51
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Zhang LJ, Chiou CT, Cheng JJ, Huang HC, Yang Kuo LM, Liao CC, Bastow KF, Lee KH, Kuo YH. Cytotoxic polyisoprenyl benzophenonoids from Garcinia subelliptica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:557-62. [PMID: 20232858 PMCID: PMC2860718 DOI: 10.1021/np900620y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Six new polyisoprenyl benzophenonoids, (+/-)-garcinialiptone A (1, 2), garcinialiptone B (3), (-)-cycloxanthochymol (4), garcinialiptone C (5), and garcinialiptone D (6), along with three known compounds, xanthochymol (7), isoxanthochymol (8), and cycloxanthochymol (9), were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia subelliptica. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Biological evaluation showed that all compounds 1-9 exhibited cytotoxic activity against a small panel of human tumor cell lines (A549, DU145, KB, vincristine-resistant KB).
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Benzophenones/chemistry
- Benzophenones/isolation & purification
- Benzophenones/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Fruit/chemistry
- Garcinia/chemistry
- Humans
- KB Cells
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Zhang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Yang Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Liao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth F. Bastow
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University or North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University or North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichuang 404, Taiwan
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52
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Masullo M, Bassarello C, Bifulco G, Piacente S. Polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives from the fruits of Garcinia cambogia and their absolute configuration by quantum chemical circular dichroism calculations. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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53
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Cheng AC, Tsai ML, Liu CM, Lee MF, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. Garcinol inhibits cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells through induction of ROS-dependent apoptosis. Food Funct 2010; 1:301-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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54
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Padhye S, Ahmad A, Oswal N, Sarkar FH. Emerging role of Garcinol, the antioxidant chalcone from Garcinia indica Choisy and its synthetic analogs. J Hematol Oncol 2009; 2:38. [PMID: 19725977 PMCID: PMC2743703 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-2-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol, harvested from Garcinia indica, has traditionally been used in tropical regions and appreciated for centuries; however its biological properties are only beginning to be elucidated. There is ample data to suggest potent antioxidant properties of this compound which have been used to explain most of its observed biological activities. However, emerging evidence suggests that garcinol could be useful as an anti-cancer agent, and it is increasingly being realized that garcinol is a pleiotropic agent capable of modulating key regulatory cell signaling pathways. Here we have summarized the progress of our current research knowledge on garcinol and its observed biological activities. We have also provided an explanation of observed properties based on its chemical structure and provided an insight into the structure and properties of chalcones, the precursors of garcinol. The available data is promising but more detailed investigations into the various properties of this compound, particularly its anti-cancer activity are urgently needed, and it is our hope that this review will stimulate further research for elucidating and appreciating the value of this nature's wonder agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Padhye
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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55
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Piccinelli AL, Campone L, Dal Piaz F, Cuesta-Rubio O, Rastrelli L. Fragmentation pathways of polycyclic polyisoprenylated benzophenones and degradation profile of nemorosone by multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1688-1698. [PMID: 19540134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyisoprenylated benzophenone (PPBs) with strong cytotoxic activity. It is the major constituent of Clusia rosea floral resin and brown Cuban propolis. Other PPBs found in Cuban propolis are oxidized and cyclized derivatives of nemorosone. The instability of PPBs carrying an enolizable 1,3-diketone system has been suggested, and the elucidation of this aspect is very fundamental for the evaluation of their biologic activity. Electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was employed to shed light on the origin of these derivatives of nemorosone and to define the stability of this natural product. For this purpose, we initially performed MS(n) experiments on seven related PPBs to obtain useful information for structural characterization of this class of compounds and to identify the degradation products of nemorosone. The proposed fragmentation pathways, supported by exact mass measurements, allowed the nature of side chains on the bicyclo core and the type and position of their modifications to be established. In a second part, the degradation profile of nemorosone under different conditions was investigated to assess the possible effects of isolation procedures, climatic, and storage conditions on its stability. Our results reveal that nemorosone undergoes rapid degradation in n-hexane and chloroform solutions. The degradation products, identified by HPLC-ESI/MS(n) and NMR, are identical to derivatives of nemorosone previously isolated from propolis and plants. Thus, these PPBs are artefacts formed predominantly during the extraction and purification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
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56
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Castro ML, Vilela WR, Zauli RC, Ikegaki M, Rehder VLG, Foglio MA, de Alencar SM, Rosalen PL. Bioassay guided purification of the antimicrobial fraction of a Brazilian propolis from Bahia state. Altern Ther Health Med 2009; 9:25. [PMID: 19643008 PMCID: PMC2731721 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Brazilian propolis type 6 (Atlantic forest, Bahia) is distinct from the other types of propolis especially due to absence of flavonoids and presence of other non-polar, long chain compounds, but presenting good in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity. Several authors have suggested that fatty acids found in this propolis might be responsible for its antimicrobial activity; however, so far no evidence concerning this finding has been reported in the literature. The goals of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the main pure fatty acids in the ethanolic extract and fractions and elucidate the chemical nature of the bioactive compounds isolated from Brazilian propolis type 6. Methods Brazilian propolis type 6 ethanolic extract (EEP), hexane fraction (H-Fr), major fatty acids, and isolated sub-fractions were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HRGC-FID), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three sub-fractions of H-Fr were obtained through preparative HPLC. Antimicrobial activity of EEP, H-Fr, sub-fractions, and fatty acids were tested against Staphyloccus aureus ATCC 25923 and Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt 1600 using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results EEP and H-Fr inhibited the growth of the microorganisms tested; nevertheless, no antimicrobial activity was found for the major fatty acids. The three sub-fractions (1, 2, and 3) were isolated from H-Fr by preparative HPLC and only sub-fraction 1 showed antimicrobial activity. Conclusion a) The major fatty acids tested were not responsible for the antimicrobial activity of propolis type 6; b) Sub-fraction 1, belonging to the benzophenone class, was responsible for the antimicrobial activity observed in the present study. The identification of the bioactive compound will improve the development of more efficient uses of this natural product.
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57
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Identification of a bioactive compound isolated from Brazilian propolis type 6. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5332-5. [PMID: 19497755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A prenylated benzophenone, hyperibone A, was isolated from the hexane fraction of Brazilian propolis type 6. Its structure was determined by spectral analysis including 2D NMR. This compound exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa tumor cells (IC(50)=0.1756microM), strong antimicrobial activity (MIC range-0.73-6.6microg/mL; MBC range-2.92-106microg/mL) against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Actinomyces naeslundii, and the results of its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were considered good.
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58
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Marti G, Eparvier V, Moretti C, Susplugas S, Prado S, Grellier P, Retailleau P, Guéritte F, Litaudon M. Antiplasmodial benzophenones from the trunk latex of Moronobea coccinea (Clusiaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:75-85. [PMID: 19054532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to find antimalarial drugs, a systematic in vitro evaluation on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1) was undertaken on sixty plant extracts collected in French Guiana. The methanol extract obtained from the latex of Moronobea coccinea exhibited a strong antiplasmodial activity (95% at 10microg/ml). The phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of eleven polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), from which eight showed potent antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranged from 3.3microM to 37.2microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marti
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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59
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Negi P, Jayaprakasha G, Jena B. Antibacterial activity of the extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata against food borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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60
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Benli M, Yiğit N, Geven F, Güney K, Bingöl Ü. Antimicrobial activity of endemicCrataegus tanacetifolia(Lam.) Pers and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2008; 26:844-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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61
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Christian OE, McLean S, Reynolds WF, Jacobs H. Prenylated Benzophenones from Hypericum Hypericoides. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800301107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Hypericum hypericoides (Clusiaceae) have yielded five prenylated benzophenone derivatives. Three of these are new: 18-hydroxy-7-epi-clusianone, 18-hydroxyclusianone, isolated as the acetate, and 18-hydroxyhyperibone K. The known compounds obtained were 7-epi-clusianone and clusianone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Christian
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Stewart McLean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - William F. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Helen Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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62
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Protiva P, Hopkins ME, Baggett S, Yang H, Lipkin M, Holt PR, Kennelly EJ, Bernard WI. Growth inhibition of colon cancer cells by polyisoprenylated benzophenones is associated with induction of the endoplasmic reticulum response. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:687-94. [PMID: 18470880 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyisoprenylated benzophenones derived from Garcinia xanthochymus have cytotoxic activity in vitro and antitumor activity in rodent models, but the mechanism is unknown. The purpose of our study was to examine in parallel molecular pathways that are targeted by 3 Garcinia-derived benzophenones-xanthochymol (X), guttiferone E (GE) and guttiferone H (GH), in 3 human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116, HT29 and SW480. The IC50 concentrations were determined and the cells were then treated with X, GE or GH at their respective IC50 or IC50x2 concentrations. Effects on the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry and caspase activation. Changes in gene expression were assessed with Illumina 24 K gene arrays. We found that X, GE and GH induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and G1 arrest at their IC50 concentrations and induced caspase activation at IC50 x 2 concentrations. An analysis of the changes in gene expression revealed that with all 3 compounds and all 3 cell lines there was a marked increase in expression of several genes, including XBP1, ATF4 and DDIT3/CHOP, which are components of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The DDIT4/REDD1 gene, an inhibitor of the mTOR survival pathway, was also up-regulated. Therefore, X, GE and GH appear to inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells, at least in part, by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and inhibiting the mTOR cell survival pathway. These combined effects may contribute to the anticancer activity of these novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Protiva
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-2817, USA.
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63
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Niwa M, Terashima K, Ishida T, Furukawa T, Takaya Y. Constituents of Green and Ripened Fruit of Garcinia subelliptica. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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64
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Leishmanicidal and cholinesterase inhibiting activities of phenolic compounds from Allanblackia monticola and Symphonia globulifera. Molecules 2007; 12:1548-57. [PMID: 17960072 DOI: 10.3390/12081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a preliminary antiprotozoal screening of several Clusiaceae species, the methanolic extracts of Allanblackia monticola and Symphonia globulifera showed high in vitro leishmanicidal activity. Further bioguided phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of four benzophenones: guttiferone A (1), garcinol (2), cambogin (3) and guttiferone F (4), along with three xanthones: allanxanthone A (5), xanthone V1 (6) and globulixanthone C (7) as active constituents. Compounds 1 and 6 were isolated from S. globulifera leaves, while compounds 2-5 were obtained from A. monticola fruits. Guttiferone A (1) and F (4) showed particulary strong leishmanicidal activity in vitro, with IC50 values (0.2 microM and 0.16 microM, respectively) comparable to that of the reference compound, miltefosine (0.46 microM). Although the leishmanicidal activity is promising, the cytotoxicity profile of these compounds prevent at this state further in vivo biological evaluation. In addition, all the isolated compounds were tested in vitro for their anticholinesterase properties. The four benzophenones showed potent anticholinesterase properties towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (AChE). For AChE, the IC50 value (0.66 microM) of garcinol (2) was almost equal to that of the reference compound galanthamine (0.50 microM). Furthermore, guttiferone A (1) and guttiferone F (4) (IC50 = 2.77 and 3.50 microM, respectively) were more active than galanthamine (IC50 = 8.5) against BChE.
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Cao S, Brodie PJ, Miller JS, Ratovoson F, Birkinshaw C, Randrianasolo S, Rakotobe E, Rasamison VE, Kingston DGI. Guttiferones K and L, antiproliferative compounds of Rheedia calcicola from the Madagascar rain forest. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:686-8. [PMID: 17348706 PMCID: PMC2464366 DOI: 10.1021/np070004i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract obtained from the fruits of Rheedia calcicola led to the isolation of two new guttiferone analogues, guttiferones K (1) and L (16-hydroxyguttiferone K) (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were established on the basis of extensive interpretation of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data. Both compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David G. I. Kingston
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (540) 231-6570. Fax: (540) 231-7702. E-mail:
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Kumar S, Chattopadhyay SK. High-performance liquid chromatography and LC-ESI-MS method for the identification and quantification of two biologically active polyisoprenylated benzophenones xanthochymol and isoxanthochymol in different parts of Garcinia indica. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:139-63. [PMID: 17120303 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of xanthochymol (1), and isoxanthochymol (2) in the fruit rinds, leaves and seed pericarps of Garcinia indica with confirmation using PDA detection and electrospray ionization MS. Absorption at 276 nm was chosen as the measuring wavelength at which resolution and baseline separation of compounds (1) and (2) could be obtained. The identity of the above two isomeric compounds (1) and (2) in the samples was unambiguously determined by their respective quasi-molecular ion [M - H]- in ESI-MS. Compounds (1) and (2) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in the above three samples of Garcinia indica. The overall analytical procedure is rapid and reproducible and is considered for the analysis of the above two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanshu Kumar
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
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67
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ciochina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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68
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Hamed W, Brajeul S, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Thoison O, Mons S, Delpech B, Nguyen VH, Sévenet T, Marazano C. Oblongifolins A-D, polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Garcinia oblongifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:774-7. [PMID: 16724839 DOI: 10.1021/np050543s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oblongifolins A-D (2-5), four new polyprenylated 3,4-dihydroxybenzoylphloroglucinol compounds, were isolated from the bark of Garcinia oblongifolia collected in Vietnam. The bark was also found to contain the known compounds camboginol and guttiferone B. Extraction of the leaves gave 2 and camboginol. Details of the structure elucidation of 2-5 and stereochemical comparisons with known natural derivatives of general formula 1a,b are presented. The biological activity of these compounds concerning interactions with tubulin was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Hamed
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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69
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Baggett S, Protiva P, Mazzola EP, Yang H, Ressler ET, Basile MJ, Weinstein IB, Kennelly EJ. Bioactive benzophenones from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:354-360. [PMID: 15787435 DOI: 10.1021/np0497595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A MeOH extract of Garcinia xanthochymus fruits was subjected to activity-guided fractionation, yielding two new benzophenones, guttiferone H (1) and gambogenone (2). Compound 1 contains a seven-membered ring attached to the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane system at positions 7 and 8 and displayed cytotoxicity in the SW-480 colon cancer cell line (IC(50) = 12 microM). Compound 2 has a novel benzophenone bicyclo[3.3.2]decane system and displayed cytotoxicity in the SW-480 colon cancer cell line (IC(50) = 188 microM). Both 1 and 2 induced apoptosis in SW-480 colon cancer cells and displayed antioxidant activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC(50) = 64 and 38.7 microM, respectively). The structures of 1 and 2 were established by 1D and 2D NMR data analysis. Eleven known compounds, aristophenone A, alloathyriol, amentoflavone, 3,8' '-biapigenin, cycloxanthochymol, (+/-)-fukugetin, (+/-)-fukugiside, guttiferone E, isoxanthochymol, (+/-)-volkensiflavone, and xanthochymol, were also obtained. The 11 known compounds were also tested against SW-480 colon cancer cells and in the DPPH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Baggett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
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Cuesta-Rubio O, Piccinelli AL, Rastrelli L. Chemistry and biological activity of polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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71
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Baggett S, Mazzola EP, Kennelly EJ. The benzophenones: Isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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72
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Rukachaisirikul V, Naklue W, Sukpondma Y, Phongpaichit S. An Antibacterial Biphenyl Derivative from Garcinia bancana MIQ. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:342-3. [PMID: 15744113 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
From the methanol extract of the twigs and leaves of Garcinia bancana MIQ., one new biphenyl derivative (1), was isolated and characterized along with nine known compounds; garcinol, isogarcinol, (-)-mellein, 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-n-pentylisocoumarin, blumenol C O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, kaemferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, lupeol and stigmasterol. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and comparison of spectral data and physical data with those previously reported. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Garcinol showed the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) at 16 microg/ml while compound 1 exhibited weaker activity with MIC value of 64 microg/ml.
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Liao CH, Sang S, Liang YC, Ho CT, Lin JK. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by Garcinol. Mol Carcinog 2004; 41:140-9. [PMID: 15390082 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative of Garcinia indica fruit rind and other species. Recent studies have demonstrated that garcinol exhibited antioxidative effects in vitro. In this study, we found that garcinol inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Western blot analyzes and gel-shift assays revealed that garcinol strongly blocks the activation of eukaryotic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)-induced by LPS. Moreover, transient transfection experiments showed that garcinol inhibited the NF-kappa B-dependent transcriptional activity. Based on these data, we demonstrated that inhibition of LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation occurred through suppressing the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha and p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK). Garcinol also lowers the LPS-induced increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to the activation of NF-kappa B. The NF-kappa B signaling pathway leads to inflammatory reaction and our results suggest that garcinol suppresses the expression of iNOS in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ho Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10018, Taiwan
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74
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Ciochina R, Grossman RB. A New Synthetic Approach to the Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. Org Lett 2003; 5:4619-21. [PMID: 14627398 DOI: 10.1021/ol0357907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The three-carbon alpha,alpha'-annulation of a sterically hindered cyclic beta-keto ester can be achieved by alkynylation with 3,3-diethoxypropyne, syn reduction of the alkyne with Co(2)(CO)(8) and Et(3)SiH, and an intramolecular aldol reaction. The method is potentially useful for the synthesis of nemorosone, hyperforin, and other polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ciochina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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75
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76
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Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Kobayashi E, Ito T, Ohguchi K, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y. Cytotoxic benzophenone derivatives from Garcinia species display a strong apoptosis-inducing effect against human leukemia cell lines. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:569-71. [PMID: 12673047 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the in vitro effects of the benzophenone derivatives garcinol, isogarcinol, and xanthochymol on cell growth in four human leukemia cell lines. All of the compounds exhibited significant growth suppression due to apoptosis mediated by the activation of caspase-3. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was found in garcinol- and isogarcinol-induced apoptosis, but not in xanthochymol-induced apoptosis. The growth inhibitory effects of isogarcinol and xanthochymol were more potent than that of garcinol, which is a well- known cytotoxic benzophenone derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumoto
- Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, Kani-Gun, Gifu, Japan
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77
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Ito C, Itoigawa M, Miyamoto Y, Onoda S, Rao KS, Mukainaka T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Furukawa H. Polyprenylated benzophenones from Garcinia assigu and their potential cancer chemopreventive activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:206-209. [PMID: 12608850 DOI: 10.1021/np020372g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a further study on the chemical constituents of Garcinia assigu, two new benzophenones corresponding to the 13-O-methyl ethers (1 and 2) of the known isogarcinol and garcinol, respectively, were isolated and characterized, along with known benzophenones (3-6). Inhibitory effects of the benzophenones isolated from this plant on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells and their radical-scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were demonstrated. The cyclized polyprenylbenzophenones (1-5) showed comparable or stronger potential cancer chemopreventive activity when compared to glycyrrhetic acid, a known anti-tumor promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
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78
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Abe F, Nagafuji S, Okabe H, Higo H, Akahane H. Trypanocidal Constituents in Plants 2. Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia subelliptica. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1730-3. [PMID: 14646180 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The constituents of the stem bark of Garcinia subelliptica (Guttiferae) were investigated based on its trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent for Chagas' disease. As the active components, nine xanthones were isolated including two new ones, 4-hydroxybrasilixanthone B and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4,7,8-tri(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes, an infectious form of T. cruzi, was also estimated as well as cytotoxic activity. Fukugetin, the major component of the bark, showed no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University,
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79
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Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanism of garcinol: analysis of radical reaction products of garcinol with peroxyl radicals and their antitumor activities. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Sang S, Pan MH, Cheng X, Bai N, Stark RE, Rosen RT, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK, Ho CT. Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanism of garcinol: analysis of radical reaction products of garcinol and their antitumor activities. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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81
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Pan MH, Chang WL, Lin-Shiau SY, Ho CT, Lin JK. Induction of apoptosis by garcinol and curcumin through cytochrome c release and activation of caspases in human leukemia HL-60 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:1464-1474. [PMID: 11312881 DOI: 10.1021/jf001129v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, was purified from Garcinia indica fruit rind. The effects of garcinol and curcumin on cell viability in human leukemia HL-60 cells were investigated. Garcinol and curcumin displayed strong growth inhibitory effects against human leukemia HL-60 cells, with estimated IC(50) values of 9.42 and 19.5 microM, respectively. Garcinol was able to induce apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner; however, curcumin was less effective. Treatment with garcinol caused induction of caspase-3/CPP32 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but not caspase-1 activity, and induced the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Pretreatment with caspase-3 inhibitor inhibited garcinol-induced DNA fragmentation. Treatment with garcinol (20 microM) caused a rapid loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytosol, and subsequent induction of procaspase-9 processing. The cleavage of D4-GDI, an abundant hematopoietic cell GDP dissociation inhibitor for the Ras-related Rho family GTPases, occurred simultaneously with the activation of caspase-3 but preceded DNA fragmentation and the morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death. Of these, Bcl-2, Bad, and Bax were studied. The level of expression of Bcl-2 slightly decreased, while the levels of Bad and Bax were dramatically increased in cells treated with garcinol. These results indicate that garcinol allows caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease to enter the nucleus and degrade chromosomal DNA and induces DFF-45 (DNA fragmentation factor) degradation. It is suggested that garcinol-induced apoptosis is triggered by the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, procaspase-9 processing, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-2, degradation of PARP, and DNA fragmentation caused by the caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease through the digestion of DFF-45. The induction of apoptosis by garcinol may provide a pivotal mechanism for its cancer chemopreventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Pan
- Institutes of Biochemistry and Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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82
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Christian OE, Henry GE, Jacobs H, McLean S, Reynolds WF. Prenylated benzophenone derivatives from Clusia havetiodes var. stenocarpa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:23-25. [PMID: 11170660 DOI: 10.1021/np000321o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the fruit of Clusia havetiodes var. stenocarpa have yielded three new prenylated benzophenone derivatives, 28,29-epoxyplukenetione A (1), 33-hydroperoxyisoplukenetione C (2), and 15,16-dihydro-16-hydroperoxyplukenetione F (3), as well as four which have been previously described, plukenetiones C, F, and G and sampsonione G.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Christian
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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83
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Mackeen MM, Ali AM, Lajis NH, Kawazu K, Hassan Z, Amran M, Habsah M, Mooi LY, Mohamed SM. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumour-promoting and cytotoxic activities of different plant part extracts of Garcinia atroviridis griff. ex T. anders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 72:395-402. [PMID: 10996278 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crude extracts (methanol) of various parts, viz. the leaves, fruits, roots, stem and trunk bark, of Garcinia atroviridis were screened for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, brine shrimp toxic, antitumour-promoting and antioxidant activities. The crude extracts exhibited predominantly antibacterial activity with the root extract showing the strongest inhibition against the test bacteria at a minimum inhibitory dose (MID) of 15.6 microg/disc. Although all the extracts failed to inhibit the growth of most of the test fungi, significant antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum was exhibited by most notably the fruit (MID: 100 microg), and the leaf (MID: 400 microg) extracts. None of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic, and lethal towards brine shrimps. The root, leaf, trunk and stem bark extracts (except for the fruits) showed strong antioxidant activity exceeding that of the standard antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Antitumour-promoting activity (>95% inhibition) was shown by the fruit, leaf, stem and trunk bark extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mackeen
- Department of Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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84
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Roux D, Hadi HA, Thoret S, Guénard D, Thoison O, Païs M, Sévenet T. Structure-activity relationship of polyisoprenyl benzophenones from Garcinia pyrifera on the tubulin/microtubule system. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1070-1076. [PMID: 10978200 DOI: 10.1021/np0000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule disassembly inhibitory properties have been established for the known polyisoprenylated benzophenones xanthochymol (1a) and guttiferone E (1b). The compounds were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia pyrifera collected in Malaysia. A structure-activity relationship study, including natural and semisynthetic derivatives, delineated some structural features necessary for the interaction with tubulin within this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roux
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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85
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On the structures of plukenetiones B, D, and E and their relationships to other polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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86
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Tanaka T, Kohno H, Shimada R, Kagami S, Yamaguchi F, Kataoka S, Ariga T, Murakami A, Koshimizu K, Ohigashi H. Prevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by dietary feeding of garcinol in male F344 rats. Carcinogenesis 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.6.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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87
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Yamaguchi F, Saito M, Ariga T, Yoshimura Y, Nakazawa H. Free radical scavenging activity and antiulcer activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:2320-2325. [PMID: 10888544 DOI: 10.1021/jf990908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative, was purified from Garcinia indica fruit rind, and its free radical scavenging activity was studied using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. In the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system, emulsified garcinol suppressed superoxide anion to almost the same extent as DL-alpha-tocopherol by weight. In the Fenton reaction system, garcinol also suppressed hydroxyl radical more strongly than DL-alpha-tocopherol. In the H(2)O(2)/NaOH/DMSO system, garcinol suppressed superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and methyl radical. It was thus confirmed that this derivative is a potent free radical scavenger and able to scavenge both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ones including reactive oxygen species. Orally administered garcinol prevented acute ulceration in rats induced by indomethacin and water immersion stress caused by radical formation. These results suggested garcinol might have potential as a free radical scavenger and clinical application as an antiulcer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yamaguchi
- Research and Development Division of Kikkoman Corporation, Noda-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
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88
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Yamaguchi F, Ariga T, Yoshimura Y, Nakazawa H. Antioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:180-185. [PMID: 10691613 DOI: 10.1021/jf990845y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative, was purified from Garcinia indica fruit rind, and its antioxidative activity, chelating activity, free radical scavenging activity, and anti-glycation activity were studied. Garcinol exhibited moderate antioxidative activity in the micellar linoleic acid peroxidation system and also exhibited chelating activity at almost the same level as citrate. It also showed nearly 3 times greater DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity than DL-alpha-tocopherol by weight in aqueous ethanol solution. In a phenazine methosulfate/NADH-nitroblue tetrazolium system, garcinol exhibited superoxide anion scavenging activity and suppressed protein glycation in a bovine serum albumin/fructose system. Thus, garcinol might be beneficial as a potent antioxidant and a glycation inhibitor under specified conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yamaguchi
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Noda 399, Noda-shi, Chiba Pref. 278-0037, Japan.
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89
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Dharmaratne HR, Wijesinghe WM, Thevanasem V. Antimicrobial activity of xanthones from Calophyllum species, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 66:339-342. [PMID: 10473182 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the past 5 years, a considerable number of known and new xanthones from the Calophyllum species of Sri Lanka have been isolated and characterized. We have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Calophyllum xanthones, with a special reference to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These activity studies were carried out using the agar plate method. Calozeloxanthone, a xanthone which has been isolated from C. moonii and C. lankensis, showed the highest activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains at a concentration of 8.3 microg/ml. Hence, calozeyloxanthone appears to hold promise as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of infections with S. aureus, including methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MRSA), and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Dharmaratne
- Natural Products Programme, Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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90
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Prenylated benzophenone derivatives from Caribbean Clusia species (Guttiferae). Plukenetiones B-G and xerophenone A. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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91
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Minami H, Hamaguchi K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. A benzophenone and a xanthone from Garcinia Subelliptica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1998; 49:1783-1785. [PMID: 11711101 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new benzophenone derivative, 2',3',6-trihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxybenzophenone and a new xanthone, 1,6-O-dimethylsymphoxanthone have been isolated from the wood of Garcinia subelliptica. Their structures have been determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of the compounds previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minami
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, 770, Tokushima, Japan
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92
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Hu LH, Sim KY. Complex caged polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives, sampsoniones A and B, from Hypericum sampsonii. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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93
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Krainev AK, Viner RI, Bigelow DJ. Benzophenone-sensitized photooxidation of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes: site-specific modification of the Ca(2+)-ATPase. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23:1009-20. [PMID: 9358244 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP) was used as a photosensitizer to initiate lipid peroxidation in model and native biological membranes at concentrations of BP that do not perturb bilayer structure, as assessed by stearic acid spin label dynamics. Illumination of BP partitioned into sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes (SR) results in an exponential decay of BP and a linear accumulation of conjugated dienes and other products of lipid peroxidation as observed previously for micelles of linoleic acid [Marcovic and Patterson. Photochem. Photobiol. 58:329-334, 1993]. Lipid peroxidation was substantially inhibited in the presence of membrane-spanning proteins in SR compared to protein-free lipid vesicles, suggesting the competitive reaction of the initiator (triplet BP) and BP-derived radical species with protein groups. Modification of the predominant integral membrane protein, the Ca(2+)-ATPase, was demonstrated by changes in Ca(2+)-ATPase amino acid composition as well as by its functional inhibition. The rate of calcium transport showed an immediate exponential decay to completion, while calcium-dependent ATPase activity exhibited an initial lag before modest inactivation. These results are consistent with the respective localization of calcium transport sites within membrane-spanning peptides and the ATP-binding site within the cytosolic domain of the Ca(2+)-ATPase, further suggesting that photosensitization of BP models oxidative stress inside the hydrophobic interior of the SR membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Krainev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA
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94
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