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Sun X, Cao ZB, Taniguchi H, Tanisawa K, Higuchi M. Effect of an Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise on Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations in Young Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3937-3944. [PMID: 28973380 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Regular exercise or high physical activity levels are associated with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations; however, the effect of acute exercise on serum 25(OH)D concentrations remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify whether acute endurance exercise has a direct effect on the circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in young adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Exercise intervention trial in an institutional practice. PATIENTS Twenty young, active adults (males, n = 10; females, n = 10). INTERVENTIONS Participants were asked to perform a cycling exercise for 30 minutes at 70% maximal oxygen uptake. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and other blood parameters were assessed before exercise and at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 24 hours after exercise. RESULTS The serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly increased not only at 0 (P < 0.01), 1 (P < 0.05), and 3 hours (P < 0.01) after exercise, but they were also increased at 24 hours (P < 0.05) after acute endurance exercise in young adults. A significant sex × time interaction effect was observed (P < 0.05), and the incremental areas under the curve for the 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in men than in the women (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There is a direct effect of endurance exercise on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In addition, sex disparity was observed in the serum 25(OH)D response to acute endurance exercise, and the increase in 25(OH)D concentrations was greater in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | | | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
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Cheng Q, Du Y, Hong W, Tang W, Li H, Chen M, Zheng S. Factors associated to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among older adult populations in urban and suburban communities in Shanghai, China. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:246. [PMID: 29065856 PMCID: PMC5654067 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in China, particularly among older adults. Factors associated with suboptimal vitamin D levels are not well defined. The present study was a population-based study that included 10 urban and suburban communities in Shanghai, to evaluate vitamin D status and its correlates among older adults. METHOD This cross-sectional study was based on study data for 3924 healthy men and women aged 65-95 years. Anthropometric and socioeconomic data were collected in June-July 2014. Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. The following socioeconomic data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires: education level, lifestyle, residency, and dietary habits. A logistic regression model was used to assess associations between anthropometric factors, socioeconomic factors and serum 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS Median levels of serum 25(OH)D in men and women were 22.73 and 19.99 ng/mL, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was common in subjects, even though data collection was conducted during summer. The general prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL were 35.4% and 50.5% for men and women respectively. The general prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/mL were 2.73% and 5.9% for men and women respectively. A multivariable model indicated serum 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL were significantly and positively correlated with male sex, calcium or vitamin D supplementation, and residency in suburban communities. The model also indicated that high level of physical activity was protective factors of vitamin D deficiency for men and milk consumption for women, respectively. By contrast, deficient serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly correlated with education level (lower than primary school) or obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 26.06 kg/m2] for men or women, respectively. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study of older adults in communities in Shanghai demonstrates that key factors positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL include male sex, residency in suburban communities, calcium or vitamin D supplementation, high physical activity and education level (for men), and dairy consumption and maintenance of normal BMI (for women).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cheng
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yanping Du
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Songbai Zheng
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, 221 West Yan An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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53
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Association of Sun Exposure, Skin Colour and Body Mass Index with Vitamin D Status in Individuals Who Are Morbidly Obese. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101094. [PMID: 28976930 PMCID: PMC5691711 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common issue, particularly in obese populations, and is tested by assessing serum 25(OH)D concentrations. This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to the vitamin D status in fifty morbidly obese individuals recruited prior to bariatric surgery. Data collected included serum 25(OH)D concentrations, dietary and supplement intake of vitamin D, sun exposure measures, skin colour via spectrophotometry, and genotype analysis of several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism pathway. Results showed a significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and age, and serum 25(OH)D and ITAC score (natural skin colour). Natural skin colour accounted for 13.5% of variation in serum 25(OH)D, with every 10° increase in ITAC score (i.e., lighter skin) leading to a 9 nmol/L decrease in serum 25(OH)D. Multiple linear regression using age, ITAC score, and average UV index in the three months prior to testing, significantly predicted serum 25(OH)D concentrations (R² = 29.7%). Single nucleotide polymorphisms for all vitamin D genes tested, showed lower serum 25(OH)D for those with the rare genotype compared to the common genotype; this was most pronounced for fok1 and rs4588, where those with the rare genotype were insufficient (<50 nmol/L), and those with the common genotype were sufficient (≥50 nmol/L). Assessing vitamin D status in individuals with morbid obesity requires testing of 25(OH)D, but potential risk factors for this population include natural skin colour and age.
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54
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Abboud M, Rybchyn MS, Liu J, Ning Y, Gordon-Thomson C, Brennan-Speranza TC, Cole L, Greenfield H, Fraser DR, Mason RS. The effect of parathyroid hormone on the uptake and retention of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in skeletal muscle cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:173-179. [PMID: 28104493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Data from our studies, and those of others, support the proposal that there is a role for skeletal muscle in the maintenance of vitamin D status. We demonstrated that skeletal muscle is able to internalise extracellular vitamin D binding protein, which then binds to actin in the cytoplasm, to provide high affinity binding sites which accumulate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) [1]. This study investigated the concentration- and time-dependent effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the capacity of muscle cells to take up and release 3H-25(OH)D3. Uptake and retention studies for 3H-25(OH)D3 were carried out with C2C12 cells differentiated into myotubes and with primary mouse muscle fibers as described [1]. The presence of PTH receptors on mouse muscle fibers was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and PTH receptors were detected in differentiated myotubes, but not myoblasts, and on muscle fibers by Western blot. Addition of low concentrations of vitamin D binding protein to the incubation media did not alter uptake of 25(OH)D3. Pre-incubation of C2 myotubes or primary mouse muscle fibers with PTH (0.1 to 100 pM) for 3h resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in 25(OH)D3 uptake after 4 or 16h. These effects were significant at 0.1 or 1pM PTH (p<0.001) and plateaued at 10pM, with 25(OH)D3 uptake reduced by over 60% (p<0.001) in both cell types. In C2 myotubes, retention of 25(OH)D3 was decreased after addition of PTH (0.1 to 100pM) in a concentration-dependent manner by up to 80% (p<0.001) compared to non-PTH treated-C2 myotubes. These data show that muscle uptake and retention of 25(OH)D3 are modulated by PTH, a physiological regulator of mineral homeostasis, but the cell culture model may not be a comprehensive reflection of vitamin D homeostatic mechanisms in whole animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abboud
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia; College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities- Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M S Rybchyn
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - J Liu
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Y Ning
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - C Gordon-Thomson
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - L Cole
- Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - H Greenfield
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R S Mason
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia.
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55
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Brennan-Speranza TC, Mor D, Mason RS, Bartlett JR, Duque G, Levinger I, Levinger P. Skeletal muscle vitamin D in patients with end stage osteoarthritis of the knee. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:180-184. [PMID: 28161531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle function is often impaired in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), with reduced strength and increased pain. The role of vitamin D and the vitamin D-endocrine pathway in muscle health has recently been placed in the spotlight, with various groups reporting positive effects on muscle development, function and health. Recently, it has been shown that uptake into muscle of the specialized vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is dependent on the endocytic receptor, megalin. Here we analyse circulating vitamin D, and muscle DBP, megalin and the cognate vitamin D receptor (VDR) in patients with knee OA and compare them to asymptomatic controls. Muscle and blood samples were collected from 19 patients with end-stage OA of the knee and 10 age-matched controls. Muscle biopsies from the OA group were performed during knee replacement surgery and a needle biopsy was used on control volunteers. Immunoblots performed with specific antibodies were used to detect the presence of DBP, megalin, VDR (using the specific D-6 antibody) and albumin in the muscle biopsies. Results were correlated with FoxO1, a key regulator of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway in muscle. There were no differences in circulating levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D3 between the groups, and no subjects were vitamin D deficient. We found increased VDR, DBP and albumin protein in the muscle from patients with OA compared to controls, with no change in muscle megalin expression. Furthermore, DBP levels in the muscle correlated with FoxO1, suggesting an association between muscle protein breakdown and the activation of the vitamin D-endocrine pathway in muscle surrounding an OA affected joint. We show, for the first time, that the factors involved in the vitamin D-endocrine-pathway are present at higher levels in muscles from OA patients compared to asymptomatic controls. This is despite no differences in circulating 25 (OH) vitamin D levels between the groups. These findings indicate the activation of vitamin D pathway in these muscles that may provide a beneficial compensatory stimulation of the repair process in muscles that are subject to inflammatory and proteolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - David Mor
- Discipline of Biomedical Sciences and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Bartlett
- Warringal Private Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School-Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pazit Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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56
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Molina P, Carrero JJ, Bover J, Chauveau P, Mazzaferro S, Torres PU. Vitamin D, a modulator of musculoskeletal health in chronic kidney disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:686-701. [PMID: 28675610 PMCID: PMC5659055 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of activity of vitamin D goes beyond calcium and bone homeostasis, and growing evidence suggests that vitamin D contributes to maintain musculoskeletal health in healthy subjects as well as in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who display the combination of bone metabolism disorder, muscle wasting, and weakness. Here, we review how vitamin D represents a pathway in which bone and muscle may interact. In vitro studies have confirmed that the vitamin D receptor is present on muscle, describing the mechanisms whereby vitamin D directly affects skeletal muscle. These include genomic and non-genomic (rapid) effects, regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation. Observational studies have shown that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate with the clinical symptoms and muscle morphological changes observed in CKD patients. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to low bone formation rate and bone mineral density, with an increased risk of skeletal fractures. The impact of low vitamin D status on skeletal muscle may also affect muscle metabolic pathways, including its sensitivity to insulin. Although some interventional studies have shown that vitamin D may improve physical performance and protect against the development of histological and radiological signs of hyperparathyroidism, evidence is still insufficient to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Molina
- Department of NephrologyHospital Universitario Doctor PesetValenciaSpain
- REDinRENMadridSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Juan J. Carrero
- Division of Renal MedicineCLINTEC, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jordi Bover
- REDinRENMadridSpain
- Department of NephrologyFundació PuigvertBarcelonaSpain
- IIB Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Philippe Chauveau
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation DialyseCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux et Aurad‐AquitaineBordeauxFrance
| | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Pablo Ureña Torres
- Department of Nephrology and DialysisClinique du Landy, Ramsay‐Générale de SantéSaint OuenParisFrance
- Department of Renal PhysiologyNecker Hospital, University of Paris DescartesParisFrance
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Hirani V, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Hsu B, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Seibel MJ. Longitudinal Associations Between Vitamin D Metabolites and Sarcopenia in Older Australian men: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:131-138. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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58
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Skender S, Böhm J, Schrotz-King P, Chang-Claude J, Siegel EM, Steindorf K, Owen RW, Ose J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Ulrich CM. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Levels in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Associations with Physical Activity. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:229-237. [PMID: 28094599 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1265131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and vitamin D are thought to affect colorectal cancer prognosis. The present study investigates associations between 25(OH)D3 and PA in prospectively followed colorectal cancer patients in the ColoCare study. At 6, 12, and 24 mo after surgery, patients donated a blood sample, wore an accelerometer for 10 consecutive days, and completed a PA questionnaire. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. We tested associations using partial correlations and multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for season, age, and body mass index. A total of 137 assessments of 25(OH)D3 levels and PA were conducted (58 at 6 mo, 51 at 12 mo, and 28 at 24 mo). More than 60% of the patients were vitamin D-deficient (25(OH)D3 ≤20 ng/ml), independent of study time point. At 6-mo follow-up, accelerometry-based vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous PAs were positively associated with 25(OH)D3 levels (P = 0.04; P = 0.006,). PA together with season was a significant predictor of elevated 25(OH)D3 levels. Our results suggest that the majority of colorectal cancer patients may suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Engaging in PA may be an effective approach to increase their 25(OH)D3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Skender
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Böhm
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,b Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- c Division of Clinical Epidemiology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg Germany
| | - Erin M Siegel
- d Department of Cancer Epidemiology , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Karen Steindorf
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Robert W Owen
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jennifer Ose
- b Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- e Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,b Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.,f Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , Washington , USA
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Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in Japanese adults: a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1121-1129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Camozzi V, Frigo AC, Zaninotto M, Sanguin F, Plebani M, Boscaro M, Schiavon L, Luisetto G. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol response to single oral cholecalciferol loading in the normal weight, overweight, and obese. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2593-602. [PMID: 27026331 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED After a single cholecalciferol load, peak serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) is lower in individuals with a higher body mass index (BMI), probably due to it being distributed in a greater volume. Its subsequent disappearance from the serum is slower the higher the individual's BMI, probably due to the combination of a larger body volume and a slower release into the circulation of vitamin D stored in adipose tissue. INTRODUCTION The aim of the study is to examine 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) response to a single oral load of cholecalciferol in the normal weight, overweight, and obese. METHODS We considered 55 healthy women aged from 25 to 67 years (mean ± SD, 50.8 ± 9.5) with a BMI ranging from 18.7 to 42 kg/m(2) (mean ± SD, 27.1 ± 6.0). The sample was divided into three groups by BMI: 20 were normal weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m(2)), 21 overweight (25.1 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9 kg/ m(2)), and 14 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)). Each subject was given 300,000 IU of cholecalciferol orally during lunch. A fasting blood test was obtained before cholecalciferol loading and then 7, 30, and 90 days afterwards to measure serum 25OHD, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Participants' absolute fat mass was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS The fat mass of the normal weight subjects was significantly lower than that of the overweight, which in turn was lower than that of the obese participants. Serum 25OHD levels increased significantly in all groups, peaking 1 week after the cholecalciferol load. Peak serum 25OHD levels were lower the higher the individuals' BMI. After peaking, the 25OHD levels gradually decreased, following a significantly different trend in the three groups. The slope was similar for the overweight and obese, declining significantly more slowly than in the normal weight group. In the sample as a whole, there was a weakly significant negative correlation between fat mass and baseline 25OHD level, while this correlation became strongly significant at all time points after cholecalciferol loading. CONCLUSIONS The lower peak 25OHD levels seen in the obese and overweight is probably due to the cholecalciferol load being distributed in a larger body volume. The longer persistence of 25OHD in their serum could be due to both their larger body volume and a slower release into the circulation of the vitamin D stored in their adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Camozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - A C Frigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, University of Padova, via Loredan 18, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - M Zaninotto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - F Sanguin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - M Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - M Boscaro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - L Schiavon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - G Luisetto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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Vitamin D and body composition in the elderly. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:585-592. [PMID: 27346177 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between vitamin D status and body composition in the elderly. METHODS This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, including subjects aged 55 years and older. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured between 1997 and 1999. Total body fat, android fat, gynoid fat and lean mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during a follow-up visit after a median time of 5 years (2002-2004). We calculated body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, and android/gynoid fat ratio. We had 2158 participants included in our analysis. We used multivariable linear regression models. Serum 25(OH)D was analyzed continuously and after categorization according to cut-offs. RESULTS Mean (±SD) serum 25(OH)D concentration of the study population was 52.6 ± 25.4 nmol/L. Compared to subjects with an adequate vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L), vitamin D deficient participants (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) had a higher body fat percentage (β = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.04) whereas no association was found with lean mass (β = 0.01, 95%CI: -0.33, 0.35). Lower 25(OH)D was associated with higher total body fat percentage specifically in participants without cardio-metabolic disease. Each 10 unit increase in serum 25(OH)D was associated with 0.03 unit decrease in android fat (β = -0.03, 95%CI: -0.06, -0.01); after adjustment for BMI the association was no longer significant. Serum 25(OH)D was also associated with the android/gynoid fat ratio but this was also mainly explained by BMI. CONCLUSION Lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a higher fat mass percentage. The association between serum 25(OH)D and differential fat distribution in the elderly was mainly explained by BMI and deserves further study.
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Al-Eisa ES, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Correlation between vitamin D levels and muscle fatigue risk factors based on physical activity in healthy older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:513-22. [PMID: 27217733 PMCID: PMC4862760 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum vitamin D levels with physical activity, obesity, muscle fatigue biomarkers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in healthy older adults. METHODS A total of 85 healthy older subjects aged 64-96 years were recruited in this study. Based on estimated energy expenditure scores, the participants were classified into three groups: inactive (n=25), moderate (n=20), and physically active (n=35). Serum 25(OH)D (25-hydroxy vitamin D) levels, metabolic syndrome parameters, TAC activity, muscle fatigue biomarkers (Ca, creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin I, hydroxyproline), physical activity, body fatness, and fatigue score (visual analog scale) were estimated using immunoassay techniques and prevalidated questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS Physical activity was estimated in 64.6% of the participants. Males showed higher physical activity (42.5%) compared to females (26.25%). Compared to participants with lower activity, significant reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, hips, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were observed in moderate and physically active participants. Also, significant increase in the levels of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, calcium, and TAC activity along with reduction in the levels of muscle fatigue biomarkers: creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin I, hydroxyproline, and fatigue scores (visual analog scale) were reported in physically active participants compared to those of lower physical activity. In all participants, serum 25(OH)D concentrations correlated positively with Ca, TAC, physical activity scores, and negatively with body mass index, lipid profile, fatigue scores (visual analog scale), and muscle fatigue biomarkers. Stepwise regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D concentrations, physical activity, Ca, TAC, and demographic parameters explained approximately 61.4%-85.8% of reduction in both fatigue scores and muscle fatigue biomarkers with substantial improvement in muscle performance in healthy older adults. CONCLUSION The data showed that considerable levels of 25(OH)D concentrations, calcium intake, and lower obesity positively correlated with the improvement in the muscle relief and performance of physically active participants. These results demonstrate that 25(OH)D concentrations and calcium might prevent muscle fatigue by regulation of the biosynthesis of creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin I, and hydroxyproline via a proposed antifree radical mechanism reported by higher TAC activity. It was suggested that vitamin D status could be reported as a marker of the improvement of muscle performance, especially in healthy older adults with lower physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einas S Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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van der Meijden K, Bravenboer N, Dirks NF, Heijboer AC, den Heijer M, de Wit GMJ, Offringa C, Lips P, Jaspers RT. Effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 on C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Myotube Hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2517-28. [PMID: 27018098 PMCID: PMC5111790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An adequate vitamin D status is essential to optimize muscle strength. However, whether vitamin D directly reduces muscle fiber atrophy or stimulates muscle fiber hypertrophy remains subject of debate. A mechanism that may affect the role of vitamin D in the regulation of muscle fiber size is the local conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2 D by 1α-hydroxylase. Therefore, we investigated in a murine C2C12 myoblast culture whether both 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 affect myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube size and whether these cells are able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . We show that myoblasts not only responded to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , but also to the precursor 25(OH)D3 by increasing their VDR mRNA expression and reducing their proliferation. In differentiating myoblasts and myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 as well as 25(OH)D3 stimulated VDR mRNA expression and in myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 also stimulated MHC mRNA expression. However, this occurred without notable effects on myotube size. Moreover, no effects on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as MyoD and myogenin mRNA levels were observed. Interestingly, both myoblasts and myotubes expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 mRNA which are required for vitamin D3 metabolism. Although 1α-hydroxylase activity could not be shown in myotubes, after treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 or 25(OH)D3 myotubes showed strongly elevated CYP24 mRNA levels compared to untreated cells. Moreover, myotubes were able to convert 25(OH)D3 to 24R,25(OH)2 D3 which may play a role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. These data suggest that skeletal muscle is not only a direct target for vitamin D3 metabolites, but is also able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2517-2528, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N F Dirks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M J de Wit
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Offringa
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cassity EP, Redzic M, Teager CR, Thomas DT. The effect of body composition and BMI on 25(OH)D response in vitamin D-supplemented athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:773-9. [PMID: 26698109 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1125952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fat mass is inversely associated with vitamin D status, and athletes with the most adipose tissue may have the greatest risk for insufficient (25(OH)D 20-32 ng mL(-1)) or deficient (25(OH)D < 20 ng ml(-1)) status. The effects of fat and lean mass on 25(OH)D change in response to vitamin D supplementation have yet to be elucidated in athletes. In addition, vitamin D has a known role in bone health yet a link between short-term changes in 25(OH)D and bone turnover in indoor athletes have not yet been described. Thirty-two collegiate swimmers and divers (19 male, 13 female; 19 (1) years) participated in a 6-month randomized controlled trial and consumed either 4000 IU d(-1) of vitamin D3 (n = 19) or placebo (PLA; n = 13). Anthropometry and blood collection of 25(OH)D, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) occurred at three time points. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body composition analysis at baseline and endpoint. In the vitamin D group, BMI was negatively correlated with 6-month 25(OH)D change (R = -0.496; P = .03) and a stronger predictor of 25(OH)D change (P = .04) than ultraviolet B exposure and fat mass change. Athletes in the high bone turnover group showed significantly greater losses of 25(OH)D over 6-months compared to athletes in the low bone turnover group (P = .03). These results suggest athletes within the normal BMI category experience a diminished response to 4000 IU d(-1) of vitamin D3 supplementation, and periods of high bone turnover may be an additional risk factor for developing compromised vitamin D status in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Cassity
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Maja Redzic
- b Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Cassidy R Teager
- c College of Health Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - D Travis Thomas
- c College of Health Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Girgis CM, Cha KM, Houweling PJ, Rao R, Mokbel N, Lin M, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Gunton JE. Vitamin D Receptor Ablation and Vitamin D Deficiency Result in Reduced Grip Strength, Altered Muscle Fibers, and Increased Myostatin in Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:602-10. [PMID: 26340892 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with muscle weakness, pain, and atrophy. Serum vitamin D predicts muscle strength and age-related muscle changes. However, precise mechanisms by which vitamin D affects skeletal muscle are unclear. To address this question, this study characterizes the muscle phenotype and gene expression of mice with deletion of vitamin D receptor (VDRKO) or diet-induced vitamin D deficiency. VDRKO and vitamin D-deficient mice had significantly weaker grip strength than their controls. Weakness progressed with age and duration of vitamin D deficiency, respectively. Histological assessment showed that VDRKO mice had muscle fibers that were significantly smaller in size and displayed hyper-nuclearity. Real-time PCR also indicated muscle developmental changes in VDRKO mice with dysregulation of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and increased myostatin in quadriceps muscle (>2-fold). Vitamin D-deficient mice also showed increases in myostatin and the atrophy marker E3-ubiqutin ligase MuRF1. As a potential explanation for grip strength weakness, both groups of mice had down-regulation of genes encoding calcium-handling and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (Serca) channels. This is the first report of reduced strength, morphological, and gene expression changes in VDRKO and vitamin D-deficient mice where confounding by calcium, magnesium, and phosphate have been excluded by direct testing. Although suggested in earlier in vitro work, this study is the first to report an in vivo association between vitamin D, myostatin, and the regulation of muscle mass. These findings support a direct role for vitamin D in muscle function and corroborate earlier work on the presence of VDR in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kuan Minn Cha
- Westmead Millennium Institute, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Renuka Rao
- Westmead Millennium Institute, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Nancy Mokbel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Westmead Millennium Institute, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Loy SL, Lek N, Yap F, Soh SE, Padmapriya N, Tan KH, Biswas A, Yeo GSH, Kwek K, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Saw SM, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Chong YS, Chong MFF, Chan JKY. Association of Maternal Vitamin D Status with Glucose Tolerance and Caesarean Section in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142239. [PMID: 26571128 PMCID: PMC4646602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies relating maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mode of delivery have shown controversial results. We examined if maternal 25OHD status was associated with plasma glucose concentrations, risks of GDM and caesarean section in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study. METHODS Plasma 25OHD concentrations, fasting glucose (FG) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2HPPG) concentrations were measured in 940 women from a Singapore mother-offspring cohort study at 26-28 weeks' gestation. 25OHD inadequacy and adequacy were defined based on concentrations of 25OHD ≤75nmol/l and >75nmol/l respectively. Mode of delivery was obtained from hospital records. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between 25OHD status and glucose concentrations, while multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association of 25OHD status with risks of GDM and caesarean section. RESULTS In total, 388 (41.3%) women had 25OHD inadequacy. Of these, 131 (33.8%), 155 (39.9%) and 102 (26.3%) were Chinese, Malay and Indian respectively. After adjustment for confounders, maternal 25OHD inadequacy was associated with higher FG concentrations (β = 0.08mmol/l, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.01, 0.14), but not 2HPPG concentrations and risk of GDM. A trend between 25OHD inadequacy and higher likelihood of emergency caesarean section (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.05) was observed. On stratification by ethnicity, the association with higher FG concentrations was significant in Malay women (β = 0.19mmol/l, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.33), while risk of emergency caesarean section was greater in Chinese (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.43) and Indian women (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.01, 5.73). CONCLUSIONS 25OHD inadequacy is prevalent in pregnant Singaporean women, particularly among the Malay and Indian women. This is associated with higher FG concentrations in Malay women, and increased risk of emergency caesarean section in Chinese and Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Ling Loy
- KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ngee Lek
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shu E. Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Natarajan Padmapriya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - George Seow Heong Yeo
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
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Gunton JE, Girgis CM, Baldock PA, Lips P. Bone muscle interactions and vitamin D. Bone 2015; 80:89-94. [PMID: 25745883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the established roles of vitamin D in bone and mineral homeostasis, we are becoming increasingly aware of its diverse effects in skeletal muscle. Subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor develop generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D in musculoskeletal physiology. At a mechanistic level, vitamin D exerts wide-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D regulates bone and muscle in a direct, integrated fashion, positioning the vitamin D pathway as a potential therapeutic target for musculoskeletal diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cianferotti L, Cricelli C, Kanis JA, Nuti R, Reginster JY, Ringe JD, Rizzoli R, Brandi ML. The clinical use of vitamin D metabolites and their potential developments: a position statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). Endocrine 2015; 50:12-26. [PMID: 25931412 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several compounds are produced along the complex pathways of vitamin D3 metabolism, and synthetic analogs have been generated to improve kinetics and/or vitamin D receptor activation. These metabolites display different chemical properties with respect to the parental or native vitamin D3, i.e., cholecalciferol, which has been, so far, the supplement most employed in the treatment of vitamin D inadequacy. Hydrophilic properties of vitamin D3 derivatives facilitate their intestinal absorption and their manageability in the case of intoxication because of the shorter half-life. Calcidiol is a more hydrophilic compound than parental vitamin D3. Active vitamin D analogs, capable of binding the vitamin D receptor evoking vitamin D-related biological effects, are mandatorily employed in hypoparathyroidism and kidney failure with impaired 1α-hydroxylation. They have been shown to increase BMD, supposedly ameliorating calcium absorption and/or directly affecting bone cells, although their use in these conditions is jeopardized by the development of hypercalciuria and mild hypercalcemia. Further studies are needed to assess their overall safety and effectiveness in the long-term and new intermittent regimens, especially when combined with the most effective antifracture agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Cianferotti
- Bone Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy,
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Girgis CM, Baldock PA, Downes M. Vitamin D, muscle and bone: Integrating effects in development, aging and injury. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:3-10. [PMID: 25837735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the established effects of muscle loading on bone, a complex network of hormones and growth factors integrates these adjacent tissues. One such hormone, vitamin D, exerts broad-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, potentially facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In the clinical setting, vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor result in generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D at these sites. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts specific effects throughout the life of the musculoskeletal system - in development, aging and injury. From this holistic viewpoint, we offer new insights into an old debate: whether vitamin D's effects in the musculoskeletal system are direct via local VDR signals or indirect via its systemic effects in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Camargo MBR, Kunii LS, Hayashi LF, Muszkat P, Anelli CG, Marin-Mio RV, Martini LA, França N, Lazaretti-Castro M. Modifiable factors of vitamin D status among a Brazilian osteoporotic population attended a public outpatient clinic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:572-82. [PMID: 25166049 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in Brazilian osteoporotic patients and the modifiable factors of vitamin D status in this population. Subjects and methods In a cross-sectional study, 363 community-dwelling patients who sought specialized medical care were evaluated between autumn and spring in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum levels of 25(OH)D and parathormone (PTH), biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and bone density scans were obtained. The group was assessed using two questionnaires: one questionnaire covered lifestyle and dietary habits, skin phototype, sun exposure, medical conditions, and levels of vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol); the other questionnaire assessed health-related quality-of-life. Logistic regression and a decision tree were used to assess the association between the variables and the adequacy of vitamin D status. Results The mean age of the overall sample was 67.9 ± 8.6 years, and the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 24.8 ng/mL. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status was high (73.3%), although 81.5% of the subjects were receiving cholecalciferol (mean dose of 8,169 IU/week). 25(OH)D was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and negatively correlated with PTH. In the multivariate analysis, the dose of cholecalciferol, engagement in physical activity and the month of the year (September) were associated with improvement in vitamin D status. Conclusions In this osteoporotic population, vitamin D supplementation of 7,000 IU/week is not enough to reach the desired 25(OH)D concentration (≥ 30 ng/mL). Engagement in physical activity and the month of the year are modifiable factors of the vitamin D status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llda Sizue Kunii
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Fukusima Hayashi
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Muszkat
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Catherine Gusman Anelli
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Villa Marin-Mio
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Araújo Martini
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natasha França
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ke L, Mason RS, Mpofu E, Dibley M, Li Y, Brock KE. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone status in a representative population living in Macau, China. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:261-8. [PMID: 25636721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Associations between documented sun-exposure, exercise patterns and fish and supplement intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were investigated in a random household survey of Macau residents (aged 18-93). Blood samples (566) taken in summer were analyzed for 25OHD and PTH. In this Chinese population, 55% were deficient (25OHD <50nmol/L: median (interquartile range)=47.7 (24.2) nmol/L). Vitamin D deficiency was greatest in those aged <50 years: median (interquartile range)=43.3 (18.2) nmol/L, females: median (interquartile range)=45.5 (19.4) nmol/L and those with higher educational qualifications: median (interquartile range)=43.1 (18.7) nmol/L. In the total Macau population, statistically significant (p<0.01) modifiable associations with lower 25OHD levels were sunlight exposure (β=0.06), physical activity (PA) (measured as hours(hrs)/day: β=0.08), sitting (measured as hrs/day β=-0.20), intake of fish (β=0.08) and calcium (Ca) supplement intake (β=0.06) [linear regression analysis adjusting for demographic risk factors]. On similar analysis, and after adjustment for 25OHD, the only significant modifiable associations in the total population with PTH were sitting (β=-0.17), Body Mass Index (β=0.07) and Ca supplement intake (β=-0.06). In this Macau population less documented sun exposure, fish and Ca supplement intake and exercise were associated with lower 25OHD levels, especially in the younger population, along with the interesting finding that more sitting was associated with both lower 25OHD and high PTH blood levels. In conclusion, unlike findings from Caucasian populations, younger participants were significantly more vitamin D deficient, in particular highly educated single females. This may indicate the desire of young females to be pale and avoid the sun. There are also big differences in lifestyle between the older generation and the younger, in particular with respect to sun exposure and PA. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ke
- Macau Hypertension Alliance, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - R S Mason
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - E Mpofu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - M Dibley
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Y Li
- University of Maryland, United States
| | - K E Brock
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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Jones KS, Assar S, Vanderschueren D, Bouillon R, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. Predictors of 25(OH)D half-life and plasma 25(OH)D concentration in The Gambia and the UK. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1137-46. [PMID: 25278297 PMCID: PMC4331602 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Predictors of 25(OH)D3 half-life were factors associated with vitamin D metabolism, but were different between people in The Gambia and the UK. Country was the strongest predictor of plasma 25(OH)D concentration, probably as a marker of UVB exposure. 25(OH)D3 half-life may be applied as a tool to investigate vitamin D expenditure. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of 25(OH)D3 half-life and plasma 25(OH)D concentration. METHODS Plasma half-life of an oral tracer dose of deuterated-25(OH)D3 was measured in healthy men aged 24-39 years, resident in The Gambia, West Africa (n = 18) and in the UK during the winter (n = 18), countries that differ in calcium intake and vitamin D status. Plasma and urinary markers of vitamin D, calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, nutrient intakes and anthropometry were measured. RESULTS Normally distributed data are presented as mean (SD) and non-normal data as geometric mean (95% CI). Gambian compared to UK men had higher plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D (69 (13) vs. 29 (11) nmol/L; P < 0.0001); 1,25(OH)2D (181 (165, 197) vs. 120 (109, 132) pmol/L; P < 0.01); and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (50 (42, 60) vs. 33 (27, 39); P < 0.0001). There was no difference in 25(OH)D3 half-life (14.7 (3.5) days vs. 15.6 (2.5) days) between countries (P = 0.2). In multivariate analyses, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, vitamin D binding protein and albumin-adjusted calcium (Caalb) explained 79% of variance in 25(OH)D3 half-life in Gambians, but no significant predictors were found in UK participants. For the countries combined, Caalb, PTH and plasma phosphate explained 39 % of half-life variability. 1,25(OH)2D, weight, PTH and country explained 81% of variability in 25(OH)D concentration; however, country alone explained 74%. CONCLUSION Factors known to affect 25(OH)D metabolism predict 25(OH)D3 half-life, but these differed between countries. Country predicted 25(OH)D, probably as a proxy measure for UVB exposure and vitamin D supply. This study supports the use of 25(OH)D half-life to investigate vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Jones
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK,
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FITZGERALD JOHNS, PETERSON BENJ, WILSON PATRICKB, RHODES GREGS, INGRAHAM STACYJ. Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Adiposity in Male Ice Hockey Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:655-61. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Scott D, Ebeling PR, Sanders KM, Aitken D, Winzenberg T, Jones G. Vitamin d and physical activity status: associations with five-year changes in body composition and muscle function in community-dwelling older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:670-8. [PMID: 25380294 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT High vitamin D and physical activity (PA) levels are independently associated with improved body composition and muscle function in older adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and PA status in maintenance of body composition and muscle function in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a 5-year prospective population-based study of Australian community-dwelling older adults. PARTICIPANTS Participants in the study included 615 community-dwelling volunteers aged 50 years old or older [61.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD) y; 48% female] randomly selected from electoral rolls and categorized according to baseline serum 25OHD (≥ or <50 nmol/L) and PA (≥ or <10,000 pedometer determined steps/d) levels as follows: high 25OHD and high PA (VitD+PA+); high 25OHD and low PA (VitD+PA-); low 25OHD and high PA (VitD-PA+); and low 25OHD and low PA (VitD-PA-). A subset of 518 participants completed accelerometer assessments during follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition and lower-limb muscle function were measured. RESULTS VitD+PA+ had significantly smaller increases in body fat over 5 years compared with other groups (all P < .05). Higher baseline pedometer-determined PA resulted in declines in total body fat (β = -.23 kg per 100 steps/d, P = .001) over 5 years for participants with high 25OHD but not those with low 25OHD (P > .05). Among participants with accelerometer data, these associations were generally mediated by higher levels of moderate/vigorous PA. CONCLUSIONS High vitamin D status appears to enhance PA-related declines in body fat during aging, but the mechanism may be greater amounts of outdoor moderate/vigorous PA rather than a direct effect of 25OHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- NorthWest Academic Centre and Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (D.S., P.R.E., K.M.S.), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences (P.R.E.), Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and Menzies Research Institute (D.A., T.W., G.J.), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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75
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Avila E, Durand-Carbajal M, Díaz L. Regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis and activity: focus on gestational vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nutrients 2015; 7:443-80. [PMID: 25584965 PMCID: PMC4303849 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has garnered a great deal of attention in recent years due to a global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency associated with an increased risk of a variety of human diseases. Specifically, hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women is highly common and has important implications for the mother and lifelong health of the child, since it has been linked to maternal and child infections, small-for-gestational age, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, as well as imprinting on the infant for life chronic diseases. Therefore, factors that regulate vitamin D metabolism are of main importance, especially during pregnancy. The hormonal form and most active metabolite of vitamin D is calcitriol. This hormone mediates its biological effects through a specific nuclear receptor, which is found in many tissues including the placenta. Calcitriol synthesis and degradation depend on the expression and activity of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 cytochromes, respectively, for which regulation is tissue specific. Among the factors that modify these cytochromes expression and/or activity are calcitriol itself, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, cytokines, calcium and phosphate. This review provides a current overview on the regulation of vitamin D metabolism, focusing on vitamin D deficiency during gestation and its impact on pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Euclides Avila
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marta Durand-Carbajal
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Shady MMA, Youssef MM, Shehata MA, El-Din EMS, ElMalt HA. Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Life Style and Dietary Factors in Egyptian Prepubescent Children. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:80-4. [PMID: 27275201 PMCID: PMC4877794 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There had been a growing evidence of high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency especially among children which may increase the risk of many chronic diseases in adulthood. AIM: Assessment of different lifestyles and dietary behaviour influencing the level of serum 25-OHD in a group of Egyptian prepubescent children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred boys and girls aged from 9 to 11 years were recruited from two primary public schools situated in Giza governorate in Egypt. A questionnaire was developed to obtain relevant information related to age, dietary habits, and physical activity. Thorough clinical examination and measurement of weight and height were performed. Body mass index was calculated. Serum samples were assayed for 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD). RESULTS: Low serum 25-OHD (< 20 ng/ml) was found in 11.5% of the whole sample. Mean serum 25-OHD was significantly lower in obese subjects and in those with low physical activity (p < 0.05). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that BMI and physical activity were the main predictors of serum 25-OHD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle factors in terms of physical activity and BMI may contribute significantly to the optimal vitamin D status of apparently healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mai M Youssef
- Child Health Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Shehata
- Child Health Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A ElMalt
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Vitamine D : sources, métabolisme et mécanismes d’action. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Roizen
- From the Department of Preventative Medicine, Wellness Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Lyndhurst, Ohio; †Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; and ‡Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abboud M, Gordon-Thomson C, Hoy AJ, Balaban S, Rybchyn MS, Cole L, Su Y, Brennan-Speranza TC, Fraser DR, Mason RS. Uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D by muscle and fat cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:232-6. [PMID: 24189546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status, measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration, is determined by rates of input and of degradation. The half-life of 25OHD is surprisingly long for a steroid and much longer than its blood transporter, vitamin D binding protein. There is some evidence to suggest that vitamin D itself is stored in fat, whereas 25OHD concentrations are usually related to muscle-related parameters such as lean body mass and exercise. Both muscle and fat cells come from the mesenchymal cell lineage. We recently published evidence for net uptake of 25OHD into differentiated muscle cells, in a process that was megalin dependent, and speculated that this uptake might contribute to the extended half-life of 25OHD. Whether 25OHD is also taken up into cells of the adipocyte lineage is not clear. In the current study, we used the C2 muscle cell line as a source of myoblasts that were differentiated in culture to myotubes and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes that were differentiated into adipocytes in culture. We incubated the cells with trititated 25OHD and measured net uptake 4 and 16h afterwards. Differentiated myotubes took up labeled 25OHD in a time-dependent process to a far greater extent than myoblasts. In contrast, pre-adipocytes, but not differentiated adipocytes, accumulated labeled 25OHD in a time-dependent manner, though to a lesser extent than myotubes. Myotubes, but not myoblasts, showed megalin expression by immunohistochemistry. Pre-adipocytes, but not adipocytes, also showed expression of megalin. Since skeletal muscle consists mainly of differentiated muscle cells, while adipose tissue is mainly differentiated fat cells, it seems likely that muscle, but not fat tissue, provides a large extravascular pool through which 25OHD circulates and that this protects 25OHD from degradation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Abboud
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Seher Balaban
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Mark S Rybchyn
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Louise Cole
- Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Yingying Su
- Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - David R Fraser
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia.
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Jones KS, Assar S, Harnpanich D, Bouillon R, Lambrechts D, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. 25(OH)D2 half-life is shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life and is influenced by DBP concentration and genotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3373-81. [PMID: 24885631 PMCID: PMC4207933 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is uncertainty over the equivalence of vitamins D2 and D3 to maintain plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the plasma half-lives of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in two distinct populations with different dietary calcium intake and 25(OH)D status. PARTICIPANTS Healthy men (aged 24 and 39 y), resident in The Gambia (n = 18) or the United Kingdom (n = 18) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS The intervention included an oral tracer dose of deuterated-25(OH)D2 and deuterated-25(OH)D3 (both 40 nmol). Blood samples were collected over 33 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 plasma half-lives, concentrations of 25(OH)D, and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and DBP genotypes were measured. RESULTS 25(OH)D2 half-life [mean (SD)] [13.9 (2.6) d] was shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life [15.1 (3.1) d; P = .001] for countries combined, and in Gambians [12.8 (2.3) d vs 14.7 (3.5) d; P < .001], but not in the United Kingdom [15.1 (2.4) d vs 15.6 (2.5) d; P = .3]. 25(OH)D concentration was 69 (13) and 29 (11) nmol/L (P < .0001), and the DBP concentration was 259 (33) and 269 (23) mg/L (P = .4) in The Gambia and United Kingdom, respectively. Half-lives were positively associated with plasma DBP concentration for countries combined [25(OH)D2 half-life: regression coefficient (SE) 0.03 (0.01) d per 1 mg/L DBP, P = .03; 25(OH)D3 half-life: 0.04 (0.02) d, P = .02] and in Gambians [25(OH)D2 half-life: 0.04 (0.01) d; P = .02; 25(OH)D3 half-life: 0.06 (0.02) d, P = .01] but not in UK participants. The DBP concentration × country interactions were not significant. DBP Gc1f/1f homozygotes had shorter 25(OH)D2 half-lives compared with other combined genotypes (P = .007) after correction for country. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D2 half-life was shorter than 25(OH)D3 half-life, and half-lives were affected by DBP concentration and genotype. The stable isotope 25(OH)D half-life measurements provide a novel tool to investigate vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D expenditure and aid in the assessment of vitamin D requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Jones
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (K.S.J., S.A., D.H., A.P., I.S.), Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Keneba (K.S.J., A.P.), The Gambia; Clinic and Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (R.B.) and Laboratory for Translational Genetics (D.L.), Katholieke Universiteit, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Vesalius Research Center (D.L.), VIB, Katholieke Universiteit, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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81
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Girgis CM, Mokbel N, Cha KM, Houweling PJ, Abboud M, Fraser DR, Mason RS, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Gunton JE. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in skeletal muscle of male mice and modulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) uptake in myofibers. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3227-37. [PMID: 24949660 PMCID: PMC4207908 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a range of muscle disorders, including myalgia, muscle weakness, and falls. In humans, polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with variations in muscle strength, and in mice, genetic ablation of VDR results in muscle fiber atrophy and motor deficits. However, mechanisms by which VDR regulates muscle function and morphology remain unclear. A crucial question is whether VDR is expressed in skeletal muscle and directly alters muscle physiology. Using PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (VDR-D6 antibody), we detected VDR in murine quadriceps muscle. Detection by Western blotting was dependent on the use of hyperosmolar lysis buffer. Levels of VDR in muscle were low compared with duodenum and dropped progressively with age. Two in vitro models, C2C12 and primary myotubes, displayed dose- and time-dependent increases in expression of both VDR and its target gene CYP24A1 after 1,25(OH)2D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D) treatment. Primary myotubes also expressed functional CYP27B1 as demonstrated by luciferase reporter studies, supporting an autoregulatory vitamin D-endocrine system in muscle. Myofibers isolated from mice retained tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and this increased after 3 hours of pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D (0.1 nM). No such response was seen in myofibers from VDR knockout mice. In summary, VDR is expressed in skeletal muscle, and vitamin D regulates gene expression and modulates ligand-dependent uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in primary myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (C.M.G., N.M., K.M.C., J.E.G.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2010; Faculties of Medicine (C.M.G., M.A., R.S.M., R.J.C.-B., J.E.G.) and Veterinary Science (D.R.F.) University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2145; Bosch Institute (M.A., R.S.M.), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (P.J.H.), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3000; The Kolling Institute of Medical Research (R.J.C.-B.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2065; Royal North Shore Hospital (R.J.C.-B.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2065; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (J.E.G.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2145; and St Vincent's Clinical School (J.E.G.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2010
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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83
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Abstract
Interest in Vitamin D has risen considerably recently with many athletes now advised to take daily vitamin D supplements. The reason for this interest is partly not only attributed to the resurgence of the Vitamin D-deficient disease rickets but also due to the discovery of a Vitamin D receptor in many tissues suggesting a more global role for Vitamin D than previously considered. Unlike the other vitamins that are obtained through the diet, Vitamin D is unique since endogenous synthesis following ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the predominant route of entry into systemic circulation. Moreover, Vitamin D could be better classed as a seco-steroid, given that its structure is similar to that of a steroid, and its production is derived from a cholesterol precursor (7-dehydrocholesteol) in the skin. The classification of Vitamin D status is currently subject to considerable debate with many authors opposing governing body recommendations. Regardless of the suggested optimal concentration, there is now growing evidence to suggest that many athletes are in fact Vitamin D deficient, especially in the winter months largely as a consequence of inadequate sun exposure, combined with poor dietary practices, although the consequences of such deficiencies are still unclear in athletic populations. Impaired muscle function and reduced regenerative capacity, impaired immune function, poor bone health and even impaired cardiovascular function have all been associated with low Vitamin D in athletes, however, to date, the majority of studies on Vitamin D have described associations and much more research is now needed examining causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Owens
- a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lifestyle factors and metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers: population-based cross-sectional study (FIN-D2D). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100235. [PMID: 25000408 PMCID: PMC4085035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level has been associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases. Our aim was to determine lifestyle and clinical factors that are associated with 25OHD level and to investigate connection of 25OHD level with metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers. Design In total, 2868 Finnish men and women aged 45–74 years participated in FIN-D2D population-based health survey in 2007. Participants that had a serum sample available (98.4%; n = 2822) were included in this study. 25OHD was measured with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Results The mean 25OHD level was 58.2 nmol/l in men (n = 1348) and 57.1 nmol/l in women (n = 1474). Mean 25OHD level was lower in the younger age groups than in the older ones (p<0.0001 both in men and women). This study confirmed that low physical activity (p<0.0001 both in men and women), smoking (p = 0.0002 in men and p = 0.03 in women) and high BMI (p<0.0001 in women) are factors that independently associate with low 25OHD level. Of the metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers high triglyceride concentration (p = 0.02 in men and p = 0.001 in women) and high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (p = 0.04 in men and p = 0.03 in women) were independently associated with low 25OHD level. Conclusions Higher age did not predict lower 25OHD level in this study population of aged 45–74 years which may derive from a healthy life-style of “active pensioners”. Low physical activity and smoking came up as independent lifestyle factors associated with low 25OHD level. Defining the molecular mechanisms behind the associations of 25OHD with low physical activity and smoking are important objective in future studies. The association of 25OHD with BMI, high triglyceride concentration and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio may be related to the role of vitamin D in inflammation, but more detailed studies are needed.
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Ponda MP, McGee D, Breslow JL. Vitamin D-binding protein levels do not influence the effect of vitamin D repletion on serum PTH and calcium: data from a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2494-9. [PMID: 24712573 PMCID: PMC4079311 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency, defined by the total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, is common and more prevalent among Blacks than whites. Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) levels vary with race and may modulate "bioavailable" levels of 25(OH)D. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of DBP levels on the functional response to vitamin D. SETTING AND DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D repletion for 2 mo, which took place at an outpatient research unit. Participants included 150 vitamin D-deficient (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 or placebo weekly for 8 weeks. This is a post-hoc analysis using DBP, 25(OH)D, PTH, and calcium levels. RESULTS Blacks had lower total 25(OH)D (12 vs 15 ng/mL, P < .001) and DBP levels (119 vs 234 μg/mL, P < .001) than non-Blacks. DBP levels were similar before and after vitamin D3 or placebo treatment (r = 0.98, P < .001). Baseline total 25(OH)D levels were a significant determinant of baseline PTH levels (P < .001). The change in total 25(OH)D was associated with the change in PTH (P < 0.001) and calcium levels (P < .05). In contrast, DBP levels were not a determinant of baseline PTH (P = .57) nor significantly related to changes in either PTH (P = .53) or calcium levels (P = .88). CONCLUSIONS DBP levels are stable in Blacks and non-Blacks, and do not change with correction of vitamin D deficiency. Even for individuals with total 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL, Blacks have significantly lower DBP levels than non-Blacks. However, within this range of total 25(OH)D, DBP levels do not influence the effect of vitamin D repletion on PTH or calcium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish P Ponda
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
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Girgis CM, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Turner N, Lau SL, Gunton JE. Effects of vitamin D in skeletal muscle: falls, strength, athletic performance and insulin sensitivity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:169-81. [PMID: 24256495 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accompanying the high rates of vitamin D deficiency observed in many countries, there is increasing interest in the physiological functions of vitamin D. Vitamin D is recognized to exert extra-skeletal actions in addition to its classic roles in bone and mineral homeostasis. Here, we review the evidence for vitamin D's actions in muscle on the basis of observational studies, clinical trials and basic research. Numerous observational studies link vitamin D deficiency with muscle weakness and sarcopaenia. Randomized trials predominantly support an effect of vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of falls in older or institutionalized patients. Studies have also examined the effect of vitamin D in athletic performance, both inferentially by UV radiation and directly by vitamin D supplementation. Effects of vitamin D in muscle metabolic function, specifically insulin sensitivity, are also addressed in this review. At a mechanistic level, animal studies have evaluated the roles of vitamin D and associated minerals, calcium and phosphate, in muscle function. In vitro studies have identified molecular pathways by which vitamin D regulates muscle cell signalling and gene expression. This review evaluates evidence for the various roles of vitamin D in skeletal muscle and discusses controversies that have made this a dynamic field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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