51
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Karaman R. Prodrugs for masking bitter taste of antibacterial drugs--a computational approach. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2399-412. [PMID: 23420399 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of several maleamic acid amide derivatives revealed that the reaction rate-limiting step is determined on the nature of the amine leaving group. Further, it was established that when the amine leaving group was a secondary amine, acyclovir or cefuroxime moiety the tetrahedral intermediate formation was the rate-limiting step such as in the cases of acyclovir ProD 1- ProD 4 and cefuroxime ProD 1- ProD 4. In addition, the linear correlation between the calculated and experimental rates provided a credible basis for designing prodrugs for masking bitter taste of the corresponding parental drugs which have the potential to release the parent drug in a sustained release fashion. For example, based on the DFT calculated rates the predicted t₁/₂ (a time needed for 50 % of the reactant to be hydrolyzed to products) for cefuroxime prodrugs, cefuroxime ProD 1- ProD 4, were 12 min, 18 min, 200 min and 123 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Karaman
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Box 20002 Jerusalem, Palestine.
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52
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Stange U, Führling C, Gieseler H. Taste masking of naproxen sodium granules by fluid-bed coating. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:137-47. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.757784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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53
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Shah M, Pore Y, Dhawale S, Burade K, Kuchekar B. Physicochemical characterization of spray dried ternary micro-complexes of cefuroxime axetil with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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54
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Improvement of the bitter taste of drugs by complexation with cyclodextrins: applications, evaluations and mechanisms. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:633-44. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs having bitter tastes cause low patient compliance. Many taste-masking techniques such as physical barrier coatings, chemical modification and sensory masking have been developed. Among chemical modification, the inclusion complexation of drugs with cyclodextrins (CyDs) can provide the effective bitter taste-masking effects without complicated formulation and/or delayed dissolution of drugs. Herein, we describe some quantitative methods to evaluate the taste-masking effects of CyD complexes with drugs in solution and the solid state. In addition, we introduce the recent applications of CyDs to excipients for taste masking against various bitter-taste drugs, as well as discuss the possible mechanisms for the taste-masking effect of CyD complexation.
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55
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Loftsson T, Brewster ME. Cyclodextrins as functional excipients: methods to enhance complexation efficiency. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3019-32. [PMID: 22334484 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have gained currency as useful solubilizing excipients with an ever increasing list of beneficial properties and functionalities. Although their use in liquid dosage forms including oral and parenteral solutions is straightforward, their application to solids can be confounded by the added bulk that is contributed to the formulation. This factor has limited the use of cyclodextrin in tablets and relates systems mainly to potent drug substances. Increasing the ability of cyclodextrins to complex with drug through a manipulation of their complexation efficiency (CE) may expand the use of these materials to the increasing list of drug candidates and marketed drugs who may benefit from this technology. This brief review assesses tools and materials that have been suggested for increasing the CE for pharmaceutically useful cyclodextrins and drugs. The relative importance of impacting the drug solubility (S(0) ) and phase-solubility isotherm slope is discussed in the context of drug ionization and salt use; the impact of polymers, charge interactions, and charge shielding; and the coincidental formation of other complex types in the media. The influence of drug form as well as supersaturation is also discussed in the context of the responsible mechanisms along with aggregation, inclusion, and noninclusion complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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56
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Sugiura T, Uchida S, Namiki N. Taste-Masking Effect of Physical and Organoleptic Methods on Peppermint-Scented Orally Disintegrating Tablet of Famotidine Based on Suspension Spray-Coating Method. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:315-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sugiura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
- Research and Development Division, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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57
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Jagdale SC, Gawali VU, Kuchekar BS, Chabukswar AR. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of taste-masked oro-dispersible dosage form of diltiazem hydrochloride. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker generally indicated for the treatment of angina and hypertension, and it is extensively metabolized due to the hepatic metabolism. Formulation of diltiazem hydrochloride into an oro-dispersible dosage form can provide fast relief with higher bioavailability. The bitter taste of the drug should be masked to formulate it in a palatable form. In the present work, an attempt was made to mask the taste by complexation technique, with a formulation into an oro-dispersible dosage form, using superdisintegrants Doshion P544, crospovidone (CP) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG). The complexes of diltiazem hydrochloride with β-CD (1:1 molar ratio) were prepared by kneading, co-evaporation, co-grounding, freeze-drying and melting methods. Phase solubility showed stability constant 819.13M-1. Prepared inclusion complexes were evaluated for taste masking and characterized by I.R, XRD, DSC. Using the drug β-CD complex, oro-dispersible tablets were prepared and evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, disintegrating time (DT), dissolution rate and taste. Formulations with 4 % Doshion, 8 % CP and 4 % SSG showed DT of 0.54, 0.35 and 1.23 minutes, respectively.
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58
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Stojanov M, Wimmer R, Larsen KL. Study of the inclusion complexes formed between cetirizine and α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin and evaluation on their taste‐masking properties. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3177-3185. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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59
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Malik K, Arora G, Singh I. Taste masked microspheres of ofloxacin: formulation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:653-72. [PMID: 21886910 PMCID: PMC3163379 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1104-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic used for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, but therapy suffers from low patients' compliance due to its unpleasant taste. This study was aimed to develop taste masked microspheres of ofloxacin using Eudragit and to prepare orodispersible tablets of the formulated microspheres using natural superdisintegrant. Taste masking Eudragit E100 microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique with an entrapment efficiency ranging from 69.54 ± 1.98 to 86.52 ± 2.25%. DSC revealed no interaction between the drug and polymer. Microspheres prepared at a drug/polymer ratio of 1:4 and 1:5 revealed sufficient flow properties and better taste masking as compared to other ratios. Drug loaded microspheres were formulated as orodispersible tablets using locust bean gum as a natural superdisintegrant offering the advatages of biocompatibility and biodegrad-ability. The wetting time, water absorption ratio and in-vitro disintegration time of the tablets were found to range between 19 ± 2 to 10 ± 3 seconds, 59.11 ± 0.65 to 85.76 ± 0.96 and 22 ± 2 to 10 ± 2 seconds, respectively. The in-vitro ofloxacin release was about 97.25% within 2h. The results obtained from the study suggested the use of eudragit polymer for preparing ofloxacin loaded microspheres with an aim to mask the bitter taste of the drug and furthermore orodispersible tablets could be formulated using locust bean gum as a natural superdisintegrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Malik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan-174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
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60
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Takahashi H, Bungo Y, Mikuni K. Effect of Cyclodextrin on the Pungent Taste of .ALPHA.-Lipoic Acid. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.58.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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61
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Mady FM, Abou-Taleb AE, Khaled KA, Yamasaki K, Iohara D, Ishiguro T, Hirayama F, Uekama K, Otagiri M. Enhancement of the aqueous solubility and masking the bitter taste of famotidine using drug/SBE-beta-CyD/povidone K30 complexation approach. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:4285-94. [PMID: 20737636 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of ternary system (comprised of famotidine, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) or its derivatives and a hydrophilic polymer) as an approach for enhancing the aqueous solubility and masking the bitter taste of famotidine. The aqueous solubility of famotidine increased in the presence of beta-CyDs, particularly sulfobutyl ether beta-CyD (SBE-beta-CyD), and it was further enhanced by the combination of SBE-beta-CyD and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Povidone) K30. The solid binary (drug-beta-CyDs) and ternary (drug-beta-CyDs-Povidone K30) systems were prepared by the kneading and freeze-drying methods. The dissolution rates of these solid systems were much faster than that of the drug alone. A taste perception study was carried out, initially using a taste sensory machine and subsequently on human volunteers to evaluate the taste masking ability of the ternary complexation. Our results indicated that the combination of SBE-beta-CyD and Povidone K30 is effective not only in the enhancement of the solubility and dissolution rate of famotidine, but also in masking of the bitter taste of the drug. This technique may be of value for the pharmaceutical industries, especially in preparation of rapidly disintegrating tablets dealing with bitter drugs to improve patient compliance and thus effective pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Minia University, El-Minia Governate 61732, Egypt
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62
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Lee CW, Kim SJ, Youn YS, Widjojokusumo E, Lee YH, Kim J, Lee YW, Tjandrawinata RR. Preparation of bitter taste masked cetirizine dihydrochloride/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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63
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Li H, Sun J, Wang Y, Sui X, Sun L, Zhang J, He Z. Structure-based in silico model profiles the binding constant of poorly soluble drugs with β-cyclodextrin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 42:55-64. [PMID: 20979986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation technique is the key method to enhance the solubility and absorption of poorly soluble drugs in the early development stage, and thus it is essential to predict the binding constant between drug molecules and cyclodextrin. Structure-based in silico model was constructed for a data set of 86 poorly soluble drugs and used to profile the binding constant of drug-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The stepwise regression was employed to select the optimum subset of the independent variables. The in silico model was built by the multiple linear regression method and validated by the residual analysis, the normal Probability-Probability plot and Williams plot. For the entire data set, the R(2) and Q(2) of the model were 0.78 and 0.67, respectively. The results indicated that the fitted model is robust, stable and satisfies all the prerequisites of the regression models. The chemical space position and important contributors were compared between selected drug molecules and organic compounds available in the literature. It was suggested that the binding behavior of drug molecules with β-CD should differ from that of the common organic compounds. Focusing on structurally diverse drugs, the in silico model can be used as an efficient tool to rapidly screen the drug-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex stability and to rationally design the new drug delivery system of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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64
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Battu SK, Repka MA, Maddineni S, Chittiboyina AG, Avery MA, Majumdar S. Physicochemical characterization of berberine chloride: a perspective in the development of a solution dosage form for oral delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1466-75. [PMID: 20842541 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of berberine chloride and to assess the complexation of drug with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), a first step towards solution dosage form development. The parameters such as log P value were determined experimentally and compared with predicted values. The pH-dependent aqueous solubility and stability were investigated following standard protocols at 25°C and 37°C. Drug solubility enhancement was attempted utilizing both surfactants and cyclodextrins (CDs), and the drug/CD complexation was studied employing various techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental log P value suggested that the compound is fairly hydrophilic. Berberine chloride was found to be very stable up to 6 months at all pH and temperature conditions tested. Aqueous solubility of the drug was temperature dependent and exhibited highest solubility of 4.05 ± 0.09 mM in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 25°C, demonstrating the effect of buffer salts on drug solubility. Decreased drug solubility was observed with increasing concentrations of ionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Phase solubility studies demonstrated the formation of berberine chloride-HPβCD inclusion complex with 1:1 stoichiometry, and the aqueous solubility of the drug improved almost 4.5-fold in the presence of 20% HPβCD. The complexation efficiency values indicated that the drug has at least threefold greater affinity for hydroxypropyl-β-CD compared to randomly methylated-β-CD. The characterization techniques confirmed inclusion complex formation between berberine chloride and HPβCD and demonstrated the feasibility of developing an oral solution dosage form of the drug.
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65
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Rahman Z, Zidan AS, Khan MA. Risperidone solid dispersion for orally disintegrating tablet: its formulation design and non-destructive methods of evaluation. Int J Pharm 2010; 400:49-58. [PMID: 20801200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The focus of present investigation was to assess the utility of non-destructive techniques in the evaluation of risperidone solid dispersions (SD) with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and subsequent incorporation of the SD into orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) for a faster release of risperidone. The SD was prepared by a solvent evaporation method and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), NIR-chemical imaging (NIR-CI), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC and XRD analysis indicated that crystallinity of SD has reduced significantly. FTIR showed no interaction between risperidone and MBCD. Partial least square (PLS) was applied to the NIR data for the construction of chemometric models to determine both components of the SD. Good correlations were obtained for calibration and prediction as indicated by correlation coefficients >0.9965. The model was more accurate and less biased in predicting the MBCD than risperidone as indicated by its lower mean accuracy and mean bias values. SD-3 (risperidone:MBCD, 1:3) was incorporated into ODT tablets containing diluent (D-mannitol, FlowLac(®) 100 or galenIQ™-721) and superdisintegrant (Kollidon(®) CL-SF, Ac-Di-Sol or sodium starch glycolate). Disintegration time, T(50) and T(90) were decreased in the formulations containing mannitol and Kollidon(®) CL-SF, but increased with galenIQ™-721 and sodium starch glycolate, respectively. NIR-CI images confirmed the homogeneity of SD and ODT formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyaur Rahman
- Division of Product Quality and Research, Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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