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Erickson CB, Hill R, Pascablo D, Kazakia G, Hansen K, Bahney C. A timeseries analysis of the fracture callus extracellular matrix proteome during bone fracture healing. JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES (WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CALIF.) 2021; 3:1-30. [PMID: 35765657 PMCID: PMC9236279 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20220601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While most bones fully self-heal, certain diseases require bone allograft to assist with fracture healing. Bone allografts offer promise as treatments for such fractures due to their osteogenic properties. However, current bone allografts made of decellularized bone extracellular matrix (ECM) have high failure rates, and thus grafts which improve fracture healing outcomes are needed. Understanding specific changes to the ECM proteome during normal fracture healing would enable the identification of key proteins that could be used enhance osteogenicity of bone allograft. Here, we performed a timeseries analysis of the fracture callus in mice to investigate proteomic and mineralization changes to the ECM at key stages of fracture healing. We found that changes to the ECM proteome largely coincide with the distinct phases of fracture healing. Basement membrane proteins (AGRN, COL4, LAMA), cartilage proteins (COL2A1, ACAN), and collagen crosslinking enzymes (LOXL, PLOD, ITIH) were initially upregulated, followed by bone specific proteoglycans and collagens (IBSP, COL1A1). Various tissue proteases (MMP2, 9, 13, 14; CTSK, CTSG, ELANE) were expressed at different levels throughout fracture healing. These changes coordinated with mineralization of the fracture callus, which increased steeply during the initial stages of healing. Interestingly the later timepoint was characterized by a response to wound healing and high expression of clotting factors (F2, 7, 9, 10). We identified ELANE and ITIH2 as tissue remodeling enzymes having no prior known involvement with fracture healing. This data can be further mined to identify regenerative proteins for enhanced bone graft design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Erickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ryan Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Donna Pascablo
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Galateia Kazakia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
| | - Kirk Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Stedman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine. Vail, CO
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA
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Luo H, Gu R, Ouyang H, Wang L, Shi S, Ji Y, Bao B, Liao G, Xu B. Cadmium exposure induces osteoporosis through cellular senescence, associated with activation of NF-κB pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118043. [PMID: 34479166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxicant as a common pollutant derived from many agricultural and industrial sources. The absorption of Cd takes place primarily through Cd-contaminated food and water and, to a significant extent, via inhalation of Cd-contaminated air and cigarette smoking. Epidemiological data suggest that occupational or environmental exposure to Cd increases the health risk for osteoporosis and spontaneous fracture such as itai-itai disease. However, the direct effects and underlying mechanism(s) of Cd exposure on bone damage are largely unknown. We used primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and found that Cd significantly induced BMMSC cellular senescence through over-activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Increased cell senescence was determined by production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cell cycle arrest and upregulation of p21/p53/p16INK4a protein expression. Additionally, Cd impaired osteogenic differentiation and increased adipogenesis of BMMSCs, and significantly induced cellular senescence-associated defects such as mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were chronically exposed to Cd to verify that Cd significantly increased adipocyte number, and decreased mineralization tissues of bone marrow in vivo. Interestingly, we observed that Cd exposure remarkably retarded bone repair and regeneration after operation of skull defect. Notably, pretreatment of melatonin is able to partially prevent Cd-induced some senescence-associated defects of BMMSCs including mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Although Cd activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, rapamycin only partially ameliorated Cd-induced cell apoptosis rather than cellular senescence phenotypes of BMMSCs. In addition, a selective NF-κB inhibitor moderately alleviated Cd-caused the senescence-related defects of the BMMSCs. The study shed light on the action and mechanism of Cd on osteoporosis and bone ageing, and may provide a novel option to ameliorate the harmful effects of Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigen Luo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiya Ouyang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanwei Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuna Ji
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baicheng Bao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Abaricia JO, Whitehead AJ, Kandalam S, Shah AH, Hotchkiss KM, Morandini L, Olivares-Navarrete R. E-cigarette Aerosol Mixtures Inhibit Biomaterial-Induced Osseointegrative Cell Phenotypes. MATERIALIA 2021; 20:101241. [PMID: 34778733 PMCID: PMC8589285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a known contributor to the failure of dental implants. Despite a decline in cigarette use, the popularity of e-cigarettes has exploded. However, little is known about how e-cigarettes affect the biologic response to implants. This study examines the effect of e-cigarette aerosol mixtures (ecig-AM) on macrophage activation and osteoblastogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in response to titanium (Ti) implant surfaces. METHODS Ecig-AMs were prepared by bubbling aerosol through PBS. Human-derived MSCs or murine-derived macrophages were plated on smooth, rough-hydrophobic, or rough-hydrophilic Ti surfaces in media supplemented with ecig-AM. In macrophages, expression of inflammatory markers was measured by qPCR and macrophage immunophenotype characterized by flow cytometry after 24 hours of exposure. In MSCs, expression of osteogenic markers and inflammatory cytokines was measured by qPCR and ELISA, while alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was determined by colorimetric assay. RESULTS Ecig-AM polarized primary macrophages into a pro-inflammatory state with higher effect on ecig-AM with flavorants and nicotine. Metabolic activity of MSCs decreased in a concentration dependent fashion and was stronger in ecig-AM containing nicotine. MSCs reduced expression of osteogenic markers in response to ecig-AM, but increased RANKL secretion, particularly at the highest ecig-AM concentrations. The effect of ecig-AM exposure was lessened when macrophages or MSCs were cultured on rough-hydrophilic substrates. SIGNIFICANCE Ecig-AM activated macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired MSC-to-osteoblast differentiation in response to Ti implant surfaces. These effects were potentiated by flavorants and nicotine, suggesting that e-cigarette use may compromise the osseointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suraj Kandalam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Arth H. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Kelly M Hotchkiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Lais Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Turajane K, Ji G, Chinenov Y, Chao M, Ayturk U, Suhardi VJ, Greenblatt MB, Ivashkiv LB, Bostrom MPG, Yang X. RNA-seq Analysis of Peri-Implant Tissue Shows Differences in Immune, Notch, Wnt, and Angiogenesis Pathways in Aged Versus Young Mice. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10535. [PMID: 34761143 PMCID: PMC8567488 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of total joint replacements (TJRs) in the United States is increasing annually. Cementless implants are intended to improve upon traditional cemented implants by allowing bone growth directly on the surface to improve implant longevity. One major complication of TJR is implant loosening, which is related to deficient osseointegration in cementless TJRs. Although poor osseointegration in aged patients is typically attributed to decreased basal bone mass, little is known about the molecular pathways that compromise the growth of bone onto porous titanium implants. To identify the pathways important for osseointegration that are compromised by aging, we developed an approach for transcriptomic profiling of peri-implant tissue in young and aged mice using our murine model of osseointegration. Based on previous findings of changes of bone quality associated with aging, we hypothesized that aged mice have impaired activation of bone anabolic pathways at the bone-implant interface. We found that pathways most significantly downregulated in aged mice relative to young mice are related to angiogenic, Notch, and Wnt signaling. Downregulation of these pathways is associated with markedly increased expression of inflammatory and immune genes at the bone-implant interface in aged mice. These results identify osseointegration pathways affected by aging and suggest that an increased inflammatory response in aged mice may compromise peri-implant bone healing. Targeting the Notch and Wnt pathways, promoting angiogenesis, or modulating the immune response at the peri-implant site may enhance osseointegration and improve the outcome of joint replacement in older patients. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Ji
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Max Chao
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Xu Yang
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNYUSA
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Abaricia JO, Farzad N, Heath TJ, Simmons J, Morandini L, Olivares-Navarrete R. Control of innate immune response by biomaterial surface topography, energy, and stiffness. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:58-73. [PMID: 33882355 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the focus of implantable biomaterials has shifted from bioinert implants to bioactive designs, recent research has highlighted the complex interactions between cell physiologic systems and material properties, particularly physical cues. From the cells known to interact with implanted biomaterials, the response of the immune system has been a critical target of study recently. Here, we review studies characterizing the response of innate immune cells to various material cues, particularly of those at the surface of implanted materials.The innate immune system consists of cell types with various roles in inflammation. Neutrophils and macrophages serve both phagocytic and signaling roles, especially early in the inflammatory phase of biomaterial implantation. These cell types ultimately dictate the outcome of implants as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or integration. Other cell types like dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells may also serve an immunomodulatory role in the biomaterial context. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of innate immunity in the response to implantable biomaterials, especially in neutrophils and macrophages, as well as key mechanobiological findings in innate immune cells underpinning these advances. Here we discuss how physicochemical properties of biomaterials control innate immune cell behavior.
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Nakai K, Yamamoto K, Kishida T, Kotani SI, Sato Y, Horiguchi S, Yamanobe H, Adachi T, Boschetto F, Marin E, Zhu W, Akiyoshi K, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Pezzotti G, Mazda O. Osteogenic Response to Polysaccharide Nanogel Sheets of Human Fibroblasts After Conversion Into Functional Osteoblasts by Direct Phenotypic Cell Reprogramming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:713932. [PMID: 34540813 PMCID: PMC8446423 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.713932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were converted into osteoblasts using a ALK inhibitor II (inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β signal) on freeze-dried nanogel-cross-linked porous (FD-NanoClip) polysaccharide sheets or fibers. Then, the ability of these directly converted osteoblasts (dOBs) to produce calcified substrates and the expression of osteoblast genes were analyzed in comparison with osteoblasts converted by exactly the same procedure but seeded onto a conventional atelocollagen scaffold. dOBs exposed to FD-NanoClip in both sheet and fiber morphologies produced a significantly higher concentration of calcium deposits as compared to a control cell sample (i.e., unconverted fibroblasts), while there was no statistically significant difference in calcification level between dOBs exposed to atelocollagen sheets and the control group. The observed differences in osteogenic behaviors were interpreted according to Raman spectroscopic analyses comparing different polysaccharide scaffolds and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of dOB cultures. This study substantiates a possible new path to repair large bone defects through a simplified transplantation procedure using FD-NanoClip sheets with better osteogenic outputs as compared to the existing atelocollagen scaffolding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sato
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horiguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironaka Yamanobe
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Francesco Boschetto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee DH, Kim SA, Go EJ, Yoon CY, Cho ML, Shetty AA, Kim SJ. Characterization of wild-type and STAT3 signaling-suppressed mesenchymal stem cells obtained from hemovac blood concentrates. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1284. [PMID: 34532421 PMCID: PMC8422155 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Venous blood drained from the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a hemovac line is a potential source of bone marrow components, including stem cells, from the cutting surface of cancellous bones of the knee joint. However, the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA-MSCs) can be disrupted by inflammation of the joint. Further, to override the invasive nature of the currently used methods to obtain stem cells, their functional modification is necessary for therapeutic applications. Methods The effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling suppression on MSCs (iSTAT3-MSCs) were evaluated by comparative analyses of the characteristics of OA-MSCs and iSTAT3-MSCs from 20 patients who underwent TKA. Results OA-MSCs and iSTAT3-MSCs were adherent, with fibroblast-like appearance and high rates of expression of MSC-specific markers, including CD73, CD90, and CD105 (>90%). Both OA-MSCs and iSTAT3-MSCs were able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells; however, iSTAT3-MSCs showed higher levels of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation markers than OA-MSCs. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective cytokine levels were higher in iSTAT3-MSCs than in OA-MSCs. Conclusions These findings indicate that iSTAT3-MSCs after TKA are potentially effective for stem cell therapy in the context of bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Go
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Young Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Asode Ananthram Shetty
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Local and Remote Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Administration on Skin Wound Regeneration. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:355-372. [PMID: 35366280 PMCID: PMC8830469 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an important medical problem. We evaluated the efficacy of locally administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human umbilical cords on the dynamics of skin wound healing. The study was conducted on the backs of Wistar rats, where two square wounds were created by removing all layers of the skin. Four groups were studied in two series of experiments: (1) a Control_NaCl group (the wounds were injected with 0.9% NaCl solution) and a Control_0 group (intact wounds on the opposite side of the same rat's back); (2) an MSC group (injected MSCs, local effect) and a Control_sc group (intact wounds on the opposite side of the back, remote MSC effect). The area and temperature of the wounds and the microcirculation of the wound edges were measured. Histological and morphometric studies were performed on days 3 and 7 after the wounds were created. The results showed that the injection trauma (Control_NaCl) slowed the regeneration process. In both MSC groups (unlike in either control group), we observed no increase in the area of the wounds; in addition, we observed inhibition of the inflammatory process and improved wound regeneration on days 1-3 in the remote group and days 1-5 in the local (injected) group. The MSC and Control_sc groups demonstrated improved microcirculation and suppression of leukocyte infiltration on day 3. On day 7, all the studied parameters of the wounds of the Control_0 group were the same as those of the wounds that received cell therapy, although in contrast to the results of the Control_ NaCl group, fibroblast proliferation was greater in the MSC and Control_sc groups. The dynamics of the size of the wounds were comparable for both local and remote application of MSCs. Thus, even a one-time application of MSCs was effective during the first 3-5 days after injury due to anti-inflammatory processes, which improved the regeneration process. Remote application of MSC, as opposed to direct injection, is advisable, especially in the case of multiple wounds, since the results were indistinguishable between the groups and injection trauma was shown to slow healing.
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Brassolatti P, Bossini PS, de Andrade ALM, Luna GLF, da Silva JV, Almeida-Lopes L, Napolitano MA, de Avó LRDS, Leal ÂMDO, Anibal FDF. Comparison of two different biomaterials in the bone regeneration (15, 30 and 60 days) of critical defects in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e360605. [PMID: 34287608 PMCID: PMC8291905 DOI: 10.1590/acb360605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare two types of different scaffolds in critical bone defects in rats. METHODS Seventy male Wistar rats (280 ± 20 grams) divided into three groups: control group (CG), untreated animals; biomaterial group 1 (BG1), animals that received the scaffold implanted hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA); and biomaterial group 2 (BG2), animals that received the scaffolds HA/PLGA/Bleed. The critical bone defect was induced in the medial region of the skull calotte with the aid of an 8-mm-diameter trephine drill. The biomaterial was implanted in the form of 1.5 mm thick scaffolds, and samples were collected after 15, 30 and 60 days. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used, with the significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Histology revealed morphological and structural differences of the neoformed tissue between the experimental groups. Collagen-1 (Col-1) findings are consistent with the histological ones, in which BG2 presented the highest amount of fibers in its tissue matrix in all evaluated periods. In contrast, the results of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (Rank-L) immunoexpression were higher in BG2 in the periods of 30 and 60 days, indicating an increase of the degradation of the biomaterial and the remodeling activity of the bone. CONCLUSIONS The properties of the HA/PLGA/Bleed scaffold were superior when compared to the scaffold composed only by HA/PLGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Brassolatti
- PhD in Biotechnology. Postgraduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics
and Molecular Biology – Department of Morphology and Pathology – Universidade
Federal de São Carlos – Sao Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bossini
- PhD in Physiotherapy. NUPEN - Research and Education Center in
Health Science and DMC Equipment Import and Export-Co. Ltda – Sao Carlos (SP),
Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Martins de Andrade
- PhD in Physiotherapy. Department of Physiotherapy – Universidade
Federal de São Carlos – Sao Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Genoveva Lourdes Flores Luna
- PhD in Biotechnology. Metabolic Endocrine Research Laboratory –
Department of Medicine – Universidade Federal University de São Carlos – Sao Carlos
(SP), Brazil
| | - Juliana Virginio da Silva
- Graduate student in Biotechnology. Institute of Physics of Sao
Carlos– Universidade de São Paulo – Sao Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Luciana Almeida-Lopes
- PhD in Science and Materials Engineering. NUPEN - Research and
Education Center in Health Science and DMC Equipment Import and Export-Co. Ltda –
Sao Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Associate Professor. Department of Morphology and Pathology –
Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Sao Carlos (SP), Brazil
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Treatment with a long-acting chimeric CSF1 molecule enhances fracture healing of healthy and osteoporotic bones. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120936. [PMID: 34303178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-targeted therapies, including macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), have been shown to have pro-repair impacts post-fracture. Preclinical/clinical applications of CSF1 have been expedited by development of chimeric CSF1-Fc which has extended circulating half-life. Here, we used mouse models to investigate the bone regenerative potential of CSF1-Fc in healthy and osteoporotic fracture. We also explored whether combination of CSF1-Fc with interleukin (IL)-4 provided additional fracture healing benefit in osteopenic bone. Micro-computed tomography, in situ histomorphometry, and bone mechanical parameters were used to assess systemic impacts of CSF1-Fc therapy in naive mice (male and female young, adult and geriatric). An intermittent CSF1-Fc regimen was optimized to mitigate undesirable impacts on bone resorption and hepatosplenomegaly, irrespective of age or gender. The intermittent CSF1-Fc regimen was tested in a mid-diaphyseal femoral fracture model in healthy bones with treatment initiated 1-day post-fracture. Weekly CSF1-Fc did not impact osteoclasts but increased osteal macrophages and improved fracture strength. Importantly, this treatment regimen also improved fracture union and strength in an ovariectomy-model of delayed fracture repair. Combining CSF1-Fc with IL-4 initiated 1-week post-fracture reduced the efficacy of CSF1-Fc. This study describes a novel strategy to specifically achieve bone regenerative actions of CSF1-Fc that has the potential to alleviate fragility fracture morbidity and mortality.
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Kim HY, Park JH, Kim MJ, Lee JH, Oh SH, Byun JH. The effects of VEGF-centered biomimetic delivery of growth factors on bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3675-3691. [PMID: 33899852 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is accepted that biomimetic supply of signaling molecules during bone regeneration can provide an appropriate environment for accelerated new bone formation. In this study, we developed a growth factor delivery system based on porous particles and a thermosensitive hydrogel that allowed fast, continuous, and delayed/continuous release of growth factors to mimic their biological production during bone regeneration. It was observed that the Continuous group (continuous release of growth factors) provides a better environment for the osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs than the Biomimetic group (biomimetic release of growth factors), and thus is anticipated to promote bone regeneration. However, contrary to expectation, the Biomimetic group promoted significant new bone formation compared to the Continuous group. From the systematic cell culture experiments, the initial supply of VEGF was considered to have more favorable effects on the osteoclastogenesis than osteogenesis, which may hinder bone regeneration. Our results indicated that the continuous supply of VEGF (in particular, at early stage) from VEGF-loaded biomaterial might not be conducive to new bone formation. Therefore, we suggest that a biomimetic supply of growth factors is a more pivotal parameter for sufficient tissue regeneration. Its use as a molecular delivery system may also serve as a useful tool for the investigation of biological processes and molecules during tissue regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. and Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. and Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
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62
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Liu H, Han X, Yang H, Cao Y, Zhang C, Du J, Diao S, Fan Z. GREM1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation, senescence and BMP transcription of adipose-derived stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:325-336. [PMID: 32151168 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1736054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are ideal for cell-based therapies to support bone regeneration. It is vital to understand the critical genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the functional regulation of ADSCs for enhancing bone regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the Gremlin 1 (GREM1) effect on ADSCs osteogenic differentiation and senescence.Materials and methods: The in vitro ADSCs osteogenic differentiation potential was evaluated by determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization ability, and the expression of osteogenic markers. Cell senescence is determined by SA-β-gal staining, telomerase assay, and the expression of aging markers.Results: GREM1 overexpression in ADSCs reduced ALP activity and mineralization, inhibited the expression of osteogenic related genes OCN, OPN, DSPP, DMP1, and BSP, and key transcription factors, RUNX2 and OSX. GREM1 knockdown in ADSCs enhanced ALP activity and mineralization, promoted the expression of OCN, OPN, DSPP, DMP1, BSP, RUNX2, and OSX. GREM1 overexpression in ADSCs reduced the percent SA-β-Gal positive cells, P16 and P53 expressions, and increased telomerase activity. GREM1 knockdown in ADSCs increased the percentage of SA-β-Gal positive cells, P16 and P53 expressions, and reduced telomerase activity. Furthermore, GREM1 reduced the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, BMP6, and BMP7.Conclusions: In summary, our findings suggested that GREM1 inhibited ADSCs senescence and osteogenic differentiation and antagonized BMP transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Diao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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63
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Zhu G, Zhang T, Chen M, Yao K, Huang X, Zhang B, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Bone physiological microenvironment and healing mechanism: Basis for future bone-tissue engineering scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4110-4140. [PMID: 33997497 PMCID: PMC8091181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal therapeutic effect. This has prompted researchers to explore novel bone-regeneration methods. In recent decades, the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been leading the forefront of this field. As researchers have provided deep insights into bone physiology and the bone-healing mechanism, various biomimicking and bioinspired BTE scaffolds have been reported. Now it is necessary to review the progress of natural bone physiology and bone healing mechanism, which will provide more valuable enlightenments for researchers in this field. This work details the physiological microenvironment of the natural bone tissue, bone-healing process, and various biomolecules involved therein. Next, according to the bone physiological microenvironment and the delivery of bioactive factors based on the bone-healing mechanism, it elaborates the biomimetic design of a scaffold, highlighting the designing of BTE scaffolds according to bone biology and providing the rationale for designing next-generation BTE scaffolds that conform to natural bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yazhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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64
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Bai J, Xu J, Hang K, Kuang Z, Ying L, Zhou C, Ni L, Wang Y, Xue D. Glycyrrhizic Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:607635. [PMID: 33935702 PMCID: PMC8085383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a major triterpene glycoside isolated from liquorice root that has been shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. However, there have been no reports regarding the effect of GA on osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the effects and mechanism of action of GA on osteogenesis. A CCK-8 array was used to assess cell viability. The osteogenic capability was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. ALP staining and ARS were used to evaluate ALP activity and mineralization, respectively. GA-GelMA hydrogels were designed to verify the therapeutic effects of GA in vivo by radiographic analysis and histological evaluation. Our results show that GA had no significant influence on the viability or proliferation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). GA promoted osteogenic differentiation and enhanced calcium deposition. Furthermore, ratio of active β-catenin and total β-catenin protein increased after treatment with GA. Wnt/catenin signaling inhibitor partially attenuated the effects of GA on osteogenic differentiation. In a mouse femoral fracture model, GA-GelMA hydrogels accelerated bone healing. Our results show that GA promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. GA-GelMA hydrogels promoted bone fracture healing. GA has potential as a cost-effective treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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65
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Yu C, Li D, Wang C, Xia K, Wang J, Zhou X, Ying L, Shu J, Huang X, Xu H, Han B, Chen Q, Li F, Tang J, Liang C, Slater N. Injectable kartogenin and apocynin loaded micelle enhances the alleviation of intervertebral disc degeneration by adipose-derived stem cell. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3568-3579. [PMID: 33842742 PMCID: PMC8022109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation has been proved the promising therapeutic effects on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the degenerated region will impede the efficiency of human adipose-derived stem cells (human ADSCs) transplantation therapy. It inhibits human ADSCs proliferation, and increases human ADSCs apoptosis. Herein, we firstly devised a novel amphiphilic copolymer PEG-PAPO, which could self-assemble into a nanosized micelle and load lipophilic kartogenin (KGN), as a single complex (PAKM). It was an injectable esterase-responsive micelle, and showed controlled release ability of KGN and apocynin (APO). Oxidative stimulation promoted the esterase activity in human ADSCs, which accelerate degradation of esterase-responsive micelle. Compared its monomer, the PAKM micelle possessed better bioactivities, which were attributed to their synergistic effect. It enhanced the viability, autophagic activation (P62, LC3 II), ECM-related transcription factor (SOX9), and ECM (Collagen II, Aggrecan) maintenance in human ADSCs. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the injection of PAKM with human ADSCs yielded higher disc height and water content in rats. Therefore, PAKM micelles perform promoting cell survival and differentiation effects, and may be a potential therapeutic agent for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Nigel Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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66
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Ouyang L, Cao J, Dai Q, Qiu D. New insight of immuno-engineering in osteoimmunomodulation for bone regeneration. Regen Ther 2021; 18:24-29. [PMID: 33778136 PMCID: PMC7985270 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of bone tissue engineering, the importance of immune response in bone tissue regeneration is gradually recognized. The new bone tissue engineering products should possess immunoregulatory functions, harmonizing the interactions between the bone's immune defense and regeneration systems, and promoting tissue regeneration. This article will interpret the relationship between the bone immune system, bone tissue regeneration, as well as the immunoregulatory function of bone biomaterials and seed stem cells in bone tissue engineering. This review locates arears for foucusing efforts at providing novel designs ideas about the development of immune-mediation targeted bone tissue engineering products and the evaluation strategy for the osteoimmunomodulation property of bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ouyang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiankun Cao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daojing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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67
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Vitale K, Liu S. Pickleball: Review and Clinical Recommendations for this Fast-growing Sport. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 19:406-413. [PMID: 33031206 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pickleball is a single or doubles volley sport played with paddles and ball on a hardcourt. Growing in popularity in recent years, injuries can occur similar to racquet sports; however, there is a scarcity of references in the literature for sports medicine providers encountering these athletes and injuries. This review provides clinicians treating pickleball athletes with an overview of the sport, a case study demonstrating the significant injuries that can occur in pickleball, and a review of the available literature. We provide a discussion on common pickleball injuries, injury prevention strategies, and event coverage recommendations to better equip sports medicine providers with a base of knowledge and a clinical approach to treat these athletes, or "picklers," who enjoy this fast-growing sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Vitale
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Steven Liu
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
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68
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Xu M, Wang L, Wu S, Dong Y, Chen X, Wang S, Li X, Zou C. Review on experimental study and clinical application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in inflammation. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:443-462. [PMID: 33392043 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), as physical therapy, is widely used in both research and clinical settings. It induces multiple bioeffects, such as alleviating pain, promoting tissue repair, and shortening disease duration. LIPUS can also mediate inflammation. This paper reviews the application of LIPUS in inflammation and discusses the underlying mechanism. In basic experiments, LIPUS can regulate inflammatory responses at the cellular level by affecting some signaling pathways. In a clinical trial, LIPUS has been shown to alleviate inflammatory responses efficiently. As a cheap, safe, and convenient physical method, LIPUS is promising as anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Senmin Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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69
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Luk J, Stoker AM, Teixeiro E, Kuroki K, Schreiner AJ, Stannard JP, Wissman R, Cook JL. Systematic Review of Osteochondral Allograft Transplant Immunology: How We Can Further Optimize Outcomes. J Knee Surg 2021; 34:30-38. [PMID: 33389738 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing success for osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation in treating large articular cartilage lesions in multiple joints, associated revision and failure rates are still higher than desired. While immunorejection responses have not been documented, the effects of the host's immune responses on OCA transplantation failures have not been thoroughly characterized. The objective of this study was to systematically review clinically relevant peer-reviewed evidence pertaining to the immunology of OCAs to elucidate theragnostic strategies for improving functional graft survival and outcomes for patients undergoing OCA transplantation. This systematic review of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE suggests that host immune responses play key roles in incorporation and functional survival of OCA transplants. OCA rejection has not been reported; however, graft integration through creeping substitution is reliant on host immune responses. Prolonged inflammation, diminished osteogenic potential for healing and incorporation, and relative bioburden are mechanisms that may be influenced by the immune system and contribute to undesirable outcomes after OCA transplantation. Based on the safety and efficacy of OCA transplantation and its associated benefits to a large and growing patient population, basic, preclinical, and clinical osteoimmunological studies on OCA transplantation that comprehensively assess and correlate cellular, molecular, histologic, biomechanical, biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, arthroscopic, functional, and patient-reported outcome measures are of high interest and importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Luk
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Keiichi Kuroki
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Anna J Schreiner
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,BG Center for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - James P Stannard
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert Wissman
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James L Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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70
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Leng Q, Liang Z, Lv Y. Demineralized bone matrix scaffold modified with mRNA derived from osteogenically pre-differentiated MSCs improves bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111601. [PMID: 33321645 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy based on mRNA provides a promising approach for bone regeneration. Quick mRNA translation and controlled protein production could be earned by implantation of mRNA-activated scaffold in bone remodeling region. Furthermore, the expression levels of osteogenic-related mRNA in the cytoplasm of osteogenically pre-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were high and the expression levels were different at different stages of osteogenically differentiated MSCs. This study intended to investigate the effect of osteoinductive-mRNAs (Oi-mRNAs), derived from osteogenically pre-differentiated MSCs at various stages (Day 1 (Oi1-mRNA), Day 3 (Oi3-mRNA), Day 7 (Oi7-mRNA), Day 14 (Oi14-mRNA) and Day 21 (Oi21-mRNA), respectively), on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Further, the Oi-mRNAs combined with cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) were loaded onto demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold (Oi-mRNA/DBM). The results revealed that the Oi1-mRNA, Oi3-mRNA and Oi21-mRNA had no obvious effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while the Oi7-mRNA increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the Oi14-mRNA significantly promoted the expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), and calcium deposition. In addition, the Oi14-mRNA/DBM scaffold could significantly enhance extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and new collagen formation of MSCs. After being implanted into rat critical-sized cranium defect model, the Oi14-mRNA/DBM scaffold could promote the infiltration of cells and repair of bone defect in vivo. The DBM scaffold loaded with mRNA encoding osteoinductive protein may provide a powerful tool for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Leng
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Liang
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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71
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Gurung S, Ulrich D, Sturm M, Rosamilia A, Werkmeister JA, Gargett CE. Comparing the Effect of TGF-β Receptor Inhibition on Human Perivascular Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Endometrium, Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissues. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040261. [PMID: 33271899 PMCID: PMC7712261 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with therapeutic properties have been identified in many tissues. Their rarity necessitates extensive in vitro expansion, resulting in spontaneous differentiation, cellular senescence and apoptosis, producing therapeutic products with variable quality and decreased potency. We previously demonstrated that A83-01, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor inhibitor, maintained clonogenicity and promoted the potency of culture-expanded premenopausal endometrial MSCs using functional assays and whole-transcriptome sequencing. Here, we compared the effects of A83-01 on MSCs derived from postmenopausal endometrium, menstrual blood, placenta decidua-basalis, bone marrow and adipose tissue. Sushi-domain-containing-2 (SUSD2+) and CD34+CD31−CD45− MSCs were isolated. Expanded MSCs were cultured with or without A83-01 for 7 days and assessed for MSC properties. SUSD2 identified perivascular cells in the placental decidua-basalis, and their maternal origin was validated. A83-01 promoted MSC proliferation from all sources except bone marrow and only increased SUSD2 expression and prevented apoptosis in MSCs from endometrial-derived tissues. A83-01 only improved the cloning efficiency of postmenopausal endometrial MSCs (eMSCs), and expanded adipose tissue MSCs (adMSCs) underwent significant senescence, which was mitigated by A83-01. MSCs derived from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were highly apoptotic, but A83-01 was without effect. A83-01 maintained the function and phenotype in MSCs cultured from endometrial, but not other, tissues. Our results also demonstrated that cellular SUSD2 expression directly correlates with the functional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-03-8572-2813
| | - Daniela Ulrich
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Marian Sturm
- Cell & Tissue Therapies WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anna Rosamilia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jerome A. Werkmeister
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.U.); (J.A.W.); (C.E.G.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
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72
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Wang B, Suen CW, Ma H, Wang Y, Kong L, Qin D, Lee YWW, Li G. The Roles of H19 in Regulating Inflammation and Aging. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579687. [PMID: 33193379 PMCID: PMC7653221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA H19 correlates with several aging processes. However, the role of H19 in aging remains unclear. Many studies have elucidated a close connection between H19 and inflammatory genes. Chronic systemic inflammation is an established factor associated with various diseases during aging. Thus, H19 might participate in the development of age-related diseases by interplay with inflammation and therefore provide a protective function against age-related diseases. We investigated the inflammatory gene network of H19 to understand its regulatory mechanisms. H19 usually controls gene expression by acting as a microRNA sponge, or through mir-675, or by leading various protein complexes to genes at the chromosome level. The regulatory gene network has been intensively studied, whereas the biogenesis of H19 remains largely unknown. This literature review found that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and an imprinting gene network (IGN) might link H19 with inflammation. Evidence indicates that EMT and IGN are also tightly controlled by environmental stress. We propose that H19 is a stress-induced long non-coding RNA. Because environmental stress is a recognized age-related factor, inflammation and H19 might serve as a therapeutic axis to fight against age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Wai Suen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haibin Ma
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuk Wai Wayne Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)-Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL), Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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73
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Patil S, Dang K, Zhao X, Gao Y, Qian A. Role of LncRNAs and CircRNAs in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Front Genet 2020; 11:584118. [PMID: 33281877 PMCID: PMC7691603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.584118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a mechanosensitive organ that provides strength and support. Many bone cells, various pathways, and signaling molecules coordinate bone metabolism and also determine the course of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, osteopenia, etc. Osteoporosis is caused by increased bone resorption and reduced bone formation due to the changes in the level of different proteins and RNAs in osteoclast or/and osteoblasts. The available therapeutic interventions can significantly reduce bone resorption or enhance bone formation, but their prolonged use has deleterious side effects. Therefore, the use of non-coding RNAs as therapeutics has emerged as an interesting field of research. Despite advancements in the molecular field, not much is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Therefore, in this article, we summarize the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in different bone cells and osteoporosis so that it might help in the development of osteoporotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongguang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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74
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Hodjat M, Khan F, Saadat KA. Epigenetic alterations in aging tooth and the reprogramming potential. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101140. [PMID: 32795505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tooth compartments and associated supportive tissues exhibit significant alterations during aging, leading to their impaired functioning. Aging not only affects the structure and function of dental tissue but also reduces its capacity to maintain physiological homeostasis and the healing process. Decreased cementocyte viability; diminished regenerative potential of stem cells residing in the pulp, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament; and impaired osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation capacity of progenitor cells are among the cellular impacts associated with oral aging. Various physiological and pathological phenomena are regulated by the epigenome, and hence, changes in epigenetic markers due to external stimuli have been reported in aging oral tissues and are considered a possible molecular mechanism underlying dental aging. The role of nutri-epigenetics in aging has emerged as an attractive research area. Thus far, various nutrients and bioactive compounds have been identified to have a modulatory effect on the epigenetic machinery, showing a promising response in dental aging. The human microbiota is another key player in aging and can be a target for anti-aging interventions in dental tissue. Considering the reversible characteristics of epigenetic markers and the potential for environmental factors to manipulate the epigenome, to minimize the deteriorative effects of aging, it is important to evaluate the linkage between external stimuli and their effects in terms of age-related epigenetic modifications.
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75
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Wu X, Walsh K, Hoff BL, Camci-Unal G. Mineralization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E132. [PMID: 33092121 PMCID: PMC7711498 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized biomaterials have been demonstrated to enhance bone regeneration compared to their non-mineralized analogs. As non-mineralized scaffolds do not perform as well as mineralized scaffolds in terms of their mechanical and surface properties, osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, mineralization strategies are promising methods in the development of functional biomimetic bone scaffolds. In particular, the mineralization of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds has become a promising approach for guided bone regeneration. In this paper, we review the major approaches used for mineralizing tissue engineering constructs. The resulting scaffolds provide minerals chemically similar to the inorganic component of natural bone, carbonated apatite, Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH). In addition, we discuss the characterization techniques that are used to characterize the mineralized scaffolds, such as the degree of mineralization, surface characteristics, mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and the chemical composition of the deposited minerals. In vitro cell culture studies show that the mineralized scaffolds are highly osteoinductive. We also summarize, based on literature examples, the applications of 3D mineralized constructs, as well as the rationale behind their use. The mineralized scaffolds have improved bone regeneration in animal models due to the enhanced mechanical properties and cell recruitment capability making them a preferable option for bone tissue engineering over non-mineralized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wu
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Kierra Walsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Brianna L. Hoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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76
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Bachmann MC, Bellalta S, Basoalto R, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Jalil Y, Lépez M, Matamoros A, von Bernhardi R. The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570083. [PMID: 33162985 PMCID: PMC7591463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5-8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual's sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roque Basoalto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yorschua Jalil
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Matamoros
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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77
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Delirium Superimposed on Dementia in Perioperative Period and Intensive Care. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103279. [PMID: 33066174 PMCID: PMC7601948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Delirium is a life-threatening condition, the causes of which are still not fully understood. It may develop in patients with pre-existing dementia. Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) can go completely unnoticed with routine examination. It may happen in the perioperative period and in the critical care setting, especially in the ageing population. Difficulties in diagnosing and lack of specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment make DSD a seriously growing problem. Patient-oriented, multidirectional preventive measures should be applied to reduce the risk of DSD. For this reason, anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists should be aware of this interesting condition in their everyday clinical practice.
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78
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Carnovali M, Banfi G, Mariotti M. Age-dependent modulation of bone metabolism in zebrafish scales as new model of male osteoporosis in lower vertebrates. GeroScience 2020; 43:927-940. [PMID: 32997256 PMCID: PMC8110640 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After middle age, in human bone, the resorption usually exceeds formation resulting in bone loss and increased risk of fractures in the aged population. Only few in vivo models in higher vertebrates are available for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about bone aging. Among these, male Danio rerio (zebrafish) can be successfully used as low vertebrate model to study degenerative alterations that affect the skeleton during aging, reducing the role of sex hormones. In this paper, we investigated the early bone aging mechanisms in male zebrafish (3, 6, 9 months old) scales evaluating the physiological changes and the effects of prednisolone, a pro-osteoporotic drug. The results evidentiated an age-dependent reduction of the mineralization rate in the fish scales, as highlighted by growing circle measurements. Indeed, the osteoblastic ALP activity at the matrix deposition site was found progressively downregulated. The higher TRAP activity was found in 63% of 9-month-old fish scales associated with resorption lacunae along the scale border. Gene expression analysis evidentiated that an increase of the tnfrsf1b (homolog of human rank) in aging scales may be responsible for resorption stimulation. Interestingly, prednisolone inhibited the physiological growth of the scale and induced in aged scales a more significant bone resorption compared with untreated fish (3.8% vs 1.02%). Bone markers analysis shown a significant reduction of ALP/TRAP ratio due to a prednisolone-dependent stimulation of tnfsf11 (homolog of human rankl) in scales of older fish. The results evidentiated for the first time the presence of a senile male osteoporosis in lower vertebrate. This new model could be helpful to identify the early mechanisms of bone aging and new therapeutic strategies to prevent age-related bone alterations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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79
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Dahlen G, Fejerskov O, Manji F. Current concepts and an alternative perspective on periodontal disease. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32847557 PMCID: PMC7448340 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data from countries worldwide show a consistent pattern implying that a fraction of around 10% of those over 40-50 years in all populations will exhibit severe periodontitis with the potential risk of losing teeth during their life-time. The subgingival microbiota shows striking similarities between populations irrespective of disease severity and can only marginally explain the clinical pattern. It is also difficult to explain this pattern by genetic and acquired risk factors such as systemic disease (e.g. diabetes) or habits (e.g. smoking) even if they may have a confounding effect on the disease. MAIN TEXT Inflammation of the gingiva appears to be a normal and physiological response to the presence of commensal bacteria along the gingival crevice and in the dental biofilm. Over many years of exposure to the dental biofilm, the chronic inflammation in the gingiva gradually results in a loss of attachment and bone loss. Numerous laboratory and clinical studies have provided insight into the potential role of determinants that are associated with periodontitis. However, it has been difficult to relate the findings to the pattern of the distribution of the disease observed in epidemiological studies. We propose a simple and parsimonious model that considers all the multitude of potential determinants as creating effectively random noise within the dental biofilm to which the tissues react by accumulating the effects of this noise. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that such a model can explain many of the epidemiological features of periodontal breakdown over time, and we discuss its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ole Fejerskov
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Firoze Manji
- Institute of African Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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80
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Li H, Wang H, Pan J, Li J, Zhang K, Duan W, Liang H, Chen K, Geng D, Shi Q, Yang H, Li B, Chen H. Nanoscaled Bionic Periosteum Orchestrating the Osteogenic Microenvironment for Sequential Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36823-36836. [PMID: 32706234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Periosteum orchestrates bone repair. Previously developed artificial periosteum was mainly focusing on materials modification to simply enhance bone formation, but few were attempting to make the artificial periosteum fit different bone repair stages. Here, we constructed a functionalized periosteum, which was composed of an electrospun scaffold grafted with leptin receptor antibody (LepR-a) and BMP2-loaded hollow MnO2 (h-MnO2) nanoparticles through a polydopamine (PDA)-assisted technique. The bionic periosteum showed suitable mechanical properties and favorable biocompatibility. It effectively recruited skeletal stem cells (SSCs) through antigen-antibody interactions, as in in vitro cell adhesion tests, we observed that more SSCs attached to the LepR-a-grafted periosteum compared to the control group. In vivo, the LepR-a-grafted periosteum covered on the cranial defect in Prx1-Cre/ERT2, -EGFP mice recruited more Prx1-EGFP cells to the fracture site compared to control groups at post-surgery day 3, 7, and 14. Co-staining with Sp7 indicated that most of the recruited Prx1-EGFP cells underwent osteogenic lineage commitment. Sustained BMP2 release from h-MnO2 promoted osteogenesis by accelerating the osteogenic differentiation of recruited SSCs, as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) in vitro and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) in vivo. Interestingly, we also observed the growth of osteogenic coupled capillaries (CD31hiEmcnhi) in the bone repair site, which might be induced by increased platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the regenerative microenvironment subsequent to SSCs' differentiation. Taken together, the findings from this study indicate that the multifunctionalized periosteum efficiently recruited and motivated the SSCs in vivo and orchestrated the osteogenic microenvironment for bone repair in a sequence manner. Thus, the construction of the bionic periosteum to couple with natural bone regeneration stages has been demonstrated to be effective in facilitating bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P. R. China
| | - Kangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P. R. China
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P. R. China
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邹 敏, 孙 嘉, 项 舟. [Early effect of graphene oxide-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with interleukin 4 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on bone immunity and repair]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:1044-1051. [PMID: 32794677 PMCID: PMC8171907 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201911068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO)-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) hydrogel loaded with interleukin 4 (IL-4) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on macrophages M2 type differentiation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS GO solution was mixed with CMC, then the phosphate buffered saline (PBS), IL-4, BMP-2, or IL-4+BMP-2 were added to prepare different GO-CMC hydrogel scaffolds with or without different cytokines under crosslinking agents. The characteristics of pure GO-CMC hydrogel were characterized by gross observation, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the CMC hydrogel was used as control. The sustained release of GO-CMC hydrogels with different cytokines was also tested. Macrophages were isolated and cultured from female Sprague Dawley rats aged 4-5 weeks, and then cultured with GO-CMC hydrogels with and without different cytokines, respectively. CD206 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the differentiation of macrophages after 24 hours. The 3rd generation of rats BMSCs were cultured with GO-CMC hydrogels with and without different cytokines respectively for osteogenic induction. The early osteogenesis was observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining after 10 days, and the late osteogenesis was observed by alizarin red staining after 21 days. RESULTS Generally, GO-CMC hydrogel was brown and translucent. SEM showed that the pore diameter and wall thickness of GO-CMC hydrogel were similar to that of CMC hydrogel, but the inner wall roughness increased. FTIR test showed that CMC polymerized to form hydrogel. In vitro, the sustained release experiments showed that the properties of GO-CMC hydrogels loaded with different cytokines were similar. CD206 immunofluorescence detection showed that GO-CMC hydrogels could induce macrophages differentiation into M2-type. ALP and alizarin red staining showed that GO-CMC hydrogels could induce BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, in which GO-CMC hydrogel loaded with IL-4+BMP-2 showed the most significant effect ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION The GO-CMC hydrogel loaded with IL-4 and BMP-2 can induce macrophages differentiation into M2-type and enhance the ability of BMSCs with osteogenic differentiation in vitro, which provide a new strategy for bone defect repair and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 敏 邹
- 四川大学华西医院骨科(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
- 成都市第一人民医院骨科(成都 610016)Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu Sichuan, 610016, P.R.China
| | - 嘉辰 孙
- 四川大学华西医院骨科(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 舟 项
- 四川大学华西医院骨科(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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82
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Iohara K, Zayed M, Takei Y, Watanabe H, Nakashima M. Treatment of Pulpectomized Teeth With Trypsin Prior to Transplantation of Mobilized Dental Pulp Stem Cells Enhances Pulp Regeneration in Aged Dogs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:983. [PMID: 32923438 PMCID: PMC7456913 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an age-dependent decline of pulp regeneration, due to the decline of migration, proliferation, and cell survival of resident stem cells. Trypsin is a proteolytic enzyme clinically used for tissue repair. Here, we investigated the effects of trypsin pretreatment of pulpectomized teeth prior to cell transplantation on pulp regeneration in aged dogs. The amount of regenerated pulp was significantly higher in trypsin-pretreated teeth compared to untreated teeth. Trypsin pretreatment increased the number of cells attached to the dentinal wall that differentiated into odontoblast-like cells. The trypsin receptor, PAR2, was higher in vitro expression in the periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) from aged dogs compared to those from young. The direct effects of trypsin on aged PDLCs were increased expression of genes related to immunomodulation, cell survival, and extracellular matrix degradation. To examine the indirect effects on microenvironment, highly extracted proteins from aged cementum were identified by proteomic analyses. Western blotting demonstrated that significantly increased fibronectin was released by the trypsin treatment of aged cementum compared to young cementum. The aged cementum extract (CE) and dentin extract (DE) by trypsin treatment increased angiogenesis, neurite extension and migration activities as elicited by fibronectin. Furthermore, the DE significantly increased the mRNA expression of immunomodulatory factors and pulp markers in the aged DPSCs. These results demonstrated the effects of trypsin on the microenvironment in addition to the resident cells including PDLCs in the aged teeth. In conclusion, the potential utility of trypsin pretreatment to stimulate pulp regeneration in aged teeth and the underlying mechanisms were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
| | - Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan.,Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan.,Aeras Bio Inc., Air Water Group, Kobe, Japan
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83
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Biguetti CC, Couto MCR, Silva ACR, Shindo JVTC, Rosa VM, Shinohara AL, Andreo JC, Duarte MAH, Wang Z, Brotto M, Matsumoto MA. New Surgical Model for Bone-Muscle Injury Reveals Age and Gender-Related Healing Patterns in the 5 Lipoxygenase (5LO) Knockout Mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:484. [PMID: 32849277 PMCID: PMC7431610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling lipid mediators released from 5 lipoxygenase (5LO) pathways influence both bone and muscle cells, interfering in their proliferation and differentiation capacities. A major limitation to studying inflammatory signaling pathways in bone and muscle healing is the inadequacy of available animal models. We developed a surgical injury model in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and femur in 129/SvEv littermates mice to study simultaneous musculoskeletal (MSK) healing in male and female, young (3 months) and aged (18 months) WT mice compared to mice lacking 5LO (5LOKO). MSK defects were surgically created using a 1-mm punch device in the VA muscle followed by a 0.5-mm round defect in the femur. After days 7 and 14 post-surgery, the specimens were removed for microtomography (microCT), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses. In addition, non-injured control skeletal muscles along with femur and L5 vertebrae were analyzed. Bones were microCT phenotyped, revealing that aged female WT mice presented reduced BV/TV and trabecular parameters compared to aged males and aged female 5LOKO mice. Skeletal muscles underwent a customized targeted lipidomics investigation for profiling and quantification of lipid signaling mediators (LMs), evidencing age, and gender related-differences in aged female 5LOKO mice compared to matched WT. Histological analysis revealed a suitable bone-healing process with osteoid deposition at day 7 post-surgery, followed by woven bone at day 14 post-surgery, observed in all young mice. Aged WT females displayed increased inflammatory response at day 7 post-surgery, delayed bone matrix maturation, and increased TRAP immunolabeling at day 14 post-surgery compared to 5LOKO females. Skeletal muscles of aged animals showed higher levels of inflammation in comparison to young controls at day 14 post-surgery; however, inflammatory process was attenuated in aged 5LOKO mice compared to aged WT. In conclusion, this new model shows that MSK healing is influenced by age, gender, and the 5LO pathway, which might serve as a potential target to investigate therapeutic interventions and age-related MSK diseases. Our new model is suitable for bone-muscle crosstalk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Maira Cristina Rondina Couto
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, Brazil
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, FOB-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Mateus Rosa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Jesus Carlos Andreo
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, FOB-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Chen P, Yang B, Wu Y, Wang J. YAP1 regulates chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 promoted by temporary TNF-α stimulation through AMPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:209-218. [PMID: 32748312 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Local injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at bone fracture sites during the early stage of the inflammatory response is reported to improve fracture repair in a murine model. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Endochondral bone formation, a process that is highly related to fracture repair, requires a certain amount of chondrocyte hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TNF-α on the differentiation of murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and the underlying mechanism. In this study, improved chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells was achieved by brief TNF-α stimulation. Moreover, the expression of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) was suppressed after brief TNF-α stimulation. The expressions of inflammatory mediators and chondrogenic and hypertrophic-associated genes in ATDC5 cells triggered by TNF-α were suppressed in the YAP1 overexpression group but enhanced in the YAP1 knockdown group. Mechanistically, TNF-α-induced activation of the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was regulated by YAP1, as revealed by the phosphorylated-AMPK/AMPK change ratios in the YAP1 overexpression and knockdown groups, respectively. Moreover, the potential for TNF-α to enhance chondrogenic differentiation could be partially reversed with an AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, we demonstrate, for the first time, that YAP1 modulates the ability of TNF-α to enhance chondrocyte differentiation partly through AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Beining Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yanru Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No. 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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85
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Anitua E, Troya M, Zalduendo M, Flores J, Tierno R, Alkhraisat MH. The influence of alveolar bone healing degree on its potential as a source of human alveolar bone-derived cells. Ann Anat 2020; 232:151578. [PMID: 32688020 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of bone tissue engineering has emerged as a novel alternative approach that comprises three essential components: osteogenic cells, osteoinductive signals and osteoconductive scaffolds. The low-speed drilling represents a useful and accessible autologous source for human alveolar bone-derived cells (hABCs). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two donor sites (healing sites (HS) and non-augmented healed sites (NAHS)) as a source of hABCs. METHODS Nineteen patients were enrolled in this study. The patients' demographic data were described. Bone type and dental implant location were also determined. The hABCs obtained were characterized. Apoptosis and sclerostin expression in the samples were also assessed with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The hABCs left earlier the tissue explants of the HS than the NAHS. The proliferation of the hABCs had reached the sub-confluence stage in both groups. Cellular efficacy was not statistically significant between the two groups. The hABCs exhibited osteogenic phenotype as they expressed bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OP) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). In both groups, the level and the distribution pattern of apoptotic cells and sclerostin expression were similar. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, both HS and NAHS were similarly effective to provide hABCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain; BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - María Troya
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain; BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mar Zalduendo
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain; BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Javier Flores
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Roberto Tierno
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain; BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain; BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
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The Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Accelerated Fracture Healing: A Study on the Effects of Growth Factors and Cytokines. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:162-168. [PMID: 32632556 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that some systemic and local factors, including cytokines and growth factors in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), can play an essential role in accelerating fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of some inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in patients with fracture and TBI as well as healthy subjects. In this study, a total number of 30 patients with a femoral fracture, 30 cases with TBI, 30 patients with TBI and a femoral fracture (fracture + TBI group), and 30 healthy subjects were recruited. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were also determined upon their admission. Then, the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, 12 h and 4 weeks after injury and hospital admission. The study results demonstrated that the serum levels of BMP-2, FGF-2, IL-1β, and PDGF in the femoral fracture + TBI group increased significantly over 12 h and after 4 weeks compared with other groups, but the serum levels of IGF-I, IL-6, and TGF-β in this group increased in a significant manner at 12 h compared with other studied groups. The findings also showed that the time to union of a femoral fracture was shorter in the fracture + TBI group than in cases with a femoral fracture alone (p = 0.03). Accordingly, it seems that elevated serum levels of BMP-2, PDGF, FGF-2, and IL-1β may be associated with healing acceleration in fracture + TBI patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm this claim.
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Uptrend of cervical and sacral fractures underlie increase in spinal fractures in the elderly, 2003-2017: analysis of a state-wide population database. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020; 29:2543-2549. [PMID: 32577864 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal injuries can be life-threatening conditions. Despite numerous epidemiological studies, reports on specific spinal regions affected are lacking. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that fractures at specific regions, such as the cervical spine (including the axis segment), have been affected to a greater degree. We also hypothesized that advanced age may be a significant contributing factor. OBJECTIVE To longitudinally analyze trend of spine fractures and specific fracture subtypes. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal trend analysis of discharged patient state database. PATIENT SAMPLE Discharged patient's data from 15 years (2003-2017) METHODS: We retrieved pertinent ICD-9 and 10 codes depicting fractures involving the entire spine and specific subtypes. To assess possible association with age, we analyzed the trend of the average age in patients discharged with and without spinal fractures as well as in specific fracture subtypes. Similar analysis was performed for other common fragility fractures. FDA device/drug status: The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s) or drug(s). RESULTS We found that within 15 years, the overall proportion of spinal fractures has increased by 64% (from 0.47 to 0.77% of all discharged patients) with the greatest increase noted in fractures of the cervical spine (123%) and specifically of the second cervical vertebra (84%). Age was found to have increased more in patients with spinal fractures than in the general discharged population. Surprisingly, other non-spinal fractures among patients above 60 remained relatively stable, demonstrating a spine-specific effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a recent increase in all spinal fractures and in the cervical and sacral regions in particular. Advanced age may be an important underlying factor.
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88
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Corrado A, Cici D, Rotondo C, Maruotti N, Cantatore FP. Molecular Basis of Bone Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103679. [PMID: 32456199 PMCID: PMC7279376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in bone mass leading to an increased fracture risk is a common feature of age-related bone changes. The mechanisms underlying bone senescence are very complex and implicate systemic and local factors and are the result of the combination of several changes occurring at the cellular, tissue and structural levels; they include alterations of bone cell differentiation and activity, oxidative stress, genetic damage and the altered responses of bone cells to various biological signals and to mechanical loading. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain greatly unclear and many data derived from in vitro or animal studies appear to be conflicting and heterogeneous, probably due to the different experimental approaches; nevertheless, understanding the main physio-pathological processes that cause bone senescence is essential for the development of new potential therapeutic options for treating age-related bone loss. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of age-related bone changes.
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89
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Cheng W, Yao M, Sun K, Li W. Progress in Photobiomodulation for Bone Fractures: A Narrative Review. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:260-271. [PMID: 32427551 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this article is to examine current concepts and the future direction of implementing photobiomodulation (PBM) for fracture treatment. Background data: The effectiveness of PBM for bone regeneration has been demonstrated throughout in vitro studies and animal models. Yet, insufficient clinical trials have been reported on treating fractures with PBM. Materials and methods: A narrative review was composed on the basis of a literary search. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies between 2000 and 2019 using animal or human fracture models. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies that did not pertain to complete fractures or used other forms of intervention. Results: Ten animal studies on rats and rabbits and four clinical trials were found on using PBM for complete fractures. Conclusions: Based on positive outcomes in animal trials, parameter optimization of PBM for human fractures still requires extensive research on factors such as dosage, wavelength, penetration depth, treatment frequency, and the use of pulsed waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weyland Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manye Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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90
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Wagner MJ, Khan M, Mohsin S. Healing the Broken Heart; The Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:639. [PMID: 32328072 PMCID: PMC7160320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality within the United States. Current treatments being administered to patients who suffered a myocardial infarction (MI) have increased patient survival, but do not facilitate the replacement of damaged myocardium. Recent studies demonstrate that stem cell-based therapies promote myocardial repair; however, the poor engraftment of the transferred stem cell populations within the infarcted myocardium is a major limitation, regardless of the cell type. One explanation for poor cell retention is attributed to the harsh inflammatory response mounted following MI. The inflammatory response coupled to cardiac repair processes is divided into two distinct phases. The first phase is initiated during ischemic injury when necrosed myocardium releases Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and chemokines/cytokines to induce the activation and recruitment of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (MΦs); in turn, facilitating necrotic tissue clearance. During the second phase, a shift from the M1 inflammatory functional phenotype to the M2 anti-inflammatory and pro-reparative functional phenotype, permits the resolution of inflammation and the establishment of tissue repair. T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are also influential in mediating the establishment of the pro-reparative phase by directly regulating M1 to M2 MΦ differentiation. Current studies suggest CD4+ T-lymphocyte populations become activated when presented with autoantigens released from the injured myocardium. The identity of the cardiac autoantigens or paracrine signaling molecules released from the ischemic tissue that directly mediate the phenotypic plasticity of T-lymphocyte populations in the post-MI heart are just beginning to be elucidated. Stem cells are enriched centers that contain a diverse paracrine secretome that can directly regulate responses within neighboring cell populations. Previous studies identify that stem cell mediated paracrine signaling can influence the phenotype and function of immune cell populations in vitro, but how stem cells directly mediate the inflammatory microenvironment of the ischemic heart is poorly characterized and is a topic of extensive investigation. In this review, we summarize the complex literature that details the inflammatory microenvironment of the ischemic heart and provide novel insights regarding how paracrine mediated signaling produced by stem cell-based therapies can regulate immune cell subsets to facilitate pro-reparative myocardial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Wagner
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Li J, Xu T, Hou W, Liu F, Qing W, Huang L, Ma G, Mu Y, Weng J. The response of host blood vessels to graded distribution of macro-pores size in the process of ectopic osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110641. [PMID: 32228974 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is of great importance to bone regeneration, but it remains a significant challenge to induce sufficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis within bone grafts for large bone defect healing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold via a novel graded pore distribution approach on vascularization and osteoinduction. Two types of graded porous scaffolds were fabricated by sugar templates-leaching techniques: (1) one with large pores of 1100-1250 μm in the center and small pores of 500-650 μm at the periphery (HALS); (2) the other with small pores of 500-650 μm in the center and large pores of 1100-1250 μm at the periphery (HASL). In vivo data showed different pore size distribution had a remarkable impact on blood vessel formation during bone formation, which led to distinct localization of new bone within the defects. After one month of implantation, the diameters of the blood vessels infiltrated on the periphery of HASL were substantially larger than those in the center though the host blood vessels were successful in infiltrating throughout the whole scaffold. In contrast, vascularization within HALS appeared to be poor with very few blood vessels formed in the center, indicating heterogeneous vascularization in the scaffolds. After 3 months of implantation, we found that HASL induced more homogeneous bone formation in the whole bone graft but new bone was only found at the periphery of HALS. This study suggests that the pores size distribution in graded scaffolds cannot only affected early stage vascularization, but also influence late stage bone formation and remodeling. The architecture of larger pores at the periphery of graded scaffold may be capable of enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis during large size bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China; WuXi AppTec (Chengdu) Co. Ltd., Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Wenqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Guangyuan First People's Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Wei Qing
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Gang Ma
- Guangyuan First People's Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Yandong Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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92
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Castro CM, Corciulo C, Solesio ME, Liang F, Pavlov EV, Cronstein BN. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation enhances mitochondrial metabolism and mitigates reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:5027-5045. [PMID: 32052890 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902459r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In OA chondrocytes, there is diminished mitochondrial production of ATP and diminished extracellular adenosine resulting in diminished adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation and altered chondrocyte homeostasis which contributes to the pathogenesis of OA. We tested the hypothesis that A2AR stimulation maintains or enhances mitochondrial function in chondrocytes. The effect of A2AR signaling on mitochondrial health and function was determined in primary murine chondrocytes, a human chondrocytic cell line (T/C-28a2), primary human chondrocytes, and a murine model of OA by transmission electron microscopy analysis, mitochondrial stress testing, confocal live imaging for mitochondrial inner membrane polarity, and immunohistochemistry. In primary murine chondrocytes from A2AR-/- null mice, which develop spontaneous OA by 16 weeks, there is mitochondrial swelling, dysfunction, and reduced mitochondrial content with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden and diminished mitophagy, as compared to chondrocytes from WT animals. IL-1-stimulated T/C-28a2 cells treated with an A2AR agonist had reduced ROS burden with increased mitochondrial dynamic stability and function, findings which were recapitulated in primary human chondrocytes. In an obesity-induced OA mouse model, there was a marked increase in mitochondrial oxidized material which was markedly improved after intraarticular injections of liposomal A2AR agonist. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that A2AR ligation is mitoprotective in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Castro
- Immunology and Inflammation Training Program at Skirball Institute of Graduate Biomolecular Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fengxia Liang
- NYU Langone Health DART Microscopy Laboratory, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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93
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Jämsen E, Pajarinen J, Lin TH, Lo CW, Nabeshima A, Lu L, Nathan K, Eklund KK, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Effect of Aging on the Macrophage Response to Titanium Particles. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:405-416. [PMID: 31498470 PMCID: PMC6980287 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammatory reaction to implant wear particles drives bone loss around total joint replacements (TJR). Although most TJR recipients are elderly, studies linking wear particle-activated macrophages and peri-implant osteolysis have not taken into account the multiple effects that aging has on the innate immune system and, in particular, on macrophages. To address this, we compared the wear particle responses of bone marrow macrophages obtained from young (2-month) and aged (18-month) mice. Macrophages were polarized to M0, M1, or M2 phenotypes in vitro, challenged with titanium particles, and their inflammatory response was characterized at multiple time points by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, age-dependent changes in activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB were analyzed by a lentiviral vector-based luciferase reporter system. The particle stimulation experiment was further repeated using human primary macrophages isolated from blood donors of different ages. We found that the pro-inflammatory responses were generally higher in macrophages obtained from young mice, but differences between the age groups remained small and of uncertain biological significance. Noteworthily, M2 polarization effectively suppressed the particle-induced inflammation in both young and aged macrophages. These results suggest that aging of the innate immune system per se plays no significant role in the response of macrophages to titanium particles, whereas induction of M2 polarization appears a promising strategy to limit macrophage-mediated inflammation regardless of age. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:405-416, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eemeli Jämsen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki,ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Orton Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki,ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Orton Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tzu-hua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Wen Lo
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lu
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Nathan
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari K. Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki,ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Orton Foundation, Helsinki, Finland,University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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94
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Wang W, Yuan C, Geng T, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Wang P. EphrinB2 overexpression enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells partially through ephrinB2-mediated reverse signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:40. [PMID: 31996240 PMCID: PMC6990579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar bone loss is a frequent occurrence. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which have invasive accessibility and high osteogenic potential is a promising source for cell-based bone regeneration. EphrinB2 is involved in bone homeostasis and osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of ephrinB2 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and bone defect repair. Methods EphrinB2 expression was analyzed during osteogenic induction of human DPSCs (hDPSCs). Endogenous ephrinB2 expression in hDPSCs was then upregulated using EfnB2 lentiviral vectors. The effect of ephrinB2 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation capacity of hDPSCs was investigated in vitro, and activation of ephrinB2-EphB4 bidirectional signaling in ephrinB2-overexpressing hDPSCs was detected. In vivo, a canine alveolar bone defect model was established and canine DPSCs (cDPSCs) were cultured, characterized, EfnB2-tranfected, and combined with a PuraMatrix scaffold. Micro-CT analysis was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ephrinB2-overexpressing cDPSCs on bone defect repair. Results EphrinB2 was upregulated after osteogenic induction of hDPSCs. EphrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity of hDPSCs in vitro. Moreover, p-ephrinB2 instead of p-EphB4 was upregulated by ephrinB2 overexpression, and activation of ephrinB2-mediated reverse signaling promoted osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In a canine bone defect model, ephrinB2 overexpression in cDPSCs significantly improved trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness, as demonstrated by radiographic analysis. Conclusions EphrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic potential of DPSCs partially via upregulation of ephrinB2-mediated reverse signaling and effectively promoted alveolar bone defect repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1540-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengyu Geng
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoyue Zhu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zongxiang Liu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Penglai Wang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
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95
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Al-Waeli H, Nicolau B, Stone L, Abu Nada L, Gao Q, Abdallah MN, Abdulkader E, Suzuki M, Mansour A, Al Subaie A, Tamimi F. Chronotherapy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs May Enhance Postoperative Recovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:468. [PMID: 31949183 PMCID: PMC6965200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain relief is crucial for full recovery. With the ongoing opioid epidemic and the insufficient effect of acetaminophen on severe pain; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are heavily used to alleviate this pain. However, NSAIDs are known to inhibit postoperative healing of connective tissues by inhibiting prostaglandin signaling. Pain intensity, inflammatory mediators associated with wound healing and the pharmacological action of NSAIDs vary throughout the day due to the circadian rhythm regulated by the clock genes. According to this rhythm, most of wound healing mediators and connective tissue formation occurs during the resting phase, while pain, inflammation and tissue resorption occur during the active period of the day. Here we show, in a murine tibia fracture surgical model, that NSAIDs are most effective in managing postoperative pain, healing and recovery when drug administration is limited to the active phase of the circadian rhythm. Limiting NSAID treatment to the active phase of the circadian rhythm resulted in overexpression of circadian clock genes, such as Period 2 (Per2) at the healing callus, and increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and vascular endothelial growth factor. By contrast, NSAID administration during the resting phase resulted in severe bone healing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Waeli
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - B Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - L Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - L Abu Nada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Q Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - M N Abdallah
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G, Canada
| | - E Abdulkader
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - M Suzuki
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - A Mansour
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - A Al Subaie
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - F Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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96
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Zhou L, Yau A, Yu H, Kuhn L, Guo W, Chen Y. Self-assembled biomimetic Nano-Matrix for stem cell anchorage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:984-991. [PMID: 31904174 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely applied in biomedicine due to their ability to differentiate into many different cell types and their ability to synthesize a broad spectrum of growth factors and cytokines that directly and indirectly influence other cells in their vicinity. To guide MSC infiltration to a bone fracture site, we developed a novel self-assembled Nano-Matrix which can be used as an injectable scaffold to repair bone fractures. The Nano-Matrix is formed by Janus base nanotubes (JBNTs) and fibronectin (FN). JBNTs are nucleobase-derived nanotubes mimicking collagen fibers, and FN is one of the cell adhesive glycoproteins which is responsible for cell-extracellular matrix interactions and guides stem cell migration and differentiation to desired cells types. Here, we demonstrated the successful fabrication and characterization of the JBNT/FN Nano-Matrix as well as its excellent bioactivity that encouraged human MSC migration and adhesion. This work lays a solid foundation for using the Nano-Matrix as an injectable approach to improve MSC retention and function during bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Anne Yau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Hongchuan Yu
- Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Liisa Kuhn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Wei Guo
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.,Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
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97
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Rostami Z, Khorashadizadeh M, Naseri M. Immunoregulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells: Micro-RNAs. Immunol Lett 2020; 219:34-45. [PMID: 31917251 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are excellent candidates for different cellular therapies due to their physiological properties such as immunoregulatory function. whetheare currently utilized for regenerative medication and treatment of a number of inflammatory illnesses given their ability to considerably impact tissue microenvironments via extracellular vesicles or toll-like receptor pathway modulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that target the messenger RNA and play a critical role in different biological procedures, such as the development and reaction of the immune system. Moreover, miRNAs have recently been revealed to have serious functions in MSCs to regulate immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we study how the miRNAs pathway can modulate the immunoregulatory activity of MSCs by counting their interactions with immune cells and also discuss the possibility of using miRNA-based implications for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khorashadizadeh
- Medical Biotechnology (PhD), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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98
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Characterization and immunogenicity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells under osteoporotic conditions. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 63:429-442. [PMID: 31879847 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their multilineage potential and low immunogenicity. However, the properties of MSCs under pathological conditions are unclear. The current study investigated the differentiation potential and immunological characteristics of bone marrow-derived MSCs from ovariectomized-osteoporotic rats (OP-BMSCs). Although the expression of cell morphology- and stemness-related surface markers was similar between OP-BMSCs and BMSCs from healthy rats (H-BMSCs), the proliferation rate was significantly decreased compared with that of H-BMSCs. Regarding multilineage potential, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis abilities of OP-BMSCs decreased, but the adipogenesis ability was significantly enhanced compared with that of H-BMSCs. As expected, decreased osteogenesis following osteogenic induction resulted in reduced expression of β-catenin, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2 in OP-BMSCs. Remarkably, the expression of the co-stimulatory proteins CD40 and CD80 was significantly higher, whereas the expression of the negative co-stimulatory molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 was significantly lower in the OP-BMSCs than that in H-BMSCs. Consequently, H-BMSCs inhibited the proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines from anti-CD3 antibody-activated T cells, whereas OP-BMSCs did not. These results indicate that decreased osteogenesis and increased immunogenicity of OP-BMSCs contribute to bone loss in osteoporosis.
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99
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Rohde M, Ziebart J, Kirschstein T, Sellmann T, Porath K, Kühl F, Delenda B, Bahls C, van Rienen U, Bader R, Köhling R. Human Osteoblast Migration in DC Electrical Fields Depends on Store Operated Ca 2+-Release and Is Correlated to Upregulation of Stretch-Activated TRPM7 Channels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:422. [PMID: 31921825 PMCID: PMC6920109 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing and bone regeneration, particularly in the elderly, remains a challenge. There is an ongoing search for methods to activate osteoblasts, and the application of electrical fields is an attractive approach in this context. Although it is known that such electromagnetic fields lead to osteoblast migration and foster mesenchymal osteogenic differentiation, so far the mechanisms of osteoblast activation remain unclear. Possible mechanisms could rely on changes in Ca2+-influx via ion channels, as these are known to modulate osteoblast activity, e.g., via voltage-sensitive, stretch-sensitive, transient-receptor-potential (TRP) channels, or store-operated release. In the present in vitro study, we explored whether electrical fields are able to modulate the expression of voltage-sensitive calcium channels as well as TRP channels in primary human osteoblast cell lines. We show migration speed is significantly increased in stimulated osteoblasts (6.4 ± 2.1 μm/h stimulated, 3.6 ± 1.1 μm/h control), and directed toward the anode. However, within a range of 154–445 V/m, field strength did not correlate with migration velocity. Neither was there a correlation between electric field and voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav3.2 and Cav1.4) expression. However, the expression of TRPM7 significantly correlated positively to electric field strength. TRPM7 channel blockade using NS8593, in turn, did not significantly alter migration speed, nor did blockade of Cav3.2 and Cav1.4 channels using Ni+ or verapamil, respectively, while a general Ca2+-influx block using Mg2+ accelerated migration. Stimulating store-operated Ca2+-release significantly reduced migration speed, while blocking IP3 had only a minor effect (at low and high concentrations of 2-APB, respectively). We conclude that (i) store operated channels negatively modulate migration speed and that (ii) the upregulation of TRPM7 might constitute a compensatory mechanism-which might explain how increasing expression levels at increasing field strengths result in constant migration speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rohde
- Rostock University Medical Center, Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josefin Ziebart
- Biomechanics and Implant Research Lab, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Rostock University Medical Center, Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tina Sellmann
- Rostock University Medical Center, Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Rostock University Medical Center, Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Friederike Kühl
- Rostock University Medical Center, Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bachir Delenda
- Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Bahls
- Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Research Lab, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Rostock University Medical Center, Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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100
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Miranda LL, Guimarães-Lopes VDP, Altoé LS, Sarandy MM, Melo FCSA, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV. Plant Extracts in the Bone Repair Process: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1296153. [PMID: 31885494 PMCID: PMC6899290 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1296153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone lesions are an important public health problem, with high socioeconomic costs. Bone tissue repair is coordinated by an inflammatory dynamic process mediated by osteoprogenitor cells of the periosteum and endosteum, responsible for the formation of a new bone matrix. Studies using antioxidant products from plants for bone lesion treatment have been growing worldwide. We developed a systematic review to compile the results of works with animal models investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts in the treatment of bone lesions and analyze the methodological quality of the studies on this subject. Studies were selected in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: animal model, bone repair, and plant extracts. 31 full-text articles were recovered from 10 countries. Phytochemical prospecting was reported in 15 studies (48.39%). The most common secondary metabolites were flavonoids, cited in 32.26% studies (n = 10). Essential criteria to in vivo animal studies were frequently underreported, suggesting publication bias. The animals treated with plant extracts presented positive results in the osteoblastic proliferation, and consequently, this treatment accelerated osteogenic differentiation and bone callus formation, as well as bone fracture repair. Possibly, these results are associated with antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory power of the extracts. The absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impairs the internal validity of the evidence, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness and safety of plant-derived products in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia Lopes Miranda
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Schulthais Altoé
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
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