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Duro MV, Van Valkenburgh J, Ingles DE, Tran J, Cai Z, Ebright B, Wang S, Kerman BE, Galvan J, Hwang SH, Sta Maria NS, Zanderigo F, Croteau E, Cunnane SC, Rapoport SI, Louie SG, Jacobs RE, Yassine HN, Chen K. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 22-[ 18F]Fluorodocosahexaenoic Acid as a Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Monitoring Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Uptake Kinetics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4409-4418. [PMID: 38048230 PMCID: PMC10739598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3), DHA], a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has an important role in regulating neuronal functions and in normal brain development. Dysregulated brain DHA uptake and metabolism are found in individuals carrying the APOE4 allele, which increases the genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and are implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. However, there are limited tools to assess brain DHA kinetics in vivo that can be translated to humans. Here, we report the synthesis of an ω-radiofluorinated PET probe of DHA, 22-[18F]fluorodocosahexaenoic acid (22-[18F]FDHA), for imaging the uptake of DHA into the brain. Using the nonradiolabeled 22-FDHA, we confirmed that fluorination of DHA at the ω-position does not significantly alter the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA in microglial cells. Through dynamic PET-MR studies using mice, we observed the accumulation of 22-[18F]FDHA in the brain over time and estimated DHA's incorporation coefficient (K*) using an image-derived input function. Finally, DHA brain K* was validated using intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg arecoline, a natural product known to increase the DHA K* in rodents. 22-[18F]FDHA is a promising PET probe that can reveal altered lipid metabolism in APOE4 carriers, AD, and other neurologic disorders. This new probe, once translated into humans, would enable noninvasive and longitudinal studies of brain DHA dynamics by guiding both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon
Vincent V. Duro
- Department
of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department
of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Diana E. Ingles
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Jenny Tran
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Zhiheng Cai
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Alfred
E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Bilal E. Kerman
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Jasmin Galvan
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Naomi S. Sta Maria
- Zilkha
Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Molecular
Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York
State Psychiatric Institute, New
York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Sherbrooke
Center for Molecular Imaging, University
of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Cunnane
- Research
Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9304, United States
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Alfred
E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Russell E. Jacobs
- Zilkha
Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Department
of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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Van Valkenburgh J, Duro MVV, Burnham E, Chen Q, Wang S, Tran J, Kerman BE, Hwang SH, Liu X, Sta Maria NS, Zanderigo F, Croteau E, Rapoport SI, Cunnane SC, Jacobs RE, Yassine HN, Chen K. Radiosynthesis of 20-[ 18F]fluoroarachidonic acid for PET-MR imaging: Biological evaluation in ApoE4-TR mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102510. [PMID: 36341886 PMCID: PMC9888757 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysreglulated brain arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is involved in chronic inflammation and is influenced by apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, the strongest genetic risk factor of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Visualization of AA uptake and distribution in the brain can offer insight into neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis. Here we present a novel synthesis and radiosynthesis of 20-[18F]fluoroarachidonic acid ([18F]-FAA) for PET imaging using a convergent route and a one-pot, single-purification radiolabeling procedure, and demonstrate its brain uptake in human ApoE4 targeted replacement (ApoE4-TR) mice. By examining p38 phosphorylation in astrocytes, we found that fluorination of AA at the ω-position did not significantly alter its biochemical role in cells. The brain incorporation coefficient (K*) of [18F]-FAA was estimated via multiple methods by using an image-derived input function from the right ventricle of the heart as a proxy of the arterial input function and brain tracer concentrations assessed by dynamic PET-MR imaging. This new synthetic approach should facilitate the practical [18F]-FAA production and allow its translation into clinical use, making investigations of dysregulation of lipid metabolism more feasible in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Marlon Vincent V Duro
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Erica Burnham
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, CA, United States of America
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, CA, United States of America
| | - Jenny Tran
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, CA, United States of America
| | - Bilal E Kerman
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, CA, United States of America
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Naomi S Sta Maria
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America; Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Russell E Jacobs
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, CA, United States of America.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
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Wang S, Li B, Solomon V, Fonteh A, Rapoport SI, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Chui HC, Miller C, Sullivan PM, Wang HY, Yassine HN. Calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A 2 activation is implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with ApoE4. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:26. [PMID: 33863362 PMCID: PMC8052701 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with a greater response to neuroinflammation and the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms for this association are not clear. The activation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in inflammatory signaling and is elevated within the plaques of AD brains. The relation between APOE4 genotype and cPLA2 activity is not known. METHODS Mouse primary astrocytes, mouse and human brain samples differing by APOE genotypes were collected for measuring cPLA2 expression, phosphorylation, and activity in relation to measures of inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation, cPLA2 activity and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were identified in ApoE4 compared to ApoE3 in primary astrocytes, brains of ApoE-targeted replacement (ApoE-TR) mice, and in human brain homogenates from the inferior frontal cortex of patients with AD carrying APOE3/E4 compared to APOE3/E3. Greater cPLA2 phosphorylation was also observed in human postmortem frontal cortical synaptosomes and primary astrocytes after treatment with recombinant ApoE4 ex vivo. In ApoE4 astrocytes, the greater levels of LTB4, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were reduced after cPLA2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate greater activation of cPLA2 signaling system with APOE4, which could represent a potential drug target for mitigating the increased neuroinflammation with APOE4 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alfred Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Carol Miller
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Patrick M. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham Veterans Health Administration Medical Center’s Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Hoau-Yan Wang
- The City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Graduate School of The City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Mina Y, Wu T, Hsieh HC, Hammoud DA, Shah S, Lau CY, Ham L, Snow J, Horne E, Ganesan A, Rapoport SI, Tramont EC, Reich DS, Agan BK, Nath A, Smith BR. Association of White Matter Hyperintensities With HIV Status and Vascular Risk Factors. Neurology 2021; 96:e1823-e1834. [PMID: 33637630 PMCID: PMC8105972 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are more common in people living with HIV (PLWH), even in the setting of well-controlled infection, and to identify clinical measures that correlate with these abnormalities. METHODS Research brain MRI scans, acquired within longitudinal studies evaluating neurocognitive outcomes, were reviewed to determine WMH load using the Fazekas visual rating scale in PLWH with well-controlled infection (antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year and plasma viral load <200 copies/mL) and in sociodemographically matched controls without HIV (CWOH). The primary outcome measure of this cross-sectional analysis was increased WMH load, determined by total Fazekas score ≥2. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of HIV serostatus on WMH load and to identify MRI, CSF, and clinical variables that associate with WMH in the PLWH group. RESULTS The study included 203 PLWH and 58 CWOH who completed a brain MRI scan between April 2014 and March 2019. The multiple logistic regression analysis, with age and history of tobacco use as covariates, showed that the adjusted odds ratio of the PLWH group for increased WMH load is 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.8-7.5; p = 0.0004). For the PLWH group, increased WMH load was associated with older age, male sex, tobacco use, hypertension, and hepatitis C virus coinfection, and also with the presence of measurable tumor necrosis factor α in CSF. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HIV serostatus affects the extent of brain WMH. This effect is mainly associated with aging and modifiable comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Mina
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Tianxia Wu
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Hsing-Chuan Hsieh
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Swati Shah
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Lillian Ham
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph Snow
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth Horne
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Edmund C Tramont
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel S Reich
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian K Agan
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Avindra Nath
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Bryan R Smith
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Y.M., T.W., E.H., D.S.R., A.N., B.R.S.), Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center (D.A.H., S.S.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (C.-Y.L., E.C.T.), National Institute of Mental Health (L.H., J.S.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (Y.M.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc. (H.-C.H., A.G., B.K.A.), Bethesda, MD.
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Rapoport SI. Aspirin and celecoxib may help to rectify a neurotransmission imbalance in bipolar disorder. Med Hypotheses 2021; 149:110536. [PMID: 33618245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood stabilizers with disparate chemical structures are approved for treating bipolar disorder, but their mechanisms of action are not agreed on. However, when administered to unanesthetized rats at clinically relevant doses, they modulate neurotransmission involving arachidonic acid and brain activity of COX-2, which oxidizes arachidonic acid within the arachidonic acid metabolic cascade. HYPOTHESIS Inhibiting COX-2 directly might enhance mood stabilizer effects in bipolar disorder patients. OBSERVATIONS This paper reviews randomized controlled trials that showed that celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, or low-dose aspirin, which inhibits COX-1 and inhibits/acetylates COX-2, reduced bipolar symptoms in patients on mood stabilizers. More convincing are two population based pharmacoepidemiological studies that each demonstrated that chronic low dose aspirin reduced bipolar severity markers in patients on mood stabilizers. CONCLUSIONS This clinical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that low-dose chronic aspirin and celecoxib, which can inhibit COX-2 and enter brain, can be repurposed in bipolar disorder to enhance mood stabilizer effects on arachidonic acid metabolism and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I Rapoport
- Laboratory on Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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6
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Rapoport SI, Hibbeln JR. THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF BRAIN ARACHIDONIC ACID CASCADE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER BY LOW DOSE ASPIRIN AND CELECOXIB. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 159:102118. [PMID: 32505122 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in unanesthetized rats suggest that mood stabilizers approved for treating bipolar disorder downregulate brain arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. AA plays a role in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, among other processes. Other drugs that reduce brain AA metabolism may add to mood stabilizer action. METHODS We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and population studies to examine whether celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, and acetylsalicylate (aspirin), a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor and acetylator, were useful in bipolar disorder patients on mood stabilizers. COX-1 and COX-2 metabolize AA to bioactive eicosanoids. RESULTS Celecoxib significantly enhanced mood stabilizer efficacy in two 6-week RCTs involving 86 manic bipolar inpatients, and in one 8-week RCT on 49 patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression. With regard to aspirin, a Dutch pharmacoepidemiological study involving 5145 subjects taking lithium reported symptom reduction with added chronic low dose 30-80 mg/day aspirin, while a Danish study on 321,350 subjects taking chronic 75-150 mg/day aspirin found fewer manic episodes than in subjects not on aspirin. Finally, a recent 6-week RCT using low-dose aspirin and/or minocycline showed a specific positive effect of aspirin. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy of both celecoxib and aspirin as adjuncts to mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder is consistent with the AA hypothesis for mood stabilizer action in that disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I Rapoport
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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7
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De Alwis PM, Smith BR, Wu T, Artrip C, Steinbach S, Morse C, Lau CY, Rapoport SI, Snow J, Tramont E, Reich DS, Nair G, Nath A. In-vivo MRI Reveals Changes to Intracerebral Vasculature Caliber in HIV Infection. Front Neurol 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 31297086 PMCID: PMC6607694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To characterize cerebral arterial remodeling in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals in-vivo, and to study its clinical and immunological associations. Methods: T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imagining sequences was used to determine cross-sectional area (vascular caliber) of the anterior (A1 segment) and middle (M1 segment) cerebral arteries in HIV- (control) and HIV+ subjects on antiretroviral therapy. Correlations of A1 caliber with clinical, demographic parameters, and immunological markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined using multivariable analyses. Results: A1 and M1 calibers from 22 HIV- control subjects (age: median 48.5 years, range 22-60 years, 55% male) and 61 HIV+ subjects (age: median 53 years, range 25–60 years, 67% male) were studied. ANCOVA, adjusting for ethnicity and sex (age was not correlated with M1 or A1 caliber in either group), revealed that HIV+ subjects had larger caliber in the A1 segment than HIV- subjects (4.95 ± 0.14 mm2, and 4.47 ± 0.21 mm2 respectively, p = 0.048), but caliber of the M1 segment did not differ among the groups (7.21 ± 0.14 mm2 and 7.09 ± 0.23 mm2 respectively, p = 0.65). In the HIV+ cohort, longer disease duration and higher current CD4 T-cell count were associated with reduced A1 caliber (r =−0.42 and −0.33 respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, increase in cardiovascular disease risk (CVD risk) was associated with a decrease in A1 caliber in the HIV group (r = −0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study reveals an increase in A1 caliber in the HIV+ cohort, compared to control subjects, which is especially prominent in early phase of the disease. This increase in caliber may be associated with acute pathological processes in HIV during the initial stages of infection resulting in loss of compliance or thinning of the arterial wall. At later stages, such changes may be confounded by arteriosclerotic changes that are common in later stages of HIV infection. This study suggests there is extensive vessel remodeling in various stages of infection. Long-term longitudinal follow-up of this cohort is planned to further verify this hypothesis and to better understand this MRI marker of intracranial vascular caliber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paba M De Alwis
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bryan R Smith
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tianxia Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristah Artrip
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sally Steinbach
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Caryn Morse
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Snow
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edmund Tramont
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel S Reich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Govind Nair
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Taha AY, Hennebelle M, Yang J, Zamora D, Rapoport SI, Hammock BD, Ramsden CE. Regulation of rat plasma and cerebral cortex oxylipin concentrations with increasing levels of dietary linoleic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 138:71-80. [PMID: 27282298 PMCID: PMC5106341 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the North American diet and is a precursor to circulating bioactive fatty acid metabolites implicated in brain disorders. This exploratory study tested the effects of increasing dietary LA on plasma and cerebral cortex metabolites derived from LA, its elongation-desaturation products dihomo-gamma linolenic (DGLA, 20:3n-6) acid and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), as well as omega-3 alpha-linolenic (α-LNA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Plasma and cortex were obtained from rats fed a 0.4%, 5.2% or 10.5% energy LA diet for 15 weeks and subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Total oxylipin concentrations, representing the esterified and unesterified pool, and unesterified oxylipins derived from LA and AA were significantly increased and EPA metabolites decreased in plasma at 5.2% or 10.5% energy LA compared to 0.4% energy LA. Unesterified plasma DHA metabolites also decreased at 10.5% energy LA. In cortex, total and unesterified LA and AA metabolites increased and unesterified EPA metabolites decreased at 5.2% or 10.5% LA. DGLA and α-LNA metabolites did not significantly change in plasma or cortex. Dietary LA lowering represents a feasible approach for targeting plasma and brain LA, AA, EPA or DHA-derived metabolite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Hammoud DA, Sinharay S, Steinbach S, Wakim PG, Geannopoulos K, Traino K, Dey AK, Tramont E, Rapoport SI, Snow J, Mehta NN, Smith BR, Nath A. Global and regional brain hypometabolism on FDG-PET in treated HIV-infected individuals. Neurology 2018; 91:e1591-e1601. [PMID: 30258017 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively measure brain glucose metabolism in treated HIV-positive individuals with [18F]-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional comparison of FDG uptake in 47 treated HIV+ individuals, 10 age-matched controls (HIV-) sharing many of the comorbid conditions seen in the HIV+ group, and 19 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). We compared whole-brain (WB) and regional FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) of select subcortical/central structures among the groups and correlated the values to clinical and neuropsychological assessments. A variable selection model was used to predict SUVs in HIV+ (n = 47) and in combined HIV+ and HIV- participants (n = 57). RESULTS We found lower WB SUVmax in HIV+ participants compared to HCs but not to HIV- participants. Among the relative SUVmean measurements (regional SUVmean/WB SUVmean), only relative thalamic uptake values were lower in HIV+ compared to HIV- participants. When HIV+ and HIV- participants were grouped, cardiovascular disease risk scores best predicted WB SUVmean and SUVmax, while HIV status best predicted thalamic relative SUVmean. CONCLUSIONS We identified an important role for cardiovascular disease in neuronal loss/dysfunction, as measured by FDG-PET, in treated HIV+ patients. This underscores the need for shifting the focus of clinical intervention in this vulnerable population from HIV effects alone to a wider set of comorbid conditions, mainly cardiovascular disease. Only the thalamus showed significantly lower relative uptake in the HIV+ compared to the HC and HIV- groups. This needs to be further evaluated for underlying pathophysiology and potential association with memory, executive functioning, and attention deficits seen in the HIV+ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Hammoud
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sally Steinbach
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul G Wakim
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrina Geannopoulos
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine Traino
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amit K Dey
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edmund Tramont
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph Snow
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bryan R Smith
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Avindra Nath
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences (D.A.H., S. Sinharay), Clinical Center, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (S. Steinbach, K.G., B.R.S., A.N.), Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (P.G.W.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health (K.T., J.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (A.K.D., N.N.M.), National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (E.T.), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (S.I.R.), NIH, Bethesda, MD
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10
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Lin YH, Hibbeln JR, Domenichiello AF, Ramsden CE, Salem NM, Chen CT, Jin H, Courville AB, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP, Miller BV. Quantitation of Human Whole-Body Synthesis-Secretion Rates of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoate Acid from Circulating Unesterified α-Linolenic Acid at Steady State. Lipids 2018; 53:547-558. [PMID: 30074625 PMCID: PMC6105524 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rate at which dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) is desaturated and elongated to its longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in humans is not agreed upon. In this study, we applied a methodology developed using rodents to investigate the whole-body, presumably hepatic, synthesis-secretion rates of esterified n-3 PUFA from circulating unesterified ALA in 2 healthy overweight women after 10 weeks of low-linoleate diet exposure. During continuous iv infusion of d5-ALA, 17 arterial blood samples were collected from each subject at -10, 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 210 min, and at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h after beginning infusion. Plasma esterified d5-n-3 PUFA concentrations were plotted against the infusion time and fit to a sigmoidal curve using nonlinear regression. These curves were used to estimate kinetic parameters using a kinetic analysis developed using rodents. Calculated synthesis-secretion rates of esterified eicosapentaenoate, n-3 docosapentaenoate, docosahexaenoic acid, tetracosapentaenate, and tetracosahexaenoate from circulating unesterified ALA were 2.1 and 2.7; 1.7 and 5.3; 0.47 and 0.27; 0.30 and 0.30; and 0.32 and 0.27 mg/day for subjects S01 and S02, respectively. This study provides new estimates of whole-body synthesis-secretion rates of esterified longer-chain n-3 PUFA from circulating unesterified ALA in human subjects. This method now can be extended to study factors that regulate human whole-body PUFA synthesis-secretion in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Lin
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, DICBR, NIAAA, NIH, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- Lipid Mediator, Inflammation and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH
- DICBR, NIAAA, NIH
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Chuck T Chen
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, LMBB, DICBR, NIAAA, NIH, U.S.A
| | - Haksong Jin
- Pharmacy Department, NIH Clinical Center, NIH
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11
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Rao JS, Rapoport SI, Bosetti F. Decrease in the AP-2 DNA-Binding Activity and in the Protein Expression of AP-2 a and AP-2 b in Frontal Cortex of Rats Treated with Lithium for 6 Weeks. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:456. [PMID: 29230033 PMCID: PMC5729572 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.125.
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12
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Rao JS, Ertley RN, Lee HJ, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP. Chronic fluoxetine upregulates activity, protein and mRNA levels of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 in rat frontal cortex. Pharmacogenomics J 2017; 17:563. [PMID: 29053139 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500391.
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13
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Zanderigo F, Kang Y, Kumar D, Nikolopoulou A, Mozley PD, Kothari PJ, He B, Schlyer D, Rapoport SI, Oquendo MA, Vallabhajosula S, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. [ 11 C]arachidonic acid incorporation measurement in human brain: Optimization for clinical use. Synapse 2017; 72. [PMID: 29144569 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is involved in signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and production of eicosanoid metabolites. The AA brain incorporation coefficient (K*) is quantifiable in vivo using [11 C]AA positron emission tomography, although repeatability remains undetermined. We evaluated K* estimates obtained with population-based metabolite correction (PBMC) and image-derived input function (IDIF) in comparison to arterial blood-based estimates, and compared repeatability. Eleven healthy volunteers underwent a [11 C]AA scan; five repeated the scan 6 weeks later, simulating a pre- and post-treatment study design. For all scans, arterial blood was sampled to measure [11 C]AA plasma radioactivity. Plasma [11 C]AA parent fraction was measured in 5 scans. K* was quantified using both blood data and IDIF, corrected for [11 C]AA parent fraction using both PBMC (from published values) and individually measured values (when available). K* repeatability was calculated in the test-retest subset. K* estimates based on blood and individual metabolites were highly correlated with estimates using PBMC with arterial input function (r = 0.943) or IDIF (r = 0.918) in the subset with measured metabolites. In the total dataset, using PBMC, IDIF-based estimates were moderately correlated with arterial input function-based estimates (r = 0.712). PBMC and IDIF-based K* estimates were ∼6.4% to ∼11.9% higher, on average, than blood-based estimates. Average K* test-retest absolute percent difference values obtained using blood data or IDIF, assuming PBMC for both, were between 6.7% and 13.9%, comparable to other radiotracers. Our results support the possibility of simplified [11 C]AA data acquisition through eliminating arterial blood sampling and metabolite analysis, while retaining comparable repeatability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zanderigo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yeona Kang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - P David Mozley
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Paresh J Kothari
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bin He
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Schlyer
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Maria A Oquendo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
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14
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Kim HW, Chang YC, Chen M, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. Retraction Note to: Chronic NMDA administration to rats increases brain pro-apoptotic factors while decreasing anti-Apoptotic factors and causes cell death. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:41. [PMID: 28482798 PMCID: PMC5422936 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Wook Kim
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yunyoung C Chang
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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15
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Kellom M, Basselin M, Keleshian VL, Chen M, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. Retraction Note to: Dose-dependent changes in neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers with synaptic marker loss in rat lipopolysaccharide infusion model of neuroinflammation. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:40. [PMID: 28482811 PMCID: PMC5423030 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kellom
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mireille Basselin
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vasken L Keleshian
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Yassine HN, Croteau E, Rawat V, Hibbeln JR, Rapoport SI, Cunnane SC, Umhau JC. DHA brain uptake and APOE4 status: a PET study with [1- 11C]-DHA. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:23. [PMID: 28335828 PMCID: PMC5364667 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor identified for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among brain lipids, alteration in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) homeostasis is implicated in AD pathogenesis. APOE4 may influence both brain DHA metabolism and cognitive outcomes. METHODS Using positron emission tomography, regional incorporation coefficients (k*), rates of DHA incorporation from plasma into the brain using [1-11C]-DHA (J in), and regional cerebral blood flow using [15O]-water were measured in 22 middle-aged healthy adults (mean age 35 years, range 19-65 years). Data were partially volume error-corrected for brain atrophy. APOE4 phenotype was determined by protein expression, and unesterified DHA concentrations were quantified in plasma. An exploratory post hoc analysis of the effect of APOE4 on DHA brain kinetics was performed. RESULTS The mean global gray matter DHA incorporation coefficient, k*, was significantly higher (16%) among APOE4 carriers (n = 9) than among noncarriers (n = 13, p = 0.046). Higher DHA incorporation coefficients were observed in several brain regions, particularly in the entorhinal subregion, an area affected early in AD pathogenesis. Cerebral blood flow, unesterified plasma DHA, and whole brain DHA incorporation rate (J in) did not differ significantly between the APOE groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an increase in the DHA incorporation coefficient in several brain regions in APOE4 carriers. These findings may contribute to understanding how APOE4 genotypes affect AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Room 210, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Varun Rawat
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Room 210, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John C Umhau
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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17
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Lee HJ, Rao JS, Ertley RN, Chang L, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP. Retraction note to: Chronic fluoxetine increases cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonic acid turnover in brain phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:523. [PMID: 27999922 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joo Lee
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jagadeesh S Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Renee N Ertley
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 9, 1S-126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College St., Room 306, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
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18
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Plavnik RG, Rapoport SI, Plavnik KR, Elman AR, Nevmerzhickij VI. ["HELICARB" - the first Russian breath test kit with 99 % C-urea for Helicobacter pylori: from idea to registration]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2017; 95:78-84. [PMID: 30299071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop and introduce in medical practice the first Russian kit for the C-urea breath test of Helicobacter pylori. The newly created kit was given the commercial name «HELICARB» and successfully passed technical, toxicological, clinical, and laboratory testing. The optimal dose of 13C-urea was determined and various devices needed to perform the test were compared. The results were approved by the Federal Service for Supervision in the health sector Roszdravnadzor) that issued the Registration certificate № RZN 2016/3773 (order № 1641 of 02.29.2016), which gives the right to manufacture and use the «HELICARB» test kit at the territory of the Russian Federation.
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19
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Axelsen PH, Murphy RC, Igarashi M, Rapoport SI. Increased ω6-Containing Phospholipids and Primary ω6 Oxidation Products in the Brain Tissue of Rats on an ω3-Deficient Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164326. [PMID: 27788153 PMCID: PMC5082804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains in both the ω3 and ω6 series are essential for normal animal brain development, and cannot be interconverted to compensate for a dietary deficiency of one or the other. Paradoxically, a dietary ω3-PUFA deficiency leads to the accumulation of docosapentaenoate (DPA, 22:5ω6), an ω6-PUFA chain that is normally scarce in the brain. We applied a high-precision LC/MS method to characterize the distribution of DPA chains across phospholipid headgroup classes, the fatty acyl chains with which they were paired, and the extent to which they were oxidatively damaged in the cortical brain of rats on an ω3-deficient diet. Results indicate that dietary ω3-PUFA deficiency markedly increased the concentrations of phospholipids with DPA chains across all headgroup subclasses, including plasmalogen species. The concentrations of phospholipids containing docosahexaenoate chains (22:6ω3) decreased 20-25%, while the concentrations of phospholipids containing arachidonate chains (20:4ω6) did not change significantly. Although DPA chains are more saturated than DHA chains, a larger fraction of DPA chains were monohydroxylated, particularly among diacyl-phosphatidylethanolamines and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamines, suggesting that they were disproportionately subjected to oxidative stress. Differences in the pathological significance of ω3 and ω6 oxidation products suggest that greater oxidative damage among the ω6 PUFAs that increase in response to dietary ω3 deficiency may have pathological significance in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Axelsen
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104–6084, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Mail Stop 8303, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, 80045–0511, United States of America
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
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20
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Saunders EF, Ramsden CE, Sherazy MS, Gelenberg AJ, Davis JM, Rapoport SI. Reconsidering Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder: A Translational Picture. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:e1342-e1347. [PMID: 27788314 PMCID: PMC6093189 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15com10431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important mediator of pathophysiology in bipolar disorder. The omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolic pathways participate in several inflammatory processes and have been linked through epidemiologic and clinical studies to bipolar disorder and its response to treatment. We review the proposed role of PUFA metabolism in neuroinflammation, modulation of brain PUFA metabolism by antimanic medications in rodent models, and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder and in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the convergence of findings between preclinical and postmortem clinical data is compelling, we investigate why human trials of PUFA as treatment are mixed. We view the biomarker and treatment study findings in light of the evidence for the hypothesis that arachidonic acid hypermetabolism contributes to bipolar disorder pathophysiology and propose that a combined high n-3 plus low n-6 diet should be tested as an adjunct to current medication in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika F.H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry and Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mostafa S. Sherazy
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Alan J. Gelenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - John M. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Office of Scientific Director, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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21
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Saunders EFH, Ramsden CE, Sherazy MS, Gelenberg AJ, Davis JM, Rapoport SI. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of Biomarker and Treatment Studies. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:e1301-e1308. [PMID: 27631140 PMCID: PMC9398217 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15r09925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that inflammation is an important mediator of pathophysiology in bipolar disorder. The omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolic pathways participate in several inflammatory processes and have been linked through epidemiologic and clinical studies to bipolar disorder and its response to treatment. We review the data on PUFAs as biomarkers in bipolar disorder and n-3 PUFA used as treatment for bipolar disorder. DATA SOURCES PubMed and CINAHL were searched for articles on PUFA and bipolar disorder published in the English language through November 6, 2013, with an updated search conducted on August 20, 2015. Keywords searched included omega 3 fatty acids and bipolar disorder, omega 3 fatty acids and bipolar mania, omega 3 fatty acids and bipolar depression, omega 3 fatty acids and mania, omega 3 fatty acids and cyclothymia, omega 3 fatty acids and hypomania, fatty acids and bipolar disorder, essential fatty acids and bipolar disorder, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bipolar disorder, DHA and bipolar disorder, and EPA and bipolar disorder. STUDY SELECTION Studies selected measured PUFAs as biomarkers or introduced n-3 PUFA as treatment. RESULTS We identified 17 relevant human clinical articles that either compared PUFA levels between a bipolar disorder group and a control group or used a PUFA intervention to treat depression or mania in bipolar disorder. Human studies suggest low n-3 red blood cell PUFA concentrations and correlations with clinical severity in studies of plasma concentrations in symptomatic bipolar disorder. Results of published n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation trials for bipolar disorder indicate efficacy in treatment for mania or depression in 5 of 5 open-label trials, efficacy in treatment of depression in 1 of 7 randomized controlled trials, and a signal for treatment of depression in 1 meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Biomarker studies of PUFA and treatment studies of n-3 PUFA in bipolar disorder show promise for indicating a way forward in the study of PUFA in bipolar disorder. Investigation of the intake and metabolism of the n-3 and n-6 PUFA when supplementation is provided in treatment trials might offer clues for identification of when and how PUFA may be important for treatment in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika F. H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Department of Psychiatry and Depression Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Corresponding author: Erika F. H. Saunders, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, PO Box 850, Mail Code: HO73, Hershey, PA 17033-0850 ()
| | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mostafa S. Sherazy
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan J. Gelenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - John M. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Office of Scientific Director, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Kim HK, Isaacs-Trepanier C, Elmi N, Rapoport SI, Andreazza AC. Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in rat frontal cortex by chronic NMDA administration can be partially prevented by lithium treatment. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 76:59-65. [PMID: 26894301 PMCID: PMC5843818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) administration to rats may be a model to investigate excitotoxicity mediated by glutamatergic hyperactivity, and lithium has been reported to be neuroprotective. We hypothesized that glutamatergic hyperactivity in chronic NMDA injected rats would cause mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in the brain, and that chronic lithium treatment would ameliorate some of these NMDA-induced alterations. Rats treated with lithium for 6 weeks were injected i.p. 25 mg/kg NMDA on a daily basis for the last 21 days of lithium treatment. Brain was removed and frontal cortex was analyzed. Chronic NMDA decreased brain levels of mitochondrial complex I and III, and increased levels of the lipid oxidation products, 8-isoprostane and 4-hydroxynonenal, compared with non-NMDA injected rats. Lithium treatment prevented the NMDA-induced increments in 8-isoprostane and 4-hydroxynonenal. Our findings suggest that increased chronic activation of NMDA receptors can induce alterations in electron transport chain complexes I and III and in lipid peroxidation in brain. The NMDA-induced changes may contribute to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which plays a role in brain diseases such as bipolar disorder. Lithium treatment prevented changes in 8-isoprostane and 4-hydroxynonenal, which may contribute to lithium's reported neuroprotective effect and efficacy in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K. Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Cameron Isaacs-Trepanier
- Departments of Pharmacology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada.
| | - Nika Elmi
- Departments of Pharmacology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada.
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- Departments of Pharmacology & Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T1R8, Canada,Corresponding author. RM4204, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada. (H.K. Kim), (C. Isaacs-Trepanier), (N. Elmi), (S.I. Rapoport), (A.C. Andreazza)
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23
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Ramsden CE, Ringel A, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Yang J, Blanchard H, Zamora D, Loewke JD, Rapoport SI, Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Hammock BD, Taha AY. Dietary linoleic acid-induced alterations in pro- and anti-nociceptive lipid autacoids: Implications for idiopathic pain syndromes? Mol Pain 2016; 12:1744806916636386. [PMID: 27030719 PMCID: PMC4955998 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916636386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic idiopathic pain syndromes are major causes of personal suffering, disability, and societal expense. Dietary n-6 linoleic acid has increased markedly in modern industrialized populations over the past century. These high amounts of linoleic acid could hypothetically predispose to physical pain by increasing the production of pro-nociceptive linoleic acid-derived lipid autacoids and by interfering with the production of anti-nociceptive lipid autacoids derived from n-3 fatty acids. Here, we used a rat model to determine the effect of increasing dietary linoleic acid as a controlled variable for 15 weeks on nociceptive lipid autacoids and their precursor n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in tissues associated with idiopathic pain syndromes. RESULTS Increasing dietary linoleic acid markedly increased the abundance of linoleic acid and its pro-nociceptive derivatives and reduced the abundance of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and their anti-nociceptive monoepoxide derivatives. Diet-induced changes occurred in a tissue-specific manner, with marked alterations of nociceptive lipid autacoids in both peripheral and central tissues, and the most pronounced changes in their fatty acid precursors in peripheral tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide biochemical support for the hypothesis that the high linoleic acid content of modern industrialized diets may create a biochemical susceptibility to develop chronic pain. Dietary linoleic acid lowering should be further investigated as part of an integrative strategy for the prevention and management of idiopathic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Daisy Zamora
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James D Loewke
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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24
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Ermolenko KS, Radzinsky VE, Rapoport SI. [STATE-OF-THE-ART OF REALIZATION OF THE FERTILITY POTENTIAL IN THE WOMEN OF LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2016; 94:10-15. [PMID: 27172715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biological potential of childbearing in the women of late reproductive age is limited by natural impairment and loss offertility. Despite a considerable progress in clinical application of new diagnostic and reproductive technologies, the problem of infertility remains a most serious challenge. Women's age is one of the main factors responsible for the outcome of in vitro fertilization. The low effectiveness of in vitro fertilization programs is attributed to discoordination in the hypothalamic-pituitary system, depletion of ovarian resources, and deterioration of quality of reproductive material. Bearing in mind the role of melatonin in synchronizing circadian and seasonal biorhythms and regulating physiological and pathological processes, it is natural to suggest its role in the enhancement of efficiency of in vitro fertilization programs for women of late reproductive age.
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25
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Kolesnikov DB, Rapoport SI, Voznesenskaya LA, Rasulov MI. [Peculiarities of the psychic state and quality of life in patients with duodenal ulcer in the context of chronomedicine]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2016; 94:450-454. [PMID: 30289663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most clinicians consider duodenum ulcer as a psychosomatic disease. Objective: To show the interdependence of this condition and mental disorders and their relation to disturbances of melatonin production . Materials and Methods: 15 patients with seasonal DU and 15 healthy subjects of the control group were examined during 3 years using laboratory, endoscopic, and standard psychodiagnostic methods. Results. It was found that all patients with exacerbation of DU experienced enhanced anxiety, reduced background mood, and impaired quality of life based on general health and mental health scoring scales. The circadian rhythm of melatonin production was markedly distorted throughout the observation period but especially during exacerbations of the disease. Conclusions. The results indicate a high degree of correlation between DU and mental disorders caused by impaired production of melatonin. It suggests common etiological mechanisms of DU and psychosomatic symptom complex.
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26
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Achkasov EE, Rapoport SI, Runenko SD, Razina AO. [Obesity: the modern view of a problem]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2016; 94:333-338. [PMID: 30289643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The article is a review of recent epidemiological observations concerning the prevalence of overweight and obesity in different countries among people of different gender, age. social and ethnic groups. It also presents and analyses health risks and comorbidities leading to disability and death as reported by domestic and foreign researchers. It was found that obesity has multifactorial pathogenesis directly related to energy balance, consumed and expended calories. The need of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and prevention of the disease is emphasized taking into consideration the influence of the environment and increasing urbanization on the development of the pathology as well as the role of government efforts to stimulate physical activity of the population in the framework of integral interdisciplinary programs and control over the quality of food. The priority areas for the correction of overweight include optimization of motor activity and diet correction.
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Rapoport SI, Krivoshey IV, Milanova SN, Alferov PK, Zhernakova NI, Proshchaev KI, Churnosov MI. [The role of cytokine gene polymorphism in the formation of arterial hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2016; 94:527-532. [PMID: 30289218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association of polymorphisms of genes tumor necrosis factors and their receptors (-308G/A TNFa, +250A/G Lta, +36 A/G TNFR1, +1663 A/G TNFR2) with the predisposition to the development of essential hypertension (EH) and the features of its clinical course in patients with metabolic syndrome. It has been demonstrated that the molecular genetic marker +36G TNFR1 (OR=1,25) is involved in the formation EH in individuals with metabolic syndrome. The risk of stage III EH in patients with metabolic syndrome is enhanced by genetic variants -308GA TNFa (OR=2,72), -308A TNFa (OR=2,72), +250G Lta (OR=1,80), and combinations thereof -308A TNFa with +1663G TNFR2 (OR=3,85), +250G Lta with +36G TNFR1 (OR=3,85), +250G Lta with +1663G TNFR2 (OR=3,85) while protective properties are inherent in -308GG TNFa (OR=0,32), +250AA Lta (OR=0,45), -308G TNFa (OR=0,37), +250A Lta (OR=0,56) and a combination of genetic markers -308GG TNFa with +250A Lta (OR=0,31), -308G TNFa with +250AA Lta (OR=0,39), -308G TNFa with +250A Lta (OR=0,31).
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Saunders EFH, Reider A, Singh G, Gelenberg AJ, Rapoport SI. Low unesterified:esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plasma concentration ratio is associated with bipolar disorder episodes, and omega-3 plasma concentrations are altered by treatment. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:729-42. [PMID: 26424416 PMCID: PMC4623957 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Omega (n)-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are molecular modulators of neurotransmission and inflammation. We hypothesized that plasma concentrations of n-3 PUFAs would be lower and those of n-6 PUFAs higher in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls (HCs), and would correlate with symptom severity in subjects with BD, and that effective treatment would correlate with increased n-3 but lower n-6 PUFA levels. Additionally, we explored clinical correlations and group differences in plasma levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. METHODS This observational, parallel group study compared biomarkers between HCs (n = 31) and symptomatic subjects with BD (n = 27) when ill and after symptomatic recovery (follow-up). Plasma concentrations of five PUFAs [linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], two saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and two monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid and oleic acid) were measured in esterified (E) and unesterified (UE) forms. Calculated ratios included UE:E for the five PUFAs, ratios of n-3 PUFAs (DHA:ALA, EPA:ALA and EPA:DHA), and the ratio of n-6:n-3 AA:EPA. Comparisons of plasma fatty acid levels and ratios between BD and HC groups were made with Student t-tests, and between the BD group at baseline and follow-up using paired t-tests. Comparison of categorical variables was performed using chi-square tests. Pearson's r was used for bivariate correlations with clinical variables, including depressive and manic symptoms, current panic attacks, and psychosis. RESULTS UE EPA was lower in subjects with BD than in HCs, with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.86, p < 0.002); however, it was not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. No statistically significant difference was seen in any plasma PUFA concentration between the BD and HC groups after Bonferroni correction for 40 comparisons, at p < 0.001. Neither depressive severity nor mania severity was correlated significantly with any PUFA concentration. Exploratory comparison showed lower UE:E EPA in the BD than the HC group (p < 0.0001). At follow-up in the BD group, UE, E DHA:ALA, and UE EPA:ALA were decreased (p < 0.002). Exploratory correlations of clinical variables revealed that mania severity and suicidality were positively correlated with UE:E EPA ratio, and that several plasma levels and ratios correlated with panic disorder and psychosis. Depressive severity was not correlated with any ratio. No plasma fatty acid level or ratio correlated with self-reported n-3 PUFA intake or use of medication by class. CONCLUSIONS A large effect size of reduced UE EPA, and a lower plasma UE:E concentration ratio of EPA in the symptomatic BD state may be important factors in vulnerability to a mood state. Altered n-3 PUFA ratios could indicate changes in PUFA metabolism concurrent with symptom improvement. Our findings are consistent with preclinical and postmortem data and suggest testing interventions that increase n-3 and decrease n-6 dietary PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika FH Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aubrey Reider
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Gagan Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Alan J Gelenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yuan ZX, Rapoport SI. Transient postnatal fluoxetine decreases brain concentrations of 20-HETE and 15-epi-LXA4, arachidonic acid metabolites in adult mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:9-14. [PMID: 26234927 PMCID: PMC4581970 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient postnatal exposure of rodents to the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine alters behavior and brain 5-HT neurotransmission during adulthood, and also reduces brain arachidonic (ARA) metabolic consumption and protein level of the ARA metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P4504A (CYP4A). HYPOTHESIS Brain 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), converted by CYP4A from ARA, will be reduced in adult mice treated transiently and postnatally with fluoxetine. METHODS Male mice pups were injected i.p. daily with fluoxetine (10mg/kg) or saline during P4-P21. At P90 their brain was high-energy microwaved and analyzed for 20-HETE and six other ARA metabolites by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Postnatal fluoxetine vs. saline significantly decreased brain concentrations of 20-HETE (-70.3%) and 15-epi-lipoxin A4 (-60%) in adult mice, but did not change other eicosanoid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral changes in adult mice treated postnatally with fluoxetine may be related to reduced brain ARA metabolism involving CYP4A and 20-HETE formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Blanchard H, Chang L, Rezvani AH, Rapoport SI, Taha AY. Brain Arachidonic Acid Incorporation and Turnover are not Altered in the Flinders Sensitive Line Rat Model of Human Depression. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2293-303. [PMID: 26404538 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain serotonergic signaling is coupled to arachidonic acid (AA)-releasing calcium-dependent phospholipase A2. Increased brain serotonin concentrations and disturbed serotonergic neurotransmission have been reported in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression, suggesting that brain AA metabolism may be elevated. To test this hypothesis, (14)C-AA was intravenously infused to steady-state levels into control and FSL rats derived from the same Sprague-Dawley background strain, and labeled and unlabeled brain phospholipid and plasma fatty acid concentrations were measured to determine the rate of brain AA incorporation and turnover. Brain AA incorporation and turnover did not differ significantly between controls and FSL rats. Compared to controls, plasma unesterified docosahexaenoic acid was increased, and brain phosphatidylinositol AA and total lipid linoleic acid and n-3 and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid were significantly decreased in FSL rats. Several plasma esterified fatty acids differed significantly from controls. In summary, brain AA metabolism did not change in FSL rats despite reported increased levels of serotonin concentrations, suggesting possible post-synaptic dampening of serotonergic neurotransmission involving AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Blanchard
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amir H Rezvani
- Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, RMI North, Room 3162, Davis, CA, USA.
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Basselin M, Ramadan E, Igarashi M, Chang L, Chen M, Kraft AD, Harry GJ, Rapoport SI. Imaging upregulated brain arachidonic acid metabolism in HIV-1 transgenic rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1386. [PMID: 26228569 PMCID: PMC4527996 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted by the Editors in Chief at the request of the author Stanley I Rapoport following the finding of the National Institutes of Health that Dr Mireille Basselin engaged in research misconduct by fabricating data in Figure 4A–C and Figure 5B. None of the other authors are implicated in any way.
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Rapoport SI, Primiani CT, Chen CT, Ahn K, Ryan VH. Coordinated Expression of Phosphoinositide Metabolic Genes during Development and Aging of Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132675. [PMID: 26168237 PMCID: PMC4500567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoinositides, lipid-signaling molecules, participate in diverse brain processes within a wide metabolic cascade. Hypothesis Gene transcriptional networks coordinately regulate the phosphoinositide cascade during human brain Development and Aging. Methods We used the public BrainCloud database for human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to examine age-related expression levels of 49 phosphoinositide metabolic genes during Development (0 to 20+ years) and Aging (21+ years). Results We identified three groups of partially overlapping genes in each of the two intervals, with similar intergroup correlations despite marked phenotypic differences between Aging and Development. In each interval, ITPKB, PLCD1, PIK3R3, ISYNA1, IMPA2, INPPL1, PI4KB, and AKT1 are in Group 1, PIK3CB, PTEN, PIK3CA, and IMPA1 in Group 2, and SACM1L, PI3KR4, INPP5A, SYNJ1, and PLCB1 in Group 3. Ten of the genes change expression nonlinearly during Development, suggesting involvement in rapidly changing neuronal, glial and myelination events. Correlated transcription for some gene pairs likely is facilitated by colocalization on the same chromosome band. Conclusions Stable coordinated gene transcriptional networks regulate brain phosphoinositide metabolic pathways during human Development and Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher T. Primiani
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Chuck T. Chen
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Veronica H. Ryan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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Blanchard HC, Taha AY, Rapoport SI, Yuan ZX. Low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylate) prevents increases in brain PGE2, 15-epi-lipoxin A4 and 8-isoprostane concentrations in 9 month-old HIV-1 transgenic rats, a model for HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:25-30. [PMID: 25638779 PMCID: PMC4562388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transgenic rats are a model for HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). They show behavioral changes, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and increased brain arachidonic acid (AA) enzymes. Aspirin (acetylsalicylate, ASA) inhibits AA oxidation by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. HYPOTHESIS Chronic low-dose ASA will downregulate brain AA metabolism in HIV-1 transgenic rats. METHODS Nine month-old HIV-1 transgenic and wildtype rats were given 42 days of 10mg/kg/day ASA or nothing in drinking water; eicosanoids were measured using ELISAs on microwaved brain extracts. RESULTS Brain 15-epi-lipoxin A4 and 8-isoprostane concentrations were significantly higher in HIV-1 transgenic than wildtype rats; these differences were prevented by ASA. ASA reduced prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 concentrations in HIV-1 Tg but not wildtype rats. Thromboxane B2, 15-HETE, lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1 concentrations were unaffected by genotype or treatment. CONCLUSION Chronic low-dose ASA reduces AA-metabolite markers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model for HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene C Blanchard
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dam M, Rapoport SI, London ED. Aging and cholinergic system: a 2-deoxyglucose study in the rat brain. Monogr Neural Sci 2015; 11:62-7. [PMID: 6738561 DOI: 10.1159/000409190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Liu JJ, Green P, John Mann J, Rapoport SI, Sublette ME. Pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acid utilization: implications for brain function in neuropsychiatric health and disease. Brain Res 2015; 1597:220-46. [PMID: 25498862 PMCID: PMC4339314 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have profound effects on brain development and function. Abnormalities of PUFA status have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pathophysiologic mechanisms could involve not only suboptimal PUFA intake, but also metabolic and genetic abnormalities, defective hepatic metabolism, and problems with diffusion and transport. This article provides an overview of physiologic factors regulating PUFA utilization, highlighting their relevance to neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne J Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Pnina Green
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Gao F, Kim HW, Igarashi M, Kiesewetter D, Chang L, Ma K, Rapoport SI. Retraction notice to “Liver conversion of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids from their 18-carbon precursors in rats on a DHA-free but α-LNA-containing n−3 PUFA adequate diet” [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1811 (2011) 484–489]. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dzherieva IS, Volkova NI, Rapoport SI. [Association between depression and metabolic syndrome--a two-way street]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2015; 93:62-65. [PMID: 26031152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study with the use of the CES-D scale revealed the combination of depression and metabolic syndrome in 24% of the examined patients. The HADS scale showed depression in 16% of the interviewed patients. Based on the two scales, depression was documented in 32% of the patients. The chance of development of metabolic disorders in case of depression was estimated as 2.4 (95%); CI--1.3-4.6. Urinary 6-COMT level at 4.00 correlated with its total nocturnal and daytime concentrations and with sleep disorders (r = -0.41; r = -0.48; r = -0.43 respectively). Daytime sleepiness correlated with the daytime 6-COMT level (r = -0.32). The score values by the CES-D scale correlated with daytime 6-COMT level (r = -0.23). Multiple regression analysis showed that reduced melatonin level deteriorates quality of nocturnal sleep and increases the risk of depression (R = 0.4. coefficient β = -0.413 (p<0.04) and F = 4.5).
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Rapoport SI. [V.Kh. Vasilenko in the eyes of a pupil]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2015; 93:78-79. [PMID: 26669039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Rao J, Chiappelli J, Kochunov P, Regenold WT, Rapoport SI, Hong LE. Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disease? Evidence from age-related decline of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the brains of schizophrenia patients and matched nonpsychiatric controls. NEURODEGENER DIS 2014; 15:38-44. [PMID: 25531449 DOI: 10.1159/000369214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels decline in the brain during senescence and are also shown to be reduced in schizophrenia patients. BDNF is present in both the gray and white matters of the brain. It is unclear whether BDNF abnormalities in schizophrenia are specific to gray and/or white matter. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the age-related BDNF decline is abnormal and contributes to the reduced BDNF in schizophrenia. METHODS We tested this hypothesis by measuring BDNF protein levels in postmortem gray and white matter, using the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the genu of the corpus callosum as regions of interests, from 20 schizophrenia patients and 20 matched nonpsychiatric controls. Samples were selected across the adult lifespan--from 20 to 80 years of age. RESULTS PFC gray matter BDNF protein levels were significantly lower in older age in both nonpsychiatric comparisons and patients, while BDNF in white matter did not decrease significantly with age in either group. PFC BDNF was linearly lower from 20 to 80 years of age in nonpsychiatric comparisons. In schizophrenia, the age effect was similarly linear in younger patients but a decline did not occur in older patients. CONCLUSION PFC BDNF does not follow a normative linear age effect in schizophrenia patients as they grow older, which may represent a 'floor effect' due to earlier decline or a survivor cohort of older patient donors who are less susceptible to a schizophrenia-related pathological aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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Modi HR, Basselin M, Rapoport SI. Valnoctamide, a non-teratogenic amide derivative of valproic acid, inhibits arachidonic acid activation in vitro by recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase-4. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:875-80. [PMID: 25041123 PMCID: PMC4554599 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Valproic acid (VPA), a mood stabilizer used for treating bipolar disorder (BD), uncompetitively inhibits acylation of arachidonic acid (AA) by recombinant AA-selective acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (Acsl4) at an enzyme inhibition constant (Ki ) of 25 mM. Inhibition may account for VPA's ability to reduce AA turnover in brain phospholipids of unanesthetized rats and to be therapeutic in BD. However, VPA is teratogenic. We tested whether valnoctamide (VCD), a non-teratogenic amide derivative of a VPA chiral isomer, which had antimanic potency in a phase III BD trial, also inhibits recombinant Acsl4. METHODS Rat Acsl4-flag protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. We used Michaelis-Menten kinetics to characterize and quantify the ability of VCD to inhibit conversion of AA to AA-CoA by recombinant Acsl4 in vitro. RESULTS Acsl4-mediated activation of AA to AA-CoA by Acsl4 was inhibited uncompetitively by VCD, with a Ki of 6.38 mM. CONCLUSIONS VCD's ability to uncompetitively inhibit AA activation to AA-CoA by Acsl4, at a lower Ki than VPA, suggests that, like VPA, VCD may reduce AA turnover in rat brain phospholipids. If so, VCD and other non-teratogenic Acsl4 inhibitors might be considered further for treating BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren R Modi
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section; Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Mireille Basselin
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section; Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section; Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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Taha AY, Chang L, Chen M, Rapoport SI, Ramadan E. D2-like receptor activation does not initiate a brain docosahexaenoic acid signal in unanesthetized rats. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:113. [PMID: 25359512 PMCID: PMC4295280 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), participates in neurotransmission involving activation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2), which is coupled to muscarinic, cholinergic and serotonergic neuroreceptors. Drug induced activation of iPLA2 can be measured in vivo with quantitative autoradiography using 14C-DHA as a probe. The present study used this approach to address whether a DHA signal is produced following dompaminergic (D)2-like receptor activation with quinpirole in rat brain. Unanesthetized rats were infused intravenously with 14C-DHA one minute after saline or quinpirole infusion, and serial blood samples were collected over a 20-minute period to obtain plasma. The animals were euthanized with sodium pentobarbital and their brains excised, coronally dissected and subjected to quantitative autoradiography to derive the regional incorporation coefficient, k*, a marker of DHA signaling. Plasma labeled and unlabeled unesterified DHA concentrations were measured. RESULTS The incorporation coefficient (k*) for DHA did not differ significantly between quinpirole-treated and control rats in any of 81 identified brain regions. Plasma labeled DHA concentration over the 20-minute collection period (input function) and unlabeled unesterified DHA concentration did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that D2-like receptor initiated signaling does not involve DHA as a second messenger, and likely does not involve iPLA2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Y Taha
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Room 1S126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Room 1S126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Room 1S126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Room 1S126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Epolia Ramadan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Room 1S126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Primiani CT, Ryan VH, Rao JS, Cam MC, Ahn K, Modi HR, Rapoport SI. Coordinated gene expression of neuroinflammatory and cell signaling markers in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during human brain development and aging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110972. [PMID: 25329999 PMCID: PMC4203852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age changes in expression of inflammatory, synaptic, and neurotrophic genes are not well characterized during human brain development and senescence. Knowing these changes may elucidate structural, metabolic, and functional brain processes over the lifespan, as well vulnerability to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. HYPOTHESIS Expression levels of inflammatory, synaptic, and neurotrophic genes in the human brain are coordinated over the lifespan and underlie changes in phenotypic networks or cascades. METHODS We used a large-scale microarray dataset from human prefrontal cortex, BrainCloud, to quantify age changes over the lifespan, divided into Development (0 to 21 years, 87 brains) and Aging (22 to 78 years, 144 brains) intervals, in transcription levels of 39 genes. RESULTS Gene expression levels followed different trajectories over the lifespan. Many changes were intercorrelated within three similar groups or clusters of genes during both Development and Aging, despite different roles of the gene products in the two intervals. During Development, changes were related to reported neuronal loss, dendritic growth and pruning, and microglial events; TLR4, IL1R1, NFKB1, MOBP, PLA2G4A, and PTGS2 expression increased in the first years of life, while expression of synaptic genes GAP43 and DBN1 decreased, before reaching plateaus. During Aging, expression was upregulated for potentially pro-inflammatory genes such as NFKB1, TRAF6, TLR4, IL1R1, TSPO, and GFAP, but downregulated for neurotrophic and synaptic integrity genes such as BDNF, NGF, PDGFA, SYN, and DBN1. CONCLUSIONS Coordinated changes in gene transcription cascades underlie changes in synaptic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory phenotypic networks during brain Development and Aging. Early postnatal expression changes relate to neuronal, glial, and myelin growth and synaptic pruning events, while late Aging is associated with pro-inflammatory and synaptic loss changes. Thus, comparable transcriptional regulatory networks that operate throughout the lifespan underlie different phenotypic processes during Aging compared to Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Primiani
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica H. Ryan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jagadeesh S. Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret C. Cam
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hiren R. Modi
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Rapoport SI. Lithium and the other mood stabilizers effective in bipolar disorder target the rat brain arachidonic acid cascade. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:459-67. [PMID: 24786695 DOI: 10.1021/cn500058v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This Review evaluates the arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) cascade hypothesis for the actions of lithium and other FDA-approved mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder (BD). The hypothesis is based on evidence in unanesthetized rats that chronically administered lithium, carbamazepine, valproate, or lamotrigine each downregulated brain AA metabolism, and it is consistent with reported upregulated AA cascade markers in post-mortem BD brain. In the rats, each mood stabilizer reduced AA turnover in brain phospholipids, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and prostaglandin E2 concentration. Lithium and carbamazepine also reduced expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) IVA, which releases AA from membrane phospholipids, whereas valproate uncompetitively inhibited in vitro acyl-CoA synthetase-4, which recycles AA into phospholipid. Topiramate and gabapentin, proven ineffective in BD, changed rat brain AA metabolism minimally. On the other hand, the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and clozapine, which show efficacy in BD, decreased rat brain AA metabolism by reducing plasma AA availability. Each of the four approved mood stabilizers also dampened brain AA signaling during glutamatergic NMDA and dopaminergic D2 receptor activation, while lithium enhanced the signal during cholinergic muscarinic receptor activation. In BD patients, such signaling effects might normalize the neurotransmission imbalance proposed to cause disease symptoms. Additionally, the antidepressants fluoxetine and imipramine, which tend to switch BD depression to mania, each increased AA turnover and cPLA2 IVA expression in rat brain, suggesting that brain AA metabolism is higher in BD mania than depression. The AA hypothesis for mood stabilizer action is consistent with reports that low-dose aspirin reduced morbidity in patients taking lithium, and that high n-3 and/or low n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diets, which in rats reduce brain AA metabolism, were effective in BD and migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Gao F, Taha AY, Ma K, Chang L, Kiesewetter D, Rapoport SI. Retraction note to: Aging decreases rate of docosahexaenoic acid synthesis-secretion from circulating unesterified α-linolenic acid by rat liver. Age (2012) 35(3): 597-608. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:9644. [PMID: 24728622 PMCID: PMC4082573 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- />Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
- />Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- />Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kaizong Ma
- />Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- />Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Dale Kiesewetter
- />Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- />Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Keleshian VL, Kellom M, Kim HW, Taha AY, Cheon Y, Igarashi M, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. Neuropathological responses to chronic NMDA in rats are worsened by dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation but are not ameliorated by fish oil supplementation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95318. [PMID: 24798187 PMCID: PMC4010416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation may be beneficial for chronic brain illnesses, but the issue is not agreed on. We examined effects of dietary n-3 PUFA deprivation or supplementation, compared with an n-3 PUFA adequate diet (containing alpha-linolenic acid [18:3 n-3] but not docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6n-3]), on brain markers of lipid metabolism and excitotoxicity, in rats treated chronically with NMDA or saline. METHODS Male rats after weaning were maintained on one of three diets for 15 weeks. After 12 weeks, each diet group was injected i.p. daily with saline (1 ml/kg) or a subconvulsive dose of NMDA (25 mg/kg) for 3 additional weeks. Then, brain fatty acid concentrations and various markers of excitotoxicity and fatty acid metabolism were measured. RESULTS Compared to the diet-adequate group, brain DHA concentration was reduced, while n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-6) concentration was increased in the n-3 deficient group; arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) concentration was unchanged. These concentrations were unaffected by fish oil supplementation. Chronic NMDA increased brain cPLA2 activity in each of the three groups, but n-3 PUFA deprivation or fish oil did not change cPLA2 activity or protein compared with the adequate group. sPLA2 expression was unchanged in the three conditions, whereas iPLA2 expression was reduced by deprivation but not changed by supplementation. BDNF protein was reduced by NMDA in N-3 PUFA deficient rats, but protein levels of IL-1β, NGF, and GFAP did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS N-3 PUFA deprivation significantly worsened several pathological NMDA-induced changes produced in diet adequate rats, whereas n-3 PUFA supplementation did not affect NMDA induced changes. Supplementation may not be critical for this measured neuropathology once the diet has an adequate n-3 PUFA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasken L. Keleshian
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Kellom
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yewon Cheon
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jagadeesh S. Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ramadan E, Blanchard H, Cheon Y, Fox MA, Chang L, Chen M, Ma K, Rapoport SI, Basselin M. Transient postnatal fluoxetine leads to decreased brain arachidonic acid metabolism and cytochrome P450 4A in adult mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:191-7. [PMID: 24529827 PMCID: PMC3981912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fetal and perinatal exposure to selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been reported to alter childhood behavior, while transient early exposure in rodents is reported to alter their behavior and decrease brain extracellular 5-HT in adulthood. Since 5-HT2A/2C receptor-mediated neurotransmission can involve G-protein coupled activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), releasing arachidonic acid (ARA) from synaptic membrane phospholipid, we hypothesized that transient postnatal exposure to fluoxetine would alter brain ARA metabolism in adult mice. Brain ARA incorporation coefficients k* and rates Jin were quantitatively imaged following intravenous [1-(14)C]ARA infusion of unanesthetized adult mice that had been injected daily with fluoxetine (10mg/kg i.p.) or saline during postnatal days P4-P21. Expression of brain ARA metabolic enzymes and other relevant markers also was measured. On neuroimaging, k* and Jin was decreased widely in early fluoxetine- compared to saline-treated adult mice. Of the enzymes measured, cPLA2 activity was unchanged, while Ca(2+)-independent iPLA2 activity was increased. There was a significant 74% reduced protein level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A, which can convert ARA to 20-HETE. Reduced brain ARA metabolism in adult mice transiently exposed to postnatal fluoxetine, and a 74% reduction in CYP4A protein, suggest long-term effects independent of drug presence in brain ARA metabolism, and in CYP4A metabolites. These changes might contribute to reported altered behavior following early SSRI in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epolia Ramadan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helene Blanchard
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yewon Cheon
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith A Fox
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Chang
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaizong Ma
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mireille Basselin
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Olenskaia TL, Konevalova NI, Rapoport SI, Proshchaev KI, Kozlov KL, Korobov GD. [Orthostatic reactions in prognosis of the risks of arterial hypertension as a component of metabolic syndrome]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:26-32. [PMID: 25782318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It was shown that parameters of metabolic syndrome as predictors of lethal vascular outcomes of arterial hypertension (AH) in Belarus are significantly different fiom those proposed in WHO recommendations (1999). The glucose level of informative value in WHO recommendations is 6.1 mmol/l versus 5.6 mmol/l in Belarus, total cholesterol 5.0 and 5.9 mmol/l respectively. A more detailed verification of the value of both parameters is needed for the patients in Belarus and Russia depending on age and sex using non-linear models. We used a comprehensive approach to prognosis of the risk of vascular lethal outcomes of AH as a component of metabolic syndrome with the evaluation of results of clinical and laboratory examination as well as orthostatic reactions in patients of different age groups. Construction of the prognostic algorithm "Classification tree" taking account of orthostatic reactions enhances the correctness of lethal outcome prognosis up to 81.8%. The study revealed the prognostic value of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure in the supine position (15 min of active aortostatic sample) for prognostication of vascular lethal outcomes. Further studies are needed on the role of orthostatic reactions in AH patients of old age together with clinical and laboratory parameters in the prognostication of outcomes of various cardiovascular diseases.
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Rapoport SI, Il'nitskiĭ AN, Proshchaev KI, Stoiakov AM, Pozdniakova NM, Kivetskiĭ VV, Varavina LI. [Peculiarities of the strategy for the treatment of elderly patients with duodenal ulcer and concomitant metabolic syndrome]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:35-40. [PMID: 25269207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study showed that ulcer disease in patients with metabolic syndrome is characterized by painless clinical course, bowel disorders in the form of constipation, enhanced appetite, unmotivated requirement for hypoglycemic therapy predisposition to complications along with activation of the inflammatory process in duodenal mucosa, high H. pylori count. The data obtained were used to develop the age-specific strategy for the treatment of elderly patients with duodenal ulcer and concomitant metabolic syndrome.
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Él'man AR, Rapoport SI. [Stable isotope diagnostics in Russia; results and prospects, 13C-preparations, instruments, methods]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:5-11. [PMID: 25775898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The basis of the highly effective method for diagnostics of many dangerous diseases with the use of breathing tests and stable 13C isotope-labeled preparations has been developed in Russia during the past years. The technology for manufacturing 13C-preparations using domestically produced starting materials satisfies the requirements for isotopes in this and many foreign countries. New instruments for respiratory tests and diagnostic methods make it possible to carry out diagnostics in large populations including that in the course of regular medical examination. This paper reports high efficacy of 13C-based breath tests for diagnostics of gastrointestinal disorders, possibilities and prospects for their further application in oncology, endocrinology, pulmonology, neurology, cardiology, surgery, etc. Special attention is given to the use of 13C-magnetic resonance techniques for visualization of tumours and blood vessels, studies of metabolic processes and energy balance in man and animals with the use of 13C-biomarkers. The main advantages of these new diagnostic approaches are high accuracy, safety (for both patients and personnel), simplicity, and possibility of application in different fields of medicine.
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Rapoport SI, Shubina NA. [13-year period of application of the 13C-urease breath test for determining Helicobacter pylori in Russian clinical practice]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:59-64. [PMID: 25796949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
13C-urease breath tests have been extensively used in world-wide gastroenterological practice since the 1990s. We have been using them since 2000, but their clinical application in Russia is far from being universal. Moreover, their results are significantly different from those obtained by other methods for determining H. pylori. The authors report original data on the peculiarities of occurrence of this pathogen in its carriers.
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