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Sambasivan R, Kuratani S, Tajbakhsh S. An eye on the head: the development and evolution of craniofacial muscles. Development 2011; 138:2401-15. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles exert diverse functions, enabling both crushing with great force and movement with exquisite precision. A remarkably distinct repertoire of genes and ontological features characterise this tissue, and recent evidence has shown that skeletal muscles of the head, the craniofacial muscles, are evolutionarily, morphologically and molecularly distinct from those of the trunk. Here, we review the molecular basis of craniofacial muscle development and discuss how this process is different to trunk and limb muscle development. Through evolutionary comparisons of primitive chordates (such as amphioxus) and jawless vertebrates (such as lampreys) with jawed vertebrates, we also provide some clues as to how this dichotomy arose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Paris, F-75015, France
- CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Paris, F-75015, France
- CNRS URA 2578, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, F-75015, France
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Mok GF, Sweetman D. Many routes to the same destination: lessons from skeletal muscle development. Reproduction 2011; 141:301-12. [PMID: 21183656 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and differentiation of vertebrate skeletal muscle provide an important paradigm to understand the inductive signals and molecular events controlling differentiation of specific cell types. Recent findings show that a core transcriptional network, initiated by the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs; MYF5, MYOD, myogenin and MRF4), is activated by separate populations of cells in embryos in response to various signalling pathways. This review will highlight how cells from multiple distinct starting points can converge on a common set of regulators to generate skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Fay Mok
- Division of Animal Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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