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Newman JC, Malek AM, Hibbeln JR, Pregulman M, Burbelo GA, Turner TH, Marriott BP. Narcissism Is Not Associated With Success in U.S. Army Soldier Training. Mil Med 2024; 189:e766-e772. [PMID: 37738176 PMCID: PMC10898922 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Narcissism has been studied for its role in leadership using various versions of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Narcissism is described as having a "dark and negative" side as well as a "positive or bright" side. The bright side of narcissism, in particular, has been studied for its role in leadership. In studies among military personnel in Finland and Hungary, the NPI has been associated with positive leadership traits. We assessed if measures of narcissistic personality were predictive of entrance to and graduation from the Army Ranger Course among United States (U.S.) Army personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included the NPI as one of the measures in the Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid-bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3) study. RRIPP-3 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled dietary supplement intervention trial at Fort Benning, GA, that enrolled 555 officers when they entered the U.S. Army Infantry Basic Officer Leadership Course (IBOLC) with the intention to complete the U.S. Ranger School. RRIPP-3 volunteer participants consumed eight dietary supplements daily containing 2.3 g of omega-3 (krill oil) or macadamia nut oil (control) over a 20-week period. Blood spot samples were collected to monitor intake compliance. Cognitive functioning, resilience, and mood were assessed at approximately 14 and 16 weeks. Dietary intake was also assessed. The 40-item, forced-choice NPI was included to assess if three factors of narcissism: Leadership/Authority, Grandiose/Exhibitionism, and Entitlement/Exploitativeness measures of narcissistic personality were associated with entrance to and graduation from the Army Ranger Course. RESULTS Of the 555 soldiers enrolled in RRIPP-3, there were no statistically significant differences in the total NPI scores comparing U.S. Army IBOLC officers who enrolled (n = 225) versus did not enroll (n = 330, p = .649) or graduated (n = 95; versus did not graduate [n = 460, p = .451]) from the Ranger Course. None of the three-factor NPI subscales differed statistically comparing either enrollment in (p = .442, .510, and .589, respectively) or graduation from the Ranger Course (p = .814, .508, and .813, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although narcissism has been positively associated with military trainee success in other countries, we did not find an association between narcissism and trainee success among U.S. Army trainees, and accordingly the level of narcissism did not predict trainee success or failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Newman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Angela M Malek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Barton Health, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150, USA
| | - Marcie Pregulman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Travis H Turner
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bernadette P Marriott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Spiller P, van Wijngaarden E, Adams HR, Strain JJ, McSorley EM, Mulhern MS, Conway MC, Yeates AJ, Carrington C, Bolger PM, Morgan KM, Taylor CM, Ralston NVC, Crawford MA, Hibbeln JR, Brenna JT, Myers GJ. Net effects explains the benefits to children from maternal fish consumption despite methylmercury in fish. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:195-205. [PMID: 37866693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued precautionary advice to pregnant women to limit fish consumption over concern that the methylmercury content might harm their children's neurodevelopment. This concern was based largely on results from an epidemiological study of mothers primarily exposed to methylmercury from consuming pilot whale. Subsequently, FDA and the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) undertook independent assessments of fish consumption that considered net effects from both fish nutrients, primarily omega-3 fatty acids, as beneficial and methylmercury as harmful. Both assessments estimated that when mothers regularly consume fish during pregnancy, their children are likely to have improved neurodevelopment compared to children of non-fish eaters despite their exposure to methylmercury. These estimated improvements included gains of two to over five full scale IQ points from levels of maternal consumption that are achievable in most of the world. Consistent with those estimates, human research on fish consumption and child neurodevelopment from more than 200,000 mother-child pairs now collectively reports 51 beneficial associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes and three adverse associations, the latter with no discernable pattern. These associations include full scale IQ gains similar to, or somewhat higher than, those estimated by FDA and FAO/WHO. Also consistent with the FDA and FAO/WHO estimates, research has reported beneficial associations with fish consumption when pregnant women are exposed to methylmercury from fish in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reference Dose (RfD). Our analysis evaluates how the net effects approach as utilized by FDA and FAO/WHO provides a holistic explanation for these results with implications for public health policy. This concordance of net effects modeling and empirical scientific evidence supports a clarification of current public health recommendations to focus on greater fish consumption by pregnant women for their children's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spiller
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Heather R Adams
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marie C Conway
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Allison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Clark Carrington
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - P Michael Bolger
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Kara M Morgan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Rd, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Nicholas V C Ralston
- Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction. Imperial College, London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Room H 3, 34, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (retired), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Gary J Myers
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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Courville AB, Majchrzak-Hong S, Yang S, Turner S, Wilhite B, Ness Shipley K, Horneffer Y, Domenichiello AF, Schwandt M, Cutler RG, Chen KY, Hibbeln JR, Ramsden CE. Dietary linoleic acid lowering alone does not lower arachidonic acid or endocannabinoids among women with overweight and obesity: A randomized, controlled trial. Lipids 2023; 58:271-284. [PMID: 38100748 PMCID: PMC10767670 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The linoleic acid (LA)-arachidonic acid (ARA)-inflammatory axis suggests dietary LA lowering benefits health because it lowers ARA and ARA-derived endocannabinoids (ECB). Dietary LA reduction increases concentrations of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DHA derived ECB. The aim of this study was to examine targeted reduction of dietary LA, with and without EPA and DHA, on plasma EPA and DHA and ECB (2-arachidonoyl glycerol [2-AG], anandamide [AEA], and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide [DHA-EA]). Healthy, pre-menopausal women (n = 62, BMI 30 ± 3 kg/m2 , age 35 ± 7 years; mean ± SD) were randomized to three 12-week controlled diets: (1) high LA, low omega-3 EPA and DHA (H6L3); (2) low LA, low omega-3 EPA and DHA (L6L3); or (3) low LA, high omega-3 EPA and DHA (L6H3). Baseline plasma fatty acids and ECB were similar between diets. Starting at 4 weeks, L6L3 and L6H3 lowered plasma LA compared to H6L3 (p < 0.001). While plasma ARA changed from baseline by 8% in L6L3 and -8% in L6H3, there were no group differences. After 4 weeks, plasma EPA and DHA increased from baseline in women on the L6H3 diet (ps < 0.001) and were different than the H6L3 and L6L3 diets. No differences were found between diets for AEA or 2-AG, however, in L6L3 and L6H3, AEA increased by 14% (ps < 0.02). L6H3 resulted in 35% higher DHA-EA (p = 0.013) whereas no changes were seen with the other diets. Lowering dietary LA did not result in the expected changes in fatty acids associated with the LA-ARA inflammatory axis in women with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Courville
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon Majchrzak-Hong
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanna Yang
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Turner
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Breanne Wilhite
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Ness Shipley
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne Horneffer
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony F Domenichiello
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roy G Cutler
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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McPhilemy G, Byrne F, Waldron M, Hibbeln JR, Davis J, McDonald C, Hallahan B. A 52-week prophylactic randomised control trial of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:697-706. [PMID: 33340432 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous work suggests supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve mood symptoms in bipolar disorder (BD) although findings remain unclear. In this study, we assess the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA administration for prophylaxis in BD using a clinical trial design over 52-weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04210804). METHODS Individuals with BD (n = 80) were randomised to receive placebo (n = 40) or 1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus 1 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; n = 40) adjunctively for 52-weeks. The primary outcome measure comprised the number of mood episode relapses including hospital admissions and medication changes experienced. Secondary outcome measures included time to first mood episode relapse and change in psychometric measures of depression and elation (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale). RESULTS No significant differences in the number of mood episode relapses (U = 490.00, p = 0.14) or the number of individuals requiring admission to hospital (χ2 = 0.67, p = 0.41) or medication adjustment in the omega-3 PUFA compared to the placebo group were noted. Time to relapse was not significantly different between groups (Log Rank χ2 = 0.41, p = 0.52). Change in Young Manic Rating Scale (F(3.12, 152.86) = 2.71, p = 0.05) was significantly different between treatment groups over 12-months, with scores at 9-months and 12-months significantly lower than those at 3-months in the omega-3 group and not in the placebo group. Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Global Clinical Impression and Global Assessment of Functioning were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite a minor reduction in hypomania scores in the omega-3 PUFA group compared to placebo, we find little evidence that the supplementation of omega-3-PUFAs exhibits prophylactic benefit in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve McPhilemy
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway Ireland, Republic of Ireland.,Health Research Board - Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland Galway and University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fintan Byrne
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway Ireland, Republic of Ireland
| | - Mairead Waldron
- Health Research Board - Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland Galway and University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Colm McDonald
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway Ireland, Republic of Ireland.,Health Research Board - Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland Galway and University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway Ireland, Republic of Ireland.,Health Research Board - Clinical Research Facility Galway, National University of Ireland Galway and University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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5
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Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Horowitz M, Keyes GS, Yuan ZX, Miller V, Lynch C, Honvoh G, Park J, Levy R, Domenichiello AF, Johnston A, Majchrzak-Hong S, Hibbeln JR, Barrow DA, Loewke J, Davis JM, Mannes A, Palsson OS, Suchindran CM, Gaylord SA, Mann JD. Dietary alteration of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for headache reduction in adults with migraine: randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2021; 374:n1448. [PMID: 34526307 PMCID: PMC8244542 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dietary interventions that increase n-3 fatty acids with and without reduction in n-6 linoleic acid can alter circulating lipid mediators implicated in headache pathogenesis, and decrease headache in adults with migraine. DESIGN Three arm, parallel group, randomized, modified double blind, controlled trial. SETTING Ambulatory, academic medical center in the United States over 16 weeks. PARTICIPANTS 182 participants (88% women, mean age 38 years) with migraines on 5-20 days per month (67% met criteria for chronic migraine). INTERVENTIONS Three diets designed with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid altered as controlled variables: H3 diet (n=61)-increase EPA+DHA to 1.5 g/day and maintain linoleic acid at around 7% of energy; H3-L6 diet (n=61)-increase n-3 EPA+DHA to 1.5 g/day and decrease linoleic acid to ≤1.8% of energy; control diet (n=60)-maintain EPA+DHA at <150 mg/day and linoleic acid at around 7% of energy. All participants received foods accounting for two thirds of daily food energy and continued usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoints (week 16) were the antinociceptive mediator 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) in blood and the headache impact test (HIT-6), a six item questionnaire assessing headache impact on quality of life. Headache frequency was assessed daily with an electronic diary. RESULTS In intention-to-treat analyses (n=182), the H3-L6 and H3 diets increased circulating 17-HDHA (log ng/mL) compared with the control diet (baseline-adjusted mean difference 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.9; 0.7, 0.4 to 1.1, respectively). The observed improvement in HIT-6 scores in the H3-L6 and H3 groups was not statistically significant (-1.6, -4.2 to 1.0, and -1.5, -4.2 to 1.2, respectively). Compared with the control diet, the H3-L6 and H3 diets decreased total headache hours per day (-1.7, -2.5 to -0.9, and -1.3, -2.1 to -0.5, respectively), moderate to severe headache hours per day (-0.8, -1.2 to -0.4, and -0.7, -1.1 to -0.3, respectively), and headache days per month (-4.0, -5.2 to -2.7, and -2.0, -3.3 to -0.7, respectively). The H3-L6 diet decreased headache days per month more than the H3 diet (-2.0, -3.2 to -0.8), suggesting additional benefit from lowering dietary linoleic acid. The H3-L6 and H3 diets altered n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and several of their nociceptive oxylipin derivatives in plasma, serum, erythrocytes or immune cells, but did not alter classic headache mediators calcitonin gene related peptide and prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSIONS The H3-L6 and H3 interventions altered bioactive mediators implicated in headache pathogenesis and decreased frequency and severity of headaches, but did not significantly improve quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02012790.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth MacIntosh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Core, UNC Medical Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Horowitz
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory S Keyes
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Miller
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chanee Lynch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gilson Honvoh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Russell Levy
- Cytokine Analysis Core, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anthony F Domenichiello
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela Johnston
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Majchrzak-Hong
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Barrow
- Cytokine Analysis Core, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James Loewke
- Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chirayath M Suchindran
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan A Gaylord
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Douglas Mann
- Department of Neurology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Marriott BP, Turner TH, Hibbeln JR, Newman JC, Pregulman M, Malek AM, Malcolm RJ, Burbelo GA, Wismann JW. Impact of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Performance among United States (US) Military Officers: The Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid-Bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3) Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061854. [PMID: 34072293 PMCID: PMC8228047 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have assessed omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline among older adults and cognitive development among children, although less is known about cognitive or neurological effects among young adults. We examined whether omega-3 supplementation from krill oil could improve cognition and resilience among young military officers compared to a control. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 555 officers (mean age 23.4 ± 2.8, 98.6% male) entering the United States (US) Army Infantry Basic Officer Leaders Course (IBOLC) with the intention to complete the US Ranger Course. Volunteer participants consumed eight dietary supplements daily of krill oil containing 2.3 g omega-3 or control (macadamia nut oil) over an approximate 20-week period. Cognitive functioning, resilience, and mood were assessed during a well-rested period at approximately 14 weeks and after a battlefield simulation at 16 weeks. Blood spot samples were collected to monitor compliance and dietary intake was assessed. All hypotheses were tested using both ‘Intention to Treat’ (ITT) and ‘As Per Protocol’ (APP) approaches. Of the 555 randomized individuals, 245 (44.1%) completed the study. No statistically significant group-by-time interactions indicating treatment effect were found on any outcomes. Poor compliance was indicated by lower than expected omega-3 elevations in the treatment group, and may have contributed to a failure to detect a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette P. Marriott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-696-3208
| | - Travis H. Turner
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 301 CSB, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Barton Health, 2209 Second Avenue, South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150, USA;
| | - Jill C. Newman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Marcie Pregulman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, CSB, HE814, MSC629, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Angela M. Malek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303C, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Robert J. Malcolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Gregory A. Burbelo
- LTC, Infantry, United States Army, 432 Lee Road.2069, Smiths Station, AL 36877, USA;
| | - Jeffrey W. Wismann
- Major, US Army Battalion Operations Officer, 4-23 Infantry Regiment, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA 98433, USA;
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Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Hibbeln JR, Hurley D, Kolick V, Peoples S, Rodriguez N, Woodward-Lopez G. Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:247-260. [PMID: 32447382 PMCID: PMC8453603 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal nutrition has been implicated in the underlying pathology of behavioral health disorders and may impede treatment and recovery. Thus, optimizing nutritional status should be a treatment for these disorders and is likely important for prevention. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the global burden and features of depression and anxiety, and summarize recent evidence regarding the role of diet and nutrition in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety. Current evidence suggests that healthy eating patterns that meet food-based dietary recommendations and nutrient requirements may assist in the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety. Randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand how diet and nutrition-related biological mechanisms affect behavioral health disorders, to assist with the development of effective evidence-based nutrition interventions, to reduce the impact of these disorders, and promote well-being for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Valerie Kolick
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sevetra Peoples
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nancy Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gail Woodward-Lopez
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Berkeley, California, USA
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8
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Chen CT, Haven S, Lecaj L, Borgstrom M, Torabi M, SanGiovanni JP, Hibbeln JR. Brain PUFA Concentrations Are Differentially Affected by Interactions of Diet, Sex, Brain Regions, and Phospholipid Pools in Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:3123-3132. [PMID: 33188433 PMCID: PMC7726127 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PUFAs play vital roles in the development, maintenance, and functioning of circuitries that regulate reward and social behaviors. Therefore, modulations in PUFA concentrations of these brain regions may disrupt reward and social circuitries contributing to mood disorders, developmental disabilities, and addictions. Though much is known about regional and phospholipid-pool-specific PUFA concentrations, less is known about the effects of dietary interventions that concurrently lowers n-6 PUFA and supplements n-3 PUFA, on brain PUFA concentrations. There is even less knowledge on the effects of sex on brain PUFA concentrations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to comprehensively examine the interaction effects of diet (D), sex (S), brain regions (BR), and phospholipid pools (PL) on brain PUFA concentrations. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed 1 of 4 custom-designed diets varying in linoleic acid (LNA) (8 en% or 1 en%) and eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) (0.4 en% or 0 en%) concentrations from in utero to 15 weeks old. At 15 weeks old, the prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and cerebellum were collected. Fatty acids of 5 major PL were quantified by GC-flame ionization detection. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences among the groups for D, S, BR, and PL. RESULTS No significant 4-way interactions on PUFA concentrations. DHA, predominant n-3 PUFA, concentrations were dependent on significant D × BR × PL interactions. DHA concentration was not affected by sex. Arachidonic acid (ARA; predominant n-6 PUFA) concentrations were not dependent on 3-way interactions. However, significant 2-way D × PL, BR × PL, and D × Sinteractions affected ARA concentrations. Brain fatty acid concentrations were differentially affected by various combinations of D, S, BR, and PL interactions. CONCLUSION Though DHA concentrations are not affected by sex, ARA concentrations are affected by interactions of the 4 variables examined. This study provides comprehensive references in the investigation of complex interactions between factors that affect brain PUFA concentrations in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Haven
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lea Lecaj
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Borgstrom
- University Information Technology Services, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad Torabi
- University Information Technology Services, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, North Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Rapoport SI, Hibbeln JR. THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF BRAIN ARACHIDONIC ACID CASCADE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER BY LOW DOSE ASPIRIN AND CELECOXIB. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102118. [PMID: 32505122 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in unanesthetized rats suggest that mood stabilizers approved for treating bipolar disorder downregulate brain arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. AA plays a role in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, among other processes. Other drugs that reduce brain AA metabolism may add to mood stabilizer action. METHODS We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and population studies to examine whether celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, and acetylsalicylate (aspirin), a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor and acetylator, were useful in bipolar disorder patients on mood stabilizers. COX-1 and COX-2 metabolize AA to bioactive eicosanoids. RESULTS Celecoxib significantly enhanced mood stabilizer efficacy in two 6-week RCTs involving 86 manic bipolar inpatients, and in one 8-week RCT on 49 patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression. With regard to aspirin, a Dutch pharmacoepidemiological study involving 5145 subjects taking lithium reported symptom reduction with added chronic low dose 30-80 mg/day aspirin, while a Danish study on 321,350 subjects taking chronic 75-150 mg/day aspirin found fewer manic episodes than in subjects not on aspirin. Finally, a recent 6-week RCT using low-dose aspirin and/or minocycline showed a specific positive effect of aspirin. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy of both celecoxib and aspirin as adjuncts to mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder is consistent with the AA hypothesis for mood stabilizer action in that disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I Rapoport
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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10
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Chen CT, Schultz JA, Haven SE, Wilhite B, Liu CH, Chen J, Hibbeln JR. Loss of RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) selectively lowers docosahexaenoic acid in developing cerebellum. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 152:102036. [PMID: 31835092 PMCID: PMC7041906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) of staggerer mice results in extensive granule and Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum as well as in learned motor deficits, cognition impairments and perseverative tendencies that are commonly observed in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The effects of RORα on brain lipid metabolism associated with cerebellar atrophy remain unexplored. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of RORα deficiency on brain phospholipid fatty acid concentrations and compositions. Staggerer mice (Rorasg/sg) and wildtype littermates (Rora+/+) were fed n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing diets ad libitum. At 2 months and 7 or more months old, brain total phospholipid fatty acids were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. In the cerebellum, all fatty acid concentrations were reduced in 2 months old mice. Since total fatty acid concentrations were significantly different at 2-month-old, we examined changes in fatty acid composition. The composition of ARA was not significantly different between genotypes; though DHA composition remained significantly lowered. Despite cerebellar atrophy at >7-months-old, cerebellar fatty acid concentrations had recovered comparably to wildtype control. Therefore, RORα may be necessary for fatty acid accretions during neurodevelopment. Specifically, the effects of RORα on PUFA metabolisms are region-specific and age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck T Chen
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-01, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States.
| | - Joseph A Schultz
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-01, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States.
| | - Sophie E Haven
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-01, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States.
| | - Breanne Wilhite
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-01, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States.
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-01, North Bethesda, MD 20852, United States.
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11
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Spiller P, Hibbeln JR, Myers G, Vannice G, Golding J, Crawford MA, Strain JJ, Connor SL, Brenna JT, Kris-Etherton P, Holub BJ, Harris WS, Lands B, McNamara RK, Tlusty MF, Salem N, Carlson SE. An abundance of seafood consumption studies presents new opportunities to evaluate effects on neurocognitive development. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 151:8-13. [PMID: 31669935 PMCID: PMC6887098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between seafood eaten during pregnancy and neurocognition in offspring has been the subject of considerable scientific study for over 25 years. Evaluation of this question led two scientific advisory committees to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAC), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations with the World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), Health Canada, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to conclude through 2014 that seafood consumed by pregnant women is likely to benefit the neurocognitive development of their children. The evidence they reviewed included between four and ten studies of seafood consumption during pregnancy that reported beneficial associations. In contrast there are now 29 seafood consumption studies available describing over 100,000 mothers-child pairs and 15 studies describing over 25,000 children who ate seafood. A systematic review of these studies using Nutrition Evaluation Systematic Review methodology is warranted to determine whether recent research corroborates, builds on, or significantly alters the previous conclusions. Studies that evaluate the integrated effects of seafood as a complete food more directly and completely evaluate impacts on neurocognition as compared to studies that evaluate individual nutritients or toxicological constituents in isolation. Here we address how the findings could add to our understanding of whether seafood consumed during pregnancy and early childhood affects neurocognition, including whether such effects are clinically meaningful, lasting, related to amounts consumed, and affected by any neurotoxicants that may be present, particularly mercury, which is present at varying levels in essentially all seafood. We provide the history, context and rationale for reexamining these questions in light of currently available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spiller
- Former Director of the Office of Seafood, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S., Food and Drug Administration (retired), USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Acting Chief, Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, USA.
| | - Gary Myers
- Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gretchen Vannice
- Director of Nutrition Education and Research, Organic Technologies, Coshocton, OH, USA
| | - Jean Golding
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - J J Strain
- Emeritus Professor of Human Nutrition, Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health, (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sonja L Connor
- Research Associate Professor, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas Austin, TX, USA
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Distinguished Professor of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce J Holub
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Bill Lands
- American Society for Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine USA
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norman Salem
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Projects, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- University Distinguished Professor, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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12
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Hibbeln JR, Spiller P, Brenna JT, Golding J, Holub BJ, Harris WS, Kris-Etherton P, Lands B, Connor SL, Myers G, Strain JJ, Crawford MA, Carlson SE. Relationships between seafood consumption during pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development: Two systematic reviews. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 151:14-36. [PMID: 31739098 PMCID: PMC6924512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abundant data are now available to evaluate relationships between seafood consumption in pregnancy and childhood and neurocognitive development. We conducted two systematic reviews utilizing methodologies detailed by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee 2020-2025. After reviewing 44 publications on 106,237 mother-offspring pairs and 25,960 children, our technical expert committee developed two conclusion statements that included the following: "Moderate and consistent evidence indicates that consumption of a wide range of amounts and types of commercially available seafood during pregnancy is associated with improved neurocognitive development of offspring as compared to eating no seafood. Overall, benefits to neurocognitive development began at the lowest amounts of seafood consumed (∼4 oz/wk) and continued through the highest amounts, above 12 oz/wk, some range up to >100 oz/wk.", "This evidence does not meet the criteria for "strong evidence" only due to a paucity of randomized controlled trials that may not be ethical or feasible to conduct for pregnancy" and "Moderate and consistent evidence indicates that consumption of >4 oz/wk and likely >12 oz/wk of seafood during childhood has beneficial associations with neurocognitive outcomes." No net adverse neurocognitive outcomes were reported among offspring at the highest ranges of seafood intakes despite associated increases in mercury exposures. Data are insufficient for conclusive statements regarding lactation, optimal amounts, categories or specific species characterized by mercury content and neurocognitive development; although there is some evidence that dark/oily seafood may be more beneficial. Research was conducted in healthy women and children and is generalizable to US populations. Assessment of seafood as a whole food integrates inherently integrates any adverse effects from neurotoxicants, if any, and benefits to neurocognition from omega-3 fats, as well as other nutrients critical to optimal neurological development. Understanding of the effects of seafood consumption on neurocognition can have significant public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jean Golding
- Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bruce J Holub
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bill Lands
- American Society for Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sonja L Connor
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gary Myers
- Neurology, Pediatrics, and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health, (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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13
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Marriott BP, Turner TH, Hibbeln JR, Pregulman M, Newman J, Johnson KB, Malek AM, Malcolm RJ, Burbelo GA, Wissman JW. Design and methods for the Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3 study). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 15:100359. [PMID: 31080908 PMCID: PMC6503132 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of nutrients fundamental for optimal neuronal function is of increasing interest. The potential importance of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) for optimizing emotional states, cognitive function, and mental health has been demonstrated in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Omega-3 (HUFAs), specifically EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are concentrated in neural tissues and are essential for neural function, normative neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter, and neural immune functions. Omega-3 HUFAs must be obtained from the diet, predominantly from marine sources such as fish and other seafood. HUFAs also can be found in a variety of dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acid esters, fish oil and krill oil). As dietary supplements, omega-3 HUFAs (fatty acid esters, fish and krill oils) differ substantially in their physicochemical properties and nutrient content. Here we present the design and methods for the Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3) study. RRIPP-3 was a double blind, randomized, controlled trial among individuals in the United States (US) Army Infantry Basic Officer Leaders Course (IBOLC) and following US Ranger School training (RC) at Fort Benning, GA of omega-3 HUFA on krill oil versus placebo supplementation. The RRIPP-3 study sought to determine if krill oil supplementation with omega-3 HUFAs supports aspects of cognitive functioning critical to battlefield success when measured immediately after an intense combat simulation. Sub-analyses addressed basic improvements in IBOLC performance. We also describe additional outcome measures critical for interpretation of the study results, such as diet and other dietary supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette P Marriott
- Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Ste. 630D, MSC774, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Travis H Turner
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 301 CSB, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Acting Chief, Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rm 3N-07, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marcie Pregulman
- Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Ste. 630D, MSC774, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jill Newman
- Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Ste. 630D, MSC774, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristen B Johnson
- Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Ste. 630D, MSC774, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Angela M Malek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Ste. 303C, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Robert J Malcolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey W Wissman
- Maneuver Center of Excellence, Infantry Basic Officers Leader Course, Fort Benning, GA, 31905, USA
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14
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Raine A, Ang RP, Choy O, Hibbeln JR, Ho RMH, Lim CG, Lim-Ashworth NSJ, Ling S, Liu JCJ, Ooi YP, Tan YR, Fung DSS. Omega-3 (ω-3) and social skills interventions for reactive aggression and childhood externalizing behavior problems: a randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial trial. Psychol Med 2019; 49:335-344. [PMID: 29743128 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies suggest that nutritional supplementation may reduce aggressive behavior in children, few have examined their effects on specific forms of aggression. This study tests the primary hypothesis that omega-3 (ω-3), both alone and in conjunction with social skills training, will have particular post-treatment efficacy for reducing childhood reactive aggression relative to baseline. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, stratified, placebo-controlled, factorial trial, a clinical sample of 282 children with externalizing behavior aged 7-16 years was randomized into ω-3 only, social skills only, ω-3 + social skills, and placebo control groups. Treatment duration was 6 months. The primary outcome measure was reactive aggression collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, with antisocial behavior as a secondary outcome. RESULTS Children in the ω-3-only group showed a short-term reduction (at 3 and 6 months) in self-report reactive aggression, and also a short-term reduction in overall antisocial behavior. Sensitivity analyses and a robustness check replicated significant interaction effects. Effect sizes (d) were small, ranging from 0.17 to 0.31. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide some initial support for the efficacy of ω-3 in reducing reactive aggression over and above standard care (medication and parent training), but yield only preliminary and limited support for the efficacy of ω-3 in reducing overall externalizing behavior in children. Future studies could test further whether ω-3 shows promise in reducing more reactive, impulsive forms of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology,University of Pennsylvania,PA,USA
| | - Rebecca P Ang
- National Institute of Education,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore
| | - Olivia Choy
- Psychology Programme,School of Social Sciences,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,Rockville,MD,USA
| | - Ringo M-H Ho
- Psychology Programme,School of Social Sciences,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore
| | - Choon Guan Lim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Mental Health,Singapore
| | | | - Shichun Ling
- Department of Criminology,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA,USA
| | - Jean C J Liu
- Division of Social Sciences,Yale-NUS College,Singapore
| | - Yoon Phaik Ooi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Mental Health,Singapore
| | - Yi Ren Tan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Mental Health,Singapore
| | - Daniel S S Fung
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Mental Health,Singapore
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15
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Lepsch J, Farias DR, Eshriqui I, Rebelo F, Dos Santos Vaz J, Adegboye AA, Hibbeln JR, Kac G. Serum fatty acids are positively associated with changes in systemic blood pressure throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 13:7-13. [PMID: 30177075 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether serum concentrations of saturated (SFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs), and monounsaturated (MUFAs) fatty acids are associated with changes in blood pressure (BP) throughout pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Longitudinal measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP. METHODS Two hundred twenty-three healthy pregnant women were recruited in a public health center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 2009 and 2011. Fasting blood samples and BP measurements were obtained at the 1st (5th-13th weeks), 2nd (20th-26th) and 3rd trimester (30th-36th). Crude and adjusted (maternal age, education, energy intake, gestational body weight change, leptin concentrations, early pre-pregnancy BMI, leisure time physical activity prior to pregnancy and linear and quadratic gestational weeks) longitudinal linear mixed-effects models were employed. RESULTS SBP and DBP decreased from the 1st to the 2nd trimester and slightly increased from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester (P < 0.001). In the adjusted model (ß and 95% CI), total SFAs [0.005 (0.001-0.008); P = 0.008], total MUFAs [0.005 (0.001-0.009); P = 0.019] and total n-6 PUFAs [0.005 (0.001-0.009); P = 0.025] were positively associated with SBP throughout pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Maternal serum concentrations of total SFAs, MUFAs and n-6 PUFAs were positively associated with BP levels in normotensive pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Lepsch
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josue de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayana Rodrigues Farias
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josue de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ilana Eshriqui
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josue de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rebelo
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Amorim Adegboye
- Division of Nutrition, Food & Public Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, United States
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josue de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Strandjord SE, Lands B, Hibbeln JR. Validation of an equation predicting highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) compositions of human blood fractions from dietary intakes of both HUFAs and their precursors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:171-176. [PMID: 28390839 PMCID: PMC5591053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Proportions of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) in 20- and 22-carbon highly unsaturated fatty acids with 3 or more double bonds (HUFA) accumulated in tissue HUFA (e.g., the %n-6 in HUFA) are biomarkers reflecting intakes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. An empirical equation, referred to here as the Lands' Equation, was developed previously to use dietary intakes of n-6 and n-3 HUFA and their 18-carbon precursors to estimate the %n-6 in HUFA of humans. From the PubMed database, we identified clinical trials reporting (a) dietary intake of at least linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), and (b) the amounts of at least arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in lipids of plasma, serum, or red blood cell. Linear regression analyses comparing reported and predicted %n-6 in HUFA gave a correlation coefficient of 0.73 (p<0.000000) for 34 studies with 92 subject groups. These results indicate that circulating HUFA compositions can be reliably estimated from dietary intake data that not only includes n-3 and n-6 HUFA consumption, but also includes consumption of 18 carbon n-3 and n-6 precursor fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rm 3N-07, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD 20892-2088, USA.
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17
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Portnoy J, Raine A, Liu J, Hibbeln JR. Reductions of intimate partner violence resulting from supplementing children with omega-3 fatty acids: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial. Aggress Behav 2018; 44:491-500. [PMID: 29781086 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 supplementation has been found to reduce externalizing behavior in children. Reciprocal models of parent-child behavior suggest that improving child behavior could lead to improvements in parent behavior, however no study has examined whether omega-3 supplementation in children could reduce intimate partner violence or child maltreatment by their adult caregivers. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel group trial, a community sample of children were randomized to receive either a fruit drink containing 1 gm of omega-3 fats (Smartfish Recharge; Omega-3 group, n = 100) or the same fruit drink without omega-3's (Placebo group, n = 100). Child participants, adult caregivers, and research staff were blinded to group assignment. Adult caregivers reported inter-partner and child-directed physical assault and psychological aggression at baseline, 6 months (end of treatment) and 12 months (6 months post-treatment) using the Conflicts Tactics Scale. Caregivers of children in the omega-3 group reported long-term reductions in psychological aggression in a group × time interaction. Improvements in adult psychological aggression were correlated with improvements in child externalizing behavior scores. No differences were reported for child maltreatment. This study is the first to show that omega-3 supplementation in children can reduce inter-partner psychological aggression among adult caregivers not receiving supplements. Findings suggest that improving child behavior through omega-3 supplementation could have long-term benefits to the family system as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Portnoy
- School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lin YH, Hibbeln JR, Domenichiello AF, Ramsden CE, Salem NM, Chen CT, Jin H, Courville AB, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP, Miller BV. Quantitation of Human Whole-Body Synthesis-Secretion Rates of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoate Acid from Circulating Unesterified α-Linolenic Acid at Steady State. Lipids 2018; 53:547-558. [PMID: 30074625 PMCID: PMC6105524 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rate at which dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) is desaturated and elongated to its longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in humans is not agreed upon. In this study, we applied a methodology developed using rodents to investigate the whole-body, presumably hepatic, synthesis-secretion rates of esterified n-3 PUFA from circulating unesterified ALA in 2 healthy overweight women after 10 weeks of low-linoleate diet exposure. During continuous iv infusion of d5-ALA, 17 arterial blood samples were collected from each subject at -10, 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 210 min, and at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h after beginning infusion. Plasma esterified d5-n-3 PUFA concentrations were plotted against the infusion time and fit to a sigmoidal curve using nonlinear regression. These curves were used to estimate kinetic parameters using a kinetic analysis developed using rodents. Calculated synthesis-secretion rates of esterified eicosapentaenoate, n-3 docosapentaenoate, docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenate, and tetracosahexaenoate from circulating unesterified ALA were 2.1 and 2.7; 1.7 and 5.3; 0.47 and 0.27; 0.30 and 0.30; and 0.32 and 0.27 mg/day for subjects S01 and S02, respectively. This study provides new estimates of whole-body synthesis-secretion rates of esterified longer-chain n-3 PUFA from circulating unesterified ALA in human subjects. This method now can be extended to study factors that regulate human whole-body PUFA synthesis-secretion in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Lin
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, DICBR, NIAAA, NIH, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- Lipid Mediator, Inflammation and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH
- DICBR, NIAAA, NIH
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Chuck T Chen
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, DICBR, NIAAA, NIH, U.S.A
| | - Haksong Jin
- Pharmacy Department, NIH Clinical Center, NIH
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Mann JD, Faurot KR, MacIntosh B, Palsson OS, Suchindran CM, Gaylord SA, Lynch C, Johnston A, Maiden K, Barrow DA, Hibbeln JR, Ramsden CE. A sixteen-week three-armed, randomized, controlled trial investigating clinical and biochemical effects of targeted alterations in dietary linoleic acid and n-3 EPA+DHA in adults with episodic migraine: Study protocol. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:41-52. [PMID: 29413360 PMCID: PMC6269096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder, affecting over 16% of adult women and 7% of adult men in the U.S., causing significant pain, disability, and medical expense, with incomplete benefits from conventional medical management. Migraine, as a chronic pain syndrome, provides a practical model for investigating the impact of dietary modifications in omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids. This paper reports the protocol of a trial to assess whether targeted dietary modifications designed to increase n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with or without concurrent reduction in n-6 linoleic acid (LA), will alter nociceptive lipid mediators and mediate decreases in frequency and severity of migraine. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial in 153 male and female adult subjects, ages 18-99, with diagnosed and actively managed episodic migraine tests the efficacy, safety, and biochemical effects of targeted, controlled alterations in dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Participants are masked to diet hypotheses and all assessors are masked to treatment assignment. Following a four-week baseline period, participants with migraine headache frequency of 5-20 per month are randomized to one of three intensive dietary regimens for 16 additional weeks followed by a less intensive observation period. Dietary intervention arms include: 1) increased n-3 EPA+DHA with low n-6 linoleic acid (H3 L6); 2) increased n-3 EPA+DHA with usual US dietary intake of n-6 linoleic acid (H3 H6); and 3) usual US dietary content of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (L3 H6). During the actual intervention, subjects receive content-specific study oils and foods sufficient for two meals and two snacks per day, as well as dietary counseling. Biochemical and clinical outcome measures are performed at intervals throughout this period. This randomized controlled trial is designed to determine whether targeted alterations in dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids can alter nociceptive lipid mediators in a manner that decreases headache pain and enhances quality of life and function in adults with frequent migraines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02012790.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Douglas Mann
- Department of Neurology, UNC, 2133 Physicians Office Bld, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States.
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 171 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7200, United States.
| | - Beth MacIntosh
- UNC Healthcare Department of Nutrition & Food Services - Metabolic & Nutrition Research Core, 102 Mason Farm Rd., CB#7777, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Department of Medicine, 4111 Bioinformatics Building, Campus Box 7080, 130 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, United States.
| | - Chirayath M Suchindran
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB # 7420, 3103-A, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7420, United States.
| | - Susan Ann Gaylord
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 183 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States.
| | - Chanee Lynch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 183 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States.
| | - Angela Johnston
- North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 2 West Edenton St., Raleigh, NC 27601, United States.
| | - Kristen Maiden
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - David A Barrow
- UNC Cytokine Analysis Facility, North Carolina Oral Health Institute, 3412 Koury Oral Health Sciences Bldg., CB #7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455, United States.
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-07, Rockville, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 171 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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20
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Hibbeln JR, Northstone K, Evans J, Golding J. Vegetarian diets and depressive symptoms among men. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:13-17. [PMID: 28777971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetarian diets are associate with cardiovascular and other health benefits, but little is known about mental health benefits or risks. AIMS To determine whether self-identification of vegetarian dietary habits is associated with significant depressive symptoms in men. METHOD Self-report data from 9668 adult male partners of pregnant women in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) included identification as vegetarian or vegan, dietary frequency data and the Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). Continuous and binary outcomes were assessed using multiple linear and logistic regression taking account of potential confounding variables including: age, marital status, employment status, housing tenure, number of children in the household, religion, family history of depression previous childhood psychiatric contact, cigarette and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Vegetarians [n = 350 (3.6% of sample)], had higher depression scores on average than non-vegetarians (mean difference 0.96 points [95%CI + 0.53, + 1.40]) and a greater risk for EPDS scores above 10 (adjusted OR = 1.67 [95% CI: 1.14,2.44]) than non-vegetarians after adjustment for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarian men have more depressive symptoms after adjustment for socio-demographic factors. Nutritional deficiencies (e.g. in cobalamin or iron) are a possible explanation for these findings, however reverse causation cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Evans
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
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21
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Liu J, Cui Y, Li L, Wu L, Hanlon A, Pinto-Martin J, Raine A, Hibbeln JR. The mediating role of sleep in the fish consumption - cognitive functioning relationship: a cohort study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17961. [PMID: 29269884 PMCID: PMC5740156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater fish consumption is associated with improved cognition among children, but the mediating pathways have not been well delineated. Improved sleep could be a candidate mediator of the fish-cognition relationship. This study assesses whether 1) more frequent fish consumption is associated with less sleep disturbances and higher IQ scores in schoolchildren, 2) such relationships are not accounted for by social and economic confounds, and 3) sleep quality mediates the fish-IQ relationship. In this cohort study of 541 Chinese schoolchildren, fish consumption and sleep quality were assessed at age 9-11 years, while IQ was assessed at age 12. Frequent fish consumption was related to both fewer sleep problems and higher IQ scores. A dose-response relationship indicated higher IQ scores in children who always (4.80 points) or sometimes (3.31 points) consumed fish, compared to those who rarely ate fish (all p < 0.05). Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between fish consumption and verbal, but not performance, IQ. Findings were robust after controlling for multiple sociodemographic covariates. To our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate that frequent fish consumption may help reduce sleep problems (better sleep quality), which may in turn benefit long-term cognitive functioning in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, 418 Curie Blvd., Claire M. Fagin Hall, Room 426, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ying Cui
- University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, 418 Curie Blvd., Claire M. Fagin Hall, Room 426, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Linda Li
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lezhou Wu
- University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, 418 Curie Blvd., Claire M. Fagin Hall, Room 426, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Hanlon
- University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, 418 Curie Blvd., Claire M. Fagin Hall, Room 426, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Pinto-Martin
- University of Pennsylvania Schools of Nursing and Medicine, 418 Curie Blvd., Claire M. Fagin Hall, Room 426, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adrian Raine
- University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, 483 McNeil Building 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Acting Chief, Section on Nutritional Neurosciences LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rm 3N-07, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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22
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Hibbeln JR, SanGiovanni JP, Golding J, Emmett PM, Northstone K, Davis JM, Schuckit M, Heron J. Meat Consumption During Pregnancy and Substance Misuse Among Adolescent Offspring: Stratification of TCN2 Genetic Variants. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1928-1937. [PMID: 28975627 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing meat consumption is often advised; however, inadvertent nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy may result in residual neurodevelopmental harms to offspring. This study assessed possible effects of maternal diets in pregnancy on adverse substance use among adolescent offspring. METHODS Pregnant women and their 13-year-old offspring taking part in a prospective birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), provided Food Frequency Questionnaire data from which dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models including potential confounders evaluated adverse alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use of the children at 15 years of age. RESULTS Lower maternal meat consumption was associated with greater problematic substance use among 15-year-old offspring in dose-response patterns. Comparing never to daily meat consumption after adjustment, risks were greater for all categories of problem substance use: alcohol, odds ratio OR = 1.75, 95% CI = (1.23, 2.56), p < 0.001; tobacco use OR = 1.85, 95% CI = (1.28, 2.63), p < 0.001; and cannabis OR = 2.70, 95% CI = (1.89, 4.00), p < 0.001. Given the likelihood of residual confounding, potential causality was evaluated using stratification for maternal allelic variants that impact biological activity of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and iron. Lower meat consumption disproportionally increased the risks of offspring substance misuse among mothers with optimally functional (homozygous) variants (rs1801198) of the gene transcobalamin 2 gene (TCN2) which encodes the vitamin B12 transport protein transcobalamin 2 implicating a causal role for cobalamin deficits. Functional maternal variants in iron metabolism were unrelated to the adverse substance use. Risks potentially attributable to cobalamin deficits during pregnancy include adverse adolescent alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use (14, 37, and 23, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Lower prenatal meat consumption was associated with increased risks of adolescent substance misuse. Interactions between TCN2 variant status and meat intake implicate cobalamin deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jean Golding
- School of Social and Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- School of Social and Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social and Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John M Davis
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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23
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Golding J, Hibbeln JR, Gregory SM, Iles-Caven Y, Emond A, Taylor CM. Maternal prenatal blood mercury is not adversely associated with offspring IQ at 8 years provided the mother eats fish: A British prebirth cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1161-1167. [PMID: 28754500 PMCID: PMC5584731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Conflicting evidence concerning possible harm from mercury (Hg) in regard to offspring cognition if the woman eats fish has prompted this study to examine evidence from a British pre-birth cohort to investigate the relationship between the two. Methods Pregnant women (median prenatal blood mercury 1.86 μg/L) resident in the study area with delivery between April 1991 and December 1992 were followed up and verbal, performance and total intelligence quotient (IQ) of 2062 offspring were measured at age 8. Analysis treated IQ as (a) continuous and (b) the lowest 25% of the distribution. Multiple and logistic regression analyses took account of social and demographic variables. Stratification considered children of fish eaters separately. Results Before adjustment, mean full-scale IQ increased with increasing Hg (change with 1SD of Hg = +2.02; 95%CI +1.40,+2.64 IQ points; P < 0.0001); after adjustment effect size was reduced although still positive (+0.61;95%CI -0.06,+1.29 IQ points; P = 0.073). The adjusted positive relationship was stronger when fish-eating mothers were considered separately (+0.84:95%CI +0.13,+1.56 IQ points; P = 0.021) in comparison with the outcomes for non-fish eaters, where the adjusted relationship was negative (-2.22;95%CI -5.00,+0.56 IQ points; P = 0.117). The binary outcome showed a similar pattern with the adjusted OR for non-fish-eaters 1.79 (95%CI 1.10,2.93; P = 0.019) per SD of Hg, significantly different from that for fish consumers (0.94;95%CI:0.82,1.08)(Pinteraction<0.05). There were no differences between the sexes in the associations, nor did the level of the mother’s blood selenium change the effect sizes. Conclusion The relationship between intrauterine exposure to mercury and offspring IQ appears to be benign provided the mother consumes fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health,5625 Fishers Lane, Rm 3N-07, MSC 9410 Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Steven M Gregory
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Alan Emond
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
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Wells EM, Herbstman JB, Lin YH, Hibbeln JR, Halden RU, Witter FR, Goldman LR. Methyl mercury, but not inorganic mercury, associated with higher blood pressure during pregnancy. Environ Res 2017; 154:247-252. [PMID: 28110211 PMCID: PMC5328834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies addressing associations between mercury and blood pressure have produced inconsistent findings; some of this may result from measuring total instead of speciated mercury. This cross-sectional study of 263 pregnant women assessed total mercury, speciated mercury, selenium, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in umbilical cord blood and blood pressure during labor and delivery. Models with a) total mercury or b) methyl and inorganic mercury were evaluated. Regression models adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, neighborhood income, parity, smoking, n-3 fatty acids and selenium. Geometric mean total, methyl, and inorganic mercury concentrations were 1.40µg/L (95% confidence interval: 1.29, 1.52); 0.95µg/L (0.84, 1.07); and 0.13µg/L (0.10, 0.17), respectively. Elevated systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure were found, respectively, in 11.4%, 6.8%, and 19.8% of mothers. In adjusted multivariable models, a one-tertile increase of methyl mercury was associated with 2.83mmHg (0.17, 5.50) higher systolic blood pressure and 2.99mmHg (0.91, 5.08) higher pulse pressure. In the same models, an increase of one tertile of inorganic mercury was associated with -1.18mmHg (-3.72, 1.35) lower systolic blood pressure and -2.51mmHg (-4.49, -0.53) lower pulse pressure. No associations were observed with diastolic pressure. There was a non-significant trend of higher total mercury with higher systolic blood pressure. We observed a significant association of higher methyl mercury with higher systolic and pulse pressure, yet higher inorganic mercury was significantly associated with lower pulse pressure. These results should be confirmed with larger, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Hong Lin
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Frank R Witter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldman
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Yassine HN, Croteau E, Rawat V, Hibbeln JR, Rapoport SI, Cunnane SC, Umhau JC. DHA brain uptake and APOE4 status: a PET study with [1- 11C]-DHA. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:23. [PMID: 28335828 PMCID: PMC5364667 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor identified for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among brain lipids, alteration in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) homeostasis is implicated in AD pathogenesis. APOE4 may influence both brain DHA metabolism and cognitive outcomes. METHODS Using positron emission tomography, regional incorporation coefficients (k*), rates of DHA incorporation from plasma into the brain using [1-11C]-DHA (J in), and regional cerebral blood flow using [15O]-water were measured in 22 middle-aged healthy adults (mean age 35 years, range 19-65 years). Data were partially volume error-corrected for brain atrophy. APOE4 phenotype was determined by protein expression, and unesterified DHA concentrations were quantified in plasma. An exploratory post hoc analysis of the effect of APOE4 on DHA brain kinetics was performed. RESULTS The mean global gray matter DHA incorporation coefficient, k*, was significantly higher (16%) among APOE4 carriers (n = 9) than among noncarriers (n = 13, p = 0.046). Higher DHA incorporation coefficients were observed in several brain regions, particularly in the entorhinal subregion, an area affected early in AD pathogenesis. Cerebral blood flow, unesterified plasma DHA, and whole brain DHA incorporation rate (J in) did not differ significantly between the APOE groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an increase in the DHA incorporation coefficient in several brain regions in APOE4 carriers. These findings may contribute to understanding how APOE4 genotypes affect AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Room 210, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Varun Rawat
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Room 210, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John C Umhau
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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Freitas-Vilela AA, Pearson RM, Emmett P, Heron J, Smith ADAC, Emond A, Hibbeln JR, Castro MBT, Kac G. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and intelligence quotients in the offspring at 8 years of age: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort. Matern Child Nutr 2017; 14. [PMID: 28251825 PMCID: PMC5763349 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake during pregnancy may influence child neurodevelopment and cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the associations between dietary patterns obtained in pregnancy and intelligence quotients (IQ) among offspring at 8 years of age. Pregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children completed a food frequency questionnaire at 32 weeks' gestation (n = 12,195). Dietary patterns were obtained by cluster analysis. Three clusters best described women's diets during pregnancy: “fruit and vegetables,” “meat and potatoes,” and “white bread and coffee.” The offspring's IQ at 8 years of age was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Models, using variables correlated to IQ data, were performed to impute missing values. Linear regression models were employed to investigate associations between the maternal clusters and IQ in childhood. Children of women who were classified in the meat and potatoes cluster and white bread and coffee cluster during pregnancy had lower average verbal (β = −1.74; p < .001 and β = −3.05; p < .001), performance (β = −1.26; p = .011 and β = −1.75; p < .001), and full‐scale IQ (β = −1.74; p < .001 and β = −2.79; p < .001) at 8 years of age when compared to children of mothers in the fruit and vegetables cluster in imputed models of IQ and all confounders, after adjustment for a wide range of known confounders including maternal education. The pregnant women who were classified in the fruit and vegetables cluster had offspring with higher average IQ compared with offspring of mothers in the meat and potatoes cluster and white bread and coffee cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amélia Freitas-Vilela
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline Emmett
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D A C Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alan Emond
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Beatriz Trindade Castro
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y, Hibbeln JR, Taylor CM, Golding J. Are prenatal mercury levels associated with subsequent blood pressure in childhood and adolescence? The Avon prebirth cohort study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012425. [PMID: 27742626 PMCID: PMC5073590 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There have been conflicting data suggesting that prenatal mercury exposure is associated with adverse cardiovascular measures in children. We therefore analysed a large prospective population study to investigate whether prenatal mercury exposure might influence offspring blood pressure (BP) and heart rate adversely. DESIGN Prospective birth cohort. SETTING The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). PARTICIPANTS Maternal whole blood collected in the first half of pregnancy was assayed for mercury and selenium. The offspring were followed throughout childhood and adolescence. OUTCOME MEASURES Offspring resting BP and heart rates measured under standard conditions on six occasions between ages 7 and 17 years (numbers analysed: 1754 at 7 years to 1102 at 17). RESULTS Statistical analyses took account of various factors present in pregnancy, including family adversity, maternal age, parity, smoking and alcohol intake. Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses assessed the relationship between maternal prenatal mercury levels and offspring resting systolic and diastolic BP, and heart rates. A final set of analyses took account of selenium. Each analysis was carried out for all offspring, those whose mothers had, and those that had not, consumed fish during pregnancy. Further analysis for all offspring ascertained whether there were significant interaction effects between the sexes. There was little evidence to suggest that prenatal mercury exposure resulted in a clinically important increase in offspring BP in the whole group, since no effect size for an increase of 1 SD of blood mercury level was >0.3 mm Hg. Only 1 association was significant at p<0.05 and therefore likely due to chance. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal mercury exposure has adverse long-term effects on offspring BP or heart rates during childhood or adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Gregory
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Department of Nutritional Neurosciences, LMBB, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Freitas-Vilela AA, Smith ADAC, Kac G, Pearson RM, Heron J, Emond A, Hibbeln JR, Castro MBT, Emmett PM. Dietary patterns by cluster analysis in pregnant women: relationship with nutrient intakes and dietary patterns in 7-year-old offspring. Matern Child Nutr 2016; 13. [PMID: 27723265 PMCID: PMC5396145 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how dietary patterns of mothers and their children track over time. The objectives of this study are to obtain dietary patterns in pregnancy using cluster analysis, to examine women's mean nutrient intakes in each cluster and to compare the dietary patterns of mothers to those of their children. Pregnant women (n = 12 195) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children reported their frequency of consumption of 47 foods and food groups. These data were used to obtain dietary patterns during pregnancy by cluster analysis. The absolute and energy‐adjusted nutrient intakes were compared between clusters. Women's dietary patterns were compared with previously derived clusters of their children at 7 years of age. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships comparing maternal and offspring clusters. Three maternal clusters were identified: ‘fruit and vegetables’, ‘meat and potatoes’ and ‘white bread and coffee’. After energy adjustment women in the ‘fruit and vegetables’ cluster had the highest mean nutrient intakes. Mothers in the ‘fruit and vegetables’ cluster were more likely than mothers in ‘meat and potatoes’ (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.00; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.69–2.36) or ‘white bread and coffee’ (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.87–2.53) clusters to have children in a ‘plant‐based’ cluster. However the majority of children were in clusters unrelated to their mother dietary pattern. Three distinct dietary patterns were obtained in pregnancy; the ‘fruit and vegetables’ pattern being the most nutrient dense. Mothers' dietary patterns were associated with but did not dominate offspring dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amélia Freitas-Vilela
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew D A C Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alan Emond
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Beatriz Trindade Castro
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Meyer BJ, Byrne M, Parletta N, Gow R, Hibbeln JR. Fish Oil and Impulsive Aggressive Behavior. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2016. [PMID: 26217883 PMCID: PMC6445213 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitchell Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Parletta
- School of Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Gow
- Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lin YH, Brown JA, DiMartino C, Dahms I, Salem N, Hibbeln JR. Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 113:19-27. [PMID: 27720036 PMCID: PMC5081227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human studies and some animal work have shown more docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) was accumulated or converted from precursors in females compared to males. This study explored in-depth the effect of gender on fatty acid composition and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in rats fed one of two well-defined diets containing 10% total fat. One diet contained 15% of linoleic acid (LA) and 3% of α-linolenic acid (ALA) of the total fatty acids (LA+ALA diet), while the other diet contained 15% LA and 0.05% ALA (LA diet). At the age of 20 weeks, all animals were orally administered a single dose of a mixture of deuterium-labeled LA and ALA. Caudal venous blood was then drawn at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168h. The concentrations of the deuterated precursors and their metabolites in plasma total lipids were quantified by GC/MS negative chemical ionization. Endogenous fatty acids were quantified by GC/FID analysis. When expressed as the percentage of oral dosage, female rats accumulated more precursors and more products, deuterated DHA and deuterated n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (2H5-DPAn-6), in plasma than did male rats in both the LA+ALA diet and the LA diet. For the endogenous non-labeled PUFA, greater concentrations of DHA and DPAn-6 were similarly observed in female rats compared to males within each diet. A lower concentration of non-labeled ARA was observed only in female rats fed the LA+ALA diet. In summary, greater endogenous and exogenous DHA and DPAn-6 was observed in female rat plasma and this was independent of dietary ALA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Lin
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - James A Brown
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carmine DiMartino
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irina Dahms
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, LLC, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Norman Salem
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, LLC, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Hallahan B, Ryan T, Hibbeln JR, Murray IT, Glynn S, Ramsden CE, SanGiovanni JP, Davis JM. Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:192-201. [PMID: 27103682 PMCID: PMC9406129 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials evaluating efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in major depressive disorder report discrepant findings. AIMS To establish the reasons underlying inconsistent findings among randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of omega-3 HUFAs for depression and to assess implications for further trials. METHOD A systematic bibliographic search of double-blind RCTs was conducted between January 1980 and July 2014 and an exploratory hypothesis-testing meta-analysis performed in 35 RCTs including 6665 participants receiving omega-3 HUFAs and 4373 participants receiving placebo. RESULTS Among participants with diagnosed depression, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-predominant formulations (>50% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits compared with placebo (Hedge's G = 0.61, P<0.001) whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-predominant formulations (>50% DHA) did not. EPA failed to prevent depressive symptoms among populations not diagnosed for depression. CONCLUSIONS Further RCTs should be conducted on study populations with diagnosed or clinically significant depression of adequate duration using EPA-predominant omega-3 HUFA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hallahan
- Brian Hallahan, MRCPsych, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Timothy Ryan, BA, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Joseph R. Hibbeln, MD, Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA; Ivan T. Murray, MRCPsych, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland; Shauna Glynn, MRCPsych, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Castlebar, Mayo, Ireland; Christopher E. Ramsden, MD, John Paul SanGiovanni, ScD, Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA; John M. Davis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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32
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Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Amarasiriwardena C, Jayawardene I, Bellinger DC, Hibbeln JR, Wright RO, Gillman MW. Maternal prenatal fish consumption and cognition in mid childhood: Mercury, fatty acids, and selenium. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 57:71-78. [PMID: 27381635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies of maternal prenatal fish intake have included biomarkers of exposure to mercury, long-chain n-3 fatty acids, and selenium, which are hypothesized to mediate associations with child neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES Examine associations of maternal prenatal fish intake with child neurodevelopment accounting for biomarkers. METHODS In 1999-2002 we enrolled pregnant women into the Project Viva cohort. At median 27.9weeks gestation, we estimated maternal fish intake using food frequency questionnaires, and collected blood. We assayed erythrocytes for total mercury and selenium, and plasma for fatty acids including n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In mid-childhood (median 7.7years), we administered cognitive tests including the Kauffman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT). We performed multivariable linear regression analyses adjusting for maternal and child characteristics including home environment and maternal intelligence. RESULTS Among 1068 pairs (872 with blood), mean (SD) exposures were: maternal fish intake 1.7 (1.5)servings/week, mercury 4.0 (3.6)ng/g, DHA+EPA 98.4 (41.8)mcg/ml, selenium 205.6 (34.6)ng/ml. Child KBIT verbal scores (mean 112.2, SD 15.0) were not related to any exposures: maternal fish intake (0.15; 95% CI: -0.50, 0.79), mercury (0.08; -0.18, 0.35), DHA+EPA (0.01; -0.22, 0.24), and selenium (0.20; -0.09, 0.50). Associations with KBIT nonverbal scores and tests of memory and visual motor abilities were similarly null. Mutual adjustment for each of the exposure measures did not substantially change estimates. CONCLUSIONS In this population with an average fish consumption of about 1 1/2 weekly servings, we did not see any evidence for an association of maternal prenatal fish intake, or of mercury, DHA+EPA, or selenium status, with verbal or non-verbal intelligence, visual motor function, or visual memory at median 7.7years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Innocent Jayawardene
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Hanson JA, Lin YH, Dretsch MN, Strandjord SE, Haub MD, Hibbeln JR. Whole food, functional food, and supplement sources of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 HUFA scores among U.S. soldiers. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Majchrzak-Hong S, Faurot KR, Broste SK, Frantz RP, Davis JM, Ringel A, Suchindran CM, Hibbeln JR. Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73). BMJ 2016; 353:i1246. [PMID: 27071971 PMCID: PMC4836695 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the traditional diet-heart hypothesis through recovery and analysis of previously unpublished data from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment (MCE) and to put findings in the context of existing diet-heart randomized controlled trials through a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN The MCE (1968-73) is a double blind randomized controlled trial designed to test whether replacement of saturated fat with vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid reduces coronary heart disease and death by lowering serum cholesterol. Recovered MCE unpublished documents and raw data were analyzed according to hypotheses prespecified by original investigators. Further, a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that lowered serum cholesterol by providing vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid in place of saturated fat without confounding by concomitant interventions was conducted. SETTING One nursing home and six state mental hospitals in Minnesota, United States. PARTICIPANTS Unpublished documents with completed analyses for the randomized cohort of 9423 women and men aged 20-97; longitudinal data on serum cholesterol for the 2355 participants exposed to the study diets for a year or more; 149 completed autopsy files. INTERVENTIONS Serum cholesterol lowering diet that replaced saturated fat with linoleic acid (from corn oil and corn oil polyunsaturated margarine). Control diet was high in saturated fat from animal fats, common margarines, and shortenings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Death from all causes; association between changes in serum cholesterol and death; and coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarcts detected at autopsy. RESULTS The intervention group had significant reduction in serum cholesterol compared with controls (mean change from baseline -13.8%v-1.0%; P<0.001). Kaplan Meier graphs showed no mortality benefit for the intervention group in the full randomized cohort or for any prespecified subgroup. There was a 22% higher risk of death for each 30 mg/dL (0.78 mmol/L) reduction in serum cholesterol in covariate adjusted Cox regression models (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.32; P<0.001). There was no evidence of benefit in the intervention group for coronary atherosclerosis or myocardial infarcts. Systematic review identified five randomized controlled trials for inclusion (n=10,808). In meta-analyses, these cholesterol lowering interventions showed no evidence of benefit on mortality from coronary heart disease (1.13, 0.83 to 1.54) or all cause mortality (1.07, 0.90 to 1.27). CONCLUSIONS Available evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that replacement of saturated fat in the diet with linoleic acid effectively lowers serum cholesterol but does not support the hypothesis that this translates to a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease or all causes. Findings from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment add to growing evidence that incomplete publication has contributed to overestimation of the benefits of replacing saturated fat with vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Majchrzak-Hong
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert P Frantz
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chirayath M Suchindran
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ramsden CE, Ringel A, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Yang J, Blanchard H, Zamora D, Loewke JD, Rapoport SI, Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Hammock BD, Taha AY. Dietary linoleic acid-induced alterations in pro- and anti-nociceptive lipid autacoids: Implications for idiopathic pain syndromes? Mol Pain 2016; 12:1744806916636386. [PMID: 27030719 PMCID: PMC4955998 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916636386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic idiopathic pain syndromes are major causes of personal suffering, disability, and societal expense. Dietary n-6 linoleic acid has increased markedly in modern industrialized populations over the past century. These high amounts of linoleic acid could hypothetically predispose to physical pain by increasing the production of pro-nociceptive linoleic acid-derived lipid autacoids and by interfering with the production of anti-nociceptive lipid autacoids derived from n-3 fatty acids. Here, we used a rat model to determine the effect of increasing dietary linoleic acid as a controlled variable for 15 weeks on nociceptive lipid autacoids and their precursor n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in tissues associated with idiopathic pain syndromes. RESULTS Increasing dietary linoleic acid markedly increased the abundance of linoleic acid and its pro-nociceptive derivatives and reduced the abundance of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and their anti-nociceptive monoepoxide derivatives. Diet-induced changes occurred in a tissue-specific manner, with marked alterations of nociceptive lipid autacoids in both peripheral and central tissues, and the most pronounced changes in their fatty acid precursors in peripheral tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide biochemical support for the hypothesis that the high linoleic acid content of modern industrialized diets may create a biochemical susceptibility to develop chronic pain. Dietary linoleic acid lowering should be further investigated as part of an integrative strategy for the prevention and management of idiopathic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Daisy Zamora
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James D Loewke
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Marriott BP, Hibbeln JR, Killeen TK, Magruder KM, Holes-Lewis K, Tolliver BK, Turner TH. Design and methods for the Better Resiliency Among Veterans and non-Veterans with Omega-3's (BRAVO) study: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation among adult individuals at risk of suicide. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 47:325-33. [PMID: 26855120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Suicide remains the 10th leading cause of death among adults in the United States (U.S.). Annually, approximately 30 per 100,000 U.S. military Veterans commit suicide, compared to 14 per 100,000 U.S. civilians. Symptoms associated with suicidality can be treatment resistant and proven-effective pharmaceuticals may have adverse side-effects. Thus, a critical need remains to identify effective approaches for building psychological resiliency in at-risk individuals. Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs) are essential nutrients, which must be consumed in the diet. N-3 HUFAs have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and impulsivity - which are associated with suicide risk. Here we present the design and methods for the Better Resiliency Among Veterans and non-Veterans with Omega-3's (BRAVO) study, which is a double blind, randomized, controlled trial among individuals at risk of suicide of an n-3 HUFA versus placebo supplementation in the form of all natural fruit juice beverages. The BRAVO study seeks to determine if dietary supplementation with n-3 HUFAs reduces the risk for serious suicidal behaviors, suicidal thinking, negative emotions, and symptoms associated with suicide risk. Sub-analyses will evaluate efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms, alcohol, and nicotine use. A sub-study utilizes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the neuropsychological and neurophysiological effects of n-3 HUFAs. We also outline selection of appropriate proxy outcome measures for detecting response to treatment and collection of ancillary data, such as diet and substance use, that are critical for interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette P Marriott
- Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Ste. 630D, MSC774, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, LMBB, NIAAA, NIH 5625 Fishers Lane, Rm 3N-07, MSC 9410, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Therese K Killeen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., PO Box 25086, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kathryn M Magruder
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Military Science Division, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Office of Research Integrity, Medical University of South Carolina, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Kelly Holes-Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Brain Research and Integrative Neuropsychopharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bryan K Tolliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Addiction Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Travis H Turner
- Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29410, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Neurosciences/Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Wells EM, Herbstman JB, Lin YH, Jarrett J, Verdon CP, Ward C, Caldwell KL, Hibbeln JR, Witter FR, Halden RU, Goldman LR. Cord Blood Methylmercury and Fetal Growth Outcomes in Baltimore Newborns: Potential Confounding and Effect Modification by Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Selenium, and Sex. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:373-9. [PMID: 26115160 PMCID: PMC4786979 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) may affect fetal growth; however, prior research often lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the relationship between MeHg and fetal growth as well as the potential for confounding or interaction of this relationship from speciated mercury, fatty acids, selenium, and sex. METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 271 singletons born in Baltimore, Maryland, 2004-2005. Umbilical cord blood was analyzed for speciated mercury, serum omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs), and selenium. Multivariable linear regression models controlled for gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, selenium, n-3 HUFAs, and inorganic mercury (IHg). RESULTS Geometric mean cord blood MeHg was 0.94 μg/L (95% CI: 0.84, 1.07). In adjusted models for ponderal index, βln(MeHg) = -0.045 (g/cm(3)) × 100 (95% CI: -0.084, -0.005). There was no evidence of a MeHg × sex interaction with ponderal index. Contrastingly, there was evidence of a MeHg × n-3 HUFAs interaction with birth length [among low n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = 0.40 cm, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.81; among high n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.54, 0.25; p-interaction = 0.048] and head circumference [among low n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = 0.01 cm, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.29; among high n-3 HUFAs, βln(MeHg) = -0.37, 95% CI: -0.63, -0.10; p-interaction = 0.042]. The association of MeHg with birth weight and ponderal index was affected by n-3 HUFAs, selenium, and IHg. For birth weight, βln(MeHg) without these variables was -16.8 g (95% CI: -75.0, 41.3) versus -29.7 (95% CI: -93.9, 34.6) with all covariates. Corresponding values for ponderal index were -0.030 (g/cm(3)) × 100 (95% CI: -0.065, 0.005) and -0.045 (95% CI: -0.084, -0005). CONCLUSION We observed an association of increased MeHg with decreased ponderal index. There is evidence for interaction between MeHg and n-3 HUFAs; infants with higher MeHg and n-3 HUFAs had lower birth length and head circumference. These results should be verified with additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Address correspondence to E.M. Wells, Purdue University, School of Health Sciences; Hampton Hall of Civil Engineering 1269; 550 Stadium Mall Dr.; West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Telephone: (765) 496-3535. E-mail:
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffery Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carl P. Verdon
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia Ward
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Caldwell
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph R. Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank R. Witter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rolf U. Halden
- Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Lynn R. Goldman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Vaz JS, Kac G, Nardi AE, Hibbeln JR. Corrigendum to "Omega-6 fatty acids and greater likelihood of suicide risk and major depression in early pregnancy" [J. Affect. Disord. 152-154 (2014) 76-82]. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:893. [PMID: 28835011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Vaz
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A E Nardi
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J R Hibbeln
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Golding J, Steer CD, Gregory S, Lowery T, Hibbeln JR, Taylor CM. Dental associations with blood mercury in pregnant women. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 44:216-22. [PMID: 26688340 PMCID: PMC4840325 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives There is curiosity concerning the source of mercury that is absorbed into the mother's blood and which may affect the developing fetus. This study therefore sets out to determine the extent to which dental amalgam (DA) may contribute to total blood mercury (TBHg) levels of pregnant women in the UK. Methods Whole blood samples and information on diet and socio‐demographic factors were collected from pregnant women (n = 4484) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The whole blood samples were assayed for total mercury levels using inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP‐DRC‐MS), and the women were retrospectively asked about features of their dental care during the pregnancy. Linear regression was used to estimate the relative contributions of DA to TBHg levels (log‐transformed) based on R2 values, compared to the results from dietary and socio‐demographic variables. Results The contribution to the variance of the mothers' TBHg levels by dental variables was 6.47%, a figure comparable to the 8.75% shown for seafood consumption in this population. Dietary and dental variables explained 20.16% of the variance, with socio‐demographic variables contributing only a further 3.40%. The number of amalgams in the mouth at the start of pregnancy accounted for most of the variance in dental variables. Conclusions Dental amalgam contributes a comparable amount of variance in TBHg to seafood consumption in this population. However, because the measures of DA exposure were imprecise, these findings are likely to be an underestimate. There is no evidence to date in the literature that fetal exposures to mercury from maternal DAs have adverse effects on the developing child, but long‐term studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin D Steer
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven Gregory
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tony Lowery
- National Seafood Inspection Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Pascagoula, MS, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Salem NM, Lin YH, Moriguchi T, Lim SY, Salem N, Hibbeln JR. Distribution of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the whole rat body and 25 compartments. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 100:13-20. [PMID: 26120061 PMCID: PMC4555191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The steady state compositions of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) throughout the various viscera and tissues within the whole body of rats have not previously been described in a comprehensive manner. Dams consumed diets containing 10wt% fat (15% linoleate and 3% α-linolenate). Male offspring (n=9) at 7-week of age were euthanized and dissected into 25 compartments. Total lipid fatty acids for each compartment were quantified by GC/FID and summed for the rat whole body; total n-6 PUFA was 12wt% and total n-3 PUFA was 2.1% of total fatty acids. 18:2n-6 accounted for 84% of the total n-6 PUFA, 20:4n-6 was 12%, 18:3n-3 was 59% of the total n-3 PUFA, 20:5n-3 was 2.1%, and 22:6n-3 was 32%. The white adipose tissue contained the greatest amounts of 18:2n-6 (1.5g) and 18:3n-3 (0.2g). 20:4n-6 was highest in muscle (60mg) and liver (57mg), while 22:6n-3 was greatest in muscle (46mg), followed by liver (27mg) and carcass (20mg). In terms of fatty acid composition expressed as a percentage, 18:2n-6 was the highest in the heart (13wt%), while 18:3n-3 was about 1.3wt% for skin, white adipose tissue and fur. 20:4n-6 was highest (21-25wt%) in the circulation, kidney, and spleen, while 22:6n-3 was highest in the brain (12wt%), followed by the heart (7.9wt%), liver (5.9wt%), and spinal cord (5.1wt%). Selectivity was greatest when comparing 22:6n-3 in brain (12%) to white adipose (0.08%) (68-fold) and 22:5n-6 in testes (15.6%) compared to white adipose (0.02%), 780-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Salem
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Y H Lin
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - T Moriguchi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Y Lim
- Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - N Salem
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Columbia, MD, United States
| | - J R Hibbeln
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Gow RV, Hibbeln JR, Parletta N. Current evidence and future directions for research with omega-3 fatty acids and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:133-8. [PMID: 25581035 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutritional insufficiencies of nutrients such as omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), vitamins and minerals have been linked to suboptimal developmental outcomes including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the predominant treatment is currently psychostimulant medications, randomized clinical trials with omega-3 HUFAs have reported small-to-modest effects in reducing symptoms of ADHD in children despite arguable individual methodological and design misgivings. RECENT FINDINGS This review presents, discusses and critically evaluates data and findings from meta-analytic and systematic reviews and clinical trials published within the last 12 months. Recent trajectories of this research are discussed, such as comparing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and testing the efficacy of omega-3 HUFAs as an adjunct to methylphenidate. Discussion includes highlighting limitations and potential future directions such as addressing variable findings by accounting for other nutritional deficiencies and behavioural food intolerances. SUMMARY The authors conclude that given the current economic burden of ADHD, estimated in the region of $77 billion in the USA alone, in addition to the fact that a proportion of patients with ADHD are either treatment resistant, nonresponders or withdraw from medication because of adverse side-effects, the investigation of nonpharmacological interventions including omega-3 HUFAs in clinical practice warrants extrapolating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Gow
- aSection of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA bSchool of Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Marriott BP, Yu K, Majchrzak-Hong S, Johnson J, Hibbeln JR. Understanding Diet and Modeling Changes in the Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Composition of U.S. Garrison Foods for Active Duty Personnel. Mil Med 2014; 179:168-75. [DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Hibbeln JR, Gow RV. The Potential for Military Diets to Reduce Depression, Suicide, and Impulsive Aggression: A Review of Current Evidence for Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids. Mil Med 2014; 179:117-28. [DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Golding J, Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y, Lingam R, Davis JM, Emmett P, Steer CD, Hibbeln JR. Parental, prenatal, and neonatal associations with ball skills at age 8 using an exposome approach. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:1390-8. [PMID: 24828115 PMCID: PMC4388909 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814530501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is little consistency in the literature concerning factors that influence motor coordination in children. A hypothesis-free "exposome" approach was used with 7359 children using longitudinal information covering 3 generations in regard to throwing a ball accurately at age 7 years. The analyses showed an independent robust negative association with mother's unhappiness in her midchildhood (6-11 years). No such association was present for study fathers. The offspring of parents who described themselves as having poor eyesight had poorer ability. This hypothesis-free approach has identified a strong negative association with an unhappy childhood. Future studies of this cohort will be used to determine whether the mechanism is manifest through differing parenting skills, or a biological mechanism reflecting epigenetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Gregory
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pauline Emmett
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Steer
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lin YH, Hanson JA, Strandjord SE, Salem NM, Dretsch MN, Haub MD, Hibbeln JR. Fast transmethylation of total lipids in dried blood by microwave irradiation and its application to a population study. Lipids 2014; 49:839-51. [PMID: 24986160 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A methodology combining finger-pricked blood sampling, microwave accelerated fatty acid assay, fast gas chromatography data acquisition, and automated data processing was developed, evaluated and applied to a population study. Finger-pricked blood was collected on filter paper previously impregnated with 0.05 mg of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene and air-dried at room temperature. Transmethylation was accelerated by microwave irradiation in an explosion-proof multimode microwave reaction system. The chemical procedure was based on a one-step direct transmethylation procedure catalyzed by acetyl chloride. The short-term stability of PUFA in blood dried on filter paper and storage at room temperature was examined using venous blood. The recoveries ranged from 97 to 101 % for the categorized fatty acids as well as the ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFA and the n-3 % highly unsaturated fatty acid. Specifically, recoveries were 99, 98, 97, and 97 % for linoleic acid (18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (ARA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. The mol% (mean ± SD, 95 % confidence interval) of fatty acid composition in subjects from the population study was determined as 36.2 ± 3.8 (35.8, 36.7), 23.2 ± 3.0 (22.8, 23.5), 36.8 ± 3.5 (36.4, 37.2) and 3.79 ± 1.0 (3.68, 3.91) for the saturated, monounsaturated, n-6 and n-3 PUFA, respectively. Individually, the mean mol% (95 % CI) was 22.6 (22.3, 22.9) for 18:2n-6, 9.5 (9.3, 9.7) for ARA, 0.51 (0.49, 0.53) for ALA, 0.42 (0.38, 0.47) for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1.67 (1.61, 1.73) for DHA. This methodology provides an accelerated yet high-efficiency, chemically safe, and temperature-controlled transmethylation, with diverse laboratory applications including population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,
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Abstract
Nutritional insufficiencies of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) may have adverse effects on brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. A recent meta-analysis reported a small to modest effect size for the efficacy of omega-3 in youth. Several controlled trials of omega-3 HUFAs combined with micronutrients show sizable reductions in aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior in youth and young adult prisoners. Studies of HUFAs in youth, however, remain lacking. As the evidence base for omega-3 HUFAs as potential psychiatric treatment develops, dietary adjustments to increase omega-3 and reduce omega-6 HUFA consumption are sensible recommendations based on general health considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Gow
- Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Building 31, Room 1B54, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-01, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
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Taha AY, Cheon Y, Faurot KF, Macintosh B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Mann JD, Hibbeln JR, Ringel A, Ramsden CE. Dietary omega-6 fatty acid lowering increases bioavailability of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human plasma lipid pools. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:151-7. [PMID: 24675168 PMCID: PMC4035030 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) lowering in rats reduces n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) plasma concentrations and increases n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) concentrations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which 12 weeks of dietary n-6 PUFA lowering, with or without increased dietary n-3 PUFAs, alters unesterified and esterified plasma n-6 and n-3 PUFA concentrations in subjects with chronic headache. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Subjects with chronic headache were randomized for 12 weeks to (1) average n-3, low n-6 (L6) diet; or (2) high n-3, low n-6 LA (H3-L6) diet. Esterified and unesterified plasma fatty acids were quantified at baseline (0 weeks) and after 12 weeks on a diet. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the L6 diet reduced esterified plasma LA and increased esterified n-3 PUFA concentrations (nmol/ml), but did not significantly change plasma arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) concentration. In addition, unesterified EPA concentration was increased significantly among unesterified fatty acids. The H3-L6 diet decreased esterified LA and AA concentrations, and produced more marked increases in esterified and unesterified n-3 PUFA concentrations. CONCLUSION Dietary n-6 PUFA lowering for 12 weeks significantly reduces LA and increases n-3 PUFA concentrations in plasma, without altering plasma AA concentration. A concurrent increase in dietary n-3 PUFAs for 12 weeks further increases n-3 PUFA plasma concentrations and reduces AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Y Taha
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yewon Cheon
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keturah F Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Beth Macintosh
- Nutrition Research and Metabolism Core, North Carolina Translational Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Douglas Mann
- Department of Neurology, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Golding J, Steer CD, Lowery T, Jones R, Hibbeln JR. Fish consumption and blood mercury levels: Golding et al. respond. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:A120-A121. [PMID: 24787643 PMCID: PMC4014771 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307997r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Brenna JT, Burdge GC, Crawford MA, Clayton P, Cunnane SC, Gow R, Hibbeln JR, Sinclair AJ, Stein J, Willatts P. RE: Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in the SELECT trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju015. [PMID: 24685922 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Brenna
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (JTB); University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (GCB); Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College, London, UK (MAC); Institute of Food Brain and Behaviour, Oxford, UK (PC); University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (SCC); National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (RG, JRH); Department of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (AJS); Department of Physiology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK (JFS); School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK (PW)
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Golding J, Steer CD, Lowery T, Hibbeln JR. ALSPAC mercury study and fish consumers: Golding et al. respond. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:A38-A39. [PMID: 24486699 PMCID: PMC3915271 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307757r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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