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Li CH, Bies RR, Wang Y, Sharma MR, Karovic S, Werk L, Edelman MJ, Miller AA, Vokes EE, Oto A, Ratain MJ, Schwartz LH, Maitland ML. Comparative Effects of CT Imaging Measurement on RECIST End Points and Tumor Growth Kinetics Modeling. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:43-50. [PMID: 26790562 PMCID: PMC4760886 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessments of tumor burden and modeling of longitudinal growth could improve phase II oncology trials. To identify obstacles to wider use of quantitative measures we obtained recorded linear tumor measurements from three published lung cancer trials. Model-based parameters of tumor burden change were estimated and compared with similarly sized samples from separate trials. Time-to-tumor growth (TTG) was computed from measurements recorded on case report forms and a second radiologist blinded to the form data. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-based progression-free survival (PFS) measures were perfectly concordant between the original forms data and the blinded radiologist re-evaluation (intraclass correlation coefficient = 1), but these routine interrater differences in the identification and measurement of target lesions were associated with an average 18-week delay (range, -20 to 55 weeks) in TTG (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.32). To exploit computational metrics for improving statistical power in small clinical trials will require increased precision of tumor burden assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- CH Li
- Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI)IndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - RR Bies
- Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI)IndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Y Wang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, US Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - MR Sharma
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - S Karovic
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - L Werk
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - MJ Edelman
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - AA Miller
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - EE Vokes
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - A Oto
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - MJ Ratain
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - LH Schwartz
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - ML Maitland
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Poczobutt JM, Nguyen TT, Hanson D, Li H, Sippel TR, Weiser-Evans MCM, Gijon M, Murphy RC, Nemenoff RA. Deletion of 5-Lipoxygenase in the Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis through Regulating T Cell Recruitment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:891-901. [PMID: 26663781 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids, including PGs, produced by cyclooxygenases (COX), and leukotrienes, produced by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) have been implicated in cancer progression. These molecules are produced by both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). We previously reported that both COX and 5-LO metabolites increase during progression in an orthotopic immunocompetent model of lung cancer. Although PGs in the TME have been well studied, less is known regarding 5-LO products produced by the TME. We examined the role of 5-LO in the TME using a model in which Lewis lung carcinoma cells are directly implanted into the lungs of syngeneic WT mice or mice globally deficient in 5-LO (5-LO-KO). Unexpectedly, primary tumor volume and liver metastases were increased in 5-LO-KO mice. This was associated with an ablation of leukotriene (LT) production, consistent with production mainly mediated by the microenvironment. Increased tumor progression was partially reproduced in global LTC4 synthase KO or mice transplanted with LTA4 hydrolase-deficient bone marrow. Tumor-bearing lungs of 5-LO-KO had decreased numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with WT controls, as well as fewer dendritic cells. This was associated with lower levels of CCL20 and CXL9, which have been implicated in dendritic and T cell recruitment. Depletion of CD8 cells increased tumor growth and eliminated the differences between WT and 5-LO mice. These data reveal an antitumorigenic role for 5-LO products in the microenvironment during lung cancer progression through regulation of T cells and suggest that caution should be used in targeting this pathway in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dwight Hanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Howard Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220; and
| | - Trisha R Sippel
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Miguel Gijon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
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53
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Yokouchi H, Kanazawa K. Revisiting the role of COX-2 inhibitor for non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 4:660-4. [PMID: 26629442 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor has some efficacy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, two phase III clinical trials using COX-2 inhibitor in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy showed no survival benefit for "unselected" patients with advanced NSCLC. Thus, exploratory analyses of the association between biomarker and clinical outcome of NSCLC patients treated with COX-2 inhibitors have been warranted. A report by Edelman recently published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology demonstrated the results of a prospective randomized trial using a combination of chemotherapy (docetaxel or pemetrexed) and either COX-2 inhibitor or a placebo for patients with advanced NSCLC. The remarkable point of this study was that it adopted the eligible criteria requiring decreased urinary levels of prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) after administration of COX-2 inhibitor in a run-in period, as a possible predictive marker for the COX-2 inhibitor. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). However, no improvement in PFS was observed between the patients treated with COX-2 inhibitor and those with placebo. A number of efforts from various investigators, including this report, have failed to demonstrate the meaningful clinical effect of COX-2 inhibitor for NSCLC. Is COX-2 inhibitor useless anymore? Here, we address the "difficult" character of this COX-2 inhibitor from various viewpoints and discuss potential future strategy using this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokouchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenya Kanazawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Hou LC, Huang F, Xu HB. Does celecoxib improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 81:23-32. [PMID: 26331772 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clinical trials have reported conflicting results about whether celecoxib plus chemotherapy improves outcomes over chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis comparing the primary and secondary endpoints of treatment with celecoxib plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS Six eligible trials (1181 patients) were selected from the 206 studies that were identified initially. A significant difference, favouring celecoxib plus chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone, was observed in the overall response rate [odds ratio (OR) 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08, 1.67; P = 0.009). However, there was no difference in the 1-year survival rate (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.86, 1.35; P = 0.512), clinical benefit (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.88, 1.25; P = 0.613), complete response (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.39, 1.51; P = 0.446) or partial response (OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.92, 1.63; P = 0.163). Toxicity did not differ significantly with the exception of the occurrence of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib plus chemotherapy appeared to improve the overall response rate compared with chemotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng-Chen Hou
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
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55
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Hiller JG, Parat MO, Ben-Eliyahu S. The Role of Perioperative Pharmacological Adjuncts in Cancer Outcomes: Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists, NSAIDs and Anti-fibrinolytics. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-015-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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56
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Wang X, Gu L, Zhang Y, Sargent DJ, Richards W, Ganti AK, Crawford J, Cohen HJ, Stinchcombe T, Vokes E, Pang H. Validation of survival prognostic models for non-small-cell lung cancer in stage- and age-specific groups. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:281-7. [PMID: 26319317 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prognostic models have been proposed to predict survival for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is important to evaluate whether these models perform better than performance status (PS) alone in stage- and age-specific subgroups. PATIENTS AND METHODS The validation cohort included 2060 stage I and 1611 stage IV NSCLC patients from 23CALGB studies. For stage I, Blanchon (B), Chansky (C) and Gail (G) models were evaluated along with the PS only model. For stage IV, Blanchon (B) and Mandrekar (M) models were compared with the PS only model. The c-index was used to assess the concordance between survival and risk scores. The c-index difference (c-difference) and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to determine the improvement of these models over the PS only model. RESULTS For stage I, B and PS have better survival separation. The c-index for B, PS, C and G are 0.61, 0.58, 0.57 and 0.52, respectively, and B performs significantly better than PS with c-difference=0.034. For stage IV, B, M and PS have c-index 0.61, 0.64 and 0.60, respectively; B and M perform significantly better than PS with c-difference=0.015 and 0.033, respectively. CONCLUSION Although some prognostic models have better concordance with survival than the PS only model, the absolute improvement is small. More accurate prognostic models should be developed; the inclusion of tumor genetic variants may improve prognostic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics and Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Lin Gu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics and Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics and Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel J Sargent
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jeffery Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Harvey Jay Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Stinchcombe
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Everett Vokes
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Herbert Pang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics and Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Saxena A, Becker D, Preeshagul I, Lee K, Katz E, Levy B. Therapeutic Effects of Repurposed Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: What Is Old Is New Again. Oncologist 2015; 20:934-45. [PMID: 26156329 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of targeted and immunotherapeutic agents has dramatically changed the management for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite these advances, lung cancer is not exempt from the challenges facing oncology drug development, including the huge financial cost and the time required for drug implementation. Repositioning noncancer therapies with potential antineoplastic properties into new therapeutic niches is an alternative treatment strategy offering the possibility of saving money and time and improving outcomes. The goal of such a strategy is to deliver an effective drug with a favorable toxicity profile at a reduced cost. Preclinical models and observational data have demonstrated promising activity for many of these agents, and they are now being studied in prospective trials. We review the relevant published data regarding the therapeutic effects of metformin, statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, β-blockers, and itraconazole in NSCLC, with a focus on the putative mechanisms of action and clinical data. As these drugs are increasingly being tested in clinical trials, we aim to highlight the salient challenges and future strategies to optimize this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Saxena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Becker
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabel Preeshagul
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Katz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Levy
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
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58
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Gadgeel SM. Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Is this still a valid target for therapy? Cancer 2015; 121:3197-200. [PMID: 26033783 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirish M Gadgeel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Reckamp KL, Koczywas M, Cristea MC, Dowell JE, Wang HJ, Gardner BK, Milne GL, Figlin RA, Fishbein MC, Elashoff RM, Dubinett SM. Randomized phase 2 trial of erlotinib in combination with high-dose celecoxib or placebo in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2015; 121:3298-306. [PMID: 26033830 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-dependent signaling represents a potential mechanism of resistance to therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This is mediated in part through an EGFR-independent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 promotes downregulation of E cadherin and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The current study investigated EGFR and COX-2 inhibition in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elevated baseline urinary metabolite of PGE2 (PGEM). METHODS Patients with stage IIIB/IV (AJCC 6th edition) NSCLC who progressed after at least 1 line of therapy or refused standard chemotherapy were randomized to receive erlotinib and celecoxib versus erlotinib and placebo. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with 80% power to detect a 50% improvement with a 1-sided significance level of .2 in the intent-to-treat and elevated baseline PGEM populations. Secondary endpoints included response rate, overall survival, and evaluation of molecular markers to assess targeting COX-2-related pathways and evaluate EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. RESULTS A total of 107 patients were enrolled with comparable baseline characteristics. Among the patients treated with celecoxib, those with wild-type EGFR were found to have an increased PFS (3.2 months vs 1.8 months; P = .03). PFS was numerically improved among patients in the intent-to-treat group who received erlotinib and celecoxib compared with those treated with erlotinib and placebo (5.4 months vs 3.5 months; P = .33) and was increased in patients in the erlotinib and celecoxib arm with elevated baseline PGEM (5.4 months vs 2.2 months; P = .15). Adverse events were similar in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS The combination of erlotinib and celecoxib did not appear to improve outcomes in an unselected population, but selection by elevated baseline PGEM led to an increase in PFS with this combination. Patients with EGFR wild-type status may benefit from the combination of erlotinib and celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mihaela C Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jonathan E Dowell
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - He-Jing Wang
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian K Gardner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert A Figlin
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Elashoff
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Chen YK, Hou HA, Tang JL, Jhuang JY, Lai YJ, Lee MC, Kuo YY, Chou WC, Liu CY, Lin CW, Chuang SS, Chen CY, Tseng MH, Huang CF, Chiang YC, Lee FY, Liu MC, Liu CW, Yao M, Huang SY, Ko BS, Hsu SC, Wu SJ, Tsay W, Chen YC, Tien HF. Clinical and prognostic implications of Roundabout 4 (robo4) in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119831. [PMID: 25794001 PMCID: PMC4368775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robo4 is involved in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell homeostasis and essential for tumor angiogenesis. Expression of Robo4 was recently found in solid tumors and leukemia stem cells. However, the clinical implications of Robo4 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. Methods We investigated the clinical and prognostic relevance of mRNA expression of Robo4 in bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells from 218 adult patients with de novo AML. We also performed immunohistochemical staining to assess the Robo4 protein expression in the BM biopsy specimens from 30 selected AML patients in the cohort. Results Higher Robo4 expression was closely associated with lower white blood cell counts, expression of HLA-DR, CD13, CD34 and CD56 on leukemia cells, t(8;21) and ASXL1 mutation, but negatively correlated with t(15;17) and CEBPA mutation. Compared to patients with lower Robo4 expression, those with higher expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). This result was confirmed in an independent validation cohort. Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that higher Robo4 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS and OS in total cohort and patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics, irrespective of age, WBC count, karyotype, and mutation status of NPM1/FLT3-ITD, and CEBPA. Conclusions BM Robo4 expression can serve as a new biomarker to predict clinical outcomes in AML patients and Robo4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in patients with higher Robo4 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Karyotype
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Nucleophosmin
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Remission Induction
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kai Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Luh Tang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yang Jhuang
- Department of Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Lai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Biostatistics Consulting Laboratory, Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Tseng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fei Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chiang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woei Tsay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zileuton, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, acts as a chemopreventive agent in intestinal polyposis, by modulating polyp and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121402. [PMID: 25747113 PMCID: PMC4351892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leukotrienes and prostaglandins, products of arachidonic acid metabolism, sustain both systemic and lesion-localized inflammation. Tumor-associated Inflammation can also contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of developing colon cancer. The levels of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme for leukotrienes production, are increased in colon cancer specimens and colonic dysplastic lesions. Here we report that Zileuton, a specific 5-LO inhibitor, can prevent polyp formation by efficiently reducing the tumor-associated and systemic inflammation in APCΔ468 mice. Experimental Design In the current study, we inhibited 5-LO by dietary administration of Zileuton in the APCΔ468 mouse model of polyposis and analyzed the effect of in vivo 5-LO inhibition on tumor-associated and systemic inflammation. Results Zileuton-fed mice developed fewer polyps and displayed marked reduction in systemic and polyp-associated inflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immunity cells were reduced both in the lesions and systemically. As part of tumor-associated inflammation Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), product of 5-LO activity, is increased focally in human dysplastic lesions. The 5-LO enzymatic activity was reduced in the serum of Zileuton treated polyposis mice. Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary administration of 5-LO specific inhibitor in the polyposis mouse model decreases polyp burden, and suggests that Zileuton may be a potential chemo-preventive agent in patients that are high-risk of developing colon cancer.
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Shimizu K, Yukawa T, Okita R, Saisho S, Maeda A, Nojima Y, Nakata M. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is a prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:21. [PMID: 25888998 PMCID: PMC4332968 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-014-0426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adjuvant chemotherapy after the resection of stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now the standard of care based on large-scale phase III trials and a meta-analysis. However, chemotherapy has plateaued in terms of its efficacy, and the search for treatment prediction biomarkers is imperative for the further identification of treatable subgroups. Therefore, we investigated the significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and the applicability of a Cox-2 inhibitor in patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of data from 97 patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy. The adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of an oral tegafur agent (OT) or platinum-based chemotherapy (PB). The criteria for regimen selection were based on a discussion among the cancer board and enrollment in a clinical trial. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for Cox-2 was performed, and the correlation between Cox-2 expression and disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated. Results IHC showed that 56 cases (57.7%) were positive for Cox-2. The rate of Cox-2 expression was similar for the PB and OT groups. Among the patients who received PB, the DFS of the patients with Cox-2 expression was significantly poorer than that of the patients without Cox-2 expression (P = 0.017), but there was no significant difference among the patients who received OT (P = 0.617). In a multivariate analysis, Cox-2 expression and lymph node metastasis were independent predictors of DFS among patients who received PB. Conclusions Cox-2 expression was a powerful predictor of DFS among patients who received PB as an adjuvant chemotherapy. Further study investigating the use of a Cox-2 inhibitor for adjuvant chemotherapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Takuro Yukawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Ai Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Yuji Nojima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
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A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, biomarker-selected, phase 2 study of apricoxib in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:577-82. [PMID: 24736085 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may promote resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. This randomized phase 2 trial evaluated apricoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor, in combination with erlotinib in biomarker-selected patients. Patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were randomized (2:1) to 400 mg/day apricoxib plus 150 mg/day erlotinib (AP/E) or placebo plus erlotinib (P/E) in 21-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP). A decrease of 50% or more from baseline urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite after a 5-day, open-label, run-in period was used to select eligible patients. One hundred twenty patients (median age 64 years) were randomized (78 to AP/E and 42 to P/E). Overall median TTP was 1.8 months in the AP/E group and 2.1 months in the P/E group, with a 12% objective response rate in both groups (intent-to-treat analysis). A subgroup analysis in patients aged 65 years or younger demonstrated a statistically significant TTP benefit for AP/E (hazard ratio 0.5 [95% confidence interval: not applicable-0.9]; p=0.018) and overall survival advantage at minimum 1-year follow-up (median 12.2 versus 4.0 months; hazard ratio=0.5; p=0.021). The most common adverse events were rash, diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea. Toxicity contributed to early discontinuations in patients aged more than 65 years treated with AP/E. This is the first randomized placebo-controlled study of a COX-2 inhibitor in NSCLC to use a prospective patient-selection strategy. Although AP/E seemed to improve TTP and overall survival in a subset of patients aged 65 years or younger, the primary endpoint of the trial was not met.
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Murray M, Hraiki A, Bebawy M, Pazderka C, Rawling T. Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:109-28. [PMID: 25603423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipids have the potential for development as anticancer agents. Endogenous membrane lipids, such as ceramides and certain saturated fatty acids, have been found to modulate the viability of tumor cells. In addition, many tumors over-express cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or cytochrome P450 enzymes that mediate the biotransformation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to potent eicosanoid regulators of tumor cell proliferation and cell death. In contrast, several analogous products from the biotransformation of ω-3 PUFAs impair particular tumorigenic pathways. For example, the ω-3 17,18-epoxide of eicosapentaenoic acid activates anti-proliferative and proapoptotic signaling cascades in tumor cells and the lipoxygenase-derived resolvins are effective inhibitors of inflammatory pathways that may drive tumor expansion. However, the development of potential anti-cancer drugs based on these molecules is complex, with in vivo stability a major issue. Nevertheless, recent successes with the antitumor alkyl phospholipids, which are synthetic analogues of naturally-occurring membrane phospholipid esters, have provided the impetus for development of further molecules. The alkyl phospholipids have been tested against a range of cancers and show considerable activity against skin cancers and certain leukemias. Very recently, it has been shown that combination strategies, in which alkyl phospholipids are used in conjunction with established anticancer agents, are promising new therapeutic approaches. In future, the evaluation of new lipid-based molecules in single-agent and combination treatments may also be assessed. This could provide a range of important treatment options in the management of advanced and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Adam Hraiki
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Curtis Pazderka
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Porębska I, Kosacka M, Sobańska E, Wyrodek E, Jankowska R. Comparative Expression of Apoptotic Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 873:101-7. [PMID: 26022894 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still an oncology challenge. A 5-year survival reaches less than 20 % of patients. Apoptosis disturbances are a key step in cancer development. The evaluation of apoptosis markers has a great potential in lung cancer. The goal of our study was a comparative evaluation of apoptosis regulators: p53, Bcl-2, Bax, COX-2, and survivin in lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We also evaluated the relationship between apoptosis markers and clinicopathological parameters. Fifty six patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included into the study (20 women and 36 men). AC was diagnosed in 30 and SCC in 26 cases. The evaluation of markers was performed using an immunohistochemical method on paraffin embedded tissue specimens. We used monoclonal antibodies for p53, bcl-2, and COX2-proteins (clone DO7, bcl-2/100/D5, and 4H12, respectively), Bax (B-9 clone) and survivin (clone 12C4). The results of immunostaining were viewed by light microscopy. We revealed significantly more frequent expression of Bax and survivin in lung AC than SCC (p < 0.01 and p < 0.019). Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was seen more often in AC without lymph node metastases than with metastases (p = 0.046). There was no correlation between the apoptosis markers and gender or the presence of vessel emboli. A greater variability in markers expression was seen in lung AC than SCC. There were significant differences in the Bax and survivin expression in the two major pathological types of NSCLC. We did not revealed any correlation between the markers and TNM characteristics, accept for Bcl-2 presence along with the lymph node involvement in the AC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Porębska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, 105 Grabiszyńska St., 53-439, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - M Kosacka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, 105 Grabiszyńska St., 53-439, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Sobańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Wyrodek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - R Jankowska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, 105 Grabiszyńska St., 53-439, Wroclaw, Poland
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HIĽOVSKÁ LUCIA, JENDŽELOVSKÝ RASTISLAV, FEDOROČKO PETER. Potency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chemotherapy. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:3-12. [PMID: 25469262 PMCID: PMC4251142 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance, particularly multidrug resistance (MDR), is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. A number of mechanisms involved in the development of MDR have been described, including the overexpression of ATP-dependent membrane-bound transport proteins. The enhanced expression of these proteins, referred to as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, results in an increased cellular efflux of the cytotoxic drug, thereby reducing its intracellular concentration to an ineffective level. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently consumed drugs worldwide. NSAIDs are mainly used to treat pain, fever and inflammation. Numerous studies suggest that NSAIDs also show promise as anticancer drugs. NSAIDs have been shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation, motility, angiogenesis and invasiveness. In addition to these effects, NSAIDs have been shown to induce apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer types. Moreover, several studies have indicated that NSAIDs may sensitise cancer cells to the antiproliferative effects of cytotoxic drugs by modulating ABC transporter activity. Therefore, combining specific NSAIDs with chemotherapeutic drugs may have clinical applications. Such treatments may allow for the use of a lower dose of cytotoxic drugs and may also enhance the effectiveness of therapy. The objective of this review was to discuss the possible role of NSAIDs in the modulation of antitumour drug cytotoxicity. We particularly emphasised on the use of COX-2 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the alterations in outcome that occur in response to this combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- LUCIA HIĽOVSKÁ
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - RASTISLAV JENDŽELOVSKÝ
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - PETER FEDOROČKO
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Edelman MJ, Tan MT, Fidler MJ, Sanborn RE, Otterson G, Sequist LV, Evans TL, Schneider BJ, Keresztes R, Rogers JS, de Mayolo JA, Feliciano J, Yang Y, Medeiros M, Zaknoen SL. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase II study of the efficacy and safety of apricoxib in combination with either docetaxel or pemetrexed in patients with biomarker-selected non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 33:189-94. [PMID: 25452446 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Overexpression of COX-2 correlates with advanced stage and worse outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), possibly as a result of elevated levels of COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Exploratory analyses of studies that used COX-2 inhibitors have demonstrated potentially superior outcome in patients in whom the urinary metabolite of PGE2 (PGE-M) is suppressed. We hypothesized that patients with disease defined by PGE-M suppression would benefit from the addition of apricoxib to second-line docetaxel or pemetrexed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with NSCLC who had disease progression after one line of platinum-based therapy, performance status of 0 to 2, and normal organ function were potentially eligible. Only patients with a ≥ 50% decrease in urinary PGE-M after 5 days of treatment with apricoxib could enroll. Docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) or pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) once every 21 days per the investigator was administered with apricoxib or placebo 400 mg once per day. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Exploratory analysis was performed regarding baseline urinary PGE-M and outcomes. RESULTS In all, 101 patients completed screening, and 72 of the 80 who demonstrated ≥ 50% suppression were randomly assigned to apricoxib or placebo. Toxicity was similar between the arms. No improvement in PFS was seen with apricoxib versus placebo. The median PFS for the control arm was 97 days (95% CI, 52 to 193 days) versus 85 days (95% CI, 67 to 142 days) for the experimental arm (P = .91). CONCLUSION Apricoxib did not improve PFS, despite biomarker-driven patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Edelman
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA.
| | - Ming T Tan
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Mary J Fidler
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Rachel E Sanborn
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Greg Otterson
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Tracey L Evans
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Bryan J Schneider
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Roger Keresztes
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - John S Rogers
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Jorge Antunez de Mayolo
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Josephine Feliciano
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Yang Yang
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Michelle Medeiros
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
| | - Sara L Zaknoen
- Martin J. Edelman, Josephine Feliciano, Yang Yang, and Michelle Medeiros, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Ming T. Tan, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Mary J. Fidler, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Rachel E. Sanborn, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR; Greg Otterson, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Lecia V. Sequist, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tracey L. Evans, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Bryan J. Schneider, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City; Roger Keresztes, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY; John S. Rogers, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Jorge Antunez de Mayolo, Mercy Research Institute, Miami, FL; and Sara L. Zaknoen, Tragara, San Diego, CA
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Shimizu K, Maeda A, Yukawa T, Nojima Y, Saisho S, Okita R, Nakata M. Difference in prognostic values of maximal standardized uptake value on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and cyclooxygenase-2 expression between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:343. [PMID: 25392182 PMCID: PMC4254182 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for primary tumors is correlated with clinicopathological and prognostic factors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, previous investigations have discussed the role of SUVmax without distinguishing among the histological subtypes of lung cancer. Herein, we investigated the correlations among the SUVmax on FDG-PET, clinicopathological or prognostic factors, and the expression of tumor angiogenic biomarkers according to histological subtypes. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of data from 52 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 32 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) measuring less than 3 cm in diameter. Immunohistochemical staining for cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), Ki-67, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which might influence cancer progression, was performed and the correlations between the expressions of these biomarkers and the SUVmax were evaluated. Results Among ADC patients, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the SUVmax and the major clinicopathological factors; among SQC patients, however, no statistically significant association was observed. The disease-free survival (DFS) period of the ADC patients with a high SUVmax was significantly poorer than that of the patients with a low SUVmax, but the DFS of the SQC patients with a high SUVmax was not significantly poorer. In a multivariate analysis, the pathological stage and the SUVmax were independent prognostic factors of the DFS among the ADC patients. Among the SQC patients, however, only Cox-2 expression was an independent prognostic factor of DFS. Conclusions Some clear differences in prognostic values of the SUVmax on FDG-PET and Cox-2 expression exist between patients with ADC and those with SQC. Based on these relationships between the SUVmax and clinicopathological or biological factors that influence cancer progression, the importance of the SUVmax appears to be quite different for patients with ADC and those with SQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
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Prognostic impact of COX-2 in non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive compartment-specific evaluation of tumor and stromal cell expression. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:837-45. [PMID: 25449785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that has been extensively investigated as a prognostic marker in cancer. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previous results regarding the prognostic impact of COX-2 expression are inconsistent. Therefore we evaluated the association between transcript levels and overall survival in nine publicly available gene expression data sets (total n = 1337) and determined in situ compartment-specific tumor and stromal cell protein expression in two independent cohorts (n = 616). Gene expression did not show any correlation with clinical parameters or with overall survival. Protein expression in tumor and stromal cells did not correlate with any clinical parameter or with overall survival in one of the analyzed cohorts, while a significant association of high stromal expression with longer survival was observed in both univariate and multivariate analysis in the other cohort. Stromal expression of COX-2 has not been separately evaluated in NSCLC previously and may be a subject of further investigation, whereas the presented findings from this comprehensive compartment specific evaluation clearly reject the hypothesis of COX-2 tumor cell expression having a prognostic value in NSCLC.
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Yukawa T, Shimizu K, Maeda A, Yasuda K, Saisho S, Okita R, Nakata M. Cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variants influence intratumoral infiltration of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:74-80. [PMID: 25338928 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of primary tumors has been reported to be a prognostic factor. We previously reported that the tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell (Treg) count was positively correlated with the intratumoral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression level and was associated with a poor survival among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COX-2 gene have been identified, and these SNPs may contribute to differential gene expression and enzyme activity levels. However, whether COX-2 genetic variants influence the functions of COX-2 in NSCLC remains unclear. Eighty NSCLC patients who underwent a complete resection at our institute were enrolled. We extracted DNA from the peripheral blood and identified five different COX-2 SNPs. The correlations between the COX-2 SNPs and the expression levels of COX-2, Tregs and Ki-67 were studied. The prognostic significance of the COX-2 SNPs was also evaluated. COX-2 SNPs were not correlated with the expression of COX-2. However, for the COX-2 -1195G/A polymorphism, the AA genotype group had a significantly higher Treg score. Furthermore, the AA group had a significantly higher Treg score regardless of the COX-2 expression level. The COX-2 -1195AA genotype group tended to have a shorter disease-free survival period than the GA/GG group. In conclusion, the COX-2 -1195G/A polymorphism influences the infiltration of Tregs into NSCLC, and the COX-2 SNP factor may be a prognostic factor reflecting Treg infiltration in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Yukawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ai Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yasuda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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Liu L, Zhou F, Ren S, Chen X, Li X, Li W, Zhou C. Prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2014; 12:e339-46. [PMID: 25131817 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in cell apoptosis, angiogenesis and tumor invasion, and over-expression of COX-2 is associated with tumor development and occurrence. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 190 patients with IIIB or IV NSCLC who received platinum-based chemotherapy were recruited in this study. Four functional COX-2 polymorphisms, including rs689465, rs689466, rs3218625 and rs20417, were genotyped by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to compare survival by different genotypes. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independently significant variables. RESULTS The rs689465 AA genotype was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS) (13.0 months vs 8.8 months, P = 0.019 for log-rank test; hazard ratio [HR] 0.624; 95% confidence internal [CI] 0.418-0.931) and progression-free survival (5.3 months vs 4.0 months, P = 0.018 for log-rank test; HR 0.627; 95% CI 0.421-0.934) compared with AG or GG genotype, especially in patients with adenocarcinoma (P = 0.002), performance status of 1 (P = 0.009) and stage IV disease (P = 0.012), and treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (P = 0.012). Multivariate regression analysis showed that COX-2 rs689465 polymorphism had a significantly independent prognostic value for OS (P = 0.017, HR = 1.637, 95% CI = 1.093-2.453). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that rs689465 polymorphism could be a prognostic biomarker for advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bhat IA, Rasool R, Qasim I, Masoodi KZ, Paul SA, Bhat BA, Ganaie FA, Aziz SA, Shah ZA. COX-2 overexpression and -8473 T/C polymorphism in 3' UTR in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11209-18. [PMID: 25113252 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new class of compounds targeting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) together with other different clinically used therapeutic strategies has recently shown a promise for the chemoprevention of several solid tumors including lung cancer. The aim was to study the possible role of COX-2 -8473 T/C NP and its expression in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. One hundred ninety non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 200 healthy age-, sex-, and smoking-matched controls were used for polymorphic analysis, and 48 histopathologically confirmed NSCLC patients were analyzed for COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression. Our results showed that the frequencies of variant genotypes 8473 CT/CC were significantly less common in the cases (30.0%) than in the controls (36%), suggesting that the 8473 C variant allele is related with lower susceptibility in NSCLC (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.54-1.4). However, the frequency of COX-2 -8473 TC and CC genotypes were significantly associated with age in NSCLC (P = 0.02). Quantitative real-time expression analysis showed a significant increase in the COX-2 mRNA in tumor tissues as compared to their adjacent normal tissues [delta cycle threshold (ΔCT) = 9.25 ± 4.67 vs 5.63 ± 3.85, P = 0.0001]. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the COX-2 expression was associated significantly with age (P = 0.044). Also, an increasing trend was observed in stages I and II and in female patients compared to stages III and IV and male patients, respectively, but no statistical significance was observed. However, COX-2 mRNA expression shown no association with the -8473 C variant allele. Our findings indicate that the COX-2 T8473C polymorphism may contribute to NSCLC cancer susceptibility in the Kashmiri population, while our expression analysis revealed a significant increase of COX-2 in tumor tissues as compared to their adjacent normal tissues, suggesting that it could become an important therapeutic marker in NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz A Bhat
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India,
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Yokouchi H, Kanazawa K, Ishida T, Oizumi S, Shinagawa N, Sukoh N, Harada M, Ogura S, Munakata M, Dosaka-Akita H, Isobe H, Nishimura M. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase II trial and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:744-750. [PMID: 25054040 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are efficient for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, two recent phase III clinical trials using COX-2 inhibitors in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy failed to demonstrate a survival benefit. Thus, validation and discussion regarding the usefulness of COX-2 inhibitors for patients with NSCLC are required. We conducted a prospective trial using COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of 50 NSCLC patients accrued between April, 2005 and July, 2006. Patients with untreated advanced NSCLC received oral meloxicam (150 mg daily), carboplatin (area under the curve = 5 mg/ml × min on day 1) and docetaxel (60 mg/m2 on day 1) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was response rate. The response and disease control rates were 36.0 and 76.0%, respectively. The time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were 5.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.6-6.7] and 13.7 months (95% CI: 11.4-15.9), respectively. The 1-year survival ratio was 56.0%. Grade 3 neuropathy was observed in only 1 patient. We performed tumor immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and p27 and investigated the correlation between their expression and clinical outcome. COX-2 expression in the tumor tended to correlate with a higher response rate (50.0% in the high- and 18.2% in the low-COX-2 group; P=0.092). Based on our results and previous reports, various trial designs, such as the prospective use of COX-2 inhibitors only for patients with COX-2-positive NSCLC, including the exploratory analysis of biomarkers associated with the COX-2 pathway, may be worth further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokouchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan ; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kenya Kanazawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oizumi
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shinagawa
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sukoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0804, Japan
| | - Masao Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0804, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Munakata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Isobe
- Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0931, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
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Petta T, Secatto A, Faccioli LH, Moraes LAB. Inhibition of inflammatory response in LPS-induced macrophages by 9-KOTE and 13-KOTE produced by biotransformation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 58-59:36-43. [PMID: 24731823 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediators such as the leukotrienes, resolvins and protectins have been considered excellent models for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs, due to their high potentiality. Nevertheless, only tiny amounts are available from natural sources and they have to be prepared by total synthesis. It is known that besides chemical reagents, microorganisms can also promote fatty acid oxygenation, via enzymatic reactions. In this context, the aim of this work was to produce oxylipids analogues in structure to lipid mediators employing microbial biotransformation. To this end, α-linolenic acid (ALA) was biotransformed by the fungi Aspergillus niger into oxylipids with different levels of oxygenation within 24h or 48h. The anti-inflammatory potential of products were evaluated by means of NO and TNF-α quantification in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell line which guided the isolation of the regioisomers at m/z [M-H](-) 291, 9-keto-10E,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid (9-KOTE) and 13-keto-9Z,11E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid (13-KOTE). We showed that biotransformation represents a powerful strategy for the production of potentially interesting candidates for development of anti-inflammation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Petta
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Secatto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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75
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Fujii R, Imanishi Y, Shibata K, Sakai N, Sakamoto K, Shigetomi S, Habu N, Otsuka K, Sato Y, Watanabe Y, Ozawa H, Tomita T, Kameyama K, Fujii M, Ogawa K. Restoration of E-cadherin expression by selective Cox-2 inhibition and the clinical relevance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:40. [PMID: 24887090 PMCID: PMC4030015 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by the downregulation of E-cadherin has been thought to promote metastasis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is presumed to contribute to cancer progression through its multifaceted function, and recently its inverse relationship with E-cadherin was suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selective Cox-2 inhibitors restore the expression of E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and to examine the possible correlations of the expression levels of EMT-related molecules with clinicopathological factors in HNSCC. METHODS We used quantitative real-time PCR to examine the effects of three selective Cox-2 inhibitors, i.e., celecoxib, NS-398, and SC-791 on the gene expressions of E-cadherin (CDH-1) and its transcriptional repressors (SIP1, Snail, Twist) in the human HNSCC cell lines HSC-2 and HSC-4. To evaluate the changes in E-cadherin expression on the cell surface, we used a flowcytometer and immunofluorescent staining in addition to Western blotting. We evaluated and statistically analyzed the clinicopathological factors and mRNA expressions of Cox-2, CDH-1 and its repressors in surgical specimens of 40 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). RESULTS The selective Cox-2 inhibitors upregulated the E-cadherin expression on the cell surface of the HNSCC cells through the downregulation of its transcriptional repressors. The extent of this effect depended on the baseline expression levels of both E-cadherin and Cox-2 in each cell line. A univariate analysis showed that higher Cox-2 mRNA expression (p = 0.037), lower CDH-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.020), and advanced T-classification (p = 0.036) were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in TSCC. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower CDH-1 mRNA expression was the independent risk factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the appropriately selective administration of certain Cox-2 inhibitors may have an anti-metastatic effect through suppression of the EMT by restoring E-cadherin expression. In addition, the downregulation of CDH-1 resulting from the EMT may be closely involved in lymph node metastasis in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Thromboxane synthase expression and correlation with VEGF and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:747-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Exploring the statistical and clinical impact of two interim analyses on the Phase II design with option for direct assignment. Contemp Clin Trials 2014; 38:157-62. [PMID: 24768938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary goal of Phase II clinical trials is to understand better a treatment's safety and efficacy to inform a Phase III go/no-go decision. Many Phase II designs have been proposed, incorporating randomization, interim analyses, adaptation, and patient selection. The Phase II design with an option for direct assignment (i.e. stop randomization and assign all patients to the experimental arm based on a single interim analysis (IA) at 50% accrual) was recently proposed [An et al., 2012]. We discuss this design in the context of existing designs, and extend it from a single-IA to a two-IA design. METHODS We compared the statistical properties and clinical relevance of the direct assignment design with two IA (DAD-2) versus a balanced randomized design with two IA (BRD-2) and a direct assignment design with one IA (DAD-1), over a range of response rate ratios (2.0-3.0). RESULTS The DAD-2 has minimal loss in power (<2.2%) and minimal increase in T1ER (<1.6%) compared to a BRD-2. As many as 80% more patients were treated with experimental vs. control in the DAD-2 than with the BRD-2 (experimental vs. control ratio: 1.8 vs. 1.0), and as many as 64% more in the DAD-2 than with the DAD-1 (1.8 vs. 1.1). We illustrate the DAD-2 using a case study in lung cancer. CONCLUSION In the spectrum of Phase II designs, the direct assignment design, especially with two IA, provides a middle ground with desirable statistical properties and likely appeal to both clinicians and patients.
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Pacelli A, Greenman J, Cawthorne C, Smith G. Imaging COX-2 expression in cancer using PET/SPECT radioligands: current status and future directions. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:317-22. [PMID: 24470172 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as a driving force in early tumourigenesis and the current interest in the combination of COX-2 inhibitors with standard therapy in clinical trials creates an urgent need to establish clinically relevant diagnostic tests for COX-2 expression. Molecular imaging using small-molecule probes radiolabelled for both positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) offers the potential to meet this need, providing a minimally invasive readout for the whole disease burden. This review summarises current approaches to the radiolabelling of small-molecule COX-2 inhibitors and their analogues for PET and SPECT imaging, and gives an overview of their biological evaluation and likely success of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pacelli
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Abo El-Magd GH, Abd El-Fattah O, Saied EM. Immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa-B/p65 and cyclooxygenase-2 in non-small cell lung cancer patients: Prognostic value and impact on survival. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ramer R, Walther U, Borchert P, Laufer S, Linnebacher M, Hinz B. Induction but not inhibition of COX-2 confers human lung cancer cell apoptosis by celecoxib. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3116-29. [PMID: 23943857 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumorigenic mechanism of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib is still a matter of debate. Among different structurally related COX-2 inhibitors, only celecoxib was found to cause apoptosis and cell death of human lung cancer cells (IC₅₀ values of 19.96 µM [A549], 12.48 µM [H460], and 41.39 µM [H358]) that was paralleled by a time- and concentration-dependent upregulation of COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at mRNA and protein levels. Apoptotic death of celecoxib-treated cancer cells was suppressed by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and by siRNA targeting PPARγ and, surprisingly, also by the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 and siRNA targeting COX-2. NS-398 (1 µM) was shown to suppress celecoxib-induced COX-2 activity. Among the COX-2-dependent prostaglandins (PG) induced upon celecoxib treatment, PGD₂ and 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-PGJ₂ were found to induce a cytosol-to-nucleus translocation of PPARγ as well as a PPARγ-dependent apoptosis. Celecoxib-elicited PPARγ translocation was inhibited by NS-398. Finally, a COX-2- and PPARγ-dependent cytotoxic action of celecoxib was proven for primary human lung tumor cells. Together, our data demonstrate a proapoptotic mechanism of celecoxib involving initial upregulation of COX-2 and PPARγ and a subsequent nuclear translocation of PPARγ by COX-2-dependent PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ramer
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
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COX-2 expression and survival in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy and celecoxib: a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of RTOG C0128. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013; 23:176-83. [PMID: 23221733 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182791efc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to measure expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and CD34 in pretreatment tumor biopsies from patients on the RTOG C0128 phase II study, and to correlate expression of these biomarkers, using quantitative immunohistochemistry, with clinical outcome parameters. METHODS AND MATERIALS Pretreatment biopsies were placed into tissue microarrays. COX-2 and CD34 expression were measured using automated quantitative immunohistochemistry (AQUA®). Cox regression models and Fisher's exact test were used to explore associations between expression of the biomarkers and clinical end points. RESULTS Eighty-four patients were accrued between 2001 and 2004; 78 were eligible and analyzable. Pathology specimen submission was optional; COX-2 expression was determined for 37 (47%) of patients, and CD34 scoring was determined for 34 (44%) of patients. Median follow-up was 44.5 months. In tumors where COX-2 data were available, 6 (16%) of 37 patients had local-regional failure; 4 of these patients had tumors with COX-2 scores below the AQUA® score median (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-2.16; P = 0.28). Of the 8 patients with disease-free survival failures, 5 had tumors with COX-2 levels below the median (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-2.04; P = 0.32). The 4 patients who died all had COX-2 levels below the median value. COX-2 levels below the median were associated with worse 2-year survival (Fisher's P = 0.046). There was no statistically significant association between CD34 status and clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Low COX-2 expression measured by AQUA® was associated with worse overall survival in this subset of patients available for analysis from RTOG C0128. Application of AQUA® technology, in a larger study, will be required to definitively evaluate the association COX-2 with clinical outcome in cervical cancer.
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Zhou F, Gao G, Ren S, Li X, He Y, Zhou C. The association between COX-2 polymorphisms and hematologic toxicity in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61585. [PMID: 23620771 PMCID: PMC3631232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Overexpression of COX-2 is proved to contribute to tumor promotion and carcinogenesis through stimulating cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing the invasiveness of cancer cells. Apoptosis-related molecules are potential predictive markers for survival and toxicity in platinum treatment. This study aimed at investigating the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and the occurrence of grade 3 or 4 toxicity in advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Two hundred and twelve patients with inoperable stage IIIB-IV NSCLC received first-line chemotherapy between 2007 and 2009 were recruited in this study. Four functional COX-2 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Results The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was significantly higher in G allele carriers of the COX-2 rs689466 (−1195G/A) polymorphism compared with wild-type homozygotes AA (P value = 0.008; odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence internal, 1.26–4.84) and the significance still existed after the Bonferroni correction. Statistically significant difference was also found in grade 3 or 4 leukopenia (P value = 0.010; OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.28–6.20). No other significant association was observed between genotype and toxicity in the study. The haplotype analysis showed that the haplotype AGG was associated with a reduced risk of grade 3 or 4 hematologic and leukopenia toxicity (P value = 0.009; OR = 0.59; 95%CI = 0.39–0.88 and P value = 0.025; OR = 0.61; 95%CI = 0.39–0.94, respectively) while the haplotype GGG was associated with an increased risk of grade 3 or 4 hematologic and leukopenia toxicity (P value = 0.009; OR = 1.71; 95%CI = 1.14–2.56 and P value = 0.025; OR = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.06–2.57, respectively). Conclusion This investigation for the first time suggested that polymorphism in COX-2 rs689466 may be a potent bio-marker in predicting severe hematologic toxicity in NSCLC patients after platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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83
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Cekanova M, Uddin MJ, Bartges JW, Callens A, Legendre AM, Rathore K, Wright L, Carter A, Marnett LJ. Molecular imaging of cyclooxygenase-2 in canine transitional cell carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:466-76. [PMID: 23531445 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme COX-2 is induced at high levels in tumors but not in surrounding normal tissues, which makes it an attractive target for molecular imaging of cancer. We evaluated the ability of novel optical imaging agent, fluorocoxib A to detect urinary bladder canine transitional cell carcinomas (K9TCC). Here, we show that fluorocoxib A uptake overlapped with COX-2 expression in primary K9TCC cells in vitro. Using subcutaneously implanted primary K9TCC in athymic mice, we show specific uptake of fluorocoxib A by COX-2-expressing K9TCC xenograft tumors in vivo. Fluorocoxib A uptake by COX-2-expressing xenograft tumors was blocked by 70% (P < 0.005) when pretreated with the COX-2 selective inhibitor, celecoxib (10 mg/kg), 4 hours before intravenous administration of fluorocoxib A (1 mg/kg). Fluorocoxib A was taken up by COX-2-expressing tumors but not by COX-2-negative human UMUC-3 xenograft tumors. UMUC-3 xenograft tumors with no expression of COX-2 showed no uptake of fluorocoxib A. In addition, fluorocoxib A uptake was evaluated in five dogs diagnosed with TCC. Fluorocoxib A specifically detected COX-2-expressing K9TCC during cystoscopy in vivo but was not detected in normal urothelium. Taken together, our findings show that fluorocoxib A selectively bound to COX-2-expressing primary K9TCC cells in vitro, COX-2-expressing K9TCC xenografts tumors in nude mice, and heterogeneous canine TCC during cystoscopy in vivo. Spontaneous cancers in companion animals offer a unique translational model for evaluation of novel imaging and therapeutic agents using primary cancer cells in vitro and in heterogeneous cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cekanova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive A122, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Prediagnostic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and lung cancer survival in the VITAL study. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 7:1503-12. [PMID: 22982651 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182641bdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is important for lung oncogenesis. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to improve colorectal cancer survival. However, few studies have examined the association in lung cancer patients. METHODS The VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort includes Washington State residents, aged 50 to 76 years, who completed a baseline questionnaire between 2000 and 2002. Participants responded on the frequency and duration of use of individual NSAIDs in the previous 10 years. Subjects of this study were 785 members of the cohort, who were identified with incident lung cancer from baseline through 2007 through linkage to a population-based cancer registry. Participants were followed for lung cancer death through linkage to state records of death through 2009. Adjusted proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between NSAIDs and lung cancer death. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-two participants (66%) died from lung cancer. Relative to nonuse, high (≥ 4 days/week and ≥ 4 years) prediagnostic use of regular-strength or low-dose aspirin (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.74-1.33 and HR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.67-1.17, respectively) or total nonaspirin NSAIDs (HR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.79-1.83) did not reduce lung cancer death. However, high use of ibuprofen was associated with a 62% increased risk of lung cancer death (HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.58). CONCLUSIONS Long-term, prediagnostic NSAID use does not improve lung cancer survival overall. Use of ibuprofen may reduce survival from lung cancer. Our results underscore the need for further study of the mechanisms of action for individual NSAIDs with regard to cancer survival.
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85
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Jiang H, Wang J, Zhao W. Cox-2 in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 419:26-32. [PMID: 23384501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) for survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of literature to aggregate the available survival results, using studies published in English until June 2012. Eligible studies dealt with COX-2 protein assessment in NSCLC patients on primary lesions and reported survival data according to COX-2 expression. RESULTS Nineteen trials, comprising 2651 patients, provided sufficient information for the meta-analysis. Overall combined hazard ratio (HR) was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.58-2.20); it was calculated using a random-effects model, and associates high COX-2 expression with poor survival in all NSCLC patients. Aggregate survival data showed poor survival for patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell cancer (SCC) and Stage I NSCLC with high COX-2 expression, at 2.00 (95% CI: 1.38-2.88), 2.29 (95% CI: 1.58-3.33) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.31-2.91) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows that the COX-2 expression status is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC, and this tendency applies to SCC, ADC and stage I NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, PR China.
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86
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Yang P, Cartwright C, Chan D, Ding J, Felix E, Pan Y, Pang J, Rhea P, Block K, Fischer SM, Newman RA. Anticancer activity of fish oils against human lung cancer is associated with changes in formation of PGE2 and PGE3 and alteration of Akt phosphorylation. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:566-77. [PMID: 23371504 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids are believed to be due in part to selective alteration of arachidonate metabolism that involves cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Here we investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 (COX-2 over-expressing) and H1299 (COX-2 null) cells as well as their xenograft models. While EPA inhibited 50% of proliferation of A549 cells at 6.05 µM, almost 80 µM of EPA was needed to reach similar levels of inhibition of H1299 cells. The formation of prostaglandin (PG)E3 in A549 cells was almost threefold higher than that of H1299 cells when these cells were treated with EPA (25 µM). Intriguingly, when COX-2 expression was reduced by siRNA or shRNA in A549 cells, the antiproliferative activity of EPA was reduced substantially compared to that of control siRNA or shRNA transfected A549 cells. In line with this, dietary menhaden oil significantly inhibited the growth of A549 tumors by reducing tumor weight by 58.8 ± 7.4%. In contrast, a similar diet did not suppress the development of H1299 xenograft. Interestingly, the ratio of PGE3 to PGE2 in A549 was about 0.16 versus only 0.06 in H1299 xenograft tissues. Furthermore, PGE2 up-regulated expression of pAkt, whereas PGE3 downregulated expression of pAkt in A549 cells. Taken together, the results of our study suggest that the ability of EPA to generate PGE3 through the COX-2 enzyme might be critical for EPA-mediated tumor growth inhibition which is at least partly due to down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation by PGE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Schilsky RL. Publicly funded clinical trials and the future of cancer care. Oncologist 2013; 18:232-8. [PMID: 23363807 PMCID: PMC3579608 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Publicly sponsored trials, conducted primarily by cooperative groups sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, and commercially sponsored trials are necessary to create new knowledge, improve the care of oncology patients, and develop new drugs and devices. Commercial sponsors launch clinical trials that will result in drug approval, label extension, expansion of market share, and an increase in shareholder value. Conversely, publicly sponsored trials seek to optimize therapy for a particular disease, create new knowledge, and improve public health; these trials can also result in label extension of a drug and even in initial drug approval. Publicly sponsored trials may combine and/or compare drugs developed by different commercial sponsors, develop multimodality therapies (e.g., the combination of chemotherapy and radiation), or develop novel treatment schedules or routes of drug administration (e.g., intraperitoneal chemotherapy). Publicly sponsored trials are more likely to focus on therapies for rare diseases and to study survivorship and quality of life; these areas may not be a priority for commercial entities. Screening and prevention strategies have been developed almost exclusively by the public sector given the large sample size and long follow-up period needed to complete the trial and, therefore, the lack of short-term commercial gain. Finally, given the public nature of the funding, clinical investigators are expected to publish their results even if the outcomes are unfavorable for the investigational therapy. With the ongoing reorganization of the cooperative groups to form a national clinical trials network, opportunities exist to create a robust platform for biomarker discovery and validation through the expanded collection of well-annotated biospecimens obtained from clinical trial participants. Thus, publicly funded trials are vital to developing and refining new cancer treatments and disseminating results to the medical community and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Schilsky
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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88
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Wang ZL, Fan ZQ, Jiang HD, Qu JM. Selective Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer cells via activating MEK-ERK signaling. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:638-46. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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89
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Cekanova M, Uddin MJ, Legendre AM, Galyon G, Bartges JW, Callens A, Martin-Jimenez T, Marnett LJ. Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation of fluorocoxib A: pilot study of novel cyclooxygenase-2-targeted optical imaging agent in a canine model. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:116002. [PMID: 23117797 PMCID: PMC3484194 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.11.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated preclinical single-dose safety, pharmacokinetic properties, and specific uptake of the new optical imaging agent fluorocoxib A in dogs. Fluorocoxib A, N-[(5-carboxy-X-rhodaminyl)but-4-yl]-2-[1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetamide, selectively binds and inhibits the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, which is overexpressed in many cancers. Safety pilot studies were performed in research dogs following intravenous (i.v.) administration of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg fluorocoxib A. Blood and urine samples collected three days after administration of each dose of fluorocoxib A revealed no evidence of toxicity, and no clinically relevant adverse events were noted on physical examination of exposed dogs over that time period. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed in additional research dogs from plasma collected at several time points after i.v. administration of fluorocoxib A using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The pharmacokinetic studies using 1 mg/kg showed a peak of fluorocoxib A (92±28 ng/ml) in plasma collected at 0.5 h. Tumor specific uptake of fluorocoxib A was demonstrated using a dog diagnosed with colorectal cancer expressing COX-2. Our data support the safe single-dose administration and in vivo efficacy of fluorocoxib A, suggesting a high potential for successful translation to clinical use as an imaging agent for improved tumor detection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cekanova
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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90
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Reyners AKL, de Munck L, Erdkamp FLG, Smit WM, Hoekman K, Lalisang RI, de Graaf H, Wymenga ANM, Polee M, Hollema H, van Vugt MATM, Schaapveld M, Willemse PHB. A randomized phase II study investigating the addition of the specific COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib to docetaxel plus carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy for stage IC to IV epithelial ovarian cancer, Fallopian tube or primary peritoneal carcinomas: the DoCaCel study. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2896-2902. [PMID: 22689176 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is prognostic for poor survival. We investigated the efficacy of celecoxib (C), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, added to docetaxel (Taxotere)/carboplatin (DC) in advanced ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase II, randomized study, 400 mg celecoxib b.i.d. was added to first-line DC treatment (DCC). Celecoxib was to be continued after DC termination up to 3 years. Study end points were tolerability, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS 151 of 196 eligible patients were diagnosed with stage IIIC/IV disease. Median follow-up for patients alive was 32.3 months. Celecoxib was used during a mean of 8.5 months. Twenty-three of 97 DCC patients stopped celecoxib prematurely, mainly due to skin reactions. Complete biochemical response was achieved in 51/78 DC patients (65%) versus 57/78 DCC patients (75%, not significant). In both study arms, median PFS was 14.3 months and median OS 34 months. COX-2 was expressed in 82% of 120 tumor samples retrospectively recovered. The PFS and OS of patients with intermediate/high COX-2 expression were similar to that in the other patients. CONCLUSION Celecoxib did not influence PFS and OS, but interpretation of results is hampered by premature celecoxib discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K L Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen.
| | - L de Munck
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht
| | - F L G Erdkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Orbis Medical Center, Sittard
| | - W M Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede
| | - K Hoekman
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - R I Lalisang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Maastricht
| | - H de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden
| | - A N M Wymenga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede
| | - M Polee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden
| | - H Hollema
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen
| | - M A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen
| | - M Schaapveld
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H B Willemse
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen
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91
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Wang X, Ma J, George S, Zhou H. Estimation of AUC or Partial AUC under Test-Result-Dependent Sampling. Stat Biopharm Res 2012; 4:313-323. [PMID: 23393612 DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2012.692514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and partial area under the ROC curve (pAUC) are summary measures used to assess the accuracy of a biomarker in discriminating true disease status. The standard sampling approach used in biomarker validation studies is often inefficient and costly, especially when ascertaining the true disease status is costly and invasive. To improve efficiency and reduce the cost of biomarker validation studies, we consider a test-result-dependent sampling (TDS) scheme, in which subject selection for determining the disease state is dependent on the result of a biomarker assay. We first estimate the test-result distribution using data arising from the TDS design. With the estimated empirical test-result distribution, we propose consistent nonparametric estimators for AUC and pAUC and establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimators have good finite sample properties and that the TDS design yields more efficient AUC and pAUC estimates than a simple random sampling (SRS) design. A data example based on an ongoing cancer clinical trial is provided to illustrate the TDS design and the proposed estimators. This work can find broad applications in design and analysis of biomarker validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 2717, Durham, N.C. 27710, U.S.A
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Kirane A, Toombs JE, Ostapoff K, Carbon JG, Zaknoen S, Braunfeld J, Schwarz RE, Burrows FJ, Brekken RA. Apricoxib, a novel inhibitor of COX-2, markedly improves standard therapy response in molecularly defined models of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5031-42. [PMID: 22829202 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE COX-2 is expressed highly in pancreatic cancer and implicated in tumor progression. COX-2 inhibition can reduce tumor growth and augment therapy. The precise function of COX-2 in tumors remains poorly understood, but it is implicated in tumor angiogenesis, evasion of apoptosis, and induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current therapeutic regimens for pancreatic cancer are minimally effective, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report that apricoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor in phase II clinical trials, significantly enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine/erlotinib in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human pancreatic cell lines were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for response to apricoxib ± standard-of-care therapy (gemcitabine + erlotinib). Tumor tissue underwent posttreatment analysis for cell proliferation, viability, and EMT phenotype. Vascular parameters were also determined. RESULTS COX-2 inhibition reduced the IC(50) of gemcitabine ± erlotinib in six pancreatic cancer cell lines tested in vitro. Furthermore, apricoxib increased the antitumor efficacy of standard combination therapy in several orthotopic xenograft models. In vivo apricoxib combination therapy was only effective at reducing tumor growth and metastasis in tumors with elevated COX-2 activity. In each model examined, treatment with apricoxib resulted in vascular normalization without a decrease in microvessel density and promotion of an epithelial phenotype by tumor cells regardless of basal COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Apricoxib robustly reverses EMT and augments standard therapy without reducing microvessel density and warrants further clinical evaluation in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kirane
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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93
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Abstract
The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is often used to evaluate the performance of a biomarker measured on continuous scale to predict the disease status or a clinical condition. Motivated by the need for novel study designs with better estimation efficiency and reduced study cost, we consider a biased sampling scheme that consists of a SRC and a supplemental TDC. Using this approach, investigators can oversample or undersample subjects falling into certain regions of the biomarker measure, yielding improved precision for the estimation of the ROC curve with a fixed sample size. Test-result-dependent sampling will introduce bias in estimating the predictive accuracy of the biomarker if standard ROC estimation methods are used. In this article, we discuss three approaches for analyzing data of a test-result-dependent structure with a special focus on the empirical likelihood method. We establish asymptotic properties of the empirical likelihood estimators for covariate-specific ROC curves and covariate-independent ROC curves and give their corresponding variance estimators. Simulation studies show that the empirical likelihood method yields good properties and is more efficient than alternative methods. Recommendations on number of regions, cutoff points, and subject allocation is made based on the simulation results. The proposed methods are illustrated with a data example based on an ongoing lung cancer clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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94
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Marnett LJ. Inflammation and cancer: chemical approaches to mechanisms, imaging, and treatment. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5224-38. [PMID: 22515568 PMCID: PMC3375764 DOI: 10.1021/jo300214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response represents a first line of defense against invading pathogens and is important to human health. Chronic inflammation contributes to the etiology of multiple diseases, especially those associated with aging, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. The chemistry of the inflammatory response is complex and involves the generation of highly reactive oxidants and electrophiles designed to kill the pathogen as well as the release of small molecule and protein mediators of intercellular signaling, chemotaxis, vasoconstriction, and wound-healing. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids--either nonenzymatic or enzymatic--contributes to the inflammatory response and associated cellular pathologies. The current perspective summarizes our research on unsaturated fatty acid oxidation in the context of inflammation and cancer. In addition to understanding the consequences of DNA and protein modification by lipid electrophiles, our research has focused on the development of molecularly targeted agents to image and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Marnett
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA.
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CYFRA 21-1 as a prognostic and predictive marker in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in a prospective trial: CALGB 150304. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:649-54. [PMID: 22425913 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31824a8db0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokeratin 19 and its soluble fragment CYFRA have been studied as markers that may be associated with response to therapy and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a prospective correlative study of Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30203, a randomized phase II trial of carboplatin/gemcitabine with eicosanoid modulators (celecoxib, zileuton, or both) in advanced NSCLC, serum CYFRA levels were obtained before and during treatment. METHODS Serum CYFRA levels were measured at baseline and after the first cycle of treatment using an electrochemoluminescent assay. Paired specimens were available from 88 patients. The logarithms of the initial concentration and of the difference in concentrations were analyzed for association with overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival (FFS). RESULTS Lower baseline CYFRA levels were associated with both longer OS and FFS (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003). In addition, larger reductions in CYFRA levels correlated with longer OS and FFS (p = 0.0255 and p = 0.0068). CONCLUSION CYFRA and change in CYFRA were found to be reliable markers for response to chemotherapy for NSCLC; however, a precise threshold to mark response has yet to be determined.
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Groen HJ, Dalesio O, Vincent A. Reply to M.J. Edelman et al. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.42.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Otila Dalesio
- Nederlandse Vereniging voor Artsen Longziekten en Tuberculose Data Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Vincent
- Nederlandse Vereniging voor Artsen Longziekten en Tuberculose Data Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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97
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Edelman MJ, Hodgson L, Wang X, Kratzke RA, Vokes EE. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a predictive marker for the use of COX-2 inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2019-20; author reply 2020. [PMID: 22473168 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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98
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Aldrich MB, Marshall MV, Sevick-Muraca EM, Lanza G, Kotyk J, Culver J, Wang LV, Uddin J, Crews BC, Marnett LJ, Liao JC, Contag C, Crawford JM, Wang K, Reisdorph B, Appelman H, Turgeon DK, Meyer C, Wang T. Seeing it through: translational validation of new medical imaging modalities. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:764-76. [PMID: 22574264 PMCID: PMC3345805 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging is an invaluable tool for diagnosis, surgical guidance, and assessment of treatment efficacy. The Network for Translational Research (NTR) for Optical Imaging consists of four research groups working to "bridge the gap" between lab discovery and clinical use of fluorescence- and photoacoustic-based imaging devices used with imaging biomarkers. While the groups are using different modalities, all the groups face similar challenges when attempting to validate these systems for FDA approval and, ultimately, clinical use. Validation steps taken, as well as future needs, are described here. The group hopes to provide translational validation guidance for itself, as well as other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B. Aldrich
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330-07, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Milton V. Marshall
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330-07, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eva M. Sevick-Muraca
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330-07, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Greg Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - John Kotyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph Culver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jashim Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 850 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 850 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 850 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph C. Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Clark Center, East Wing E150, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chris Contag
- Department of Pediatrics, Clark Center, East Wing E150, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James M. Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ College of Medicine, 10 Nevada Drive, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Ken Wang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bill Reisdorph
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC Building 400, #4023, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Henry Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - D. Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles Meyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tom Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Pribble P, Edelman MJ. EC145: a novel targeted agent for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:755-61. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.671294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pribble
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin J Edelman
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA ;
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100
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Wong CC, Cheng KW, Rigas B. Preclinical predictors of anticancer drug efficacy: critical assessment with emphasis on whether nanomolar potency should be required of candidate agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:572-8. [PMID: 22448039 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.191957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current paradigm of anticancer drug development, candidate compounds are evaluated by testing their in vitro potency against molecular targets relevant to carcinogenesis, their effect on cultured cancer cells, and their ability to inhibit cancer growth in animal models. We discuss the key assumptions inherent in these approaches. In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on selecting for development compounds with nanomolar in vitro potency, expecting that they will be efficacious and safer based on the assumption that they can be used at lower doses ("the nanomolar rule"). However, this rule ignores critical parameters affecting efficacy and toxicity such as physiochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties, off-target effects, and multitargeting activities. Thus, uncritical application of the nanomolar rule may reject efficacious compounds or select ineffective or toxic compounds. We present examples of efficacious chemotherapeutic (alkylating agents, hormonal agents, antimetabolites, thalidomide, and valproic acid) and chemopreventive (aspirin and sulindac) agents having millimolar potency and compounds with nanomolar potency (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors) that, nevertheless, failed or proved to be unsafe. The effect of candidate drugs on animal models of cancer is a better predictor of human drug efficacy; particularly useful are tumor xenografts. Given the cost of failure at clinical stages, it is imperative to keep in mind the limitations of the nanomolar rule and use relevant in vivo models early in drug discovery to prioritize candidates. Although in vivo models will continue having a major role in cancer drug development, more robust approaches that combine high predictive ability with simplicity and low cost should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wong
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8173, USA
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