affect fetal growth; however, prior research often lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the relationship between MeHg and fetal growth as well as the potential for confounding or interaction of this relationship from speciated mercury, fatty acids, selenium, and sex. METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 271 singletons born in Baltimore, Maryland, 2004-2005. Umbilical cord blood was analyzed for speciated mercury, serum omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs), and selenium. Multivariable linear regression models controlled for gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, selenium, n-3 HUFAs, and inorganic mercury (IHg). RESULTS Geometric mean cord blood MeHg was 0.94 μg/L (95% CI: 0.84, 1.07). In adjusted models for ponderal index, βln(MeHg) = -0.045 (g/cm(3)) × 100 (95% CI: -0.084, -0.005). There was no evidence of a MeHg × sex interaction with ponderal index. Contrastingly, there was evidence of a MeHg × n-3 HUFAs interaction with birth length [among low n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = 0.40 cm, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.81; among high n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.54, 0.25; p-interaction = 0.048] and head circumference [among low n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = 0.01 cm, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.29; among high n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = -0.37, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.10; p-interaction = 0.042]. The association of MeHg with birth weight and ponderal index was affected by n-3 HUFAs, selenium, and IHg. For birth weight, βln(MeHg) without these variables was -16.8 g (95% CI: -75.0, 41.3) versus -29.7 (95% CI: -93.9, 34.6) with all covariates. Corresponding values for ponderal index were -0.030 (g/cm(3)) × 100 (95% CI: -0.065, 0.005) and -0.045 (95% CI: -0.084, -0005). CONCLUSION We observed an association of increased MeHg with decreased ponderal index. There is evidence for interaction between MeHg and n-3 HUFAs; infants with higher MeHg and n-3 HUFAs had lower birth length and head circumference. These results should be verified with additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Address correspondence to E.M. Wells, Purdue University, School of Health Sciences; Hampton Hall of Civil Engineering 1269; 550 Stadium Mall Dr.; West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Telephone: (765) 496-3535. E-mail:
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffery Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carl P. Verdon
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia Ward
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Caldwell
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank R. Witter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rolf U. Halden
- Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Lynn R. Goldman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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35
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Kioumourtzoglou MA, Roberts AL, Nielsen F, Tworoger SS, Grandjean P, Weisskopf MG. Within-person reproducibility of red blood cell mercury over a 10- to 15-year period among women in the Nurses' Health Study II. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2016; 26:219-23. [PMID: 25492240 PMCID: PMC4465060 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most epidemiologic studies of methylmercury (MeHg) health effects rely on a single measurement of a MeHg biomarker to assess long-term exposures. Long-term reproducibility data are, therefore, needed to assess the reliability of a single measure to reflect long-term exposures. In this study, we assessed within-person reproducibility of red blood cell (RBC) mercury (Hg), a marker of methyl-mercury, over 10-15 years in a sample of 57 women. Fifty-seven women from the Nurses' Health Study II provided two blood samples 10-15-years apart (median: 12 years), which were analyzed for mercury levels in the red blood cells (B-Hg*). To characterize within-person reproducibility, we estimated correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients (r and ICC) across the two samples. Further, we compared different prediction models, including variables on fish and seafood consumption, for B-Hg* at the first sample, using leave-one-out cross-validation to assess predictive ability. Overall, we observed strong correlations over 10-15 years (r=0.69), as well as a high ICC (0.67; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.79). Fish and seafood consumption reported concurrently with the first B-Hg* sample accounted for 26.8% of the variability in that B-Hg*, giving a correlation of r=0.52. Despite decreasing B-Hg* levels over time, we observed strong correlations and high ICC estimates across B-Hg* measured 10-15 years apart, suggesting good relative within-person stability over time. Our results indicate that a single measurement of B-Hg* likely is adequate to represent long-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea L Roberts
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Silva de Paula E, Carneiro MFH, Grotto D, Hernandes LC, Antunes LMG, Barbosa F. Protective effects of niacin against methylmercury-induced genotoxicity and alterations in antioxidant status in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; 79:174-183. [PMID: 26914397 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1137264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential beneficial effects of niacin (NA; vitamin B3) supplementation in rats chronically exposed to methylmercury (MeHg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n = 6): Group I, control, received distilled water by gavage; Group II, received MeHg (100 µg/kg/d) by gavage; Group III, received NA (50 mg/kg/d) in drinking water; Group IV, received MeHg (100 µg/kg/d) by gavage + NA (50 mg/kg/d) in drinking water. Biochemical parameters levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions, and enzyme activities aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were determined. Further, oxidative stress markers activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide, were examined, and the comet assay was performed, using blood/plasma. Hg levels were measured in blood, brain, and kidneys of animals. Our results demonstrated that NA reduced adverse effects produced by MeHg. The mechanism underlying these effects appears to be related to the intrinsic antioxidant potential of NA. Considering the beneficial effects attributed to NA following MeHg exposure and that fish are the main source of both NA and MeHg, future studies need to evaluate the potential counteractive effect of NA against the adverse consequences of MeHg exposure in fish-eating populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Silva de Paula
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Monte Alegre , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Monte Alegre , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade de Sorocaba , Sorocaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lívia Cristina Hernandes
- c Laboratório de Nutrigenômica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Monte Alegre , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- c Laboratório de Nutrigenômica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Monte Alegre , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Monte Alegre , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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Goodrich JM, Chou HN, Gruninger SE, Franzblau A, Basu N. Exposures of dental professionals to elemental mercury and methylmercury. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2016; 26:78-85. [PMID: 26329138 PMCID: PMC4689636 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exposure, a worldwide public health concern, predominantly takes two forms--methylmercury from fish consumption and elemental Hg from dental amalgam restorations. We recruited 630 dental professionals from an American Dental Association meeting to assess Hg body burden and primary sources of exposure in a dually exposed population. Participants described occupational practices and fish consumption patterns via questionnaire. Hg levels in biomarkers of elemental Hg (urine) and methylmercury (hair and blood) were measured with a Direct Mercury Analyzer-80 and were higher than the general US population. Geometric means (95% CI) were 1.28 (1.19-1.37) μg/l in urine, 0.60 (0.54-0.67) μg/g in hair and 3.67 (3.38-3.98) μg/l in blood. In multivariable linear regression, personal amalgams predicted urine Hg levels along with total years in dentistry, amalgams handled, working hours and sex. Fish consumption patterns predicted hair and blood Hg levels, which were higher among Asians compared with Caucasians. Five species contributed the majority of the estimated Hg intake from fish--swordfish, fresh tuna, white canned tuna, whitefish and king mackerel. When studying populations with occupational exposure to Hg, it is important to assess environmental exposures to both elemental Hg and methylmercury as these constitute a large proportion of total exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Alfred Franzblau
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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38
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Gaskin J, Rennie C, Coyle D. Reducing Periconceptional Methylmercury Exposure: Cost-Utility Analysis for a Proposed Screening Program for Women Planning a Pregnancy in Ontario, Canada. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:1337-1344. [PMID: 26024213 PMCID: PMC4671232 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of neurodevelopmental effects in children associated with prenatal methylmercury exposure, from contaminated fish and seafood in the maternal diet, has recently been strengthened by adjustment for the negative confounding resulting from co-exposure to beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of a periconceptional screening program of blood mercury concentration for women planning to become pregnant in Ontario, Canada. Fish intake recommendations would be provided for those found to have blood mercury levels above the intervention threshold. METHODS Analysis was conducted using a combined decision tree/Markov model to compare the proposed screening intervention with standard care from a societal perspective over a lifetime horizon. We used the national blood mercury distributions of women 20-49 years of age reported in the Canadian Health Measures Survey from 2009 through 2011 to determine the cognitive deficits associated with prenatal methylmercury exposure for successful planned pregnancies. Outcomes modeled included the loss in quality of life and the remedial education costs. Value of information analysis was conducted to assess the underlying uncertainty around the model results and to identify which parameters contribute most to this uncertainty. RESULTS The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for the proposed screening intervention was estimated to be Can$18,051, and the expected value for a willingness to pay of Can$50,000/QALY to be Can$0.61. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the proposed periconceptional blood mercury screening program for women planning a pregnancy would be highly cost-effective from a societal perspective. The results of a value of information analysis confirm the robustness of the study's conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Gaskin
- Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lei HL, Wei HJ, Chen PH, Hsi HC, Chien LC. Preliminary study of blood methylmercury effects on reproductive hormones and relevant factors among infertile and pregnant women in Taiwan. Chemosphere 2015; 135:411-417. [PMID: 26002048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most poisonous mercury species and an endocrine-disrupting chemical that could cause reproductive and developmental harm effects in animals. In this study, we recruited 310 infertile women and 57 pregnant women and investigated their blood MeHg levels. The distribution of blood reproductive hormone, selenium and zinc levels, and the difference of relevant factors by the reference level of blood MeHg (5.8 μg/L) of infertile women were further examined. Results showed that greater percentages of sashimi consumption, frequencies of Chinese herbal medicine use, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity were observed in infertile women than those for pregnant women. Blood MeHg concentration was significantly greater in infertile than that in pregnant women. Significant concentration differences for FSH and LH by the dichotomized reference level of blood MeHg (5.8 μg/L) in infertile women were not observed, which may stem from that these reproductive hormones in participated infertile women were mostly in the normal reference range. Consumption of fish and sashimi represented the major source of MeHg exposure in infertile women. MeHg levels were elevated in infertile women, and consistent with fish consumption frequency. Compared to the referent level of blood MeHg levels <5.8 μg/L, the elevated blood MeHg levels (⩾5.8 μg/L) in infertile women were 3.35 and 4.42 folds risk in categorized frequencies of fish consumption 1-2 meals per week and more than 3 meals per week, respectively. The obtained results provide evidences and help updating the advisory of fish consumption and improving women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Lei
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Jui Wei
- Infertility Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei City 105, Taiwan; Xiamen EMBO Hospital, Fujian Province, China
| | - Po-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
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Li P, Feng X, Chan HM, Zhang X, Du B. Human Body Burden and Dietary Methylmercury Intake: The Relationship in a Rice-Consuming Population. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:9682-9689. [PMID: 26189659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice can be the main route of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure for rice-consuming populations living in area where mercury (Hg) is mined. However, the current risk assessment paradigm for MeHg exposure is based on epidemiological data collected from fish-consuming populations. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between dietary MeHg intake and human body burden in a rice -consuming population from the Wanshan Hg mining area in China. Hair MeHg concentrations averaged 2.07 ± 1.79 μg/g, and the average blood MeHg concentration across the study area ranged from 2.20 to 9.36 μg/L. MeHg constituted 52.8 ± 17.5% and 71.7 ± 18.2% of total Hg (THg) on average in blood and hair samples, respectively. Blood and hair MeHg concentrations, rather than THg, can be used as a proxy of human MeHg exposure. Hair MeHg levels showed no significant monthly variation; however, hair THg can be impacted by inorganic Hg exposure. The toxicokinetic model of MeHg exposure based on fish consumption underestimated the human hair MeHg levels, and this may be a consequence of the high hair-to-blood MeHg ratio (361 ± 105) in the studied rice-consuming population. The use of risk assessment models based on fish consumption may not be appropriate for inland mining areas where rice is the staple food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- †State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- †State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Hing-Man Chan
- ‡Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- §Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Buyun Du
- †State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- !!University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Kenow KP, Meyer MW, Rossmann R, Gray BR, Arts MT. Influence of in ovo mercury exposure, lake acidity, and other factors on common loon egg and chick quality in Wisconsin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1870-1880. [PMID: 26096773 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted in Wisconsin (USA) to characterize in ovo mercury (Hg) exposure in common loons (Gavia immer). Total Hg mass fractions ranged from 0.17 µg/g to 1.23 µg/g wet weight in eggs collected from nests on lakes representing a wide range of pH (5.0-8.1) and were modeled as a function of maternal loon Hg exposure and egg laying order. Blood total Hg mass fractions in a sample of loon chicks ranged from 0.84 µg/g to 3.86 µg/g wet weight at hatch. Factors other than mercury exposure that may have persistent consequences on development of chicks from eggs collected on low-pH lakes (i.e., egg selenium, calcium, and fatty acid mass fractions) do not seem to be contributing to reported differences in loon chick quality as a function of lake pH. However, it was observed that adult male loons holding territories on neutral-pH lakes were larger on average than those occupying territories on low-pH lakes. Differences in adult body size of common loons holding territories on neutral-versus low-pH lakes may have genetic implications for differences in lake-source-related quality (i.e., size) in chicks. The tendency for high in ovo Hg exposure and smaller adult male size to co-occur in low-pH lakes complicates the interpretation of the relative contributions of each to resulting chick quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Kenow
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael W Meyer
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald Rossmann
- Large Lakes Research Station, US Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse Ile, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian R Gray
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael T Arts
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ou L, Varian-Ramos CW, Cristol DA. Effect of laying sequence on egg mercury in captive zebra finches: an interpretation considering individual variation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1787-1792. [PMID: 25760460 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bird eggs are used widely as noninvasive bioindicators for environmental mercury availability. Previous studies, however, have found varying relationships between laying sequence and egg mercury concentrations. Some studies have reported that the mercury concentration was higher in first-laid eggs or declined across the laying sequence, whereas in other studies mercury concentration was not related to egg order. Approximately 300 eggs (61 clutches) were collected from captive zebra finches dosed throughout their reproductive lives with methylmercury (0.3 μg/g, 0.6 μg/g, 1.2 μg/g, or 2.4 μg/g wet wt in diet); the total mercury concentration (mean ± standard deviation [SD] dry wt basis) of their eggs was 7.03 ± 1.38 μg/g, 14.15 ± 2.52 μg/g, 26.85 ± 5.85 μg/g, and 49.76 ± 10.37 μg/g, respectively (equivalent to fresh wt egg mercury concentrations of 1.24 μg/g, 2.50 μg/g, 4.74 μg/g, and 8.79 μg/g). The authors observed a significant decrease in the mercury concentration of successive eggs when compared with the first egg and notable variation between clutches within treatments. The mercury level of individual females within and among treatments did not alter this relationship. Based on the results, sampling of a single egg in each clutch from any position in the laying sequence is sufficient for purposes of population risk assessment, but it is not recommended as a proxy for individual female exposure or as an estimate of average mercury level within the clutch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langbo Ou
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies, Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Cristol
- Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies, Department of Biology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
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Somers EC, Ganser MA, Warren JS, Basu N, Wang L, Zick SM, Park SK. Mercury Exposure and Antinuclear Antibodies among Females of Reproductive Age in the United States: NHANES. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:792-8. [PMID: 25665152 PMCID: PMC4529012 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation associated with mercury has been suggested, although data in the general population are lacking. Chronic exposure to low levels of methylmercury (organic) and inorganic mercury is common, such as through fish consumption and dental amalgams. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between mercury biomarkers and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity and titer strength. METHODS Among females 16-49 years of age (n = 1,352) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004, we examined cross-sectional associations between mercury and ANAs (indirect immunofluorescence; cutoff ≥ 1:80). Three biomarkers of mercury exposure were used: hair (available 1999-2000) and total blood (1999-2004) predominantly represented methylmercury, and urine (1999-2002) represented inorganic mercury. Survey statistics were used. Multivariable modeling adjusted for several covariates, including age and omega-3 fatty acids. RESULTS Sixteen percent of females were ANA positive; 96% of ANA positives had a nuclear speckled staining pattern. Geometric mean (geometric SD) mercury concentrations were 0.22 (0.03) ppm in hair, 0.92 (0.05) μg/L blood, and 0.62 (0.04) μg/L urine. Hair and blood, but not urinary, mercury were associated with ANA positivity (sample sizes 452, 1,352, and 804, respectively), after adjusting for confounders: for hair, odds ratio (OR) = 4.10 (95% CI: 1.66, 10.13); for blood, OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.07, 5.03) comparing highest versus lowest quantiles. Magnitudes of association were strongest for high-titer (≥ 1:1,280) ANA: hair, OR = 11.41 (95% CI: 1.60, 81.23); blood, OR = 5.93 (95% CI: 1.57, 22.47). CONCLUSIONS Methylmercury, at low levels generally considered safe, was associated with subclinical autoimmunity among reproductive-age females. Autoantibodies may predate clinical disease by years; thus, methylmercury exposure may be relevant to future autoimmune disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Somers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Iwai-Shimada M, Satoh H, Nakai K, Tatsuta N, Murata K, Akagi H. Methylmercury in the breast milk of Japanese mothers and lactational exposure of their infants. Chemosphere 2015; 126:67-72. [PMID: 25723533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The human fetus is known to be exposed to methylmercury (MeHg), but little is known about the risk of infant exposure via breast milk. To evaluate the lactational exposure to MeHg via breast milk in Japanese infants, the levels of total mercury (THg) and MeHg were determined in breast milk and maternal blood using samples from a birth cohort study at the Tohoku Study of Child Development. Maternal blood and breast milk were collected one day postpartum and one month after delivery, respectively. The median THg (and MeHg) concentrations in maternal RBCs, plasma and breast milk were 17.8 ng g(-1) (17.8 ng g(-1)), 1.51 ng g(-1) (1.33 ng g(-1)) and 0.81 ng g(-1) (0.45 ng g(-1)), respectively (n=27). The median percentage of MeHg in THg was 54% in breast milk. Breast milk contained substantial amounts of MeHg, which was strongly associated with the internal accumulation of MeHg and the lipid content of the milk (r=0.684). The range of lipid contents in milk varied widely from 0.50 to 6.60 g/100 g of milk, with a median of 3.60 g/100 g. The median (range) weekly average intake of MeHg via breast milk was estimated to be 0.63 μg kg(-1) (0.08-1.68 μg kg(-1)) BW/week. Because the MeHg and lipid contents in milk substantially fluctuate, an investigation of the variations of MeHg and lipid content in breast milk may be required for a more precise risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Environmental Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Environmental Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Murata
- Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Akagi
- International Mercury Laboratory Inc., Minamata, Kumamoto, Japan
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Tong YD, Ou LB, Chen L, Wang HH, Chen C, Wang XJ, Zhang W, Wang QG. Modeled methylmercury exposure and risk from rice consumption for vulnerable populations in a traditional fish-eating area in China. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1161-1168. [PMID: 25639888 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The circulation of rice from contaminated areas could escalate exposure risk from a local problem to a national issue and affect a wider population beyond the region of origin, as confirmed by the "Poison Rice Incident" in May 2013 in Guangzhou, China. In the present study, the authors established a food chain model based on the aquivalence method to identify major sources of methylmercury (MeHg), estimate the levels of MeHg, and quantify exposure to MeHg via rice and aquatic food consumption. Different types of organism samples from the Haihe River also were collected to verify the calculated values. The MeHg intake in pregnant women was 1529.1 ng/d from the aquatic food chain and as high as 2804.0 ng/d from rice, although the intake varied among scenarios. The maximum possible MeHg concentration in the blood of pregnant women was 5.21 µg/L, higher than the threshold value of MeHg recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (4.4 µg/L), which indicated that pregnant women could face risk from MeHg exposure. The authors also assessed the risk of MeHg exposure in pregnant women and their breastfed infants using a new index, HQEquivalent . In 4 scenarios, the HQEquivalent indices ranged from 0.42 to 1.18 for pregnant women and from 0.29 to 0.83 for breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Dong Tong
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Barcelos GRM, Souza MFD, Oliveira AÁSD, Lengert AVH, Oliveira MTD, Camargo RBDOG, Grotto D, Valentini J, Garcia SC, Braga GÚL, Cólus IMDS, Adeyemi J, Barbosa F. Effects of genetic polymorphisms on antioxidant status and concentrations of the metals in the blood of riverside Amazonian communities co-exposed to Hg and Pb. Environ Res 2015; 138:224-232. [PMID: 25728017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There have been reports of genetic effects affecting the metabolism of Hg and Pb individually, and thus modulating their toxicities. However, there is still a knowledge gap with respect to how genetics may influence the toxicities of these toxic metals during a co-exposure scenario. This present study is therefore aimed at investigating the effects of polymorphisms in genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GCLM, GCLC, GPx1, ALAD, VDR and MDR1) that have been implicated in Hg and Pb metabolisms affects the kinetics of these metals, as well as various blood antioxidant status parameters: MDA and GSH, and the activities of CAT, GPx and ALAD among populations that have been co-exposed to both Hg and Pb. Study subjects (207 men; 188 women) were from an Amazonian population in Brazil, exposed to Hg and Pb from diet. The blood levels of Hg and Pb were determined by ICP-MS while genotyping were performed by PCR assays. The median values of Hg and Pb in blood were 39.8µg/L and 11.0µg/dL, respectively. GSTM1, ALAD and VDR polymorphisms influenced Hg in blood (β=0.17; 0.37 and 0.17; respectively, p<0.050) while variations on GCLM, GSTT1 and MDR1 (TT) modulated the concentrations of Pb among the subjects (β=-0.14; 0.13 and -0.22; re-spectively, p<0.050). GSTT1 and GCLM polymorphisms also are associated to changes of MDA concentrations. Persons with null GSTM1 genotype had higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT than carries of the allele. Individuals with deletion of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 had a decreased expression of GPx compared to those that expressed at least, one of the enzymes. ALAD 1/2 subjects had lower ALAD activity than individuals with the non-variant genotype. Our findings give further support that polymorphisms related to Hg and Pb metabolism may modulate Hg and Pb body burden and, consequently metals-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marilesia Ferreira de Souza
- Department of General Biology, Center for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, CEP 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia Ávila Soares de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André van Helvoort Lengert
- Department of General Biology, Center for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, CEP 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tempesta de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Center for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, CEP 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Grotto
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Valentini
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, CEP 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Joseph Adeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494 Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Henry KA, Cristol DA, Varian-Ramos CW, Bradley EL. Oxidative stress in songbirds exposed to dietary methylmercury. Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:520-526. [PMID: 25519780 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-term, sublethal methylmercury exposure can cause reproductive depression, immune suppression, endocrine disruption and other problems in birds. We used two biomarkers to detect oxidative stress in livers of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) developmentally exposed to sublethal levels of dietary methylmercury (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 μg/g wet weight in diet). Our findings indicate that young adult finches exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury in ovo and through their diets, exhibited oxidative stress in their livers. We measured the ratio of the antioxidant glutathione in its reduced form (GSH) versus its oxidized form (GSSG) and the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme suite. Blood total mercury served as a proxy for liver mercury concentration, and was on average 8.4 times the dietary dose (e.g., birds consuming 0.6 μg/g had blood mercury levels of ~5 μg/g on a wet weight basis). Consistent with what is known from large, aquatic bird species, there was a significant, negative relationship between GSH/GSSG ratios and tissue mercury concentrations, which is indicative of oxidative stress. This relationship was driven by a significant increase in the oxidized glutathione in the livers of birds with higher blood mercury levels. SOD activity was also found to have a significant, negative relationship with blood mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Henry
- Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187-8795, USA
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Rothenberg SE, Korrick SA, Fayad R. The influence of obesity on blood mercury levels for U.S. non-pregnant adults and children: NHANES 2007-2010. Environ Res 2015; 138:173-80. [PMID: 25721244 PMCID: PMC4385493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal studies obesity is associated with higher blood and tissue mercury concentrations; however human studies are lacking. Although the mechanism underlying this association is uncertain, obesity may alter the metabolism and distribution of methylmercury. OBJECTIVES We determined whether obesity influenced blood mercury levels, the majority of which was methylmercury, for U.S. non-pregnant adults (≥20 years) and children (2-19 years) after controlling for methylmercury intake through fish and shellfish consumption, and other confounders. METHODS We completed secondary data analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2010) for participants who consumed fish/shellfish within 24h of blood collection for mercury analysis. Weighted least squares regression models related blood mercury levels (the dependent variable) to methylmercury exposure (μg) from fish consumed in the previous 24h, body mass index (BMI) (for adults), BMI z-scores (for children), and other confounders. RESULTS In adjusted models, blood mercury levels were inversely correlated with BMI for adults [β, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.54 (-0.90, -0.18)]. For children, blood mercury levels were inversely correlated with BMI z-scores but the trend was not significant [β (95% CI)=-0.016 (-0.066, 0.035)]. When obese adults or children were compared with those who were overweight/normal weight, blood mercury averaged 22% lower for obese adults (95% CI: -33%, -8.2%), while blood mercury did not differ significantly for obese children [β (95% CI)=-1.7% (-31%, +39%)]. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for the main, if not exclusive, exogenous source of methylmercury exposure (through fish/shellfish intake) and other confounders, our results support potential changes in the metabolism, distribution or excretion of methylmercury with increasing BMI (for adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rothenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raja Fayad
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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49
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Obi E, Okafor C, Igwebe A, Ebenebe J, Afonne OJ, Ifediata F, Orisakwe OE, Nriagu JO, Basu N. Elevated prenatal methylmercury exposure in Nigeria: evidence from maternal and cord blood. Chemosphere 2015; 119:485-489. [PMID: 25112573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury is a neurodevelopmental toxicant that is globally distributed though little is known about prenatal exposures in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the current study was to measure total mercury levels in cord blood and maternal blood from 95 mother-newborn pairs recruited from hospitals in Nnewi, Nigeria. The secondary aims of the study were to explore if demographic and dietary factors were associated with blood mercury levels, and to explore if mercury levels were associated with any self-reported health outcome and childbirth outcome. Maternal blood mercury levels averaged 3.6 μg L(-1) and ranged from 1.1 μg L(-1) to 9.5 μg L(-1). Cord blood mercury averaged 5.1 μg L(-1) and ranged from 1.2 μg L(-1) to 10.6 μg L(-1). The mean ratio of mercury in paired cord blood to maternal blood was 1.5 and it ranged from 0.4 to 3.2. Mercury in maternal and cord blood were significantly correlated (r=0.471). More than one-third of mothers reported eating fish at least once per day, and a weak (p=0.08) fish consumption-related increase in blood mercury was found. Cord blood mercury was positively and significantly associated with birth weight and length, and head and chest circumference. Mercury levels in 36% of the participants exceeded the biomonitoring guideline associated with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) reference dose for mercury. The study shows that pregnant women and their newborns are exposed to methylmercury and that their exposures are higher compared to general populations sampled from other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejeatuluchukwu Obi
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Charles Okafor
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Igwebe
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Joy Ebenebe
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | - Francis Ifediata
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jerome O Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Wang W, Evans RD, Hickie BE, Rouvinen-Watt K, Evans HE. Methylmercury accumulation and elimination in mink (Neovison vison) hair and blood: results of a controlled feeding experiment using stable isotope tracers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:2873-2880. [PMID: 25258205 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metals in hair are used often to develop pharmacokinetic models for both animals and humans. Although data on uptake are available, elimination kinetics are less well understood; stable isotope tracers provide an excellent tool for measuring uptake and elimination kinetics. In the present study, methylmercury concentrations through time were measured in the hair and blood of mink (Neovison vison) during a controlled 60-d feeding experiment. Thirty-four mink were fed a standard fish-based diet for 14 d, at the end of which (day 0), 4 mink were sacrificed to determine baseline methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations. From day 0 to day 10, the remaining mink were fed a diet consisting of the base diet supplemented with 0.513 ± 0.013 µg Me(199) Hg/g and 0.163 ± 0.003 µg Me(201) Hg/g. From day 10 to day 60, mink were fed the base diet supplemented with 0.175 ± 0.024 µg Me(201) Hg/g. Animals were sacrificed periodically to determine accumulation of Me(201) Hg in blood and hair over the entire 60-d period and the elimination of Me(199) Hg over the last 50 d. Hair samples, collected from each mink and cut into 2.0-mm lengths, indicate that both isotopes of MeHg appeared in the hair closest to the skin at approximately day 10, with concentrations in the hair reaching steady state from day 39 onward. The elimination rate of Me(199) Hg from the blood was 0.05/d, and the ratio of MeHg in the hair to blood was 119. A large fraction of MeHg (22% to >100%) was stored in the hair, suggesting that in fur-bearing mammals the hair is a major route of elimination of MeHg from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Programme, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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