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Semita IN, Utomo DN, Suroto H, Sudiana IK, Gandi P. The mechanism of human neural stem cell secretomes improves neuropathic pain and locomotor function in spinal cord injury rat models: through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities. Korean J Pain 2023; 36:72-83. [PMID: 36549874 PMCID: PMC9812698 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a big burden, including 90% suffering permanent disability, and 60%-69% experiencing neuropathic pain. The main causes are oxidative stress, inflammation, and degeneration. The efficacy of the stem cell secretome is promising, but the role of human neural stem cell (HNSC)-secretome in neuropathic pain is unclear. This study evaluated how the mechanism of HNSC-secretome improves neuropathic pain and locomotor function in SCI rat models through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities. Methods A proper experimental study investigated 15 Rattus norvegicus divided into normal, control, and treatment groups (30 μL HNSC-secretome, intrathecal in the level of T10, three days post-traumatic SCI). Twenty-eight days post-injury, specimens were collected, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, F2-Isoprostanes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed. Locomotor recovery was evaluated via Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores. Neuropathic pain was evaluated using the Rat Grimace Scale. Results The HNSC-secretome could improve locomotor recovery and neuropathic pain, decrease F2-Isoprostane (antioxidant), decrease MMP-9 and TNF-α (anti-inflammatory), as well as modulate TGF-β and BDNF (neurotrophic factor). Moreover, HNSC-secretomes maintain the extracellular matrix of SCI by reducing the matrix degradation effect of MMP-9 and increasing the collagen formation effect of TGF-β as a resistor of glial scar formation. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the mechanism of HNSC-secretome in improving neuropathic pain and locomotor function in SCI through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nyoman Semita
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Dwikora Novembri Utomo
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,Correspondence: Dwikora Novembri Utomo Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Jl. Manyar Tirtosari IV/7, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Tel: +628123036236, Fax: +62315020406, E-mail:
| | - Heri Suroto
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Ketut Sudiana
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Parama Gandi
- Departement of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Szymoniuk M, Litak J, Sakwa L, Dryla A, Zezuliński W, Czyżewski W, Kamieniak P, Blicharski T. Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Application of Multipotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 12:120. [PMID: 36611914 PMCID: PMC9818156 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a common neurological disorder with devastating psychical and psychosocial sequelae. The majority of patients after SCI suffer from permanent disability caused by motor dysfunction, impaired sensation, neuropathic pain, spasticity as well as urinary complications, and a small number of patients experience a complete recovery. Current standard treatment modalities of the SCI aim to prevent secondary injury and provide limited recovery of lost neurological functions. Stem Cell Therapy (SCT) represents an emerging treatment approach using the differentiation, paracrine, and self-renewal capabilities of stem cells to regenerate the injured spinal cord. To date, multipotent stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent the most investigated types of stem cells for the treatment of SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. The microenvironment of SCI has a significant impact on the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Therefore, a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of SCI and molecular mechanisms through which stem cells act may help improve the treatment efficacy of SCT and find new therapeutic approaches such as stem-cell-derived exosomes, gene-modified stem cells, scaffolds, and nanomaterials. In this literature review, the pathogenesis of SCI and molecular mechanisms of action of multipotent stem cells including MSCs, NSCs, and HSCs are comprehensively described. Moreover, the clinical efficacy of multipotent stem cells in SCI treatment, an optimal protocol of stem cell administration, and recent therapeutic approaches based on or combined with SCT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dryla
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zezuliński
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Wu Y, Tang Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu S. Restoration of spinal cord injury: From endogenous repairing process to cellular therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1077441. [PMID: 36523818 PMCID: PMC9744968 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1077441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts neurological pathways and impacts sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve function. There is no effective treatment for SCI currently. Numerous endogenous cells, including astrocytes, macrophages/microglia, and oligodendrocyte, are involved in the histological healing process following SCI. By interfering with cells during the SCI repair process, some advancements in the therapy of SCI have been realized. Nevertheless, the endogenous cell types engaged in SCI repair and the current difficulties these cells confront in the therapy of SCI are poorly defined, and the mechanisms underlying them are little understood. In order to better understand SCI and create new therapeutic strategies and enhance the clinical translation of SCI repair, we have comprehensively listed the endogenous cells involved in SCI repair and summarized the six most common mechanisms involved in SCI repair, including limiting the inflammatory response, protecting the spared spinal cord, enhancing myelination, facilitating neovascularization, producing neurotrophic factors, and differentiating into neural/colloidal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Naeimi A, Zaminy A, Amini N, Balabandi R, Golipoor Z. Effects of melatonin-pretreated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an animal model of spinal cord injury. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:65. [PMCID: PMC9667651 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most serious nervous system diseases is spinal cord injury(SCI), which is increasing for various reasons. Although no definitive treatment has yet been identified for SCI, one possible treatment is adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs). However, a key issue in transplantation is improving cells’ survival and function in the target tissue. Melatonin(MT) hormone with antioxidant properties can prolong cell survival and improve cell function. This study investigates the pre-conditioning of ADSCs with melatonin for enhancing the engraftment and neurological function of rats undergoing SCI. Methods 42 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups, including Control, Sham, Model, Vehicle, and Lesion treatments A and B. After acquiring white adipose tissue, stem cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. SCI was then applied in Model, Vehicle, A, and B groups. Group A and B received ADSCs and ADSCs + melatonin, respectively, 1 week after SCI, but the vehicle received only an intravenous injection for simulation; The other groups were recruited for the behavioral test. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to assess the engraftment and differentiation of ADSCs in the SCI site. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan's score was used to evaluate motor function between the six groups. Results Histological studies and cell count confirmed ADSCs implantation at the injury site, which was higher in the MT-ADSCs (P < 0.001). IHC revealed the differentiation of ADSCs and MT-ADSCs into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells, which were higher in MT-ADSCs. Functional improvement was observed in SCI + ADSCs and SCI + MT-ADSCs groups. Conclusion The pre-conditioning of ADSCs with melatonin positively affects engraftment and neuronal differentiation in SCI but does not impact performance improvement compared to the ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Naeimi
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zaminy
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Naser Amini
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziye Balabandi
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zoleikha Golipoor
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Bai X, Qi Z, Zhu M, Lu Z, Zhao X, Zhang L, Song G. The effect of lncRNA MIR155HG-modified MSCs and exosome delivery to synergistically attenuate vein graft intimal hyperplasia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:512. [PMID: 36333764 PMCID: PMC9636746 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to repair tissue injury. However, the treatment effect was not satisfactory. We investigated whether lncRNA MIR155HG could promote survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress, which mimics in vivo environments. Furthermore, we studied the protective effect of exosomes secreted by MSCs transfected with MIR155HG on endothelial cells. This study aimed to determine whether exploiting MSCs and exosomes modified with lncRNA MIR155HG would exert synergistic therapeutic effect to attenuate vein graft intimal hyperplasia more effectively. Methods Lentivirus containing lncRNA MIR155HG overexpressing vector was packaged and used to infect MSCs. Then, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and Elisa assay were used to assess the functional changes of MSCs with overexpressed MIR155HG (OE-MSCs). Furthermore, the associated pathways were screened by Western blot. MIR155HG-MSCs-derived exosomes (OE-exo) were collected and co-cultured with human umbilicus vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). We validated the protective effect of OE-exo on HUVEC. In vivo, both MSCs and exosomes modified with MIR155HG were injected into a vein graft rat model via tail vein. We observed MSCs homing and intimal hyperplasia of vein graft using a fluorescent microscope and histological stain. Results Our study found that lncRNA MIR155HG promoted proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis of MSCs. NF-κB pathway took part in the regulation process induced by MIR155HG. OE-exo could enhance the activity and healing ability of HUVEC and reduce apoptosis. In vivo, OE-MSCs had a higher rate of homing to vascular endothelium. The combined treatment with OE-MSCs and OE-exo protected vascular endothelial integrity, reduced inflammatory cell proliferation, and significantly attenuated intimal hyperplasia of vein graft. Conclusion LncRNA MIR155HG could promote the survival and activity of MSCs, and reduce the apoptosis of HUVECs using exosome delivery. Exploiting MSCs and exosomes modified with MIR155HG could attenuate vein graft intimal hyperplasia more effectively and maximize the surgical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bai
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Thoracoscopy Institute of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zaiwen Qi
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Lu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Lining Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Guangmin Song
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
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Sharifi A, Zandieh A, Behroozi Z, Hamblin MR, Mayahi S, Yousefifard M, Ramezani F. Sustained delivery of chABC improves functional recovery after a spine injury. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:60. [PMID: 36307768 PMCID: PMC9615228 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondroitinase ABC (chABC) is an enzyme could improve regeneration and thereby improving functional recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodent models. Degradation of the active enzyme and diffusion away from the lesion are the causes of using hydrogels as a scaffold to deliver the chABC into the lesion site. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the effects of chABC embedded in a scaffold or hydrogel on the functional recovery after SCI. METHOD Databases were searched based on keywords related to chABC and spinal cord injury (SCI). Primary and secondary screening was performed to narrow down study objectives and inclusion criteria, and finally the data were included in the meta-analysis. The standard mean difference of the score of the functional recovery that measured by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) test after SCI was used to analyze the results of the reported studies. Subgroup analysis was performed based on SCI model, severity of SCI, transplantation type, and the follow-up time. Quality control of articles was also specified. RESULTS The results showed that embedding chABC within the scaffold increased significantly the efficiency of functional recovery after SCI in animal models (SMD = 1.95; 95% CI 0.71-3.2; p = 0.002) in 9 studies. SCI model, severity of SCI, injury location, transplantation type, and the follow-up time did not affect the overall results and in all cases scaffold effect could not be ignored. However, due to the small number of studies, this result is not conclusive and more studies are needed. CONCLUSION The results could pave the way for the use of chABC embedded in the scaffold for the treatment of SCI and show that this method of administration is superior to chABC injection alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Sharifi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zandieh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behroozi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Sara Mayahi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen J, Wang L, Liu M, Gao G, Zhao W, Fu Q, Wang Y. Implantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets promotes axonal regeneration and restores bladder function after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:503. [PMID: 36224621 PMCID: PMC9558366 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapy using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for neurogenic bladder (NB) associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, therapeutic efficacy is low because of inefficient cell delivery. Cell sheets improve the efficacy of cell transplantation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of transplanting ADSC sheets into an SCI rat model and focused on the function and pathological changes of the bladder. METHODS ADSC sheets were prepared from adipose tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using temperature-responsive cell culture dishes. Adult female SD rats were subjected to SCI by transection at the T10 level and administered ADSC sheets or gelatin sponge (the control group). Four and 8 weeks later, in vivo cystometrograms were obtained for voiding function assessment. Rats were sacrificed and the expression of various markers was analyzed in spinal and bladder tissues. RESULTS The number of β-tubulin III-positive axons in the ADSC sheet transplantation group was higher than that in the control group. Conversely, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ADSC sheet transplantation group was lower than that in the control group. Cystometry showed impairment of the voiding function after SCI, which was improved after ADSC sheet transplantation with increased high-frequency oscillation activity. Furthermore, ADSC sheet transplantation prevented disruption of the bladder urothelium in SCI rats, thereby maintaining the intact barrier. Compared with fibrosis of the bladder wall in the control group, the ADSC sheet transplantation group had normal morphology of the bladder wall and reduced tissue fibrosis as shown by downregulation of type 1 collagen. ADSC sheet transplantation also resulted in strong upregulation of contractile smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers (α-smooth muscle actin and smoothelin) and downregulation of synthetic SMC markers (MYH10 and RBP1). CONCLUSION ADSC sheet transplantation significantly improved voiding function recovery in rats after SCI. ADSC sheet transplantation is a promising cell delivery and treatment option for NB related to SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Gao
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Yang Z, Rao J, Liang Z, Xu X, Lin F, Lin Y, Wang C, Chen C. Efficacy of miRNA-modified mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury: A systematic review of the literature and network meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:989295. [PMID: 36278023 PMCID: PMC9581233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.989295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough some previous studies have indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from miRNA-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be more effective as compared with control EVs in the treatment of rats with spinal cord injuries (SCI), the efficacy of this treatment modality remains controversial.ObjectivesThe current study comprehensively evaluated the efficacy of different administered doses of EVs, including miRNA-overexpressing MSCs-derived EVs, among SCI rats. The efficacy of EVs' treatment was evaluated in different SCI models to provide evidence for preclinical trials.MethodsWe extensively searched the following databases to identify relevant studies: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (from inception to July 20, 2022). Two trained investigators independently screened literature, extracted the data, and evaluated literature quality.ResultsThirteen studies were included in this network meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that miRNA-overexpressing MSCs-derived EVs (100 and 200 μg of total protein of EVs) significantly improved hind limb motor function in rats at early stages of SCI (i.e., at 3 days after injury) as compared with EVs (100 and 200 μg of total protein of EVs, respectively). However, in the middle and late stages (14 and 28 days), there were no statistically significant differences between EVs with 200 μg dosages and miRNA-loaded EVs with 100 μg dosages. In the late stages (28 days), there were no statistically significant differences between EVs with 100 μg dosages and miRNA-loaded EVs with 200 μg dosages. We found that miRNA-overexpressing MSCs-derived EVs significantly improved motor function among early-stage SCI rats in a compression and contusion model (3 days) as compared with MSCs-derived EVs and miRNA-overexpressing MSCs-derived EVs likewise significantly improved motor function among SCI rats in a contusion model at middle and late stages (14 and 28 days).ConclusionOur results suggest that miRNA-overexpressing MSCs-derived EVs (200 μg of total protein of EVs) may be the best choice for the effective treatment of SCI, and miRNA-overexpressing MSCs-derived EVs may likewise be the best choice for treating contusions. However, there are some risks of bias in our included studies, and the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of EVs remain unclear.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=282051, identifier: CRD42021282051.
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Taylor MJ, Thompson AM, Alhajlah S, Tuxworth RI, Ahmed Z. Inhibition of Chk2 promotes neuroprotection, axon regeneration, and functional recovery after CNS injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2611. [PMID: 36103534 PMCID: PMC9473583 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks occur in many acute and long-term neurological conditions, including neurodegeneration, neurotrauma, and stroke. Nonrepaired breaks chronically activate the DNA damage response in neurons, leading to neural dysfunction and apoptosis. Here, we show that targeting of the central ATM-Chk2 pathway regulating the response to double-strand breaks slows neural decline in Drosophila models of chronic neurodegeneration. Inhibitors of ATM-Chk2, but not the parallel ATR-Chk1 pathway, also promote marked, functional recovery after acute central nervous system injury in rats, suggesting that inhibiting nonhomologous end-joining rather than homologous recombination is crucial for neuroprotection. We demonstrate that the Chk2 inhibitor, prexasertib, which has been evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials for cancer, has potent neuroprotective effects and represents a new treatment option to promote functional recovery after spinal cord or optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adam M. Thompson
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Applied Medical Science College, Shaqra University, Addawadmi, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard I. Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Shang Z, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang X, Wanyan P. Clinical translation of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury still premature: results from a single-arm meta-analysis based on 62 clinical trials. BMC Med 2022; 20:284. [PMID: 36058903 PMCID: PMC9442938 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How much scientific evidence is there to show that stem cell therapy is sufficient in preclinical and clinical studies of spinal cord injury before it is translated into clinical practice? This is a complicated problem. A single, small-sample clinical trial is difficult to answer, and accurate insights into this question can only be given by systematically evaluating all the existing evidence. METHODS The PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to February 10, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the literature search, identified and screened the studies, and performed a quality assessment and data extraction. RESULTS In total, 62 studies involving 2439 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 42 were single-arm studies, and 20 were controlled studies. The meta-analysis showed that stem cells improved the ASIA impairment scale score by at least one grade in 48.9% [40.8%, 56.9%] of patients with spinal cord injury. Moreover, the rate of improvement in urinary and gastrointestinal system function was 42.1% [27.6%, 57.2%] and 52.0% [23.6%, 79.8%], respectively. However, 28 types of adverse effects were observed to occur due to stem cells and transplantation procedures. Of these, neuropathic pain, abnormal feeling, muscle spasms, vomiting, and urinary tract infection were the most common, with an incidence of > 20%. While no serious adverse effects such as tumorigenesis were reported, this could be due to the insufficient follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results demonstrated that although the efficacy of stem cell therapy is encouraging, the subsequent adverse effects remain concerning. In addition, the clinical trials had problems such as small sample sizes, poor design, and lack of prospective registration, control, and blinding. Therefore, the current evidence is not sufficiently strong to support the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and several problems remain. Additional well-designed animal experiments and high-quality clinical studies are warranted to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Autologous Stem Cells Transplants in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joints Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172709. [PMID: 36078117 PMCID: PMC9454527 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to analyze the outcomes of the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular pain (AP) and restricted maximum mouth opening (MMO) with intra-articular administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The inclusion criteria allowed primary studies involving AP and/or MMO pre-treatment and post-intervention values. Medical databases that were covered by ACM Digital, BASE, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science engines were searched. The risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The results were tabulated, plotted, and analyzed for regression. A total of 5 studies involving 51 patients/69 TMJs were identified, and 4 studies on 50 patients/67 TMJs were synthesized. Interventions were each time effective in decreasing AP and increasing MMO in a 6-month follow-up period by an average of about 85% and over 40%, respectively. Regression analysis showed a good fit of the logarithmic model for AP relief (5.8 − 0.8 ln x; R2 = 0.90) and MMO increase (33.5 + 2.4 ln x; R2 = 0.89). The results for AP and MMO were based on 3 studies in 39 patients and 4 studies in 50 patients, respectively, all at high risk of bias. The intra-articular administration of MSCs to TMJs, based on weak evidence, may be highly effective in reducing AP and improving MMO. This study received no funding.
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Xu C, Qiao S, Liu T, Qi K, Tong D, Li C. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome Attenuates Inflammasome-Related Pyroptosis via Delivering circ_003564 to Improve the Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6771-6789. [PMID: 36038697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is previously reported to present a certain effect on treating spinal cord injury (SCI), while the underlying mechanism is largely uncovered. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the involvement of exosome-delivered circRNA profile in the BMSC's effect on pyroptosis for SCI treatment. H2O2 treated rat primary neurons were cultured with normal medium, BMSC, BMSC plus GW4869, and BMSC-derived exosome, respectively, then inflammasome-related pyroptosis markers, and circRNA profiles were detected. Subsequently, circ_003564-knockdown BMSC exosome was transfected into H2O2 treated rat primary neurons and NGF-stimulated PC-12 cells. Furthermore, in vivo validation was conducted. BMSC and BMSC-derived exosome both decreased inflammasome-related pyroptosis markers including cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in H2O2-treated neurons, while exosome-free BMSC (BMSC plus GW4869) did not obviously reduce these factors. Microarray assay revealed that BMSC (vs. exosome-free BMSC) and BMSC-derived exosome (vs. normal medium) greatly regulated circRNA profiles, which were enriched in neuroinflammation pathways (such as neurotrophin, apoptosis, and TNF). Among three functional candidate circRNAs (circ_015525, circ_008876, and circ_003564), circ_003564 was most effective to regulate inflammasome-related pyroptosis. Interestingly, circ_003564-knockdown BMSC exosome showed higher expression of inflammasome-related pyroptosis markers compared to negative-control-knockdown BMSC exosome in H2O2 treated primary neurons/NGF-stimulated PC-12 cells. In vivo, BMSC exosome improved the function recovery and decreased tissue injury and inflammasome-related pyroptosis in SCI rats, whose effect was attenuated by circ_003564 knockdown transfection. BMSC exosome attenuates inflammasome-related pyroptosis via delivering circ_003564, contributing to its treatment efficacy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changli Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Suchi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ke Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dake Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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The Role of Gap Junctions in the Generation of Smooth Muscle Cells from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1491327. [PMID: 35990247 PMCID: PMC9391152 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1491327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Studies have shown that stem cell transplantation can improve smooth muscle cell (SMC) regeneration and remodelling. Gap junctions can enhance the cytoprotective effects of neighbouring cells. We investigated the effect of gap junctions on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into SMCs. Materials and Methods. Rat BMSCs and SMCs were obtained from the bone marrow and bladder of Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation were performed to assess the characteristics of these cells. BMSCs and SMCs were incubated together in cocultures in the presence and absence of heptanol, an uncoupler of gap junctions. Cocultures were divided into three groups consisting of a contact coculture, noncontact coculture, and contact coculture plus heptanol groups. The expression of BMSC-specific markers and the effect of gap junctions on the differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated by performing real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence analysis, and western blotting after cocultures. Results. CD90 and CD44 were markedly expressed, and CD31 and CD45 were weakly or not expressed in BMSCs. The cells also showed good osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability. Compared with the noncontact coculture group, the SMC markers such as α-SMA, calponin, and connexin43 increased in the contact coculture group. The effect of contact in the coculture group was significantly weakened by heptanol. Conclusions. The results suggested that gap junctions play an important role in the generation of SMCs from BMSCs. The formation of SMCs can potentially be used to repair the sphincter muscle of patients with stress urinary incontinence.
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Hoang DM, Pham PT, Bach TQ, Ngo ATL, Nguyen QT, Phan TTK, Nguyen GH, Le PTT, Hoang VT, Forsyth NR, Heke M, Nguyen LT. Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:272. [PMID: 35933430 PMCID: PMC9357075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has recently emerged as a key player in regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined as self-renewable cell types conferring the ability to differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of the human body, including three germ layers. MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells possessing self-renewal ability (limited in vitro) and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages, according to the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), or the umbilical cord (UC) for the treatment of human diseases, including neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related diseases, reproductive disorders, skin burns, and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own clinical trial experiences on targeted therapies using MSCs in a clinical setting, and we propose and discuss the MSC tissue origin concept and how MSC origin may contribute to the role of MSCs in downstream applications, with the ultimate objective of facilitating translational research in regenerative medicine into clinical applications. The mechanisms discussed here support the proposed hypothesis that BM-MSCs are potentially good candidates for brain and spinal cord injury treatment, AT-MSCs are potentially good candidates for reproductive disorder treatment and skin regeneration, and UC-MSCs are potentially good candidates for pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc M Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong T Pham
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Q Bach
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh T L Ngo
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang T K Phan
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang H Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong T T Le
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Michael Heke
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liem Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Li L, Mu J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Ma T, Chen L, Huang T, Wu J, Cao J, Feng S, Cai Y, Han M, Gao J. Stimulation by Exosomes from Hypoxia Preconditioned Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Facilitates Mesenchymal Stem Cells Angiogenic Function for Spinal Cord Repair. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10811-10823. [PMID: 35786851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Revascularization treatment is a critical measure for tissue engineering therapies like spinal cord repair. As multipotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proven to regulate the lesion microenvironment through feedback to the microenvironment signals. The angiogenic capacities of MSCs have been reported to be facilitated by vein endothelial cells in the niche. As emerging evidence demonstrated the roles of exosomes in cell-cell and cell-microenvironment communications, to cope with the ischemia complication for treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury, the study extracts the microenvironment factors to stimulate angiogenic MSCs through using exosomes (EX) derived from hypoxic preconditioned (HPC) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The HPC treatment with a hypoxia time segment of only 15 min efficiently enhanced the function of EX in facilitating MSCs angiogenesis activity. MSCs stimulated by HPC-EX showed significant tube formation within 2 h, and the in vivo transplantation of the stimulated MSCs elicited effective nerve tissue repair after rat spinal cord transection, which could be attributed to the pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory impacts of the MSCs. Through the simulation of MSCs using HPC-tailored HUVEC exosomes, the results proposed an efficient angiogenic nerve tissue repair strategy for spinal cord injury treatment and could provide inspiration for therapies based on stem cells and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiafu Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Teng Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianchen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Youzhi Cai
- Department of Orthopedics and Center for Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321002, China
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Tong LY, Deng YB, Du WH, Zhou WZ, Liao XY, Jiang X. Clemastine Promotes Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Through the Activation of ERK1/2 via Muscarinic Receptors After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914153. [PMID: 35865954 PMCID: PMC9294397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) is closely associated with the obstruction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, which ultimately induces the inability to generate newly formed myelin. To address the concern, drug-based methods may be the most practical and feasible way, possibly applying to clinical therapies for patients with SCI. In our previous study, we found that clemastine treatment preserves myelin integrity, decreases the loss of axons, and improves functional recovery in the SCI model. Clemastine acts as an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (muscarinic receptor, MR) identified from a string of anti-muscarinic drugs that can enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin wrapping. However, the effects of clemastine on OPC differentiation through MRs in SCI and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. To explore the possibility, a rat model of SCI was established. To investigate if clemastine could promote the differentiation of OPCs in SCI via MR, the expressions of OPC and mature OL were detected at 7 days post injury (dpi) or at 14 dpi. The significant effect of clemastine on encouraging OPC differentiation was revealed at 14 dpi rather than 7 dpi. Under pre-treatment with the MR agonist cevimeline, the positive role of clemastine on OPC differentiation was partially disrupted. Further studies indicated that clemastine increased the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and the expressions of transcription factors, Myrf and Olig2. To determine the relationship among clemastine, ERK1/2 signaling, specified transcription factors, and OPC differentiation, the ERK1/2 signaling was disturbed by U0126. The inhibition of ERK1/2 in SCI rats treated with clemastine decreased the expressions of p-ERK 1/2, Myrf, Olig2, and mature OLs, suggesting that ERK1/2 is required for clemastine on promoting OPC differentiation and that specified transcription factors may be affected by the activity of ERK1/2. Moreover, the impact of clemastine on modulating the level of p-ERK 1/2 was restricted following cevimeline pre-injecting, which provides further evidence that the role of clemastine was mediated by MRs. Altogether, our data demonstrated that clemastine, mediated by MRs, promotes OPC differentiation under the enhancement of Myrf and Olig2 by activating ERK1/2 signaling and suggests a novel therapeutic prospect for SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Bing Deng
- Department of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Jiang, ,
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Gong L, Gu Y, Han X, Luan C, Liu C, Wang X, Sun Y, Zheng M, Fang M, Yang S, Xu L, Sun H, Yu B, Gu X, Zhou S. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Molecular Expression Pattern and Intercellular Interactions in the Glial Scar Response to Spinal Cord Injury. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:213-244. [PMID: 35788904 PMCID: PMC9905408 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve regeneration in adult mammalian spinal cord is poor because of the lack of intrinsic regeneration of neurons and extrinsic factors - the glial scar is triggered by injury and inhibits or promotes regeneration. Recent technological advances in spatial transcriptomics (ST) provide a unique opportunity to decipher most genes systematically throughout scar formation, which remains poorly understood. Here, we first constructed the tissue-wide gene expression patterns of mouse spinal cords over the course of scar formation using ST after spinal cord injury from 32 samples. Locally, we profiled gene expression gradients from the leading edge to the core of the scar areas to further understand the scar microenvironment, such as neurotransmitter disorders, activation of the pro-inflammatory response, neurotoxic saturated lipids, angiogenesis, obstructed axon extension, and extracellular structure re-organization. In addition, we described 21 cell transcriptional states during scar formation and delineated the origins, functional diversity, and possible trajectories of subpopulations of fibroblasts, glia, and immune cells. Specifically, we found some regulators in special cell types, such as Thbs1 and Col1a2 in macrophages, CD36 and Postn in fibroblasts, Plxnb2 and Nxpe3 in microglia, Clu in astrocytes, and CD74 in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, salvianolic acid B, a blood-brain barrier permeation and CD36 inhibitor, was administered after surgery and found to remedy fibrosis. Subsequently, we described the extent of the scar boundary and profiled the bidirectional ligand-receptor interactions at the neighboring cluster boundary, contributing to maintain scar architecture during gliosis and fibrosis, and found that GPR37L1_PSAP, and GPR37_PSAP were the most significant gene-pairs among microglia, fibroblasts, and astrocytes. Last, we quantified the fraction of scar-resident cells and proposed four possible phases of scar formation: macrophage infiltration, proliferation and differentiation of scar-resident cells, scar emergence, and scar stationary. Together, these profiles delineated the spatial heterogeneity of the scar, confirmed the previous concepts about scar architecture, provided some new clues for scar formation, and served as a valuable resource for the treatment of central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chengcheng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mengru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mengya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shuhai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Yang T, Tang S, Peng S, Ding G. The Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Oral Cancer and Possible Therapy Regime. Front Genet 2022; 13:949770. [PMID: 35846142 PMCID: PMC9280436 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.949770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by self-renewal, rapid proliferation, multipotent differentiation, and low immunogenicity. In addition, the tropism of MSCs towards injured tissues and tumor lesions makes them attractive candidates as cell carriers for therapeutic agent delivery and genetic material transfer. The interaction between tumor cells and MSCs in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the head and neck. Although considerable improvements in the treatment of oral cancer were achieved, more effective and safer novel agents and treatments are still needed, and deeper studies on the etiology, pathology, and treatment of the oral cancer are desirable. In the past decades, many studies have reported the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapies in the treatment of various diseases, including oral cancers. Meanwhile, other studies demonstrated that MSCs may enhance the growth and metastasis of oral cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of the effects of MSCs on oral cancers, the underlying mechanisms, and their potential applications in the treatment of oral cancers.
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Wang H, Xia Y, Li B, Li Y, Fu C. Reverse Adverse Immune Microenvironments by Biomaterials Enhance the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:812340. [PMID: 35646849 PMCID: PMC9136098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.812340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe and traumatic disorder that ultimately results in the loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic nervous function. After SCI, local immune inflammatory response persists and does not weaken or disappear. The interference of local adverse immune factors after SCI brings great challenges to the repair of SCI. Among them, microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, astrocytes, and the release of various cytokines, as well as the destruction of the extracellular matrix are mainly involved in the imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Studies have shown that immune remodeling after SCI significantly affects the survival and differentiation of stem cells after transplantation and the prognosis of SCI. Recently, immunological reconstruction strategies based on biomaterials have been widely explored and achieved good results. In this review, we discuss the important factors leading to immune dysfunction after SCI, such as immune cells, cytokines, and the destruction of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, the immunomodulatory strategies based on biomaterials are summarized, and the clinical application prospects of these immune reconstructs are evaluated.
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Ahn H, Lee SY, Jung WJ, Lee KH. Treatment of syringomyelia using uncultured umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A case report and review of literature. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:303-309. [PMID: 35662863 PMCID: PMC9136562 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringomyelia is a disease caused by the formation of a cavity inside the spinal cord and is accompanied by such symptoms as pain, paresthesia, and urination and defecation disorders, and in severe cases causes various paralyses. Currently, there are only surgical methods for the treatment of syringomyelia, but these methods carry the possibility of failure, recurrence, and side effects.
CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 59-year-old woman who suffered from pain due to syringomyelia. For treatment, the patient received transplant of uncultured umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. As intended, the patient's pain was relieved after treatment. Interestingly, an additional benefit was found in that the size of the cavity also decreased. After 2 years from the last treatment, the patient's cavity had almost completely disappeared and her syringomyelia was deemed cured.
CONCLUSION Using uncultured umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells may be a new treatment alternative for syringomyelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Ahn
- Stem Cell Treatment and Research Institute (STRI), bio Beauty and Health Company (bBHC), Seoul 04420, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Lee
- Stem Cell Treatment and Research Institute (STRI), bio Beauty and Health Company (bBHC), Seoul 04420, South Korea
| | - Won-Ju Jung
- Stem Cell Treatment, 97.7 Beauty and Health Clinic, Seoul 04420, South Korea
| | - Kye-Ho Lee
- Stem Cell Treatment and Research Institute (STRI), bio Beauty and Health Company (bBHC), Seoul 04420, South Korea
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71
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De Berdt P, Vanvarenberg K, Ucakar B, Bouzin C, Paquot A, Gratpain V, Loriot A, Payen V, Bearzatto B, Muccioli GG, Gatto L, Diogenes A, des Rieux A. The human dental apical papilla promotes spinal cord repair through a paracrine mechanism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:252. [PMID: 35445984 PMCID: PMC11072347 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is an overwhelming condition that strongly and suddenly impacts the patient's life and her/his entourage. There are currently no predictable treatments to repair the spinal cord, while many strategies are proposed and evaluated by researchers throughout the world. One of the most promising avenues is the transplantation of stem cells, although its therapeutic efficiency is limited by several factors, among which cell survival at the lesion site. In our previous study, we showed that the implantation of a human dental apical papilla, residence of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), supported functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord hemisection. In this study, we employed protein multiplex, immunohistochemistry, cytokine arrays, RT- qPCR, and RNAseq technology to decipher the mechanism by which the dental papilla promotes repair of the injured spinal cord. We found that the apical papilla reduced inflammation at the lesion site, had a neuroprotective effect on motoneurons, and increased the apoptosis of activated macrophages/ microglia. This therapeutic effect is likely driven by the secretome of the implanted papilla since it is known to secrete an entourage of immunomodulatory or pro-angiogenic factors. Therefore, we hypothesize that the secreted molecules were mainly produced by SCAP, and that by anchoring and protecting them, the human papilla provides a protective niche ensuring that SCAP could exert their therapeutic actions. Therapeutic abilities of the papilla were demonstrated in the scope of spinal cord injury but could very well be beneficial to other types of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Vanvarenberg
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Ucakar
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bouzin
- IREC Imaging platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Paquot
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Gratpain
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Loriot
- de Duve Institute, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Payen
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Bearzatto
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G G Muccioli
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Gatto
- de Duve Institute, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Unit (CBIO), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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72
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Yang ZL, Rao J, Lin FB, Liang ZY, Xu XJ, Lin YK, Chen XY, Wang CH, Chen CM. The Role of Exosomes and Exosomal Noncoding RNAs From Different Cell Sources in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:882306. [PMID: 35518647 PMCID: PMC9062236 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.882306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) not only affects the quality of life of patients but also poses a heavy burden on their families. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the occurrence of SCI; for unpreventable SCI, it is critical to develop effective treatments. In recent years, various major breakthroughs have been made in cell therapy to protect and regenerate the damaged spinal cord via various mechanisms such as immune regulation, paracrine signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) modification, and lost cell replacement. Nevertheless, many recent studies have shown that the cell therapy has many disadvantages, such as tumorigenicity, low survival rate, and immune rejection. Because of these disadvantages, the clinical application of cell therapy is limited. In recent years, the role of exosomes in various diseases and their therapeutic potential have attracted much attention. The same is true for exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not encode proteins but affect transcriptional and translational processes by targeting specific mRNAs. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of exosomes obtained from different cell sources in the treatment of SCI and the regulatory role and therapeutic potential of exosomal ncRNAs. This review also discusses the future opportunities and challenges, proposing that exosomes and exosomal ncRNAs might be promising tools for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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73
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Clinical Trials Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges in Generating Evidence. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061019. [PMID: 35326470 PMCID: PMC8946989 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains an important public health problem which often causes permanent loss of muscle strength, sensation, and function below the site of the injury, generating physical, psychological, and social impacts throughout the lives of the affected individuals, since there are no effective treatments available. The use of stem cells has been investigated as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI. Although a significant number of studies have been conducted in pre-clinical and clinical settings, so far there is no established cell therapy for the treatment of SCI. One aspect that makes it difficult to evaluate the efficacy is the heterogeneity of experimental designs in the clinical trials that have been published. Cell transplantation methods vary widely among the trials, and there are still no standardized protocols or recommendations for the therapeutic use of stem cells in SCI. Among the different cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the most frequently tested in clinical trials for SCI treatment. This study reviews the clinical applications of MSCs for SCI, focusing on the critical analysis of 17 clinical trials published thus far, with emphasis on their design and quality. Moreover, it highlights the need for more evidence-based studies designed as randomized controlled trials and potential challenges to be addressed in context of stem cell therapies for SCI.
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74
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Gao T, Huang F, Wang W, Xie Y, Wang B. Interleukin-10 genetically modified clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells markedly reinforced functional recovery after spinal cord injury via directing alternative activation of macrophages. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:27. [PMID: 35300585 PMCID: PMC8931978 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), dysregulated or nonresolving inflammatory processes can severely disturb neuronal homeostasis and drive neurodegeneration. Although mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have showed certain therapeutic efficacy, no MSC therapy has reached its full clinical goal. In this study, we examine interleukin-10 (IL10) genetically modified clinical-grade MSCs (IL10-MSCs) and evaluate their clinical safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic mechanism in a completely transected SCI mouse model. Methods We established stable IL10-overexpressing human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs through electric transduction and screened out clinical-grade IL10-MSCs according to the criteria of cell-based therapeutic products, which were applied to mice with completely transected SCI by repeated tail intravenous injections. Then we comprehensively investigated the motor function, histological structure, and nerve regeneration in SCI mice, and further explored the potential therapeutic mechanism after IL10-MSC treatment. Results IL10-MSC treatment markedly reinforced locomotor improvement, accompanied with decreased lesion volume, regeneration of axons, and preservation of neurons, compared with naïve unmodified MSCs. Further, IL10-MSC transplantation increased the ratio of microglia to infiltrated alternatively activated macrophages (M2), and reduced the ratio of classically activated macrophages (M1) at the injured spinal cord, meanwhile increasing the percentage of Treg and Th2 cells, and reducing the percentage of Th1 cells in the peripheral circulatory system. In addition, IL10-MSC administration could prevent apoptosis and promote neuron differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under inflammatory conditions in vitro. Conclusions IL10-MSCs exhibited a reliable safety profile and demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in SCI compared with naïve MSCs, providing solid support for future clinical application of genetically engineered MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Gao
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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75
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Shang Z, Wang R, Li D, Chen J, Zhang B, Wang M, Wang X, Wanyan P. Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies Based on 15 Types of Stem Cells in Animal Models. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819861. [PMID: 35359872 PMCID: PMC8964098 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells for spinal cord injury (SCI) are fully explored in animal studies to promote the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice, also to provide guidance for future animal experiments and clinical studies. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, and CBM were searched from inception to September 2021. Screening of search results, data extraction, and references quality evaluation were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: A total of 188 studies were included for data analysis. Results of traditional meta-analysis showed that all 15 diverse types of stem cells could significantly improve locomotor function of animals with SCI, and results of further network meta-analysis showed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the greatest therapeutic potential for SCI. Moreover, a higher dose (≥1 × 106) of stem cell transplantation had better therapeutic effect, transplantation in the subacute phase (3–14 days, excluding 3 days) was the optimal timing, and intralesional transplantation was the optimal route. However, the evidence of current animal studies is of limited quality, and more high-quality research is needed to further explore the optimal therapeutic strategies of stem cells, while the design and implementation of experiments, as well as measurement and reporting of results for animal studies, need to be further improved and standardized to reduce the risk when the results of animal studies are translated to the clinic. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Pingping Wanyan,
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Pingping Wanyan,
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76
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Zhang C, Deng R, Zhang G, He X, Chen H, Chen B, Wan L, Kang X. Therapeutic Effect of Exosomes Derived From Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review Based on Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:847444. [PMID: 35356459 PMCID: PMC8959939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.847444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveA systematic review of the role of stem cell-derived exosomes in repairing spinal cord injury (SCI) and the existing problems in animal experiments to provide a reference for better animal experiments and clinical studies in the future.MethodThree electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid-Embase were searched. The studies were retrieved from inception to October 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality based on the inclusion criteria.Results and DiscussionThirty-two studies were incorporated into the final analyses. Exosomes derived from stem cells could not only significantly improve the motor function of animals with SCI, but also significantly increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while significantly lowering the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of the apoptotic protein BAX. However, the mechanism of exosome-mediated SCI repair, as well as the best source and dosage remain unknown. In addition, there are still some issues with the design, implementation, and reporting of animal experiments in the included studies. Therefore, future research should further standardize the implementation and reporting of animal studies and fully explore the best strategies for exosomes to repair SCI so as to promote the translation of preclinical research results to clinical research better and faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Osteoarthritis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewen Kang
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77
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Li J, Huang J, Chen L, Ren W, Cai W. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the reconstruction of bladder function after acute spinal cord injury via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4844-4856. [PMID: 35152833 PMCID: PMC8973731 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between spinal cord injury (SCI) and bladder symptoms has been intensively described. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) treatment is beneficial to the recovery of bladder function after SCI, but its mechanism is unclear. We established an SCI model, and prepared hUC-MSCs in advance, followed by verification using flow cytometry. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score and urodynamic index were employed to evaluate motor function and bladder functions, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, luxol fast blue staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were utilized to assess pathological changes. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA and protein expressions in bladder tissues. The immunophenotypes of the HUC-MSCs were CD90+ and CD105+, but CD34-, CD45- and HLA-DR-. Rats appeared severe motor dysfunction after SCI, but the BBB score was increased in hUC-MSCs after the second week. Pathologically, the improvement of the lesion area on the dorsal spinal cord, augmented anterior gray horn neuron cells of the spinal cord and lessened bladder tissue remodeling (fibrosis, collagen deposition) as well as modulated inflammation could be observed. Besides, SCI increased bladder weight, bladder capacity, urine volume and residual urine volume, and decreased urination efficiency. HUC-MSCs ameliorated SCI-induced pathological changes and bladder functions, the expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), phospho-p38, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, Toll-like receptor 4 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB). To sum up, HUC-MSCs contribute to the reconstruction of bladder function after SCI by repressing p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Li
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Huang
- Reproductive Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518101, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China
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Zheng Y, Zhao D, Xue DD, Mao YR, Cao LY, Zhang Y, Zhu GY, Yang Q, Xu DS. Nerve root magnetic stimulation improves locomotor function following spinal cord injury with electrophysiological improvements and cortical synaptic reconstruction. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2036-2042. [PMID: 35142694 PMCID: PMC8848603 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a spinal cord injury, there are usually a number of neural pathways that remain intact in the spinal cord. These residual nerve fibers are important, as they could be used to reconstruct the neural circuits that enable motor function. Our group previously designed a novel magnetic stimulation protocol, targeting the motor cortex and the spinal nerve roots, that led to significant improvements in locomotor function in patients with a chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Here, we investigated how nerve root magnetic stimulation contributes to improved locomotor function using a rat model of spinal cord injury. Rats underwent surgery to clamp the spinal cord at T10; three days later, the rats were treated with repetitive magnetic stimulation (5 Hz, 25 pulses/train, 20 pulse trains) targeting the nerve roots at the L5–L6 vertebrae. The treatment was repeated five times a week over a period of three weeks. We found that the nerve root magnetic stimulation improved the locomotor function and enhanced nerve conduction in the injured spinal cord. In addition, the nerve root magnetic stimulation promoted the recovery of synaptic ultrastructure in the sensorimotor cortex. Overall, the results suggest that nerve root magnetic stimulation may be an effective, noninvasive method for mobilizing the residual spinal cord pathways to promote the recovery of locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ye-Ran Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yun Cao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yue Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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79
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Strategies for effective neural circuit reconstruction after spinal cord injury: use of stem cells and biomaterials. World Neurosurg 2022; 161:82-89. [PMID: 35144032 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), a serious disease of the central nervous system, often with irreversible loss of motor or sensory functions. Failure of axon connection and inhibition of microenvironment after SCI severely hinder the regeneration of damaged tissue and neuron function. Therefore, the new perspective of treatment of spinal cord injury is the reconstruction of neural circuit. Stem cells are a kind of cells with differentiation potential. They reconstruct local circulation by differentiating into neurons to replace damaged cells. It can also secrete various factors to regulate the host microenvironment and play a therapeutic role. Biomaterials can fill the cavity at the site of spinal cord injury, load therapeutic drugs, provide adsorption sites for transplanted cells and play a bridging role. In this review, the therapeutic role of stem cells and biomaterials is discussed, together with their properties, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives, providing a reference for basic and clinical research on SCI treatment.
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80
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Najar M, Melki R, Khalife F, Lagneaux L, Bouhtit F, Moussa Agha D, Fahmi H, Lewalle P, Fayyad-Kazan M, Merimi M. Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Value, Challenges and Optimization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:716853. [PMID: 35096805 PMCID: PMC8795900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy aims to replace damaged resident cells by restoring cellular and molecular environments suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. Among several candidates, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a critical component of stromal niches known to be involved in tissue homeostasis. In vitro, MSCs appear as fibroblast-like plastic adherent cells regardless of the tissue source. The therapeutic value of MSCs is being explored in several conditions, including immunological, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer. An improved understanding of their origin and function would facilitate their clinical use. The stemness of MSCs is still debated and requires further study. Several terms have been used to designate MSCs, although consensual nomenclature has yet to be determined. The presence of distinct markers may facilitate the identification and isolation of specific subpopulations of MSCs. Regarding their therapeutic properties, the mechanisms underlying their immune and trophic effects imply the secretion of various mediators rather than direct cellular contact. These mediators can be packaged in extracellular vesicles, thus paving the way to exploit therapeutic cell-free products derived from MSCs. Of importance, the function of MSCs and their secretome are significantly sensitive to their environment. Several features, such as culture conditions, delivery method, therapeutic dose and the immunobiology of MSCs, may influence their clinical outcomes. In this review, we will summarize recent findings related to MSC properties. We will also discuss the main preclinical and clinical challenges that may influence the therapeutic value of MSCs and discuss some optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahma Melki
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ferial Khalife
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Douaa Moussa Agha
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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81
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Hu M, Cao Z, Jiang D. The Effect of miRNA-Modified Exosomes in Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury: A meta-Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:819651. [PMID: 35071220 PMCID: PMC8770826 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.819651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is currently not completely curable. Exosomes have been widely used in preclinical studies of spinal cord injury. Here, in this meta-analysis, we focused on evaluating the overall efficacy of therapies based on miRNA-modified exosomes on functional recovery in animal models of SCI. Methods: PubMed, embase and Web of Science library databases were searched. Relevant literature was included, and the random effects model was used to assess the overall effect of the intervention, with outcomes expressed as SMD. The primary outcome included motor function scores. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the ROB tool of the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). R version 4.1.1software and Review Manager software were used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 11 preclinical studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that miRNA-modified exosome therapy was effective in improving motor function scores compared with exosomes alone or control therapy (standardized mean difference: 4.21; 95% confidence interval: 3.39-5.04). There was significant asymmetry in the funnel plot, and trim-and-fill analysis revealed four unpublished studies of motor scores. The quality of all included studies was evaluated with SYRCLE's ROB tool. The SCI model, administration time and dose had an impact on the effect of the treatment. Conclusion: MiRNA-modified exosomes have shown great potential in the treatment of SCI. Moreover, the efficacy of miRNA-modified exosomes was superior to that of exosomes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhidong Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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82
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Human Spinal Cord Injury: The Effect on Individual Values of pNF-H, GFAP, S100 Proteins and Selected Growth Factors, Cytokines and Chemokines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:578-596. [PMID: 35723326 PMCID: PMC8929137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective way to treat the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI leads to the death of neural and glial cells and widespread neuroinflammation with persisting for several weeks after the injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is one of the most promising approaches in the treatment of this injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression profile of multiple cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and so-called neuromarkers in the serum of an SCI patient treated with autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). SCI resulted in a significant increase in the levels of neuromarkers and proteins involved in the inflammatory process. BM-MSCs administration resulted in significant changes in the levels of neuromarkers (S100, GFAP, and pNF-H) as well as changes in the expression of proteins and growth factors involved in the inflammatory response following SCI in the serum of a patient with traumatic SCI. Our preliminary results encouraged that BM-MSCs with their neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects could affect the repair process after injury.
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83
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Cao TT, Chen H, Pang M, Xu SS, Wen HQ, Liu B, Rong LM, Li MM. Dose optimization of intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of subacute incomplete spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1785-1794. [PMID: 35017439 PMCID: PMC8820722 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are a promising candidate for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair owing to their advantages of low immunogenicity and easy accessibility over other MSC sources. However, modest clinical efficacy hampered the progression of these cells to clinical translation. This discrepancy may be due to many variables, such as cell source, timing of implantation, route of administration, and relevant efficacious cell dose, which are critical factors that affect the efficacy of treatment of patients with SCI. Previously, we have evaluated the safety and efficacy of 4 × 106 hUC-MSCs/kg in the treatment of subacute SCI by intrathecal implantation in rat models. To search for a more accurate dose range for clinical translation, we compared the effects of three different doses of hUC-MSCs – low (0.25 × 106 cells/kg), medium (1 × 106 cells/kg) and high (4 × 106 cells/kg) – on subacute SCI repair through an elaborate combination of behavioral analyses, anatomical analyses, magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion tensor imaging (MRI-DTI), biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) tracing, electrophysiology, and quantification of mRNA levels of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Our study demonstrated that the medium dose, but not the low dose, is as efficient as the high dose in producing the desired therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, partial restoration of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor expression by the effective doses indicates that GABAA receptors are possible candidates for therapeutic targeting of dormant relay pathways in injured spinal cord. Overall, this study revealed that intrathecal implantation of 1 × 106 hUC-MSCs/kg is an alternative approach for treating subacute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Si Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Quan Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Min Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mang-Mang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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84
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Shin MJ, Park JY, Lee DH, Khang D. Stem Cell Mimicking Nanoencapsulation for Targeting Arthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8485-8507. [PMID: 35002240 PMCID: PMC8725870 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s334298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising regenerative therapy due to their ability to migrate toward damaged tissues. The homing ability of MSCs is unique compared with that of non-migrating cells and MSCs are considered promising therapeutic vectors for targeting major cells in many pathophysiological sites. MSCs have many advantages in the treatment of malignant diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a representative autoimmune disease that primarily affects joints, and secreted chemokines in the joints are well recognized by MSCs following their migration to the joints. Furthermore, MSCs can regulate the inflammatory process and repair damaged cells in the joints. However, the functionality and migration ability of MSCs injected in vivo still show insufficient. The targeting ability and migration efficiency of MSCs can be enhanced by genetic engineering or modification, eg, overexpressing chemokine receptors or migration-related genes, thus maximizing their therapeutic effect. However, there are concerns about genetic changes due to the increased probability of oncogenesis resulting from genome integration of the viral vector, and thus, clinical application is limited. Furthermore, it is suspected that administering MSCs can promote tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft and orthotopic models. For this reason, MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations are an alternative strategy that does not involve using MSCs or bioengineered MSCs. MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations consist of MSC membrane-coated nanoparticles, MSC-derived exosomes and artificial ectosomes, and MSC membrane-fused liposomes with natural or genetically engineered MSC membranes. MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations not only retain the targeting ability of MSCs but also have many advantages in terms of targeted drug delivery. Specifically, MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations are capable of encapsulating drugs with various components, including chemotherapeutic agents, nucleic acids, and proteins. Furthermore, there are fewer concerns over safety issues on MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations associated with mutagenesis even when using genetically engineered MSCs, because MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations use only the membrane fraction of MSCs. Genetic engineering is a promising route in clinical settings, where nano-encapsulated technology strategies are combined. In this review, the mechanism underlying MSC homing and the advantages of MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations are discussed. In addition, genetic engineering of MSCs and MSC mimicking nanoencapsulation is described as a promising strategy for the treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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85
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Sharma S, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S. Role of stem cell therapy in neurosciences. ESSENTIALS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE OF NEUROANESTHESIA AND NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2022:163-179. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821776-4.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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86
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Zhao Y, Yao L, Ao L, Ou J, He Y, Shang Y. Study of the Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Preclinical Therapeutic Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9721-9732. [PMID: 34938101 PMCID: PMC8686231 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s326023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation was used to treat patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The microstructural changes of the spinal cord before and after transplantation were observed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods From January 2014 to May 2015, seven patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. In the experimental group, both UC-MSC transplantation and comprehensive rehabilitation treatment were applied, while the control group received only comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) sensory and motor scores and the degree of SCI, spasticity, and urine/defecation functions were measured and evaluated together with DTI before the treatment and again at two and six months after the first treatment. Results From the DTI, the changes in the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were as follows: in the experimental group, there were significant differences in the FA and ADC values before and after treatment (P < 0.05) with a decreased ADC value and an increased FA value. The differences in the ADC and FA values of the normal layer and the lesion layer before and after treatment were compared. The differences in ADC and FA at the lesion layer before and after transplantation were greater than those of the normal layer, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, one patient with incomplete SCI and one patient with a short course of complete SCI improved in terms of light touch, acupuncture sensation, and motor score. One patient with incomplete SCI achieved improvement in spasticity and urine/defecation functions. Conclusion The combination of UC-MSC transplantation and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy could help to promote the structural repair of the spinal nerve in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibing Ou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Shang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, People's Republic of China
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87
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Kim GU, Sung SE, Kang KK, Choi JH, Lee S, Sung M, Yang SY, Kim SK, Kim YI, Lim JH, Seo MS, Lee GW. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413672. [PMID: 34948463 PMCID: PMC8703906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to permanent disability with partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. SCI is usually caused by initial mechanical insult, followed by a cascade of several neuroinflammation and structural changes. For ameliorating the neuroinflammatory cascades, MSC has been regarded as a therapeutic agent. The animal SCI research has demonstrated that MSC can be a valuable therapeutic agent with several growth factors and cytokines that may induce anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in animal SCI models is inconsistent, and the optimal method of MSCs remains debatable. Moreover, there are several limitations to developing these therapeutic agents for humans. Therefore, identifying novel agents for regenerative medicine is necessary. Extracellular vesicles are a novel source for regenerative medicine; they possess nucleic acids, functional proteins, and bioactive lipids and perform various functions, including damaged tissue repair, immune response regulation, and reduction of inflammation. MSC-derived exosomes have advantages over MSCs, including small dimensions, low immunogenicity, and no need for additional procedures for culture expansion or delivery. Certain studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, exhibit outstanding chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we reviewed the principles and patho-mechanisms and summarized the research outcomes of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs for SCI, reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Un Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanil General Hospital, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01450, Korea;
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Efficacy Evaluation Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, 61Heolleungro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06800, Korea;
| | | | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Cellexobio, Co. Ltd., Daegu 42415, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
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88
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Potential of different cells-derived exosomal microRNA cargos for treating spinal cord injury. J Orthop Translat 2021; 31:33-40. [PMID: 34760623 PMCID: PMC8560648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disastrous situation that affects many patients worldwide. A profound understanding of the pathology and etiology of SCI is of great importance in inspiring new therapeutic concepts and treatment. In recent years, exosomes, which are complex lipid membrane structures secreted nearly by all kinds of plants and animal cells, can transport their valuable cargoes (e.g., proteins, lipids, RNAs) to the targeted cells and exert their communication and regulation functions, which open up a new field of treatment of SCI. Notably, the exosome's advantage is transporting the carried material to the target cells across the blood-brain barrier and exerting regulatory functions. Among the cargoes of exosomes, microRNAs, through the modulation of their mRNA targets, emerges with great potentiality in the pathological process, diagnosis and treatment of SCI. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs transported by different cell-derived exosomes in SCI that are poised to enhance SCI-specific therapeutic capabilities of exosomes.
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89
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Wang G, Yan J, Zhang H, Massey P, Alexander JS, Kevil CG, Barton S, Dong Y. Transient activation of notch signaling enhances endogenous stromal cell expansion and subsequent bone defect repair. J Orthop Translat 2021; 31:26-32. [PMID: 34760622 PMCID: PMC8554104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following traumatic bone loss or removal of bone tumors, the failure of bone allograft transplantation for large bone defect repair remains a significant problem in orthopedics. Therefore, new strategies that can efficiently enhance allograft healing and long-term incorporation are critically needed. METHOD In this study, we first injected Notch-activating Jagged1 peptide to mice and then isolated bone marrow tissues and cells for proliferation and differentiation assays. Femur bone allograft surgery was also performed in Jagged1 pre-treated mice, and bone defect healing process were monitored by histology, Micro-CT and biomechanical testing. RESULT Our results showed that Jagged1 therapeutic injection is sufficient to maximally activate Notch and promote bone marrow stromal cell proliferation in vivo, while no effects on bone structure were observed. More importantly, Jagged1 pre-treatment significantly promoted bone callus formation and increased bone mechanical strength during allograft healing in a femur bone defect mouse model. CONCLUSION This study reveals that Notch in vivo activation can be induced by injection of Jagged1 peptide for expansion of local native stromal cells that will significantly enhance bone callus formation. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE The clinical uses of this therapeutic strategy would be immediately applicable for chronic long bone defect repair. More importantly, this devised strategy for expansion of endogenous BMSCs can also be applied to enhance other tissue and organ repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Patrick Massey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J. Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Medicine and Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Shane Barton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Köhli P, Otto E, Jahn D, Reisener MJ, Appelt J, Rahmani A, Taheri N, Keller J, Pumberger M, Tsitsilonis S. Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:2955. [PMID: 34831179 PMCID: PMC8616497 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), commonly caused by high energy trauma in young active patients, is frequently accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although combined trauma results in inferior clinical outcomes and a higher mortality rate, the understanding of the pathophysiological interaction of co-occurring TSCI and TBI remains limited. This review provides a detailed overview of the local and systemic alterations due to TSCI and TBI, which severely affect the autonomic and sensory nervous system, immune response, the blood-brain and spinal cord barrier, local perfusion, endocrine homeostasis, posttraumatic metabolism, and circadian rhythm. Because currently developed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutic strategies for TSCI provide only mild benefit, this review raises awareness of the impact of TSCI-TBI interaction on TSCI pathophysiology and MSC treatment. Therefore, we propose that unravelling the underlying pathophysiology of TSCI with concomitant TBI will reveal promising pharmacological targets and therapeutic strategies for regenerative therapies, further improving MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Köhli
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Otto
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Jahn
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Jacqueline Reisener
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adibeh Rahmani
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nima Taheri
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Johannes Keller
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Pumberger
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.K.); (E.O.); (D.J.); (M.-J.R.); (J.A.); (A.R.); (N.T.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
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91
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Ng CY, Chai JY, Foo JB, Mohamad Yahaya NH, Yang Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Potential of Exosomes as Cell-Free Therapy in Articular Cartilage Regeneration: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6749-6781. [PMID: 34621125 PMCID: PMC8491788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s327059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cartilage defects such as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteochondral defect (OCD) remains a huge clinical challenge in orthopedics. OA is one of the most common chronic health conditions and is mainly characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, shown in the limited capacity for intrinsic repair. OCD refers to the focal defects affecting cartilage and the underlying bone. The current OA and OCD management modalities focus on symptom control and on improving joint functionality and the patient’s quality of life. Cell-based therapy has been evaluated for managing OA and OCD, and its chondroprotective efficacy is recognized mainly through paracrine action. Hence, there is growing interest in exploiting extracellular vesicles to induce cartilage regeneration. In this review, we explore the in vivo evidence of exosomes on cartilage regeneration. A total of 29 in vivo studies from the PubMed and Scopus databases were identified and analyzed. The studies reported promising results in terms of in vivo exosome delivery and uptake; improved cartilage morphological, histological, and biochemical outcomes; enhanced subchondral bone regeneration; and improved pain behavior following exosome treatment. In addition, exosome therapy is safe, as the included studies documented no significant complications. Modifying exosomal cargos further increased the cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration capacity of exosomes. We conclude that exosome administration is a potent cell-free therapy for alleviating OA and OCD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of exosomes and to identify the standard protocol for exosome-based therapy in OA and OCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Ying Chai
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hamdan Mohamad Yahaya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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92
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Agrawal DK, Rai V. Commentary: Revival of motor and sensory functions: Is this a catholicon or hollow promise for paraplegia? JTCVS OPEN 2021; 7:43-44. [PMID: 36003689 PMCID: PMC9390623 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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93
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Foo JB, Looi QH, Chong PP, Hassan NH, Yeo GEC, Ng CY, Koh B, How CW, Lee SH, Law JX. Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2616807. [PMID: 34422061 PMCID: PMC8378970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can repair the injured tissues as effectively as the cells. This finding has spurred a new idea to employ secretome in regenerative medicine. Despite that, will cell-free therapy slowly replace cell therapy in the future? Or are these two modes of treatment still needed to address different diseases and conditions? This review provides an indepth discussion about the values of stem cells and secretome in regenerative medicine. In addition, the safety, efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of using these two modes of treatment in regenerative medicine are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- My Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Bandar Seri Petaling, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Genieve Ee Chia Yeo
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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94
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Gkantsinikoudis N, Kapetanakis S, Magras I, Tsiridis E, Kritis A. Tissue-Engineering of Human Intervertebral Disc: A Concise Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:848-860. [PMID: 34409867 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) represents a structure of crucial structural and functional importance for human spine. Pathology of IVD institutes a frequently encountered condition in current clinical practice. Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), the principal clinical representative of IVD pathology, constitutes an increasingly diagnosed spinal disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in recent years. Despite the considerable incidence and socioeconomic burden of DDD, existing treatment modalities including conservative and surgical methods have been demonstrated to provide a limited therapeutic effect, being not capable of interrupting or reversing natural progress of underlying disease. These limitations underline the requirement for development of novel, innovative and more effective therapeutic strategies for DDD management. Within this literature framework, compromised IVD replacement with a viable IVD construct manufactured with Tissue-Engineering (TE) methods has been recommended as a promising therapeutic strategy for DDD. Existing preliminary preclinical data demonstrate that proper combination of cells from various sources, different scaffold materials and appropriate signaling molecules renders manufacturing of whole-IVD tissue-engineered constructs a technically feasible process. Aim of this narrative review is to critically summarize current published evidence regarding particular aspects of IVD-TE, primarily emphasizing in providing researchers in this field with practicable knowledge in order to enhance clinical translatability of their research and informing clinical practitioners about the features and capabilities of innovative TE science in the field of IVD-TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Gkantsinikoudis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Thessaloniki, Greece.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stylianos Kapetanakis
- Interbalkan European Medical Center, Spine Department and Deformities, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Magras
- AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Neurosurgery, Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Academic Orthopaedic Department, Thessaloniki Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, Greece.,Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Buildings A & B, Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, Greece;
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Thessaloniki, Greece.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thessaloniki, Greece;
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95
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Sykova E, Cizkova D, Kubinova S. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695900. [PMID: 34295897 PMCID: PMC8290345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies with various stem cells, their secretomes, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) indicate their use as a promising strategy for the treatment of various diseases and tissue defects, including neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autologous and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are so far the best candidates for use in regenerative medicine. Here we review the effects of the implantation of MSCs (progenitors of mesodermal origin) in animal models of SCI and ALS and in clinical studies. MSCs possess multilineage differentiation potential and are easily expandable in vitro. These cells, obtained from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, Wharton jelly, or even other tissues, have immunomodulatory and paracrine potential, releasing a number of cytokines and factors which inhibit the proliferation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells and modify dendritic cell activity. They are hypoimmunogenic, migrate toward lesion sites, induce better regeneration, preserve perineuronal nets, and stimulate neural plasticity. There is a wide use of MSC systemic application or MSCs seeded on scaffolds and tissue bridges made from various synthetic and natural biomaterials, including human decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) or nanofibers. The positive effects of MSC implantation have been recorded in animals with SCI lesions and ALS. Moreover, promising effects of autologous as well as allogenic MSCs for the treatment of SCI and ALS were demonstrated in recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sykova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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96
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Yeo GEC, Ng MH, Nordin FB, Law JX. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5749. [PMID: 34072224 PMCID: PMC8198707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of the geriatric population has been made possible with advancements in pharmaceutical and health sciences. Hence, age-associated diseases are becoming more common. Aging encompasses deterioration of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Dysregulation of the immune cell production, differentiation, and functioning lead to a chronic subclinical inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The hallmarks of the aging immune system are decreased naïve cells, increased memory cells, and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising solution to halt immunosenescence as the cells have excellent immunomodulatory functions and low immunogenicity. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the aging immune system and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (G.E.C.Y.); (M.H.N.); (F.B.N.)
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97
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Cao J, Wu J, Mu J, Feng S, Gao J. The design criteria and therapeutic strategy of functional scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4591-4606. [PMID: 34018520 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a therapeutic challenge in clinic. Current drug and cell therapeutics have obtained significant efficacy but are still in the early stages for complete neural and functional recovery. In the past few decades, functional scaffolds (FSs) have been rapidly developed to bridge the lesion and provide a framework for tissue regeneration in SCI repair. Moreover, a FS can act as an adjuvant for locally delivering drugs in the lesion with a designed drug release profile, and supplying a biomimetic environment for implanted cells. In this review, the design criteria of FSs for SCI treatment are summarized according to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, morphology, architecture, and biodegradability. Subsequently, FSs designed for SCI repair in the scope of drug delivery, cell implantation and combination therapy are introduced, respectively. And how a FS promotes their therapeutic efficacy is analyzed. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and potential of FSs for SCI treatment are discussed. Hopefully, this review may inspire the future development of potent FSs to facilitate SCI repair in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Jiafu Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China. and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
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98
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Chen WC, Liu WF, Bai YY, Zhou YY, Zhang Y, Wang CM, Lin S, He HF. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for spinal cord injury: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:178. [PMID: 33910588 PMCID: PMC8082850 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic disease of the central nervous system, with a global prevalence of 236–4187 per million people. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating patients with SCI as well as the optimal source and transplantation method of MSCs. PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Web of Science, and China Biomedical Database were searched up until April 01, 2021. The study was conducted for five endpoints: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor and sensory score, ASIA grade improvement, Barthel Index (BI), and adverse reactions. Standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Stata 14.0. Eighteen studies with a total of 949 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Standard meta-analysis showed that MSCs significantly improved ASIA motor score (P < 0.001), sensory score (P < 0.001), ASIA grade (P < 0.001), and BI (P < 0.001) compared to rehabilitation. In addition, in the network meta-analysis, autologous MSCs significantly improved the ASIA motor [MD = 8.01, 95% CI (4.27, 11.76)], sensory score [MD = 17.98, 95% CI (10.04, 25.91)], and BI [MD = 7.69, 95% CI (2.10, 13.29)] compared to rehabilitation. Similarly, compared to rehabilitation, intrathecal injection (IT) of MSCs significantly improved the ASIA motor [MD = 7.97, 95% CI (4.40, 11.53)] and sensory score [MD = 19.60, 95% CI (9.74, 29.46)]. Compared to rehabilitation, however, only the IL of MSCs was associated with more adverse reactions [OR = 17.82, 95% CI (2.48, 128.22)]. According to the results of SUCRA, both autologous MSCs and IT transplantation approaches most improved the neurological function in SCI patients. Cell transplantation using MSCs is effective in patients with SCI and IT of autologous MSCs may be more beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China. .,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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99
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Che J, Xu C, Wu Y, Jia P, Han Q, Ma Y, Wang X, Du Y, Zheng Y. Early-senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote C2C12 cell myogenic differentiation by preventing the nuclear translocation of FOXO3. Life Sci 2021; 277:119520. [PMID: 33887345 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are pluripotent cells with self-renewal and differentiation abilities. Since the effects of senescent BMSCs on C2C12 cells are not fully clear, the present study aimed to elucidate these effects. MAIN METHODS Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and western blotting were performed to confirm the senescence of BMSCs. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to assess myoblast differentiation in each group. The role of the AKT/P70 signaling pathway and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) nuclear translocation was explored by western blotting. BMSC-derived exosomes were injected into the tibialis anterior of mice, and RT-qPCR was used to assess the role of exosomes in promoting muscle differentiation. KEY FINDINGS Conditioned medium (CM) from early-senescent BMSCs promoted myogenic differentiation in vitro, which was detected as enhanced expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC), myogenin (MYOG), and myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD). The AKT signaling pathway was found to be regulated by CM, which inhibited FOXO3 nuclear translocation. RT-qPCR analysis results showed that MHC, MyoD, and MYOG mRNA expression increased in the tibialis anterior of mice after exosome injection. SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrated that early-senescent BMSCs accelerated C2C12 cell myogenic differentiation, and the transcription factor, FOXO3, was the target of senescent cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the AKT/P70 signaling pathway mediates the effect of BMSCs on neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Che
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuidi Xu
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Huadong Hospital, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Jia
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Ma
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Qingpu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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100
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Lee HL, Yeum CE, Lee H, Oh J, Kim JT, Lee WJ, Ha Y, Yang YI, Kim KN. Peripheral Nerve-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids Induce Functional Recovery and Repair after Spinal Cord Injury in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084141. [PMID: 33923671 PMCID: PMC8072978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is one of the most promising candidate treatments for spinal cord injury. Research has shown optimistic results for this therapy, but clinical limitations remain, including poor viability, engraftment, and differentiation. Here, we isolated novel peripheral nerve-derived stem cells (PNSCs) from adult peripheral nerves with similar characteristics to neural-crest stem cells. These PNSCs expressed neural-crest specific markers and showed multilineage differentiation potential into Schwann cells, neuroglia, neurons, and mesodermal cells. In addition, PNSCs showed therapeutic potential by releasing the neurotrophic factors, including glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3. PNSC abilities were also enhanced by their development into spheroids which secreted neurotrophic factors several times more than non-spheroid PNSCs and expressed several types of extra cellular matrix. These features suggest that the potential for these PNSC spheroids can overcome their limitations. In an animal spinal cord injury (SCI) model, these PNSC spheroids induced functional recovery and neuronal regeneration. These PNSC spheroids also reduced the neuropathic pain which accompanies SCI after remyelination. These PNSC spheroids may represent a new therapeutic approach for patients suffering from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lan Lee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (H.L.); (J.O.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chung-Eun Yeum
- Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea; (C.-E.Y.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - HyeYeong Lee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (H.L.); (J.O.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jinsoo Oh
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (H.L.); (J.O.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jong-Tae Kim
- Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea; (C.-E.Y.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Won-Jin Lee
- Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea; (C.-E.Y.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Yoon Ha
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (H.L.); (J.O.); (Y.H.)
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Young-Il Yang
- Paik Inje Memorial Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea; (C.-E.Y.); (J.-T.K.); (W.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.Y.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Keung-Nyun Kim
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (H.L.); (J.O.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.Y.); (K.-N.K.)
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