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Duro MV, Van Valkenburgh J, Ingles DE, Tran J, Cai Z, Ebright B, Wang S, Kerman BE, Galvan J, Hwang SH, Sta Maria NS, Zanderigo F, Croteau E, Cunnane SC, Rapoport SI, Louie SG, Jacobs RE, Yassine HN, Chen K. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 22-[ 18F]Fluorodocosahexaenoic Acid as a Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Monitoring Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid Uptake Kinetics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4409-4418. [PMID: 38048230 PMCID: PMC10739598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3), DHA], a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has an important role in regulating neuronal functions and in normal brain development. Dysregulated brain DHA uptake and metabolism are found in individuals carrying the APOE4 allele, which increases the genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and are implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. However, there are limited tools to assess brain DHA kinetics in vivo that can be translated to humans. Here, we report the synthesis of an ω-radiofluorinated PET probe of DHA, 22-[18F]fluorodocosahexaenoic acid (22-[18F]FDHA), for imaging the uptake of DHA into the brain. Using the nonradiolabeled 22-FDHA, we confirmed that fluorination of DHA at the ω-position does not significantly alter the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA in microglial cells. Through dynamic PET-MR studies using mice, we observed the accumulation of 22-[18F]FDHA in the brain over time and estimated DHA's incorporation coefficient (K*) using an image-derived input function. Finally, DHA brain K* was validated using intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg arecoline, a natural product known to increase the DHA K* in rodents. 22-[18F]FDHA is a promising PET probe that can reveal altered lipid metabolism in APOE4 carriers, AD, and other neurologic disorders. This new probe, once translated into humans, would enable noninvasive and longitudinal studies of brain DHA dynamics by guiding both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon
Vincent V. Duro
- Department
of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department
of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Diana E. Ingles
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Jenny Tran
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Zhiheng Cai
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Alfred
E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Bilal E. Kerman
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Jasmin Galvan
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Naomi S. Sta Maria
- Zilkha
Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department
of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Molecular
Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York
State Psychiatric Institute, New
York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Etienne Croteau
- Sherbrooke
Center for Molecular Imaging, University
of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Cunnane
- Research
Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9304, United States
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Alfred
E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Russell E. Jacobs
- Zilkha
Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Department
of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Department
of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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Pereira VRZB, Wolf JM, Stumm GZ, Boeira TR, Galvan J, Simon D, Lunge VR. Lack of association between human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms rs9277535 and rs7453920 and chronic hepatitis B in a Brazilian population. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029565. [PMID: 28613373 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem worldwide. The progression of the disease depends on several host and viral factors and may result in fulminant hepatitis (very rare), acute hepatitis with spontaneous clearance, and chronic hepatitis B infection. Previous studies demonstrated that variations in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II (HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DQB2 genes) are related to the chronic HBV infection. This study aimed to investigate the association of two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), one in the HLA-DPB1 (rs9277535) and one in the HLA-DQB2 (rs7453920), with chronic hepatitis B infection in a southern Brazilian sample. This case-control study included 260 HBV patients attended in a Specialized Center for Health in Caxias do Sul (Brazil) between 2014 and 2016. The same number of controls (matching for age, gender, and ethnicity) was obtained in a University Hospital in the same city and period. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. Genotyping were performed by real-time Taqman PCR method. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and significance level of 5% (P < 0.05) were calculated. Allele frequencies in the SNP rs9277535 were 72.6% for A and 27.4% for G nucleotides in cases and 75.0% for A and 25.0% for G in controls. Allele frequencies in the SNP rs7453920 were of 25.7% for A and 74.3% for G in cases and 28.8% for A and 71.2% for G in controls. No statistically significant association was found between both SNPs and chronic hepatitis B (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Z B Pereira
- , , Brasil.,Prefeitura Municipal de Caxias do Sul, Serviço Municipal de Infectologia, , Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, , , Brasil
| | - J M Wolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, , , Brasil .,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, , , Brasil
| | | | - T R Boeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, , , Brasil.,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, , , Brasil
| | - J Galvan
- Prefeitura Municipal de Caxias do Sul, Serviço Municipal de Infectologia, , Brasil
| | - D Simon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, , , Brasil
| | - V R Lunge
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, , , Brasil.,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, , , Brasil
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McConnell R, Milam J, Richardson J, Galvan J, Jones C, Thorne PS, Berhane K. Educational intervention to control cockroach allergen exposure in the homes of hispanic children in Los Angeles: results of the La Casa study. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:426-33. [PMID: 15836749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroach allergy is common among inner city children with asthma, and exposure to cockroach allergen is associated with more severe disease. However, there has been little evaluation of educational approaches for controlling cockroach infestations and reducing allergen exposure. OBJECTIVE An educational intervention to reduce cockroach allergen exposure in the homes of Hispanic children in Los Angeles was implemented and evaluated. METHODS Caretakers of 150 children with asthma were randomly assigned to an in-home intervention or comparison group. In the intervention group, peer health educators trained the caretaker to control cockroaches by reducing harbourage and access to food and by applying boric acid, and to reduce allergen exposure by cleaning. Allergen impermeable covers were placed on the child's mattress and pillows. Knowledge, reported and observed behaviour, cockroach counts, and cockroach allergen (Bla g 1) in dust samples from the kitchen and the child's bedding were assessed at study entry and at follow-up 4 months later. RESULTS There was improvement in knowledge and in observed and reported behaviour hypothesized to be associated with cockroach control. The geometric mean cockroach number in the intervention homes at the follow-up visit was 60% lower than in the non-intervention homes (95% confidence interval (CI) 14%, 81%). Geometric mean total cockroach allergen collected from the child's bedding was 64% lower in the intervention group (95% CI 12%, 85%). In homes with heavier initial cockroach infestation, there was a larger reduction in total kitchen dust allergen and concentration associated with the intervention than in homes with fewer initial cockroaches. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that reduction in number of cockroaches and in total allergen in bedding dust can be achieved by caretakers of asthmatic children following a single home educational intervention by peer educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Slof J, Badia X, Lainez-Andres JM, Galvan J, Heras J. [Management costs of chest and CNS-related adverse events associated with the treatment of acute migraine attacks with oral triptans]. Neurologia 2005; 20:290-8. [PMID: 16007512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although adverse events of triptans are usually not important from a clinical point of view, they can worry patients and lead them to consume healthcare resources. METHODS A decision analytic model was used to represent the behavior and management of patients who suffered adverse events after taking a triptan. Using data about the incidence of adverse events, the behavior and management of patients, and the unit cost of the healthcare resource consumed, the costs of treating adverse events were calculated, as was the iatrogenic cost factor of the triptans available in Spain. RESULTS 10 % to 20 % of patients who suffer a chest or CNS-related adverse advent related to triptan use seek medical attention. The management cost of a chest-related event was estimated to be euros 66,43, euros 33,09, or euros 137,01, depending on whether the patient consulted a neurologist, a primary care physician, or a hospital emergency department. For CNS-related events the management cost was estimated to be euros 52,88, euros 16,89 or euros 102,17, respectively. Excluding the placebo effect, the resulting iatrogenic cost factor varied between 1 for almotriptan 12,5 mg and 1,21 for zolmitriptan 2,5 mg. In absolute values, the average cost per patient (above placebo) varied between 0 euros for almotriptan 12,5 mg and euros 1,17 for eletriptan 80 mg. CONCLUSIONS The management of adverse events can add substantial costs to a treatment with triptans. These costs vary considerably between triptans due to differences in the incidence of adverse events. Lowest costs were found for almotriptan 12,5 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slof
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra.
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Galvan J, Woelk GB, Mahomed K, Wagner N, Mudzamiri S, Williams MA. Prenatal care utilization and foetal outcomes at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 2001; 47:87-92. [PMID: 11921676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between adverse infant outcomes and maternal under utilization of prenatal care, among women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital. DESIGN Hospital based, cross sectional study. SETTING Harare Maternity Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS A random sample of 3,864 pregnant women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prenatal care utilization, maternal socio-demographic information, as well as birth weight and other neonatal outcome characteristics. RESULTS Of the total number of women who participated in this study 3,491 (90%) had at least one prenatal care visit. Women receiving no prenatal care, were more likely to be younger, unmarried and to have been transferred for delivery as compared with women receiving prenatal care. Women receiving no prenatal care were seven times more likely to deliver an infant weighing less than 1,500 grams, adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 7.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.58 to 11.39 as compared with those who booked for care. Newborns of unbooked mothers were more likely to have a low apgar score at birth, adjusted OR = 1.71; to have been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, adjusted OR = 2.14, and to require intubation, adjusted OR = 3.35. A large proportion of women (31.4%) initiated prenatal care after 30 weeks gestation. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences between maternal characteristics and foetal outcomes in relation to booking status. Under utilization of prenatal care was associated with sub-optimal foetal outcomes. Improving the socio-economic status of women, their education and access to health care, and family planning methods are all strategies that should contribute to the reduction of adverse foetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Galvan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, USA
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Brookner CK, Follen M, Boiko I, Galvan J, Thomsen S, Malpica A, Suzuki S, Lotan R, Richards-Kortum R. Autofluorescence patterns in short-term cultures of normal cervical tissue. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 71:730-6. [PMID: 10857369 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)071<0730:apistc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has potential to improve cervical precancer detection. The relationship between tissue biochemistry and fluorescence is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to characterize normal cervical autofluorescence, using fresh tissue short-term tissue cultures and epithelial cell suspensions. Transverse, short-term tissue cultures were prepared from 31 cervical biopsies; autofluorescence images were obtained at 380 and 460 nm excitation. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices were measured from normal, precancerous and cancerous cervical cell suspensions. Observed fluorescence patterns contrast those reported for frozen-thawed tissue, and were placed into groups with (1) bright epithelial and weak stromal fluorescence; (2) similar epithelial and stromal fluorescence; and (3) weak epithelial and bright stromal fluorescence. The average ages of women in the groups were 30.9, 38.0 and 49.2 years. Epithelial fluorescence intensity was similar in Groups 1 and 2, but weaker in Group 3. Stromal intensity was similar in Groups 2 and 3, but weaker in Group 1. The ratio of epithelial to stromal fluorescence intensity was significantly different for all groups. EEMs of cell suspensions showed peaks consistent with tryptophan, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Short-term tissue cultures represent a novel, biologically appropriate model to understand cervical autofluorescence. Our results suggest a biological basis for the increased fluorescence seen in older, postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Brookner
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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