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Yang R, Tang Y, Chen X, Yang Y. Telocytes-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate aortic valve calcification by carrying miR-30b. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3935-3946. [PMID: 34165260 PMCID: PMC8497371 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is frequent in the elderly. Telocytes (TCs) are implicated in intercellular communication by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). This study investigated the role of TC-EVs in aortic valve calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS TCs were obtained and identified using enzymolysis method and flow cytometry. EVs were isolated from TCs using differential high-speed centrifugation method and identified using transmission electron microscope, western blot, and qNano analysis. The mouse model of CAVD was established. The changes of aortic valve activity-related indicators were analysed by ultrasound, and the expressions of TC markers CD34 and vimentin in mouse valve tissues were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot. The model mice were injected with TC-derived EVs. The expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin, and caspase-3 were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot. The calcification model of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) was established. TC-EVs were co-cultured with calcified VICs, and calcium deposition was detected using alizarin red S staining. miR-30b expression in calcified valvular tissues and cells was detected after EV treatment. miR-30b expression in TCs was knocked down and then EVs were extracted and co-cultured with calcified VICs. The target of miR-30b was predicted through bioinformatics website and verified using dual-luciferase assay. The levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins were detected. ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet showed decreased aortic valve orifice area, increased aortic transvalvular pressure difference and velocity, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, decreased CD34 and vimentin, and increased caspase-3, Runx2, and osteocalcin. The levels of apoptosis- and osteogenesis- related proteins were inhibited after EV treatment. TC-EVs reduced calcium deposition and osteogenic proteins in calcified VICs. EVs could be absorbed by VICs. miR-30b expression was promoted in calcified valvular tissues and cells after EV treatment. Knockdown of miR-30b weakened the inhibitory effects of TC-EVs on calcium deposition and osteogenic proteins. miR-30b targeted Runx2. EV treatment inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and knockdown of miR-30b in TCs attenuated the inhibitory effect of TC-EVs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION TC-EVs played a protective role in aortic valve calcification via the miR-30b/Runx2/Wnt/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ollivier A, Mahe MM, Guasch G. Modeling Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Organoids to Understand Healing and Regenerative Processes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061331. [PMID: 34072095 PMCID: PMC8230068 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a continuous series of organs from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, intestine and anus that allows digestion to occur. These organs are frequently associated with chronic stress and injury during life, subjecting these tissues to frequent regeneration and to the risk of developing disease-associated cancers. The possibility of generating human 3D culture systems, named organoids, that resemble histologically and functionally specific organs, has opened up potential applications in the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in epithelial wound healing and regenerative therapy. Here, we review how during normal development homeostasis takes place, and the role of the microenvironmental niche cells in the intestinal stem cell crypt as an example. Then, we introduce the notion of a perturbed niche during disease conditions affecting the esophageal–stomach junction and the colon, and describe the potential applications of organoid models in the analysis of human gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the perspectives of organoid-based regenerative therapy to improve the repair of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexane Ollivier
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Team, CEDEX 09, 13273 Marseille, France;
| | - Maxime M. Mahe
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- UMR Inserm 1235-TENS, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif–CHU de Nantes, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, CEDEX 1, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Géraldine Guasch
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Team, CEDEX 09, 13273 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence:
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Cox CB, Storm EE, Kapoor VN, Chavarria-Smith J, Lin DL, Wang L, Li Y, Kljavin N, Ota N, Bainbridge TW, Anderson K, Roose-Girma M, Warming S, Arron JR, Turley SJ, de Sauvage FJ, van Lookeren Campagne M. IL-1R1-dependent signaling coordinates epithelial regeneration in response to intestinal damage. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe8856. [PMID: 33963061 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe8856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Repair of the intestinal epithelium is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis. The response after epithelial damage needs to be local and proportional to the insult. How different types of damage are coupled to repair remains incompletely understood. We report that after distinct types of intestinal epithelial damage, IL-1R1 signaling in GREM1+ mesenchymal cells increases production of R-spondin 3 (RSPO3), a Wnt agonist required for intestinal stem cell self-renewal. In parallel, IL-1R1 signaling regulates IL-22 production by innate lymphoid cells and promotes epithelial hyperplasia and regeneration. Although the regulation of both RSPO3 and IL-22 is critical for epithelial recovery from Citrobacter rodentium infection, IL-1R1-dependent RSPO3 production by GREM1+ mesenchymal cells alone is sufficient and required for recovery after dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. These data demonstrate how IL-1R1-dependent signaling orchestrates distinct repair programs tailored to the type of injury sustained that are required to restore intestinal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Cox
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Elaine E Storm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Varun N Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - David L Lin
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Noelyn Kljavin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Naruhisa Ota
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Travis W Bainbridge
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Keith Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Tamura Y, Takata K, Eguchi A, Maeda M, Kataoka Y. Age-related changes in NG2-expressing telocytes of rat stomach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249729. [PMID: 33822814 PMCID: PMC8023479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NG2 immunoreactive cells (NG2 cells) are found in the brain and peripheral tissues including the skin, intestinal tracts, and bladder. In a previous study, we observed the presence of NG2 cells in the stomach using bioluminescence imaging techniques in NG2-firefly luciferase (fLuc) transgenic (Tg) rats. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize NG2 cells in the adult rat stomach. Immunohistochemical studies showed that NG2 cells were mainly present in the lamina propria and most of the cells were gastric telocytes, co-expressing CD34, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), with a small oval-shaped cell body and extremely long and thin cellular prolongations. In the rat stomach, NG2-expressing telocytes comprised two subpopulations: NG2+/CD34+/PDGFRα+ and NG2+/CD34+/PDGFRα-. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of NG2 gene in the aged rat stomach decreased relative to that of the young rat stomach and the decline of NG2 expression in aged rats was mainly observed in NG2+/CD34+/PDGFRα+ telocytes. These findings suggested age-related alterations in NG2+/CD34+/PDGFRα+ telocytes of rat stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Tamura
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kumi Takata
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Asami Eguchi
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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55
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Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome as Conditioned Medium Relieves Experimental Skeletal Muscle Damage Induced by Ex Vivo Eccentric Contraction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073645. [PMID: 33807453 PMCID: PMC8036477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) may offer promise for skeletal muscle repair/regeneration. Growing evidence suggests that the mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of such cells in muscle tissue reside in their ability to secrete bioactive molecules (secretome) with multiple actions. Hence, we examined the effects of MSC secretome as conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on ex vivo murine extensor digitorum longus muscle injured by forced eccentric contraction (EC). By combining morphological (light and confocal laser scanning microscopies) and electrophysiological analyses we demonstrated the capability of MSC-CM to attenuate EC-induced tissue structural damages and sarcolemnic functional properties’ modifications. MSC-CM was effective in protecting myofibers from apoptosis, as suggested by a reduced expression of pro-apoptotic markers, cytochrome c and activated caspase-3, along with an increase in the expression of pro-survival AKT factor. Notably, MSC-CM also reduced the EC-induced tissue redistribution and extension of telocytes/CD34+ stromal cells, distinctive cells proposed to play a “nursing” role for the muscle resident myogenic satellite cells (SCs), regarded as the main players of regeneration. Moreover, it affected SC functionality likely contributing to replenishment of the SC reservoir. This study provides the necessary groundwork for further investigation of the effects of MSC secretome in the setting of skeletal muscle injury and regenerative medicine.
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56
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Ji S, Traini C, Mischopoulou M, Gibbons SJ, Ligresti G, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Sha L, Farrugia G, Vannucchi MG, Cipriani G. Muscularis macrophages establish cell-to-cell contacts with telocytes/PDGFRα-positive cells and smooth muscle cells in the human and mouse gastrointestinal tract. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e13993. [PMID: 33020982 PMCID: PMC7902307 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Muscularis macrophages (MMs) not only mediate the innate immunity, but also functionally interact with cells important for gastrointestinal motility. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial relationship and types of contacts between the MMs and neighboring cells in the muscularis propria of human and mouse stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. METHODS The distribution and morphology of MMs and their contacts with other cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed variable shape and number of MMs according to their location in different portions of the muscle coat. By double labeling, a close association between MMs and neighboring cells, that is, neurons, smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), telocytes (TCs)/PDGFRα-positive cells, was seen. Electron microscopy demonstrated that in the muscle layers of both animal species, MMs have similar ultrastructural features and have specialized cell-to-cell contacts with smooth muscle cells and TCs/PDGFRα-positive cells but not with ICCs and enteric neurons. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES This study describes varying patterns of distribution of MMs between different regions of the gut, and reports the presence of distinct and extended cell-to-cell contacts between MMs and smooth muscle cells and between MMs and TCs/PDGFRα-positive cells. In contrast, MMs, although close to ICCs and nerve elements, did not make contact with them. These findings indicate specialized and variable roles for MMs in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility whose significance should be more closely investigated in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Ji
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simon J. Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Corresponding authors: Gianluca Cipriani, PhD, Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, 507-210-6402, ; Maria Giuliana Vannucchi MD, PhD, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Dept of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Viale G. Pieraccini,6, 50139 Florence, Italy, ; Lei Sha, MD, China Medical University, Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 77 Pu He Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning province, P. R. China,110122, 18900911003,
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Italy,Corresponding authors: Gianluca Cipriani, PhD, Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, 507-210-6402, ; Maria Giuliana Vannucchi MD, PhD, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Dept of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Viale G. Pieraccini,6, 50139 Florence, Italy, ; Lei Sha, MD, China Medical University, Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 77 Pu He Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning province, P. R. China,110122, 18900911003,
| | - Gianluca Cipriani
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Corresponding authors: Gianluca Cipriani, PhD, Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, 507-210-6402, ; Maria Giuliana Vannucchi MD, PhD, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Dept of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Viale G. Pieraccini,6, 50139 Florence, Italy, ; Lei Sha, MD, China Medical University, Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 77 Pu He Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning province, P. R. China,110122, 18900911003,
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Gomes VLDA, Braz JKFDS, Martins GM, Clebis NK, Oliveira MFD, Morais DB, Moura CEBD. Identification of telocytes in dystrophic mice testis. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eAI5737. [PMID: 33503147 PMCID: PMC7821952 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ai5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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58
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Miyashita N, Horie M, Suzuki HI, Saito M, Mikami Y, Okuda K, Boucher RC, Suzukawa M, Hebisawa A, Saito A, Nagase T. FOXL1 Regulates Lung Fibroblast Function via Multiple Mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 63:831-842. [PMID: 32946266 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0396oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts provide a structural framework for multiple organs and are essential for wound repair and fibrotic processes. Here, we demonstrate functional roles of FOXL1 (forkhead box L1), a transcription factor that characterizes the pulmonary origin of lung fibroblasts. We detected high FOXL1 transcripts associated with DNA hypomethylation and super-enhancer formation in lung fibroblasts, which is in contrast with fibroblasts derived from other organs. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in normal lung tissue indicated that FOXL1 mRNA and protein are expressed in submucosal interstitial cells together with airway epithelial cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that FOXL1 could control a broad array of genes that potentiate fibroblast function, including TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif)/YAP (Yes-associated protein) signature genes and PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α). FOXL1 silencing in lung fibroblasts attenuated cell growth and collagen gel contraction capacity, underscoring the functional importance of FOXL1 in fibroproliferative reactions. Of clinical importance, increased FOXL1 mRNA expression was found in fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissue. Our observations suggest that FOXL1 regulates multiple functional aspects of lung fibroblasts as a key transcription factor and is involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hebisawa
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and
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Liao Z, Chen Y, Duan C, Zhu K, Huang R, Zhao H, Hintze M, Pu Q, Yuan Z, Lv L, Chen H, Lai B, Feng S, Qi X, Cai D. Cardiac telocytes inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis following myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:268-291. [PMID: 33391474 PMCID: PMC7681094 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotion of cardiac angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium is a critical strategy for repairing and regenerating the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, effective methods to aid in the survival of endothelial cells, to avoid apoptosis in ischemic myocardium and to achieve long-term cardiac angiogenesis are still being pursued. Here, we investigated whether cardiac telocyte (CT)-endothelial cell communication suppresses apoptosis and promotes the survival of endothelial cells to facilitate cardiac angiogenesis during MI. Methods: CT exosomes were isolated from CT conditioned medium, and their miRNA profile was characterized by small RNA sequencing. A rat model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-mediated MI was assessed with histology for infarct size and fibrosis, immunostaining for angiogenesis and cell apoptosis and echocardiography to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and the LAD-MI model treated with CT exosomes or CT exosomal miRNA-21-5p in vitro and in vivo were assessed with cellular and molecular techniques to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Results: CTs exert therapeutic effects on MI via the potent paracrine effects of CT exosomes to facilitate the inhibition of apoptosis and survival of CMECs and promote cardiac angiogenesis. A novel mechanism of CTs is revealed, in which CT-endothelial cell communication suppresses apoptosis and promotes the survival of endothelial cells in the pathophysiological myocardium. CT exosomal miRNA-21-5p targeted and silenced the cell death inducing p53 target 1 (Cdip1) gene and thus down-regulated the activated caspase-3, which then inhibited the apoptosis of recipient endothelial cells under ischemic and hypoxic conditions, facilitating angiogenesis and regeneration following MI. Conclusions: The present study is the first to show that CTs inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted Cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis in myocardial infarction. It is believed that these novel findings and the discovery of cellular and molecular mechanisms will provide new opportunities to tailor novel cardiac cell therapies and cell-free therapies for the functional and structural regeneration of the injured myocardium.
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60
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Rosa I, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Romano E, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. Impairment in the telocyte/CD34 + stromal cell network in human rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:2274-2278. [PMID: 33350073 PMCID: PMC7882959 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs)/CD34+ stromal cells have recently emerged as peculiar interstitial cells detectable in a variety of organs throughout the human body. TCs are typically arranged in networks establishing unique spatial relationships with neighbour cells and likely contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by both cell‐to‐cell contacts and releasing extracellular vesicles. Hence, TC defects are being increasingly reported in different pathologies, such as chronic inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In this regard, TCs/CD34+ stromal cells have been shown to constitute an intricate interstitial network in the subintimal area of the normal human synovial membrane, but whether they are altered in chronic synovitis has yet to be explored. We therefore undertook a morphologic study to compare the distribution of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells between normal synovium and chronically inflamed synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using CD34 immunohistochemistry and CD31/CD34 double immunofluorescence. CD34 immunostaining revealed that, at variance with normal synovium, the inflamed and hyperplastic RA synovial tissue was nearly or even completely devoid of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells. Double immunofluorescence confirmed that almost all CD34+ tissue components detectable in RA synovium were blood vessels coexpressing CD31, while a widespread network of CD31−/CD34+ TCs was clearly evident in the whole sublining layer of normal synovium. In the context of the emerging diverse roles of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and structure, the remarkable impairment in their networks herein uncovered in RA synovium may suggest important pathophysiologic implications that will be worth investigating further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Hasebe T, Fujimoto K, Ishizuya-Oka A. Thyroid hormone-induced expression of Foxl1 in subepithelial fibroblasts correlates with adult stem cell development during Xenopus intestinal remodeling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20715. [PMID: 33244068 PMCID: PMC7693326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Xenopus laevis intestine during metamorphosis, stem cells appear and generate the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian one. We have previously shown that connective tissue cells surrounding the epithelium are essential for the stem cell development. To clarify whether such cells correspond to mammalian Foxl1-expressing mesenchymal cells, which have recently been shown to be a critical component of intestinal stem cell niche, we here examined the expression profile of Foxl1 in the X. laevis intestine by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Foxl1 expression was transiently upregulated only in connective tissue cells during the early period of metamorphic climax and was the highest just beneath the proliferating stem/progenitor cells. In addition, electron microscopic analysis showed that these subepithelial cells are ultrastructurally identified as telocytes like the mammalian Foxl1-expressing cells. Furthermore, we experimentally showed that Foxl1 expression is indirectly upregulated by thyroid hormone (TH) through Shh signaling and that TH organ-autonomously induces the Foxl1-expressing cells concomitantly with appearance of the stem cells in the tadpole intestine in vitro. The present results suggest that intestinal niche cells expressing Foxl1 are evolutionally conserved among terrestrial vertebrates and can be induced by TH/Shh signaling during amphibian metamorphosis for stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-0023, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujimoto
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-0023, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-0023, Japan.
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62
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Cell fate specification and differentiation in the adult mammalian intestine. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 22:39-53. [PMID: 32958874 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells at the bottom of crypts fuel the rapid renewal of the different cell types that constitute a multitasking tissue. The intestinal epithelium facilitates selective uptake of nutrients while acting as a barrier for hostile luminal contents. Recent discoveries have revealed that the lineage plasticity of committed cells - combined with redundant sources of niche signals - enables the epithelium to efficiently repair tissue damage. New approaches such as single-cell transcriptomics and the use of organoid models have led to the identification of the signals that guide fate specification of stem cell progeny into the six intestinal cell lineages. These cell types display context-dependent functionality and can adapt to different requirements over their lifetime, as dictated by their microenvironment. These new insights into stem cell regulation and fate specification could aid the development of therapies that exploit the regenerative capacity and functionality of the gut.
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63
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McCarthy N, Kraiczy J, Shivdasani RA. Cellular and molecular architecture of the intestinal stem cell niche. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1033-1041. [PMID: 32884148 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem and progenitor cells replicate and differentiate in distinct compartments, influenced by Wnt, BMP, and other subepithelial cues. The cellular sources of these signals were long obscure because intestinal mesenchyme was insufficiently characterised. In this Review, we discuss how recent mRNA profiles of mouse and human intestinal submucosa, coupled with fine-resolution microscopy and gene and cell disruptions, reveal a coherent picture of an organised tissue carrying cells with distinct molecular properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McCarthy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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64
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Romano E, Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Lucattelli E, Innocenti M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. A Two-Step Immunomagnetic Microbead-Based Method for the Isolation of Human Primary Skin Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165877. [PMID: 32824287 PMCID: PMC7461544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), commonly referred to as TCs/CD34+ stromal cells, are a peculiar type of interstitial cells with distinctive morphologic traits that are supposed to exert several biological functions, including tissue homeostasis regulation, cell-to-cell signaling, immune surveillance, and reparative/regenerative effects. At present, the majority of studies investigating these cells are mainly descriptive and focus only on their morphology, with a consequent paucity of functional data. To gain relevant insight into the possible functions of TCs, in vitro analyses are clearly required, but currently, the protocols for TC isolation are only at the early stages and not fully standardized. In the present in vitro study, we describe a novel methodology for the purification of human primary skin TCs through a two-step immunomagnetic microbead-based cell separation (i.e., negative selection for CD31 followed by positive selection for CD34) capable of discriminating these cells from other connective tissue-resident cells on the basis of their different immunophenotypic features. Our experiments clearly demonstrated that the proposed method allows a selective purification of cells exhibiting the peculiar TC morphology. Isolated TCs displayed very long cytoplasmic extensions with a moniliform silhouette (telopodes) and presented an immunophenotypic profile (CD31−/CD34+/PDGFRα+/vimentin+) that unequivocally differentiates them from endothelial cells (CD31+/CD34+/PDGFRα−/vimentin+) and fibroblasts (CD31−/CD34−/PDGFRα+/vimentin+). This novel methodology for the isolation of TCs lays the groundwork for further research aimed at elucidating their functional properties and possible translational applications, especially in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (L.I.-M.)
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Elena Lucattelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Marco Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (L.I.-M.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (I.R.); (L.I.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758077
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Vannucchi MG. The Telocytes: Ten Years after Their Introduction in the Scientific Literature. An Update on Their Morphology, Distribution, and Potential Roles in the Gut. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4478. [PMID: 32599706 PMCID: PMC7352570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten years ago, the term 'telocyte' was introduced in the scientific literature to describe a 'new' cell type described in the connective tissue of several organs by Popescu and Faussone-Pellegrini (2010). Since then, 368 papers containing the term 'telocyte' have been published, 261 of them in the last five years. These numbers underscore the growing interest in this cell type in the scientific community and the general acceptance of the name telocyte to indicate this interstitial cell. Most of these studies, while confirming the importance of transmission electron microscopy to identify the telocytes with certainty, highlight the variability of their immune phenotypes. This variability was interpreted as due to (i) the ability of the telocytes to adapt to the different sites in which they reside; (ii) the distinct functions they are likely to perform; and (iii) the existence of telocyte subtypes. In the present paper, an overview of the last 10 years of literature on telocytes located in the gut will be attempted, confining the revision to the morphological findings. A distinct chapter will be dedicated to the recently hypothesized role of the telocytes the intestinal mucosa. Through this review, it will be shown that telocytes, despite their variability, are a unique interstitial cell.
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66
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Cretoiu D, Roatesi S, Bica I, Plesca C, Stefan A, Bajenaru O, Condrat CE, Cretoiu SM. Simulation and Modeling of Telocytes Behavior in Signaling and Intercellular Communication Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072615. [PMID: 32283771 PMCID: PMC7177713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Telocytes (TCs) are unique interstitial or stromal cells of mesodermal origin, defined by long cellular extensions called telopodes (Tps) which form a network, connecting them to surrounding cells. TCs were previously found around stem and progenitor cells, and were thought to be most likely involved in local tissue metabolic equilibrium and regeneration. The roles of telocytes are still under scientific scrutiny, with existing studies suggesting they possess various functions depending on their location. Methods: Human myometrium biopsies were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women, telocytes were then investigated in myometrial interstitial cell cultures based on morphological criteria and later prepared for time-lapse microscopy. Semi-analytical and numerical solutions were developed to highlight the geometric characteristics and the behavior of telocytes. Results: Results were gathered in a database which would further allow efficient telocyte tracking and indexing in a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) of digital medical images. Mathematical analysis revealed pivotal information regarding the homogeneity, hardness and resistance of telocytes’ structure. Cellular activity models were monitored in vitro, therefore supporting the creation of databases of telocyte images. Conclusions: The obtained images were analyzed, using segmentation techniques and mathematical models in conjunction with computer simulation, in order to depict TCs behavior in relation to surrounding cells. This paper brings an important contribution to the development of bioinformatics systems by creating software-based telocyte models that could be used both for diagnostic and educational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (S.M.C.)
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Roatesi
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Information Systems and Cyber Security, “Ferdinand I” Military Technical Academy, 050141 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ion Bica
- Department of Computers and Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Systems and Cyber Security, “Ferdinand I” Military Technical Academy, 050141 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cezar Plesca
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Information Systems and Cyber Security, “Ferdinand I” Military Technical Academy, 050141 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Amado Stefan
- Department of Integrated Systems of Aviation and Mechanics, Faculty of Aircraft and Military Vehicles, Technical Military Academy “Ferdinand I”, 050141 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.C.); (S.M.C.)
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