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Arur S. Signaling-Mediated Regulation of Meiotic Prophase I and Transition During Oogenesis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 59:101-123. [PMID: 28247047 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44820-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Generation of healthy oocytes requires coordinated regulation of multiple cellular events and signaling pathways. Oocytes undergo a unique developmental growth and differentiation pattern interspersed with long periods of arrest. Oocytes from almost all species arrest in prophase I of oogenesis that allows for long period of growth and differentiation essential for normal oocyte development. Depending on species, oocytes that transit from prophase I to meiosis I also arrest at meiosis I for fairly long periods of time and then undergo a second arrest at meiosis II that is completed upon fertilization. While there are species-specific differences in C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and mammalian oocytes in stages of prophase I, meiosis I, or meiosis II arrest, in all cases cell signaling pathways coordinate the developmental events controlling oocyte growth and differentiation to regulate these crucial phases of transition. In particular, the ERK MAP kinase signaling pathway, cyclic AMP second messengers, and the cell cycle regulators CDK1/cyclin B are key signaling pathways that seem evolutionarily conserved in their control of oocyte growth and meiotic maturation across species. Here, I identify the common themes and differences in the regulation of key meiotic events during oocyte growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Arur
- Department of Genetics, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Campos-Chillon F, Farmerie TA, Bouma GJ, Clay CM, Carnevale EM. Effects of aging on gene expression and mitochondrial DNA in the equine oocyte and follicle cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:925-33. [PMID: 25786490 DOI: 10.1071/rd14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that advanced mare age is associated with follicle and oocyte gene alterations. The aims of the study were to examine quantitative and temporal differences in mRNA for LH receptor (LHR), amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) in granulosa cells, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4D in cumulus cells and PDE3A, G-protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA in oocytes. Samples were collected from dominant follicles of Young (3-12 years) and Old (≥20 years) mares at 0, 6, 9 and 12h after administration of equine recombinant LH. LHR mRNA declined after 0h in Young mares, with no time effect in Old mares. For both ages, gene expression of AREG was elevated at 6 and 9h and EREG was expression was elevated at 9h, with higher expression in Old than Young mares. Cumulus cell PDE4D expression increased by 6h (Old) and 12h (Young). Oocyte GPR3 expression peaked at 9 and 12h in Young and Old mares, respectively. Expression of PDE3A increased at 6h, with the increase greater in oocytes from Old than Young mares at 6 and 9h. Mean GDF9 and BMP15 transcripts were higher in Young than Old, with a peak at 6h. Copy numbers of mtDNA did not vary over time in oocytes from Young mares, but a temporal decrease was observed in oocytes from Old mares. The results support an age-associated asynchrony in the expression of genes that are essential for follicular and oocyte maturation before ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd A Farmerie
- Washington State University, PO Box 647520, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Colin M Clay
- Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Tian X, Anthony K, Diaz FJ. Transition Metal Chelator Induces Progesterone Production in Mouse Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes and Corpora Lutea. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:374-383. [PMID: 27604975 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone production is upregulated in granulosa cells (cumulus and mural) after the LH surge, but the intra-follicular mechanisms regulating this transition are not completely known. Recent findings show that the transition metal chelator, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN), impairs ovarian function. In this study, we provide evidence that chelating transition metals, including zinc, enhances progesterone production. The findings show that TPEN (transition metal chelator) increases abundance of Cyp11a1 and Star messenger RNA (mRNA) between 8- and 20-fold and progesterone production more than 3-fold in cultured cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC). Feeding a zinc-deficient diet for 10 days, but not 3 days, increased Star, Hsd3b, and prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor (Ptgfr) mRNA ~2.5-fold, suggesting that the effect of TPEN is through modulation of zinc availability. Progesterone from cumulus cells promotes oocyte developmental potential. Blocking progesterone production with epostane during maturation reduced subsequent blastocyst formation from 89 % in control to 18 % in epostane-treated complexes, but supplementation with progesterone restored blastocyst developmental potential to 94 %. Feeding a zinc-deficient diet for 5 days before ovulation did not affect the number of CL, STAR protein, or serum progesterone. However, incubating luteal tissue with TPEN increased abundance of Star, Hsd3b, and Ptgfr mRNA 2-3-fold and increased progesterone production 3-fold. TPEN is known to abolish SMAD2/3 signaling in cumulus cells. However, treatment of COC with the SMAD2/3 phosphorylation inhibitor, SB421542, did not by itself induce steroidogenic transcripts but did potentiate EGF-induced Star mRNA expression. Collectively, the results show that depletion of transition metals with TPEN acutely enhances progesterone biosynthesis in COC and luteal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Tian
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health and Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Henning Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2236 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - K Anthony
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health and Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Henning Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health and Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, 206 Henning Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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54
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Jaffe LA, Egbert JR. Regulation of Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis by Intercellular Communication Within the Ovarian Follicle. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:237-260. [PMID: 27860834 PMCID: PMC5305431 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic progression in mammalian preovulatory follicles is controlled by the granulosa cells around the oocyte. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) generated in the granulosa cells diffuses through gap junctions into the oocyte, maintaining meiotic prophase arrest. Luteinizing hormone then acts on receptors in outer granulosa cells to rapidly decrease cGMP. This occurs by two complementary pathways: cGMP production is decreased by dephosphorylation and inactivation of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase, and cGMP hydrolysis is increased by activation of the PDE5 phosphodiesterase. The cGMP decrease in the granulosa cells results in rapid cGMP diffusion out of the oocyte, initiating meiotic resumption. Additional, more slowly developing mechanisms involving paracrine signaling by extracellular peptides (C-type natriuretic peptide and EGF receptor ligands) maintain the low level of cGMP in the oocyte. These coordinated signaling pathways ensure a fail-safe system to prepare the oocyte for fertilization and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; ,
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; ,
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55
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Mukherjee D, Majumder S, Roy Moulik S, Pal P, Gupta S, Guha P, Kumar D. Membrane receptor cross talk in gonadotropin-, IGF-I-, and insulin-mediated steroidogenesis in fish ovary: An overview. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 240:10-18. [PMID: 27616426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal steroidogenesis is critical for survival and reproduction of all animals. The pathways that regulate gonadal steroidogenesis are therefore conserved among animals from the steroidogenic enzymes to the intracellular signaling molecules and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the activity of these enzymes. Regulation of fish ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by gonadotropin (GtH) and GPCRs revealed interaction between adenylate cyclase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) and also MAP kinase pathway. Recent studies revealed another important pathway in GtH-induced fish ovarian steroidogenesis: cross talk between GPCRs and membrane receptor tyrosine kinases. Gonadotropin binding to Gαs-coupled membrane receptor in fish ovary leads to production of cAMP which in turn trans-activate the membrane-bound epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This is followed by activation of ERK1/2 signaling that promotes steroid production. Interestingly, GtH-induced trans-activation of EGFR in the fish ovary uniquely requires matrix-metalloproteinase-mediated release of EGF. Inhibition of these proteases blocks GtH-induced steroidogenesis. Increased cAMP production in fish ovarian follicle upregulate follicular cyp19a1a mRNA expression and aromatase activity leading to increased biosynthesis of 17β-estradiol (E2). Evidence for involvement of SF-1 protein in inducing cyp19a1a mRNA and aromatase activity has also been demonstrated. In addition to GtH, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and bovine insulin can alone induced steroidogenesis in fish ovary. In intact follicles and isolated theca cells, IGF-I and insulin had no effect on GtH-induced testosterone and 17a,hydroxysprogeaterone production. GtH-stimulated E2 and 17,20bdihydroxy-4-pregnane 3-one production in granulosa cells however, was significantly increased by IGF-I and insulin. Both IGF-I and insulin mediates their signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases leading to activation of PI3 kinase/Akt and MAP kinase. These kinase signals then activates steroidogenic enzymes which promotes steroid production. PI3 kinase, therefore considered to be an initial component of the signal transduction pathways which precedes MAP kinase in IGF-1 and insulininduced steroidogenesis in fish ovary. Thus, investigation on the mechanism of signal transduction regulating fish ovarian steroidogenesis have shown that multiple, apparently independent signal transduction pathways are needed to convey the message of single hormone or growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Mukherjee
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Roy Moulik
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Chandernagore College, Chandannagar, Hooghly, West Bengal 712136, India
| | - Puja Pal
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Taki Government College, Taki, Hasnabad, West Bengal 743429, India
| | - Shreyasi Gupta
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Guha
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhynendra Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara 802301, Bihar, India
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Puttabyatappa M, Al-Alem LF, Zakerkish F, Rosewell KL, Brännström M, Curry TE. Induction of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 by hCG Regulates Periovulatory Gene Expression and Plasmin Activity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:109-120. [PMID: 27813674 PMCID: PMC5412983 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased proteolytic activity is a key event that aids in breakdown of the follicular wall to permit oocyte release. How the protease activity is regulated is still unknown. We hypothesize that tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, plays a role in regulating periovulatory proteolytic activity as in other tissues. TFPI2 is secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is postulated to regulate physiological ECM remodeling. The expression profile of TFPI2 during the periovulatory period was assessed utilizing a well-characterized human menstrual cycle model and a gonadotropin-primed rat model. Administration of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased TFPI2 expression dramatically in human and rat granulosa and theca cells. This increase in Tfpi2 expression in rat granulosa cells required hCG-mediated epidermal growth factor, protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/2, p38 MAPK and protease activated receptor 1-dependent cell signaling. A small interferingRNA-mediated knockdown of TFPI2 in rat granulosa cells resulted in increased plasmin activity in the granulosa cell conditioned media. Knockdown of TFPI2 also reduced expression of multiple genes including interleukin 6 (Il6) and amphiregulin (Areg). Overexpression of TFPI2 using an adenoviral vector partially restored the expression of Il6 and Areg in TFPI2 siRNA treated rat granulosa cells. These data support the hypothesis that TFPI2 is important for moderating plasmin activity and regulating granulosa cell gene expression during the periovulatory period. We, therefore, propose that through these actions, TFPI2 aids in the tissue remodeling taking place during follicular rupture and corpus luteum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and
| | - Linah F. Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and
| | - Farnosh Zakerkish
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, and Stockholm IVF, Gothenburg, Sweden SE 405 30
| | - Katherine L. Rosewell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, and Stockholm IVF, Gothenburg, Sweden SE 405 30
| | - Thomas E. Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and
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57
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Wang Y, Hao X, Yang J, Li J, Zhang M. CREB activity is required for luteinizing hormone-induced the expression of EGF-like factors. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1116-1127. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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58
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Prochazka R, Blaha M. Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 activity during meiosis resumption in mammals. J Reprod Dev 2016; 61:495-502. [PMID: 26688146 PMCID: PMC4685214 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, resumption of oocyte meiosis occurs in large ovarian follicles after the
preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). The LH surge leads to the activation of a broad signaling
network in mural granulosa cells equipped with LH receptors. The signals generated in the mural granulosa
cells are further augmented by locally produced peptides or steroids and transferred to the cumulus cell
compartment and the oocyte itself. Over the last decade, essential progress has been made in the
identification of molecular events associated with the final maturation and ovulation of mammalian oocytes.
All new evidence argues for a multiple roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (MAPK3/1) in the
gonadotropin-induced ovulation processes. However, the knowledge of gonadotropin-induced signaling pathways
leading to MAPK3/1 activation in follicular cells seems limited. To date, only the LH-induced transactivation
of the epidermal growth factor receptor/MAPK3/1 pathway has been described in granulosa/cumulus cells even
though other mechanisms of MAPK3/1 activation have been detected in other types of cells. In this review, we
aimed to summarize recent advances in the elucidation of gonadotropin-induced mechanisms leading to the
activation of MAPK3/1 in preovulatory follicles and cultured cumulus-oocyte complexes and to point out a
specific role of this kinase in the processes accompanying final maturation of the mammalian oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Prochazka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
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59
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Rossi V, Lispi M, Longobardi S, Mattei M, Di Rella F, Salustri A, De Felici M, Klinger FG. LH prevents cisplatin-induced apoptosis in oocytes and preserves female fertility in mouse. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:72-82. [PMID: 27689876 PMCID: PMC5260508 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure and female infertility are frequent side effects of anticancer therapies, owing to the extreme sensitivity of the ovarian reserve oocytes to the damaging effects of irradiation and chemotherapy on DNA. We report here a robust protective effect of luteinizing hormone (LH) on the primordial follicle pool of prepubertal ovaries against the cisplatin (Cs)-induced apoptosis. In vitro LH treatment of prepubertal ovarian fragments generated anti-apoptotic signals by a subset of ovarian somatic cells expressing LH receptor (LHR) through cAMP/PKA and Akt pathways. Such signals, reducing the oocyte level of pro-apoptotic TAp63 protein and favoring the repair of the Cs-damaged DNA in the oocytes, prevented their apoptosis. Noteworthy, in vivo administration to prepubertal female mice of a single dose of LH together with Cs inhibited the depletion of the primordial follicle reserve caused by the drug and preserved their fertility in reproductive age, preventing significant alteration in the number of pregnancy and of delivered pups. In conclusion, these findings establish a novel ovoprotective role for LH and further support the very attracting prospective to use physiological 'fertoprotective' approaches for preventing premature infertility and risks linked to precocious menopause in young patients who survived cancer after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Lispi
- Medical Affair Department Fertility TA, Merck-Serono SAS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Mattei
- STA, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- UOC Oncologia Medica Senologica, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Salustri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca G Klinger
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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da Rosa PRA, Dau AMP, De Cesaro MP, dos Santos JT, Gasperin BG, Duggavathi R, Bordignon V, Gonçalves PBD. Mechanistic target of rapamycin is activated in bovine granulosa cells after LH surge but is not essential for ovulation. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:766-73. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PRA da Rosa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - AMP Dau
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - MP De Cesaro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - JT dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - BG Gasperin
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction - ReproPEL; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - R Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science; McGill University; Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - V Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science; McGill University; Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - PBD Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
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61
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Dau AMP, da Silva EP, da Rosa PRA, Bastiani FT, Gutierrez K, Ilha GF, Comim FV, Gonçalves PBD. Bovine ovarian cells have (pro)renin receptors and prorenin induces resumption of meiosis in vitro. Peptides 2016; 81:1-8. [PMID: 27060674 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a receptor that binds prorenin and renin in human endothelial and mesangial cells highlights the possible effect of renin-independent prorenin in the resumption of meiosis in oocytes that was postulated in the 1980s.This study aimed to identify the (pro)renin receptor in the ovary and to assess the effect of prorenin on meiotic resumption. The (pro)renin receptor protein was detected in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes, theca cells, granulosa cells, and in the corpus luteum. Abundant (pro)renin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was detected in the oocytes and cumulus cells, while prorenin mRNA was identified in the cumulus cells only. Prorenin at concentrations of 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8)M incubated with oocytes co-cultured with follicular hemisections for 15h caused the resumption of oocyte meiosis. Aliskiren, which inhibits free renin and receptor-bound renin/prorenin, at concentrations of 10(-7), 10(-5), and 10(-3)M blocked this effect (P<0.05). To determine the involvement of angiotensin II in prorenin-induced meiosis resumption, cumulus-oocyte complexes and follicular hemisections were treated with prorenin and with angiotensin II or saralasin (angiotensin II antagonist). Prorenin induced the resumption of meiosis independently of angiotensin II. Furthermore, cumulus-oocyte complexes cultured with forskolin (200μM) and treated with prorenin and aliskiren did not exhibit a prorenin-induced resumption of meiosis (P<0.05). Only the oocytes' cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels seemed to be regulated by prorenin and/or forskolin treatment after incubation for 6h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the (pro)renin receptor in ovarian cells and to demonstrate the independent role of prorenin in the resumption of oocyte meiosis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Minussi Pereira Dau
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pradebon da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Antunes da Rosa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Tusi Bastiani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Freitas Ilha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vasconcellos Comim
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, 97105-900, Veterinary Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Wilson K, Park J, Curry TE, Mishra B, Gossen J, Taniuchi I, Jo M. Core Binding Factor-β Knockdown Alters Ovarian Gene Expression and Function in the Mouse. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:733-47. [PMID: 27176614 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Core binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of a DNA-binding subunit, one of three runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) factors, and a non-DNA binding subunit, CBFβ. CBFβ is critical for DNA binding and stability of the CBF transcription factor complex. In the ovary, the LH surge increases the expression of Runx1 and Runx2 in periovulatory follicles, implicating a role for CBFs in the periovulatory process. The present study investigated the functional significance of CBFs (RUNX1/CBFβ and RUNX2/CBFβ) in the ovary by examining the ovarian phenotype of granulosa cell-specific CBFβ knockdown mice; CBFβ f/f * Cyp19 cre. The mutant female mice exhibited significant reductions in fertility, with smaller litter sizes, decreased progesterone during gestation, and fewer cumulus oocyte complexes collected after an induced superovulation. RNA sequencing and transcriptome assembly revealed altered expression of more than 200 mRNA transcripts in the granulosa cells of Cbfb knockdown mice after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in vitro. Among the affected transcripts are known regulators of ovulation and luteinization including Sfrp4, Sgk1, Lhcgr, Prlr, Wnt4, and Edn2 as well as many genes not yet characterized in the ovary. Cbfβ knockdown mice also exhibited decreased expression of key genes within the corpora lutea and morphological changes in the ovarian structure, including the presence of large antral follicles well into the luteal phase. Overall, these data suggest a role for CBFs as significant regulators of gene expression, ovulatory processes, and luteal development in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalin Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jan Gossen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Misung Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.W., J.P., T.E.C., B.M., M.J.), Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Women's Health Department (J.G.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, 5340-BH Oss, The Netherlands; and Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation (I.T.), Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Egbert JR, Uliasz TF, Shuhaibar LC, Geerts A, Wunder F, Kleiman RJ, Humphrey JM, Lampe PD, Artemyev NO, Rybalkin SD, Beavo JA, Movsesian MA, Jaffe LA. Luteinizing Hormone Causes Phosphorylation and Activation of the cGMP Phosphodiesterase PDE5 in Rat Ovarian Follicles, Contributing, Together with PDE1 Activity, to the Resumption of Meiosis. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:110. [PMID: 27009040 PMCID: PMC4939740 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.135897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The meiotic cell cycle of mammalian oocytes in preovulatory follicles is held in prophase arrest by diffusion of cGMP from the surrounding granulosa cells into the oocyte. Luteinizing hormone (LH) then releases meiotic arrest by lowering cGMP in the granulosa cells. The LH-induced reduction of cGMP is caused in part by a decrease in guanylyl cyclase activity, but the observation that the cGMP phosphodiesterase PDE5 is phosphorylated during LH signaling suggests that an increase in PDE5 activity could also contribute. To investigate this idea, we measured cGMP-hydrolytic activity in rat ovarian follicles. Basal activity was due primarily to PDE1A and PDE5, and LH increased PDE5 activity. The increase in PDE5 activity was accompanied by phosphorylation of PDE5 at serine 92, a protein kinase A/G consensus site. Both the phosphorylation and the increase in activity were promoted by elevating cAMP and opposed by inhibiting protein kinase A, supporting the hypothesis that LH activates PDE5 by stimulating its phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Inhibition of PDE5 activity partially suppressed LH-induced meiotic resumption as indicated by nuclear envelope breakdown, but inhibition of both PDE5 and PDE1 activities was needed to completely inhibit this response. These results show that activities of both PDE5 and PDE1 contribute to the LH-induced resumption of meiosis in rat oocytes, and that phosphorylation and activation of PDE5 is a regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Leia C Shuhaibar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Andreas Geerts
- Bayer Pharma AG, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Wunder
- Bayer Pharma AG, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nikolai O Artemyev
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sergei D Rybalkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph A Beavo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew A Movsesian
- Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Shimada M, Umehara T, Hoshino Y. Roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factor in the ovulation process. Reprod Med Biol 2016; 15:201-216. [PMID: 29259438 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-016-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) surge stimulates preovulatory follicles to induce the ovulation process, including oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and granulosa cell luteinization. The matured oocytes surrounded by an expanded cumulus cell layer are released from follicles to the oviduct. However, LH receptors are dominantly expressed in granulosa cells, but less in cumulus cells and are not expressed in oocytes, indicating that the secondary factors expressed and secreted from LH-stimulated granulosa cells are required for the induction of the ovulation process. Prostaglandin and progesterone are well-known factors that are produced in granulosa cells and then stimulate in both granulosa and cumulus cells. The mutant mice of prostaglandin synthase (Ptgs2KO mice) or progesterone receptor (PRKO mice) revealed that the functions were essential to accomplish the ovulation process, but not to induce the ovulation process. To identify the factors initiating the transfer of the stimuli of LH surge from granulosa cells to cumulus cells, M. Conti's lab and our group performed microarray analysis of granulosa cells and identified the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factor, amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG), and β-cellulin (BTC) that act on EGF receptor (EGFR) and then induce the ERK1/2 and Ca2+-PLC pathways in cumulus cells. When each of the pathways was down-regulated using a pharmacological approach or gene targeting study, the induction of cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation were dramatically suppressed, indicating that both pathways are inducers of the ovulation process. However, an in vitro culture study also revealed that the EGFR-induced unphysiological activation of PKC in cumulus cells accelerated oocyte maturation with low cytostatic activity. Thus, the matured oocytes are not arrested at the metaphase II (MII) stage and then spontaneously form pronuclei. The expression of another type of EGF-like factor, neuregulin 1 (NRG1), that does not act on EGFR, but selectively binds to ErbB3 is observed in granulosa cells after the LH surge. NRG1 supports EGFR-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but reduces PKC activity to physiological level in the cumulus cells, which delays the timing of meiotic maturation of oocytes to adjust the timing of ovulation. Thus, both types of EGF-like factor are rapidly induced by LH surge and then stimulate cumulus cells to control ERK1/2 and PKC pathways, which results in the release of matured oocytes with a fertilization competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528 Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528 Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yumi Hoshino
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528 Hiroshima Japan
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65
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Bar-Joseph H, Ben-Ami I, Ron-El R, Shalgi R, Chuderland D. Pigment epithelium-derived factor regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin in granulosa cells. Reproduction 2016; 151:179-85. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a known trigger of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a potentially life-threatening complication of assisted reproduction. Administration of hCG results in the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the ovary. We have previously shown that expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in granulosa cell line is regulated by hCG, reciprocally to VEGF, and that the PEDF–VEGF balance is impaired in OHSS. Our aim was to explore the signaling network by which hCG downregulates the expression of PEDF mRNA and protein in granulosa cells. We applied specific chemical inhibitors and stimuli to human primary granulosa cells and rat granulosa cell line. We found that PKA and protein kinase C, as well as EGFR, ERK1/2 and PI3K, participate in the signaling network. The finding that hCG-induced PEDF downregulation and VEGF upregulation are mediated by similar signaling cascades emphasizes the delicate regulation of ovarian angiogenesis.
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66
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Franciosi F, Manandhar S, Conti M. FSH Regulates mRNA Translation in Mouse Oocytes and Promotes Developmental Competence. Endocrinology 2016; 157:872-82. [PMID: 26653334 PMCID: PMC4733122 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in assisted reproductive technology is to develop conditions for in vitro oocyte maturation yielding high-quality eggs. Efforts are underway to assess whether known hormonal and local factors play a role in oocyte developmental competence and to identify the molecular mechanism involved. Here we have tested the hypothesis that FSH improves oocyte developmental competence by regulating the translational program in the oocyte. Accumulation of oocyte proteins (targeting protein for the Xenopus kinesin xklp2 and IL-7) associated with improved oocyte quality is increased when cumulus-oocyte complexes are incubated with FSH. This increase is due to enhanced translation of the corresponding mRNAs, as indicated by microinjection of constructs in which the 3' untranslated region of the Tpx2 or Il7 transcripts is fused to the luciferase reporter. A transient activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-phosphate/AKT cascade in the oocyte preceded the increase in translation. When the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is down-regulated in follicular cells, the FSH-induced rate of maternal mRNA translation and AKT activation were lost, demonstrating that the effects of FSH are indirect and require EGF receptor signaling in the somatic compartment. Using Pten(fl/fl):Zp3cre oocytes in which the AKT is constitutively activated, translation of reporters was increased and was no longer sensitive to FSH stimulation. More importantly, the oocytes lacking the phosphate and tensin homolog gene showed increased developmental competence, even when cultured in the absence of FSH or growth factors. Thus, we demonstrate that FSH intersects with the follicular EGF network to activate the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-phosphate/AKT cascade in the oocyte to control translation and developmental competence. These findings provide a molecular rationale for the use of FSH to improve egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Franciosi
- Center for Reproductive Sciences (F.F., S.M., M.C.), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research (F.F., M.C.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (F.F., M.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Shila Manandhar
- Center for Reproductive Sciences (F.F., S.M., M.C.), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research (F.F., M.C.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (F.F., M.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Marco Conti
- Center for Reproductive Sciences (F.F., S.M., M.C.), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research (F.F., M.C.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (F.F., M.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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67
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Xie L, Tang Q, Yang L, Chen L. Insulin-like growth factor I promotes oocyte maturation through increasing the expression and phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the zebrafish ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:198-207. [PMID: 26599586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The resumption of oocyte meiosis is a critical step for the progression of oocyte development, which requires an intimate collaboration of a variety of hormones and growth factors. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) family are well recognized to promote oocyte maturation. However, the mechanism by which they coordinate this process remains unknown. The present study demonstrated that IGF-I can increase egfr mRNA and protein levels in follicle cell culture or intact follicles. This stimulation can be significantly inhibited by IGF-IR specific inhibitor, NVP-ADW742. The inhibitors against phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt also dramatically abolished IGF-I-induced egfr expression, suggesting that the classical PI3K/Akt pathway mediated the action of IGF-I in this regulation. We further found that not only was the protein level of Egfr increased, but also the phosphorylation level was enhanced by IGF-I. Unlike egfr, IGF-I failed to stimulate the expression of Egf-like ligands whereas decreased the level of protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, kappa (ptprk), a protein tyrosine phosphatase. The oocyte maturation assay further confirmed that IGF-I initiates this regulation through its cognate receptor in the follicle cells. Taken together, IGF-I promoted oocyte maturation, in part at least, through Egf-like ligands/Egfr pathway. This study sheds light on the cross-talk between two important growth factors in the zebrafish ovary and the mechanism underlying the IGF-I induction on oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | | | - Ling Yang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lianyi Chen
- Hubei Medical Association, Wuhan 430071, China
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Yang CR, Lowther KM, Lalioti MD, Seli E. Embryonic Poly(A)-Binding Protein (EPAB) Is Required for Granulosa Cell EGF Signaling and Cumulus Expansion in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:405-16. [PMID: 26492470 PMCID: PMC4701890 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB) is the predominant poly(A)-binding protein in Xenopus, mouse, and human oocytes and early embryos before zygotic genome activation. EPAB is required for translational activation of maternally stored mRNAs in the oocyte and Epab(-/-) female mice are infertile due to impaired oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and ovulation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of follicular somatic cell dysfunction in Epab(-/-) mice. Using a coculture system of oocytectomized cumulus oophorus complexes (OOXs) with denuded oocytes, we found that when wild-type OOXs were cocultured with Epab(-/-) oocytes, or when Epab(-/-) OOXs were cocultured with WT oocytes, cumulus expansion failed to occur in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). This finding suggests that oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) from Epab(-/-) mice fail to send and receive the necessary signals required for cumulus expansion. The abnormalities in Epab(-/-) CCs are not due to lower expression of the oocyte-derived factors growth differentiation factor 9 or bone morphogenetic protein 15, because Epab(-/-) oocytes express these proteins at comparable levels with WT. Epab(-/-) granulosa cells (GCs) exhibit decreased levels of phosphorylated MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase in response to lutenizing hormone and EGF treatment, as well as decreased phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. In conclusion, EPAB, which is oocyte specific, is required for the ability of CCs and GCs to become responsive to LH and EGF signaling. These results emphasize the importance of oocyte-somatic communication for GC and CC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Rong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Katie M Lowther
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Maria D Lalioti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Emre Seli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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69
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Behrouzi A, Colazo MG, Ambrose DJ. Alterations in bone morphogenetic protein 15, growth differentiation factor 9, and gene expression in granulosa cells in preovulatory follicles of dairy cows given porcine LH. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1249-57. [PMID: 26794084 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work, using porcine LH (pLH) in lieu of GnRH for synchronizing ovulation in dairy cows improved pregnancy rates without increasing plasma progesterone concentrations after ovulation. The LH profile is known to remain elevated above basal concentrations (≥1 ng/mL) for up to 20 hours in pLH-treated cows compared to less than 6 hours in GnRH-treated cows. Because LH triggers a cascade of signaling networks in the preovulatory follicle to promote final maturation and support oocyte competence, we hypothesized that dissimilar LH profiles will differentially regulate the intrafollicular factors and expression of downstream genes associated with improved oocyte competence. Specific objectives were to determine differences in the abundance of oocyte-secreted factors in the preovulatory follicular fluid and target genes in granulosa cells associated with oocyte competence, in response to exogenous porcine LH or GnRH-induced endogenous bovine LH exposure, in dairy cows. Follicular contents were aspirated by a transvaginal ultrasound-guided procedure from the preovulatory follicle of cyclic, nonlactating Holstein cows 21 ± 1 hour after administration of either pLH (25-mg) or GnRH (100-μg). Mature forms of bone morphogenetic protein 15, growth differentiation factor 9, and transforming growth factorβ1 were approximately 2-fold more abundant in pLH-treated cows which were exposed to an extended, low LH profile, than in GnRH-treated cows that had a short, high LH profile. The relative abundance of messenger RNA for cyclooxygenase-2, LH receptor, and progesterone receptor in granulosa cells, was about two-, eight-, and two-fold higher, respectively, in cows subjected to pLH than GnRH treatment. We infer that the improved pregnancy rate after pLH-induced ovulation reported previously, occurred through greater activation of intrafollicular transforming growth factor-β1 superfamily members, as these proteins promote cumulus expansion and oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Behrouzi
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T6H 5T6, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Marcos Germán Colazo
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - Divakar Justus Ambrose
- Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, T6H 5T6, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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70
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Yang L, Wei Q, Ge J, Zhao X, Ma B. MAPK3/1 is conducive to luteinizing hormone-mediated C-type natriuretic peptide decrease in bovine granulosa cells. J Reprod Dev 2015; 62:137-42. [PMID: 26655567 PMCID: PMC4848570 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a role as an oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) in many species,
including the bovine. However, the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) on CNP expression and its potential
mechanisms have not reported in the bovine. In the present study, we aimed to study the effects of LH on CNP
expression and to illuminate the potential molecular mechanism in this process. Our results showed that LH
induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinase3/1 (MAPK3/1)
activation and CNP mRNA decrease in cultured bovine granulosa cells. Further study revealed that LH suppressed
CNP expression via the MAPK3/1 signaling pathway, which was activated by the EGFR pathway. In conclusion, our
research suggested that MAPK3/1 is involved in LH-mediated decrease of CNP and that this process is related to
the EGFR and MAPK3/1 signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Peng J, Xin H, Han P, Gao K, Gao T, Lei Y, Ji S, An X, Cao B. Expression and regulative function of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 in the goat ovary and its role in cultured granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:104-15. [PMID: 26054746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) played a key role in female reproduction. However, its expression and function in goat are still unclear. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of goat TIMP3 was cloned from adult goat ovary; meanwhile, we demonstrated that putative TIMP3 protein shared a highly conserved amino acid sequence with known mammalian homologs. Real-time PCR results showed that TIMP3 was widely expressed in the tissues of adult goat. In the ovary, increasing expression of TIMP3 mRNA was discovered during the growth process of follicle and corpus luteum. Immunohistochemistry results suggested that TIMP3 protein existed in oocytes of all types of follicles, corpus luteum and granulosa and theca cells of primary, secondary, and antral but not primordial follicles. In vitro, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated the expression of TIMP3 in goat granulosa cells. hCG-induced TIMP3 mRNA expression was reduced by the inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, MAPK kinase, or p38 kinase. Functionally, over-expression of TIMP3 significantly increased apoptosis and decreased the viability of cultured granulosa cells. Knockdown of TIMP3 could decrease hCG-induced progesterone secretion and the mRNA abundance of key steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, p450scc and HSD3B) as well as ECM proteins (DCN and FN). These findings provided evidence that the hCG induced expression of TIMP3 may play an important role in regulating goat granulosa cell survival and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kexin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Teyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingnan Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengyue Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Yang WJ, Liu FC, Hsieh JS, Chen CH, Hsiao SY, Lin CS. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 level in human follicular fluid is a reliable marker of human oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:102. [PMID: 26337061 PMCID: PMC4559921 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in human follicular fluid, have any relationships with oocyte maturation in vivo and subsequent fertilization during in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. METHODS The follicular fluids were obtained from 150 female patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles and a total of 1504 oocytes were retrieved for analysis. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were measured using zymography assay. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 concentrations were quantitatively assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Human follicular fluid MMP-2 level was significantly associated with the rate of maturity of oocytes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the MMP-2 was significantly associated with the higher fertilization rate (P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between follicular MMP-9 and the maturation rate of oocytes. The TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 also showed no correlation with the oocyte maturation rate. CONCLUSIONS The level of gelatinase MMP-2 in human follicular fluid might be a reliable marker of mature oocytes during IVF/ICSI cycles. Furthermore, the MMP-2 expression has a strong association with higher fertilization rate. Further studies are needed to support this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
- Department of Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Taiwan IVF Group Center, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| | - Fon-Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wei Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hung Chen
- Department of Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, No.690, Sec. 2, Guangfu Road, Hsinchu City, 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
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73
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Sayasith K, Sirois J. Molecular characterization of a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM17) in granulosa cells of bovine preovulatory follicles. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:49-57. [PMID: 25917455 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM17) is thought to play a key role in the release of soluble and active epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG) in ovarian follicles but its transcriptional regulation in follicular cells remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to characterize the regulation of ADAM17 transcripts in bovine follicles prior to ovulation and to investigate its transcriptional control in bovine granulosa cells. To study the regulation of ADAM17 transcripts, RT-PCR analyses were performed using total RNA extracted from bovine follicles collected between 0 h and 24 h post-hCG. Results showed that levels of ADAM17 mRNA were low prior to hCG (0 h), markedly and transiently increased 6-12 h post-hCG (P <0.05), and returned to low baseline levels at 24 h post-hCG in granulosa and theca interna cells of preovulatory follicles. To determine the transcriptional control of ADAM17 expression, primary cultures of bovine granulosa cells were used. Forskolin (FSK) stimulation induced a pattern of ADAM17 mRNA up-regulation in vitro similar to that observed by hCG in vivo. 5'-Deletion mutagenesis studies identified a minimal region of the bovine ADAM17 promoter containing basal and FSK-inducible activities, which were dependent on the presence of a consensus AP1 cis-element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed an interaction between AP1 and the trans-acting factor Fra2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed an endogenous interaction between Fra2 and the ADAM17 promoter in granulosa cell cultures. FSK-inducible ADAM17 promoter activity and mRNA expression were suppressed by PKA and ERK1/2 inhibitors but not by a p38MAPK inhibitor, pointing to the importance of PKA and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the up-regulation of bovine ADAM17 mRNA. Collectively, these findings describe the gonadotropin/FSK-dependent up-regulation of ADAM17 transcripts in bovine preovulatory follicles and unravel for the first time some of the molecular mechanisms involved in ADAM17 gene expression in granulosa cells of a monoovulatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khampoun Sayasith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - Jean Sirois
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
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74
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Light A, Hammes SR. LH-Induced Steroidogenesis in the Mouse Ovary, but Not Testis, Requires Matrix Metalloproteinase 2- and 9-Mediated Cleavage of Upregulated EGF Receptor Ligands. Biol Reprod 2015. [PMID: 26203177 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.130971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion depend on luteinizing hormone (LH)-mediated upregulation of membrane-bound epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands, including amphiregulin, epiregulin, and betacellulin. These ligands then transactivate the EGF receptor (EGFR) after release by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, direct measurement of released EGF-like ligands or MMPs from granulosa cells has not been formally evaluated, nor has direct identification of responsible MMPs. Here we address these issues by analyzing LH-induced steroidogenesis, which is also MMP and EGFR dependent, in freshly isolated mouse primary granulosa cells. We demonstrate a correlation between amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNA induction and steroid production in LH-treated granulosa cells as well as in ovaries of human chorionic gonadotropin-treated mice. In contrast, LH does not alter Mmp1, Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp8, Mmp9, or Adam17 mRNA expression. We demonstrate that, in primary mouse granulosa cells, LH triggers release of soluble amphiregulin that correlates with steroid production, both of which are blocked by MMP2/9 inhibition, confirming that MMP2/9 likely regulates LH-induced amphiregulin release and downstream processes. Notably, LH does not alter secretion of MMP2/9 from primary granulosa cells, nor does it modulate MMP activity. These findings indicate that, in the ovary, LH dictates EGFR-mediated processes not by regulating MMPs, but instead by increasing EGF-like ligand availability. In contrast, LH stimulation of primary mouse Leydig cells does not induce EGF-like ligand expression or require MMP2/9 for steroidogenesis, confirming marked differences in LH receptor-induced processes in the testes. Our results suggest that MMP inhibition may be a means of attenuating excess ovarian steroid production in diseases like polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Light
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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75
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Shahed A, Simmons JJ, Featherstone SL, Young KA. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition influences aspects of photoperiod stimulated ovarian recrudescence in Siberian hamsters. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 216:46-53. [PMID: 25910436 PMCID: PMC4457603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Blocking matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vivo with inhibitor GM6001 impedes photostimulated ovarian recrudescence in photoregressed Siberian hamsters. Since direct and indirect effects of MMPs influence a myriad of ovarian functions, we investigated the effect of in vivo MMP inhibition during recrudescence on ovarian mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), Cyp19a1 aromatase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), amphiregulin (Areg), estrogen receptors (Esr1 and Esr2), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-1,-2,-3), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), its receptor VEGFR-2, and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Female Siberian hamsters were randomly assigned to one of four photoperiod groups: stimulatory long (LD) or inhibitory short (SD) photoperiods, or transferred from SD to LD for 2 weeks (post-transfer, PT). Half of the PT hamsters were injected (ip) daily with GM6001 (PTG). SD exposure reduced ovarian StAR, 3β-HSD, Cyp19a1, Esr1, Esr2, TIMPs 2-3, PCNA, VEGFR-2 and Ang-2 mRNA expression (p<0.05), and 2 weeks of photostimulation restored mRNA expression of 3β-HSD and PCNA and increased Areg and VEGFA mRNA expression in the PT group. GM6001 treatment during photostimulation (PTG) increased TIMP-1, -2 and -3 and PCNA mRNA, but inhibited Areg mRNA expression compared to PT. Neither photoperiod nor GM6001 altered EGFR expression. Results of this study suggest that in vivo inhibition of MMP activity by GM6001 may impede ovarian recrudescence, particularly follicular growth, in two ways: (1) directly by partially inhibiting the release of EGFR ligands like Areg, thereby potentially affecting EGFR activation and its downstream pathway, and (2) indirectly by its effect on TIMPs which themselves can affect proliferation, angiogenesis and follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Shahed
- Reproductive Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States
| | - Jamie J Simmons
- Reproductive Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States
| | - Sydney L Featherstone
- Reproductive Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States
| | - Kelly A Young
- Reproductive Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States.
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76
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Altered amphiregulin expression induced by diverse luteinizing hormone receptor reactivity in granulosa cells affects IVF outcomes. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 30:593-601. [PMID: 25911599 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of specific genes (LHR, AREG, EREG, EGFR, NPPC and NPR2) involved in peri-ovulatory signalling pathways induced by LH surge in granulosa cells was investigated, and their relationships with IVF outcomes analysed. mRNA levels of the genes of 147 infertile women undergoing IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with embryo transfer were evaluated. Compared with non-pregnant women, amphiregulin (AREG) mRNA levels in mural and cumulus graunulosa cells were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pregnant women, and were positively correlated with number of oocytes retrieved and good-quality embryos. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the remaining detected genes. To investigate the reason for the differences in AREG expression, mural granulosa cells were cultured and stimulated with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for 2-24 h. At 4 h after HCG stimulation, AREG and epiregulin mRNA expression peaked, with much greater increases in the pregnant group. The fold-change of AREG expression was positively correlated with number of good-quality embryos. No obvious correlation, however, was found between NPPC/Npr2 expression levels in granulosa cells and IVF outcomes. Altered AREG expression induced by diverse luteinizing hormone receptor reactivity in granulosa cells may provide a useful marker for oocyte developmental competency.
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Effects of AY9944 A-7 on gonadotropin-induced meiotic resumption of oocytes and development of parthenogenetic embryos in sheep. Theriogenology 2015; 83:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Follicle-stimulating hormone regulates expression and activity of epidermal growth factor receptor in the murine ovarian follicle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16778-83. [PMID: 25385589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414648111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility depends on the precise coordination of multiple events within the ovarian follicle to ensure ovulation of a fertilizable egg. FSH promotes late follicular development, including expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor by the granulosa cells. Expression of its receptor permits the subsequent LH surge to trigger the release of ligands that activate EGF receptors (EGFR) on the granulosa, thereby initiating the ovulatory events. Here we identify a previously unknown role for FSH in this signaling cascade. We show that follicles of Fshb(-/-) mice, which cannot produce FSH, have a severely impaired ability to support two essential EGFR-regulated events: expansion of the cumulus granulosa cell layer that encloses the oocyte and meiotic maturation of the oocyte. These defects are not caused by an inability of Fshb(-/-) oocytes to produce essential oocyte-secreted factors or of Fshb(-/-) cumulus cells to respond. In contrast, although expression of both Egfr and EGFR increases during late folliculogenesis in Fshb(+/-) females, these increases fail to occur in Fshb(-/-) females. Remarkably, supplying a single dose of exogenous FSH activity to Fshb(-/-) females is sufficient to increase Egfr and EGFR expression and to restore EGFR-dependent cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. These studies show that FSH induces an increase in EGFR expression during late folliculogenesis and provide evidence that the FSH-dependent increase is necessary for EGFR physiological function. Our results demonstrate an unanticipated role for FSH in establishing the signaling axis that coordinates ovulatory events and may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of some types of human infertility.
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79
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Zhang W, Chen Q, Yang Y, Liu W, Zhang M, Xia G, Wang C. Epidermal growth factor-network signaling mediates luteinizing hormone regulation of BNP and CNP and their receptor NPR2 during porcine oocyte meiotic resumption. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:1030-41. [PMID: 25348585 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) network, induced by luteinizing hormone (LH), plays an essential role during the regulation of oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and ovulation. Binding of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) to natriuretic receptor 2 (NPR2) generates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a key inhibitor that sustains porcine oocyte meiotic arrest. This correlation suggests that LH interacts with natriuretic-peptide signaling, possibly via the EGF network, to promote porcine meiotic resumption. In testing this hypothesis, we found that the majority of porcine oocytes remain arrested in the germinal-vesicle stage after 44 hr of co-culturing cumulus-oocyte complexes with 10(7) granulosa cells, which secreted active BNP and CNP; these natriuretic peptides associate with NPR2 on cumulus cells, thereby inhibiting porcine oocyte maturation. This inhibitory effect of BNP and CNP was relieved by EGF-like growth factors, whose expression naturally increases in granulosa cells 18 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin injection. LH and the EGF-like peptide amphiregulin (AREG) decreased BNP and CNP production in granulosa cells and down-regulated NPR2 expression in cumulus cells, which together decreased oocyte cGMP to levels that permit meiotic resumption. The effects of AREG on the gene expression of natriuretic-peptide signaling components and on oocyte maturation were completely blocked by the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478; the effect of LH, however, was only partially reversed by AG1478. Based on these results, LH regulates natriuretic-peptide signaling, although other pathways also cooperate with the EGF network to induce porcine oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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80
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Pan H, Cui H, Liu S, Qian Y, Wu H, Li L, Guan Y, Guan X, Zhang L, Fan HY, Ma Y, Li R, Liu M, Li D. Lgr4 gene regulates corpus luteum maturation through modulation of the WNT-mediated EGFR-ERK signaling pathway. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3624-37. [PMID: 24877628 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Luteal-phase insufficiency is one of the major causes of female infertility, but the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here we found that disruption of Lgr4/Gpr48, the newly identified receptor for R-spondins, greatly reduced female fertility in mice. The expression of Lgr4 was induced specifically in granulosa-lutein cells during luteinization. In Lgr4-deficient female mice, the estrous cycle was prolonged and serum progesterone levels were dramatically downregulated. In Lgr4(-/-) corpora lutea, the expression of key enzymes for steroidogenesis as well as common luteal marker genes was significantly decreased. Additionally, the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-ERK signaling was attenuated in Lgr4(-/-) granulosa-lutein cells. We found that the maturation of Lgr4(-/-) cells was impaired in cultured primary granulosa cells, but the defect was partially rescued by reactivation of EGFR signaling by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor treatment. We found that the expression of wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 (CTNNB1) downstream targets, including matrix metalloproteinase 9, which is a critical matrix metalloproteinase for activation of EGF-like factors, was significantly downregulated in Lgr4(-/-) ovaries. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibitor treatment attenuated human chorionic gonadotropin- but not heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor-induced ERK activation and luteinization in primary granulosa cells. Together, we report that Lgr4 modulates WNT-mediated EGFR-ERK signaling to facilitate corpus luteum maturation and ovarian steroidogenesis to maintain female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology (H.P., H.C., S.L., Y.Q., H.W., L.L., Y.G., X.G., L.Z., M.L., D.L.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission (H.P., R.L.), Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200032, China; Life Science Institute (H.-Y.F.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research (Y.M.), Hainan Reproductive Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China; and The Institute of Biosciences and Technology (M.L.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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81
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Zhen YH, Wang L, Riaz H, Wu JB, Yuan YF, Han L, Wang YL, Zhao Y, Dan Y, Huo LJ. Knockdown of CEBPβ by RNAi in porcine granulosa cells resulted in S phase cell cycle arrest and decreased progesterone and estradiol synthesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:90-8. [PMID: 24607812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cultured ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are essential models to study molecular mechanisms of gene regulation during folliculogenesis. CCAAT enhancer binding proteins β (CEBPβ) has been identified in the ovary and is critical for follicular growth, ovulation and luteinization in mice. In the present study, hormonal treatment indicated that luteinizing hormone (LH) and exogenous human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) significantly increased the expression of CEBPβ in porcine GCs. By RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ-ZsGreen Vector mediated recombinant pshRNA vectors, CEBPβ gene was successfully knocked down in porcine GCs, confirmed by mRNA and protein level analyzed by real time PCR and western blot, respectively. We further found that knockdown of CEBPβ significantly increased the expression of p-ERK1/2. Furthermore, CEBPβ knockdown arrested the GCs at S phase of cell cycle, but had no effects on cell apoptosis. More importantly, it markedly down regulated the concentration of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the culture medium. To uncover the regulatory mechanism of CEBPβ knockdown on cell cycle and steroids synthesis, we found that the mRNA expression of bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis), StAR and Runx2 (steroid hormone synthesis) was up-regulated, while genes related to apoptosis (Caspase-3 and p53), hormonal synthesis (CYP11A1) and cell cycle (cyclinA1, cyclinB1, cyclinD1) were down-regulated, suggesting that knockdown of CEBPβ may inhibit apoptosis, regulate cell cycle and hormone secretions at the transcriptional level in porcine GCs. Furthermore, knockdown of CEBPβ significantly increased the expression of PTGS2 and decreased the expression of IGFBP4, Has2 and PTGFR which are important for folliculogenesis in porcine GCs. In conclusion, this study reveals that CEBPβ is a key regulator of porcine GCs through modulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, steroid synthesis, and other regulators of folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Dan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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82
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Liu X, Xie F, Zamah AM, Cao B, Conti M. Multiple pathways mediate luteinizing hormone regulation of cGMP signaling in the mouse ovarian follicle. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:9. [PMID: 24740605 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) regulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) network is critical for oocyte maturation and the ovulatory process. Recent studies have indicated that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR2) play an important role in the control of meiotic arrest. Here, we investigated the involvement of the EGF network in the LH-dependent regulation of the CNP/NPR2 axis and cGMP accumulation. LH/hCG treatment causes a major decrease in both cGMP and the CNP precursor (natriuretic peptide precursor C [Nppc]) mRNA accumulation in vivo and in vitro. However, the cGMP downregulation precedes the decrease in Nppc mRNA by more than 1 h. Amphiregulin, an EGF-like factor, suppresses Nppc mRNA levels in cultured follicles to the same extent as LH, and this effect is completely prevented by the EGF receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor AG1478. However, the LH-dependent suppression of Nppc is insensitive to AG1478. Similarly, Nppc suppression by LH occurs in follicles from EGFR null mice. These findings document that EGFR signaling is sufficient to downregulate CNP, but is not necessary for LH action. When cGMP concentration in the follicle is measured, the short-term, but not long-term, LH effects on cGMP are prevented by AG1478, suggesting that ligand availability may be responsible for the late response. Human CG decreases the CNP-dependent cGMP synthesis in wild-type and EGFR knockdown cumulus-oocyte complexes. These findings demonstrate that redundant pathways are involved in the regulation of cGMP. EGFR-dependent events are involved in the short-term regulation of cGMP, whereas the long-term effects may involve regulation of the CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Alberuni Musa Zamah
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California
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83
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Richani D, Wang X, Zeng HT, Smitz J, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Pre-maturation with cAMP modulators in conjunction with EGF-like peptides during in vitro maturation enhances mouse oocyte developmental competence. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:422-35. [PMID: 24488930 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have independently shown that cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) modulation prior to in vitro maturation (IVM) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptide supplementation during IVM improve subsequent oocyte developmental outcomes. This study investigated the effects of an IVM system that incorporates these two concepts. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from pre-pubertal mice either 46 hr post-equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) (IVM) or post-eCG + post-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation (in vivo maturation; IVV). IVM COCs were treated with the cAMP modulators forskolin and IBMX for 1, 2, or 4 hr (pre-IVM phase) prior to IVM. COCs then underwent IVM with the EGF-like peptides amphiregulin or epiregulin, or with the common IVM stimulants follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or EGF. A pre-IVM phase increased the size of the subsequent blastocysts' inner-cell-mass compared to standard IVM, regardless of IVM treatment (P < 0.05). Unlike FSH or EGF, amphiregulin or epiregulin significantly increased blastocyst quality (trophectoderm and total cell numbers) and/or yield (P < 0.01) compared to standard IVM, and were the only treatments that produced blastocysts comparable to IVV-derived blastocysts. Forskolin acutely up-regulated EGF-like peptide mRNA expression after a 2-hr pre-IVM phase (P < 0.001), although EGF receptor and ERK1/2 activities were not significantly different than control. IVV-like levels of EGF-like peptide mRNA expression during IVM were maintained only by supplementing with EGF-like peptides and EGF, since expression levels induced by FSH were significantly lower in vitro than during IVV. However, EGF receptor and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels were not significantly different across treatment groups. In conclusion, a pre-IVM phase in conjunction with IVM in the presence of EGF-like peptides endows high oocyte developmental competence, as evidenced by increased embryo yield and/or quality relative to FSH and EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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84
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Sessions-Bresnahan DR, Carnevale EM. The effect of equine metabolic syndrome on the ovarian follicular environment. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1485-94. [PMID: 24663160 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in many species is associated with reduced fertility and increased risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is associated with obesity and characterized by insulin resistance, decreased adiponectin, and elevated insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These alterations can potentially disrupt follicular development and impair fertility. We hypothesized that mares with EMS have an altered follicular environment when compared to their normal counterparts, affecting gene regulation for follicle and oocyte maturation. Samples were collected from light-horse mares (11 to 27 yr) in a clinical assisted reproductive program. Mares were screened based on phenotype. Insulin sensitivity was determined by using two proxies, the reciprocal of the square root of insulin (RISQI) and the modified insulin-to-glucose ratio (MIRG). Insulin resistant mares (RISQI < 0.32 and MIRG > 5.50) were allocated to the EMS group (n = 8), and the remaining mares were considered normal controls (CON, n = 12). Follicular fluid (FF) and granulosa cells (GC) from preovulatory follicles were aspirated 24 ± 2 h after administration of a GnRH analog (SucroMate, 0.9 to 1.4 mg, i.m.) and hCG (Chorion, 1500 to 2000 IU, i.v.). After an overnight fast, blood was collected on the morning of follicle aspiration to evaluate serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines. Expression of 32 genes related to metabolism, follicle maturation, and oocyte maturation were assessed in GC. Concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and cytokines were highly correlated between serum and FF (P < 0.001). Insulin was lower (P < 0.001) in serum and FF of CON compared to EMS, but leptin and IL1β tended (P = 0.07 and P = 0.10, respectively) to be lower in FF of CON than EMS. Tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and FF was lower (P < 0.07 and P < 0.05, respectively) in CON than EMS. Conversely, adiponectin was higher (P < 0.05) in serum and FF in CON versus EMS. In GC from CON when compared to EMS, gene expression for epiregulin was elevated (P < 0.05) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 tended to be lower (P = 0.09). Our findings demonstrate that the intrafollicular environment in the mare is influenced by metabolic disease, consistent with findings in other species. Influences on follicular development, oocyte maturation, and subsequent offspring by perturbations due to metabolic disease need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Sessions-Bresnahan
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
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Chen J, Torcia S, Xie F, Lin CJ, Cakmak H, Franciosi F, Horner K, Onodera C, Song JS, Cedars MI, Ramalho-Santos M, Conti M. Somatic cells regulate maternal mRNA translation and developmental competence of mouse oocytes. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1415-23. [PMID: 24270888 PMCID: PMC4066669 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells divide and differentiate in a unique local microenvironment under the control of somatic cells. Signals released in this niche instruct oocyte reentry into the meiotic cell cycle. Once initiated, the progression through meiosis and the associated programme of maternal messenger RNA translation are thought to be cell autonomous. Here we show that translation of a subset of maternal mRNAs critical for embryo development is under the control of somatic cell inputs. Translation of specific maternal transcripts increases in oocytes cultured in association with somatic cells and is sensitive to EGF-like growth factors that act only on the somatic compartment. In mice deficient in amphiregulin, decreased fecundity and oocyte developmental competence is associated with defective translation of a subset of maternal mRNAs. These somatic cell signals that affect translation require activation of the PI(3)K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Thus, mRNA translation depends on somatic cell cues that are essential to reprogramme the oocyte for embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- 1] Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA [3] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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86
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Kim YJ, Ku SY, Kim YY, Liu HC, Chi SW, Kim SH, Choi YM, Kim JG, Moon SY. MicroRNAs transfected into granulosa cells may regulate oocyte meiotic competence during in vitro maturation of mouse follicles. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:3050-3061. [PMID: 23980055 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do microRNAs (miRNAs) in granulosa cells (GCs) affect oocyte maturation during ovarian follicle development? SUMMARY ANSWER Sophisticated regulation by miRNAs in ovarian GCs may improve oocyte maturation efficiency during ovarian follicle development. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The meiotic competence of oocytes depends on the follicle's potential to undergo appropriate maturation and is an important factor in infertility therapies such as IVF. The exact function of the GCs during follicular development remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION After in vitro maturation (IVM) and ovulation induction of isolated ovarian pre-antral follicles from 12-day-old female C57BL6 mice (n = 40), miRNA expression in the GCs was compared according to the maturity of the oocyte (metaphase I (MI) versus metaphase II (MII)). The miRNAs, which showed notable different expression, were modulated by transfection during IVM of follicles. MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS miRNA expression and candidate target gene expression in GCs of isolated murine ovarian pre-antral follicles were evaluated by real-time PCR after IVM. miR mimics and -inhibitors for selected miRNAs were transfected into the in vitro-maturated follicles, and ovulation, oocyte maturation and fertilization rates were compared. Candidate target gene expressions in GC were evaluated by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The relative expression of mmu-let-7b (0.78 ± 0.10, P = 0.016), mmu-let-7c (0.78 ± 0.12, P = 0.029), mmu-miR-27a (0.57 ± 0.18, P = 0.016) and mmu-miR-322 (0.59 ± 0.14, P = 0.008) was significantly lower in the GCs of follicles containing MII oocytes compared with those of MI oocytes. Transfection with a mmu-miR-27a-mimic sequence decreased the oocyte maturation rate compared with that for the control (9.4 versus 18.9%, P = 0.042), and transfection with mmu-let-7c-, mmu-miR-27a- and mmu-miR-322-inhibitor sequences increased the oocyte maturation rate by 1.5- to 2.0-folds compared with that for the control (40.6, 31.6, and 30.5%versus 18.9%, P < 0.001, P = 0.013, P = 0.021, respectively). The expression of IGFBP-2 was higher in GCs of MII than in the GCs of MI, and higher in miR-inhibitor transfection groups than in miR-mimic transfection groups and controls. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION An in vitro model was used in lieu of an in vivo model because of the ease of performing miRNA transfection in cell culture. However, studies have shown similarities and differences in in vivo versus in vitro cultured follicles. The findings of the present study need to be confirmed using in vivo maturation models and extended to evaluate developmental competence. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings suggest that sophisticated miRNA regulation in GCs may improve oocyte maturation efficiency during ovarian follicle development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A111539). None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Assidi M, Richard FJ, Sirard MA. FSH in vitro versus LH in vivo: similar genomic effects on the cumulus. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:68. [PMID: 24066945 PMCID: PMC3852229 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of gonadotropins to trigger oocyte maturation both in vivo and in vitro has provided precious and powerful knowledge that has significantly increased our understanding of the ovarian function. Moreover, the efficacy of most assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used in both humans and livestock species relies on gonadotropin input, mainly FSH and LH. Despite the significant progress achieved and the huge impact of gonadotropins, the exact molecular pathways of the two pituitary hormones, FSH and LH, still remain poorly understood. Moreover, these pathways may not be the same when moving from the in vivo to the in vitro context. This misunderstanding of the intricate synergy between these two hormones leads to a lack of consensus about their use mainly in vitro or in ovulation induction schedules in vivo. In order to optimize their use, additional work is thus required with a special focus on comparing the in vitro versus the in vivo effects. In this context, this overview will briefly summarize the downstream gene expression pathways induced by both FSH in vitro and LH in vivo in the cumulus compartment. Based on recent microarray comparative analysis, we are reporting that in vitro FSH stimulation on cumulus cells appears to achieve at least part of the gene expression activity after in vivo LH stimulation. We are then proposing that the in vitro FSH-response of cumulus cells have similitudes with the in vivo LH-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Assidi
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada.
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88
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Mishra M, Mishra V, Chaudhuri BP, Khanna VK, Mehrotra S, Ali S, Das M. Anomalies in ovary following oral exposure to oxytocin: Mechanistic studies. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Chung CK, Ge W. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induces MAPK3/1 phosphorylation in the zebrafish ovarian follicle cells independent of EGF/EGFR pathway. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 188:251-7. [PMID: 23644153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a luteinizing hormone (LH) analogue, induces MAPK3/1 phosphorylation in the granulosa cells and this event is largely dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity. However, whether this mechanism also works in other vertebrates such as fish remains unknown. Here, we showed that treatment of cultured zebrafish ovarian follicle cells with hCG also resulted in MAPK3/1 phosphorylation without affecting the total protein level of MAPK3/1. The phosphorylation level peaked at 5 min and then declined to the basal level after 40 min of hCG treatment. Further experiment showed that H89 (a PKA inhibitor) could abolish hCG-stimulated MAPK3/1 phosphorylation, but had no effect on EGF-induced phosphorylation, suggesting a mediating role for cAMP/PKA in hCG activation of MAPK3/1. On the other hand, AG1478 (an EGFR inhibitor) completely blocked EGF-stimulated MAPK3/1 phosphorylation, but had no effect on the hCG-induced MAPK3/1 phosphorylation. These data indicate that similar to its action in mammals, hCG/LH also stimulated MAPK3/1 phosphorylation in the zebrafish ovarian follicle cells; however, unlike the situation in the mammalian ovary, the hCG-stimulated MAPK3/1 phosphorylation in cultured zebrafish ovarian follicle cells was independent of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kin Chung
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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90
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Light A, Hammes SR. Membrane receptor cross talk in steroidogenesis: recent insights and clinical implications. Steroids 2013; 78:633-8. [PMID: 23380369 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Steroid production by all three major steroidogenic tissues, the adrenals, testes, and ovaries, is critical for survival and reproduction of all animals. As such, the pathways that regulate steroidogenesis are conserved between these tissues, from the steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors that synthesize steroids, to the intracellular signaling molecules and Gαs-coupled receptors that mediate the activity of these enzymes. Recent work has revealed another important conserved pathway in steroidogenesis: crosstalk between membrane G protein-coupled receptors and membrane receptor tyrosine kinases. Luteinizing hormone (LH) or adrencorticotropic hormone (ACTH) binding to their cognate Gαs-coupled membrane receptors in the gonads and adrenals, respectively, leads to cAMP-induced trans-activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, followed by activation of Akt and Erk signaling. These kinase signals then activate Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) protein, which promotes steroid production. Inhibition of this pathway abrogates both LH- and ACTH-induced steroidogenesis. Interestingly, LH-induced transactivation of the EGF receptor in the ovary uniquely requires matrix metalloproteinase-mediated release of EGF receptor ligands, and inhibition of these proteases blocks LH-induced steroidogenesis. Given this unique need for matrix metalloproteinases in ovarian steroidogenesis, MMP inhibition may prove to be useful when treating diseases of excess ovarian steroid production, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Light
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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91
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Richani D, Ritter LJ, Thompson JG, Gilchrist RB. Mode of oocyte maturation affects EGF-like peptide function and oocyte competence. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:500-9. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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92
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Park JI, Kim SG, Baek MW, Park TJ, Lim IK, Seo YW, Chun SY. B-cell translocation gene 2: expression in the rat ovary and potential association with adenine nucleotide translocase 2 in mitochondria. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 367:31-40. [PMID: 23267836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) is an anti-proliferative tumor suppressor gene that behaves as a transcriptional regulator. The present study investigated gonadotropin induction of Btg2 in the rat ovary and the mechanism of Btg2 action as a partner of mitochondrial protein adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (Ant2). Transient induction of Btg2 as well as Btg1 mRNA levels by LH/hCG was observed in ovarian granulosa cells. Btg2 protein levels were also stimulated by LH/hCG. LH-induced gene expression of Btg2 required ERK signal pathway. Studies of deletion mutants in HeLa cells showed that deletion of Btg2 C-terminus (Btg2/ΔC) abolished the interaction with Ant2. In fact, the expression levels of Btg2/ΔC construct were decreased in mitochondrial fraction. Btg2 was also expressed in mitochondria and interacted with Ant2 in preovulatory granulosa cells. Interestingly, a Btg2/ΔC construct inhibited an action of Btg2 wild-type on ATP and H(2)O(2) production. These findings demonstrate the gonadotropin stimulation of Btg2 in the ovary and, the physical interaction of Btg2 with Ant2 in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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93
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94
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Lee KB, Zhang M, Sugiura K, Wigglesworth K, Uliasz T, Jaffe LA, Eppig JJ. Hormonal coordination of natriuretic peptide type C and natriuretic peptide receptor 3 expression in mouse granulosa cells. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:42. [PMID: 23255339 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) and its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) regulate cGMP in ovarian follicles and participate in maintaining oocyte meiotic arrest. We investigated the regulation of Nppc expression in mouse granulosa cells in vivo and in vitro. In mural granulosa cells (MGCs) in vivo, eCG caused an increase in Nppc mRNA, and subsequent human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment caused a decrease. A culture system was established for MGCs isolated from follicles not stimulated with equine chorionic gonadotropin to further define the mechanisms controlling Nppc expression. In this system, expression of Nppc mRNA was increased by estradiol (E2), with augmentation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but FSH or luteinizing hormone (LH) alone had no effect. Thus, estrogens are important for regulating Nppc expression, probably by feedback mechanisms enhancing the action of gonadotropins. In MGCs treated with E2 plus FSH in vitro, subsequent treatment with EGF, but not LH, decreased Nppc mRNA. MGCs express higher levels of both Nppc and Lhcgr mRNAs than cumulus cells. Oocyte-derived paracrine factors suppressed cumulus cell Lhcgr but not Nppc expression. Thus, higher Nppc expression by MGCs is not the result of oocyte suppression of expression in cumulus cells. Another possible regulator of the LH-induced NPPC decrease is NPR3, an NPPC clearance receptor. Human chorionic gonadotropin increased Npr3 expression in vivo and LH increased Npr3 mRNA in cultured MGCs, independently of EGF receptor activation. Interestingly, despite the increase in Npr3 mRNA, the hCG-induced decrease in ovarian NPPC occurred normally in an Npr3 mutant (lgj), thus NPR3 probably does not participate in regulation of ovarian NPPC levels or oocyte development.
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95
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Puttabyatappa M, Brogan RS, Vandevoort CA, Chaffin CL. EGF-like ligands mediate progesterone's anti-apoptotic action on macaque granulosa cells. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:18. [PMID: 23136296 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A local autocrine/paracrine role for progesterone is an absolute requirement for corpus luteum formation in primates. Despite this, the mechanism(s) remain obscure, although existing data suggest an anti-apoptotic action to be central. There are a limited number of progestin-regulated gene targets identified in the luteinizing primate follicle, suggesting that a small number of important genes may mediate progesterone action. Possible gene targets could be the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG). Using macaques undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation cycles, we show that the phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR), ERK 1/2, and AKT increases 6 h after an ovulatory human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulus and remains activate through 24 h. Immunoreactive EREG and AREG ligands in the follicular fluid both increased in a time frame commensurate with EGFR phosphorylation. The mRNA expression of AREG and EREG in nonluteinized granulosa cells (NLGC) was induced in culture with hCG, an effect blocked by progesterone receptor (PGR) antagonists. Overexpression of PGR B in NLGC and treatment with a nonmetabolizable progestin did not increase either gene, indicating both progesterone and luteinizing hormone/CG are necessary. Addition of EGF and EGF-like ligands did not promote steroidogenesis in vitro by granulosa cells in the presence of gonadotropin, but were able to partially reverse RU486-induced cell death. These data suggest that progesterone promotes the expression of AREG and EREG, which in turn maintain viability of luteinizing granulosa cells, representing one possible mechanism whereby progesterone promotes corpus luteum formation in the primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, MS331 UKMC, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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Cho-Clark M, Larco DO, Semsarzadeh NN, Vasta F, Mani SK, Wu TJ. GnRH-(1-5) transactivates EGFR in Ishikawa human endometrial cells via an orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:80-98. [PMID: 24264576 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The decapeptide GnRH is known for its central role in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. In addition, it is also known to have local effects within peripheral tissues. The zinc metalloendopeptidase, EC 3.4.24.15 (EP24.15), can cleave GnRH at the Tyr(5)-Gly(6) bond to form the pentapeptide, GnRH-(1-5). The central and peripheral effect of GnRH-(1-5) is different from its parent peptide, GnRH. In the current study, we examined the effect of GnRH-(1-5) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and cellular migration. Using the Ishikawa cell line as a model of endometrial cancer, we demonstrate that GnRH-(1-5) stimulates epidermal growth factor release, increases the phosphorylation of EGFR (P < .05) at three tyrosine sites (992, 1045, 1068), and promotes cellular migration. In addition, we also demonstrate that these actions of GnRH-(1-5) are mediated by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 101 (GPR101). Down-regulation of GPR101 expression blocked the GnRH-(1-5)-mediated release of epidermal growth factor and the subsequent phosphorylation of EGFR and cellular migration. These results suggest that GPR101 is a critical requirement for GnRH-(1-5) transactivation of EGFR in Ishikawa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Cho-Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.J.W., M.C., F.V.) and the Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (D.O.L., T.J.W.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; and Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Neuroscience (S.K.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Barros CM, Satrapa RA, Castilho ACS, Fontes PK, Razza EM, Ereno RL, Nogueira MFG. Effect of superstimulatory treatments on the expression of genes related to ovulatory capacity, oocyte competence and embryo development in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:17-25. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple ovulation (superovulation) and embryo transfer has been used extensively in cattle. In the past decade, superstimulatory treatment protocols that synchronise follicle growth and ovulation, allowing for improved donor management and fixed-time AI (FTAI), have been developed for zebu (Bos indicus) and European (Bos taurus) breeds of cattle. There is evidence that additional stimulus with LH (through the administration of exogenous LH or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG)) on the last day of the superstimulatory treatment protocol, called the ‘P-36 protocol’ for FTAI, can increase embryo yield compared with conventional protocols that are based on the detection of oestrus. However, inconsistent results with the use of hormones that stimulate LH receptors (LHR) have prompted further studies on the roles of LH and its receptors in ovulatory capacity (acquisition of LHR in granulosa cells), oocyte competence and embryo quality in superstimulated cattle. Recent experiments have shown that superstimulation with FSH increases mRNA expression of LHR and angiotensin AT2 receptors in granulosa cells of follicles >8 mm in diameter. In addition, FSH decreases mRNA expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in oocytes, but increases the expression of both in cumulus cells, without diminishing the capacity of cumulus–oocyte complexes to generate blastocysts. Although these results indicate that superstimulation with FSH is not detrimental to oocyte competence, supplementary studies are warranted to investigate the effects of superstimulation on embryo quality and viability. In addition, experiments comparing the cellular and/or molecular effects of adding eCG to the P-36 treatment protocol are being conducted to elucidate the effects of superstimulatory protocols on the yield of viable embryos.
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98
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Sayasith K, Lussier J, Doré M, Sirois J. Human chorionic gonadotropin-dependent up-regulation of epiregulin and amphiregulin in equine and bovine follicles during the ovulatory process. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013. [PMID: 23178756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the expression and regulation of epiregulin (EREG) and amphiregulin (AREG) in ovarian follicles of large monoovulatory animal species. To characterize the gonadotropin-dependent regulation of EREG and AREG mRNAs in equine follicles prior to ovulation, extracts were prepared from equine follicles collected during estrus between 0 and 39h post-hCG and corpora lutea obtained on day 8 of the estrous cycle (day 0=day of ovulation). Results from RT-PCR/Southern blot analyses showed that levels of EREG and AREG mRNAs were very low in follicles obtained at 0h but increased thereafter (P<0.05), with maximal levels observed 33-39h post-hCG. This significant increase was observed in both granulosa and theca cells. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analyses confirmed the hCG-dependent induction of EREG protein in both cell types. RT-PCR/Southern blot analyses of ADAM17, which encodes an enzyme that cleaves and releases soluble bioactive EREG and AREG, showed that levels of its transcript were high and remained constant throughout the period studied. Studies on the hCG-dependent regulation of EREG and AREG in bovine preovulatory follicles in vivo showed that the induction of both transcripts was transient, observed predominantly at 6h post-hCG and localized only in granulosa cells. To characterize the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation on the expression of ovulation-related genes in granulosa cells of a large monoovulatory animal species, primary cultures of bovine granulosa cells were established. Results from RT-PCR analyses revealed that EREG and AREG mRNAs were induced by forskolin treatment in vitro; but the EGFR inhibitor PD153035 suppressed the forskolin-dependent induction of several ovulation-related transcripts, including PTGS2, PTGER2, TNFAIP6, PGR, MMP1, VEGFA, and CTSL2 mRNAs. Moreover, these transcripts were induced in granulosa cell cultures by EGF, an analog of EREG and AREG. Collectively, this study identifies differences in the temporal and cellular localization of EREG and AREG expression in equine and bovine preovulatory follicles, and underscores the potential role of follicular EGFR activation in the regulation of ovulation-regulated genes in large monoovulatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khampoun Sayasith
- Centre de recherche en reproduction animale and Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
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Liu N, Ma Y, Li R, Jin H, Li M, Huang X, Feng HL, Qiao J. Comparison of follicular fluid amphiregulin and EGF concentrations in patients undergoing IVF with different stimulation protocols. Endocrine 2012; 42:708-16. [PMID: 22678853 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors, such as amphiregulin (AR) and EGF, have emerged as mediators to propagate Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulus for the oocyte maturation throughout the preovulatory follicle, because cumulus cells and oocytes express few or no LH receptors. This study was to compare AR and EGF concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) among four controlled ovary stimulation (COS) protocols and to investigate the relationship between FF EGF-like growth factors and COS outcomes. Ninety-five patients who underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were treated by four different COS protocols, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol, GnRH-a ultra-long protocol, GnRH-a short protocol, and GnRH antagonist protocol. FF was taken on oocyte retrieval day. FF AR and EGF concentrations were measured and their correlations with COS outcomes were analyzed. FF AR concentration was significantly different from each other among four COS protocol groups (GnRH-a ultra-long protocol group, 186.12 ng/ml; GnRH-a long protocol group, 128.35 ng/ml; GnRH antagonist protocol group, 108.23 ng/ml; GnRH-a short protocol group, 77.13 ng/ml, p < 0.05). FF AR concentrations were higher in GnRH-a ultra-long and long protocol groups, while number of oocytes retrieval, available embryos, and good quality embryos in these two groups were also significantly higher than GnRH-a short protocol group and GnRH antagonist protocol group. FF AR concentration was positively correlated with available embryos, but negatively correlated with serum LH level on hCG day. FF EGF concentration had no relationship with COS parameters. Different COS protocols might have variable effects on AR synthesis. FF AR might be a good indicator to predict the number of oocytes and embryos. FF AR elevation may result in increasing the number of oocyte retrieval and embryo generation, consequently increased cumulative pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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Geister KA, Brinkmeier ML, Hsieh M, Faust SM, Karolyi IJ, Perosky JE, Kozloff KM, Conti M, Camper SA. A novel loss-of-function mutation in Npr2 clarifies primary role in female reproduction and reveals a potential therapy for acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:345-57. [PMID: 23065701 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered a new spontaneous mutant allele of Npr2 named peewee (pwe) that exhibits severe disproportionate dwarfism and female infertility. The pwe phenotype is caused by a four base-pair deletion in exon 3 that generates a premature stop codon at codon 313 (L313X). The Npr2(pwe/pwe) mouse is a model for the human skeletal dysplasia acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type (AMDM). We conducted a thorough analysis of the female reproductive tract and report that the primary cause of Npr2(pwe/pwe) female infertility is premature oocyte meiotic resumption, while the pituitary and uterus appear to be normal. Npr2 is expressed in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. We determined that the loss of Npr2 causes a reduction in the hypertrophic and proliferative zones of the growth plate, but mineralization of skeletal elements is normal. Mutant tibiae have increased levels of the activated form of ERK1/2, consistent with the idea that natriuretic peptide receptor type 2 (NPR2) signaling inhibits the activation of the MEK/ERK mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. Treatment of fetal tibiae explants with mitogen activated protein kinase 1 and 2 inhibitors U0126 and PD325901 rescues the Npr2(pwe/pwe) growth defect, providing a promising foundation for skeletal dysplasia therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Geister
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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