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Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer with alantolactone and isoalantolactone. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:248532. [PMID: 24288468 PMCID: PMC3826378 DOI: 10.1155/2013/248532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alantolactone and isoalantolactone, main bioactive compounds that are present in many medicinal plants such as Inula helenium, L. Inula japonica, Aucklandia lappa, Inula racemosa, and Radix inulae, have been found to have various pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, with no significant toxicity. Recently, the anticancer activity of alantolactone and isoalantolactone has been extensively investigated. Here, our aim is to review their natural sources and their anticancer activity with specific emphasis on mechanism of actions, by which these compounds act on apoptosis pathways. Based on the literature and also on our previous results, alantolactone and isoalantolactone induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that alantolactone and isoalantolactone are potential promising anticancer candidates, but additional studies and clinical trials are required to determine their specific intracellular sites of actions and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanisms of therapeutic effects to further validate in cancer chemotherapy.
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Abstract
AbstractThe objective of the paper was to investigate the chemical composition of Inula helenium roots extracts and to evaluate the antioxidant potential conferred by the chemical constituents. GC/MS and HPLC/MS techniques were used to characterize two extracts separated from Inula helenium roots by extraction with chloroform and ethyl acetate, respectively. Volatile compounds have been identified by GC from their mass spectra and retention time values, while HPLC identification of phenolic compounds was realized by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of standards or literature data. Measurements of antioxidant activity of Inula helenium root extracts showed a variation between them, which can be correlated with the flavonoid and total phenolic contents. Both Inula helenium root extracts contain phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, dicaffeoyl quinic, hydroxibenzoic), terpenes (alantolactone) and different flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin gallate, ferulic acid-4-O-glucoside, dihydroquercetin pentosyl rutinoside, kaempherol-7-O-dipentoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside). In addition, the study provides preliminary data on the anti-inflammatory activity of Inula helenium root extracts, this being evaluated using the fresh egg albumin as phlogistic agent, and aspirin as reference compound. Root extracts of I. helenium did not exert any significant anti-inflammatory effect on egg albumin-induced rat paw edema.
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Wu M, Zhang H, Hu J, Weng Z, Li C, Li H, Zhao Y, Mei X, Ren F, Li L. Isoalantolactone inhibits UM-SCC-10A cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76000. [PMID: 24098753 PMCID: PMC3786891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. Previous studies have demonstrated that isoalantolactone possesses antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic and anti-proliferative properties in a variety of cells, but there are no studies concerning its effects on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, an MTT assay demonstrated that isoalantolactone has anti-proliferative activity against the HNSCC cell line (UM-SCC-10A). Immunostaining identified that this compound induced UM-SCC-10A cell apoptosis but not necrosis. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects, flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that the apoptosis was associated with cell cycle arrest during the G1 phase, up-regulation of p53 and p21, and down-regulation of cyclin D. Furthermore, our results revealed that induction of apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway led to up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression (Bax), down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein expression (Bcl-2), mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyto c), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase-3 (Casp-3). Involvement of the caspase apoptosis pathway was confirmed using caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK pretreatment. Together, our findings suggest that isoalantolactone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway and was associated with cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in UM-SCC-10A cells. Therefore, isoalantolactone may become a potential drug for treating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Hu
- Educational Technologies and Simulation Training Centre, Naval University of Engineering Tianjin Campus, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Weng
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chenyuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FR); (LL)
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FR); (LL)
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic compounds from Inula helenium. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:157527. [PMID: 24089600 PMCID: PMC3760092 DOI: 10.1155/2013/157527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from Inula helenium was studied. Effects of ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, and number of extractions were investigated. An orthogonal array was constructed to optimize UAE process. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 30%; solid-liquid ratio, 1 : 20; number of extractions, 2 times; extraction time, 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid was 6.13 ± 0.58 and 1.32 ± 0.17 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that high amounts of phenolic compounds can be extracted from I. helenium by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.
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55
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Zhang Y, Bao YL, Wu Y, Yu CL, Huang YX, Sun Y, Zheng LH, Li YX. Alantolactone induces apoptosis in RKO cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:967-72. [PMID: 23970102 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alantolactone, a methanol extract of Inula helenium, possesses anticancer properties in a number of cancer cell lines. However, its anticancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the effects of alantolactone on cell viability and apoptosis in RKO human colon cancer cells were investigated. Alantolactone treatment of RKO cells was found to result in dose‑dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis, accompanied with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, these effects were blocked with N‑acetylcysteine, a specific ROS inhibitor. Western blotting indicated that exposure of RKO cells to alantolactone is associated with the downregulation of Bcl‑2, induction of Bax and activation of caspase‑3 and ‑9. These results indicated that a ROS‑mediated mitochondria‑dependent pathway is involved in alantolactone‑induced apoptosis. From these observations, it was hypothesized that alantolactone may be used for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Na BR, Kim HR, Kwon MS, Lee HS, Piragyte I, Choi EJ, Choi HK, Han WC, Lee SH, Jun CD. Aplotaxene blocks T cell activation by modulation of protein kinase C-θ-dependent pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:23-31. [PMID: 23941771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aplotaxene, (8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-heptadeca-1, 8, 11, 14-tetraene, is one of the major components of essential oil obtained from Inula helenium root, which is used in Oriental medicine. However, the effects of aplotaxene on immunity have not been investigated. Here, we show that aplotaxene inhibits T cell activation in terms of IL-2 and CD69 expression. Aplotaxene, at a concentration that optimally inhibits IL-2 production, has little effect on apoptotic or necrotic cell death, suggesting that apoptosis is not a mechanism for aplotaxene-mediated inhibition of T cell activation. Aplotaxene affects neither superantigeninduced conjugate formation between Jurkat T cells and Raji B cells nor clustering of CD3 and LFA-1 at the immunological synapse. Aplotaxene significantly inhibits PKC-θ phosphorylation and translocation to the immunological synapse, and blocks PMA-induced T-cell receptor internalization. Furthermore, aplotaxene leads to inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK, ERK and p38) phosphorylation and NF-κB, NF-AT, and AP-1 promoter activities in Jurkat T cells. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for the immunosuppressive effect of aplotaxene on activated T cells through the modulation of the PKC-θ and MAPK pathways, suggesting that aplotaxene may be a novel immunotherapeutic agent for immunological diseases related to the overactivation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ra Na
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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57
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Guo CY, Wang J, Hou Y, Zhao YM, Shen LX, Zhang DS. Orthogonal test design for optimizing the extraction of total flavonoids from Inula helenium. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:192-5. [PMID: 23930000 PMCID: PMC3732419 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inula helenium, which belongs to thecomposite family, is an important crude drug in traditional Chinese medicine. Materials and Methods: The effects of ethanol concentration, liquid to solid ratio, extraction temperature, and duration of microwave irradiation on the flavonoid extraction yield were studied through a single-factor experiment. An orthogonal array (L9(34)) was then constructed to achieve the best extraction conditions. Results: Variance analysis revealed that ethanol concentration significantly affected the extraction yield. The optimal conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 50% (v/v); liquid to solid ratio, 15:1; duration of microwave irradiation, 240 s; and extraction temperature, 60°C. Conclusion: Under these optimal conditions, the total flavonoid yield was 18.34 ± 0.64 mg/g. The use of a microwave-assisted process dramatically reduced the time needed for extraction of flavonoids from I. helenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Guo
- Department of Graduate, HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
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58
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Rasul A, Di J, Millimouno FM, Malhi M, Tsuji I, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Reactive oxygen species mediate isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Molecules 2013; 18:9382-96. [PMID: 23921797 PMCID: PMC6270412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone, a medicinal plant-derived natural compound, is known to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, its effect on apoptosis in prostate cancer cells has not been addressed. Thus, we examined the effects of isoalantolactone on prostate cancer cells. It was found that isoalantolactone inhibits growth of both androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) as well as androgen-independent (PC3 and DU-145) prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results indicate that isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer PC3 cells is associated with the generation of ROS and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). In addition, isoalantolactone triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, survivin, and significant activation of caspase-3. Isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis is markedly abrogated when the cells were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a specific ROS inhibitor, suggesting that the apoptosis-inducing effect of isoalantolactone in prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species. These findings indicate that isoalantolactone induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via a novel mechanism involving inhibition of survivin and provide the rationale for further in vivo and preclinical investigation of isoalantolactone against human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Rasul
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jun Di
- Jilin Province People’s Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Faya Martin Millimouno
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mahadev Malhi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Public Health, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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59
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Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, induces apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells via mitochondrial and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1262-9. [PMID: 23881702 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, possesses anti-fungal as well as cytotoxic properties. In this study, the effects of Isoalantolactone on cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were investigated in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells. The results demonstrated that Isoalantolactone induced morphological changes and decreased cell viability. Subsequently, we found that Isoalantolactone induced G2/M and S phase arrest, which was associated with a decrease in the expression level of cyclin B1. Apoptosis triggered by Isoalantolactone was visualized using propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was associated with the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m) that was due to the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax that led to the cleavage of caspase-3. Additionally, it was found that Isoalantolactone was involved in the inhibition of phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt. Isoalantolactone-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells involve mitochondria-caspase and PI3K/Akt dependent pathways, which gives the rationale for in vivo studies on the utilization of Isoalantolactone as a potential cancer therapeutic compound.
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60
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Wei W, Huang H, Zhao S, Liu W, Liu CX, Chen L, Li JM, Wu YL, Yan H. Alantolactone induces apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia sensitive or resistant to imatinib through NF-κB inhibition and Bcr/Abl protein deletion. Apoptosis 2013; 18:1060-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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61
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Gökbulut A, Özhana O, Satılmiş B, Batçioğlu K, Günal S, Şarer E. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, and Phenolic Compounds of Selected Inula species from Turkey. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Inula species, I. viscosa, I. helenium ssp. turcoracemosa and I. montbretiana, collected from different locations of Anatolia were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, and their total phenolic content and phenolic composition. Antioxidant activities of various extracts of the plant parts were measured using DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial potential of methanol extracts of the plant parts was determined by the agar dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. All the extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts than Gram-negative bacteria. The extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in different concentrations. Total phenolic concentration of the extracts was estimated with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as standard. The total phenolic content varied widely in different parts of the three tested Inula species, ranging from 21.1 ± 0.8 to 190.9 ± 6.1 mg GAE/g extract. Phenolic components, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were quantified by HPLC-DAD in the methanol extracts of the Inula species. It was obvious that the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plants were due to the phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Gökbulut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onural Özhana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basri Satılmiş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kadir Batçioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Selami Günal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Engin Şarer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Park EJ, Kim YM, Park SW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Lee DU, Chang KC. Induction of HO-1 through p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway by ethanol extract of Inula helenium L. reduces inflammation in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and CLP-induced septic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:386-95. [PMID: 23298677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a crucial mediator in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. We recently proposed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) negatively regulates HMGB1 in inflammatory conditions. We investigated whether ethanol extract of Inula helenium L. (EIH) activates p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in RAW264.7 cells and reduces inflammation in CLP-induced septic mice. EIH induced expression of HO-1 protein in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. EIH significantly diminished HO-1 expression in siNrf2 RNA-transfected cells. As expected, the inhibited expression of iNOS/NO, COX-2/PGE2, HMGB1 release by EIH in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells was significantly reversed by siHO-1RNA transfection. Furthermore, EIH not only inhibited NF-κB luciferase activity, phosphorylation of IκBα in LPS-activated cells but also significantly suppressed expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) in TNF-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The induction of HO-1 by EIH was inhibited by SB203580 but not by SP600125, PD98059, nor LY294002. Most importantly, administration of EIH significantly reduced not only increase in blood HMGB1, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine levels but also decrease macrophage infiltrate in the liver of septic mice, which were reversed by ZnPPIX, a HO-1 inhibitor. We concluded that EIH has anti-inflammatory effect via the induction of p38 MAPK-dependent HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
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63
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Tomilov YV, Revunov EV, Shulishov EV, Semenov VV. 1,3-Dipolar addition of diazocyclopropane to eudesmane-type methylidene lactones and thermolysis of the resulting spiro-fused pyrazolines. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Klochkov SG, Afanas’eva SV, Bulychev YN, Neganova ME, Shevtsova EF. Synthesis and biological activity of isoalantolactone—tryptamine conjugates. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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65
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Wang J, Zhao YM, Guo CY, Zhang SM, Liu CL, Zhang DS, Bai XM. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Inula helenium. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 8:166-70. [PMID: 22701292 PMCID: PMC3371440 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.96581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inula helenium was a perennial herb belonging to composite family and the roots of I. helenium have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, I. helenium was used as an experimental matrix. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of total flavonoids from I. helenium was studied with dual wavelength UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Effects of various factors including ratio of material to liquid, ultrasonic time, ethanol concentration and extraction times on extraction yield of total flavonoids were evaluated. Then, orthogonal design of four factors at three levels was applied for optimization the extraction yields of flavonoids from the root of I. helenium. RESULT The optimal extracting process of the total flavonoids from the root of the I. helenium was 1 g plant sample with 20 ml of 60% ethanol, extracting twice and each time for 20 min. CONCLUSION Under these optimal conditions, the yield of total flavonoids was (17.36±0.94) mg/g. UAE was more efficient and time saving for the extraction of flavonoids from plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, PR China
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66
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Lei JC, Yu JQ, Yin Y, Liu YW, Zou GL. Alantolactone induces activation of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Khan M, Yi F, Rasul A, Li T, Wang N, Gao H, Gao R, Ma T. Alantolactone induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells via GSH depletion, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:783-94. [PMID: 22837216 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite concerted efforts to improve current therapies, the prognosis of glioblastoma remains very poor. Alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone compound, has been reported to exhibit antifungal, antibacteria, antihelminthic, and anticancer properties. In this study, we found that alantolactone effectively inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in glioblastoma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The alantolactone-induced apoptosis was found to be associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, cardiolipin oxidation, upregulation of p53 and Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (caspase 9 and 3), and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. This alantolactone-induced apoptosis and GSH depletion were effectively inhibited or abrogated by a thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, whereas other antioxidant (polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase and PEG-superoxide-dismutase) did not prevent apoptosis and GSH depletion. Alantolactone treatment inhibited the translocation of NF-κB into nucleus; however, NF-κB inhibitor, SN50 failed to potentiate alantolactone-induced apoptosis indicating that alantolactone induces NF-κB-independent apoptosis in glioma cells. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of tumor cells to alantolactone appears to results from GSH depletion and ROS production. Furthermore, our in vivo toxicity study demonstrated that alantolactone did not induce significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. Therefore, alantolactone may become a potential lead compound for future development of antiglioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Central Research Laboratory, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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68
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Synthetic transformations of sesquiterpene lactones. IV.* Synthesis and transformations of gem-dichlorocyclopropyl-substituted isoalantolactone derivatives. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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69
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Formation of a novel heterocyclic system based on natural alantolactone. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-1004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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70
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Khan M, Ding C, Rasul A, Yi F, Li T, Gao H, Gao R, Zhong L, Zhang K, Fang X, Ma T. Isoalantolactone induces reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:533-47. [PMID: 22532787 PMCID: PMC3334669 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone compound possesses antifungal, antibacteria, antihelminthic and antiproliferative activities. In the present study, we found that isoalantolactone inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that induction of apoptosis is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species, cardiolipin oxidation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and cell cycle arrest at S phase. N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), a specific ROS inhibitor restored cell viability and completely blocked isoalantolactone-mediated apoptosis in PANC-1 cells indicating that ROS are involved in isoalantolactone-mediated apoptosis. Western blot study showed that isoalantolactone increased the expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner. No change in expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and Bax was found when cells were treated with isoalantolactone in the presence of NAC, indicating that activation of these proteins is directly dependent on ROS generation. The present study provides evidence for the first time that isoalantolactone induces ROS-dependent apoptosis through intrinsic pathway. Furthermore, our in vivo toxicity study demonstrated that isoalantolactone did not induce any acute or chronic toxicity in liver and kidneys of CD1 mice at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Therefore, isoalantolactone may be a safe chemotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of human pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Central Research Laboratory, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, PR China
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71
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Wyrębska A, Gach K, Szemraj J, Szewczyk K, Hrabec E, Koszuk J, Janecki T, Janecka A. Comparison of Anti-Invasive Activity of Parthenolide and 3-Isopropyl-2-Methyl-4-Methyleneisoxazolidin-5-One (MZ-6) - A New Compound with α-Methylene-γ-Lactone Motif - on Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:112-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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72
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Stojanović-Radić Z, Comić L, Radulović N, Blagojević P, Denić M, Miltojević A, Rajković J, Mihajilov-Krstev T. Antistaphylococcal activity of Inula helenium L. root essential oil: eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones induce cell membrane damage. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1015-25. [PMID: 21901633 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory/bactericidal activity and cell membrane effects of the hydrodistilled essential oil of Inula helenium L. roots against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, detailed chemical investigation was done in order to pinpoint the most active oil constituents and also the parts of these molecules responsible for their antimicrobial effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution method. The membrane-active nature of this oil was investigated by measuring the culture turbidity, leakage of phosphates, and 260-nm-absorbing material, together with lysis of the exposed cells. Finally, the effect of the oil on the cells was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and preparative medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). Chemical modification of the oil was performed using catalytic hydrogenation (H(2), Pd/C) and reduction with NaBH(4). The MIC and MBC values were 0.01 μl mL(-1) and 0.02 μl mL(-1), respectively. Membrane damage was demonstrated through increased permeability (phosphates and nucleic acid leakage), followed by lysis of the exposed cells, captured on SEM images. The most active constituents were alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and diplophyllin. The essential oil showed very potent antistaphylococcal activity, with obvious membrane-damaging effects. Sesquiterpene lactones were found to be the most active principles of the oil, whose eudesmane core olefinic bonds, along with the α,β-methylene-lactone ring, are essential structural parts responsible for the exhibited antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
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73
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Trendafilova A, Chanev C, Todorova M. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from Inula helenium roots. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 6:234-7. [PMID: 20931085 PMCID: PMC2950388 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.66942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from the roots of Inula helenium L., a well-known medicinal plant. The effects of ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature and number of extraction steps on the extraction yields of both sesquiterpene lactones were investigated. Gas chromatographic (GC) method was used for simultaneous determination of their contents in the corresponding extracts. A comparison with classical extraction methods [maceration, infusion and micro steam distillation-extraction (MSDE)] showed that the amounts of alantolactone and isoalantolactone achieved by UAE with 70 and 96% EtOH for 30 min at room temperature were higher or almost equal to those obtained by maceration for 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Trendafilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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74
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Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of plants used in traditional Romanian herbal medicine. Open Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-011-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA number of herbal plants from Romania widely used as natural food additives or for health promotion in traditional medicine were investigated for their antioxidant activity. Methanol extracts were obtained from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family (lavender Lavandula angustifolia L.; lemon balm Melissa officinalis; sage Salvia officinalis; oregano Origanum vulgare L.; rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis L.; thyme Thymus vulgaris L.; mullein Verbascum phlomoides; mint Mentha longifolia), Clusiaceae family (St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum L.), and Compositae family (elecampane Inula helenium). Total phenolic concentration was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent method, while total flavonoids were measured using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Relationships between total antioxidant activity and composition of plant extracts were evaluated. Origanum vulgare extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content compared to the other plants extracts. A positive correlation was observed between total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the analyzed extracts.
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75
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Shi Y, Bao YL, Wu Y, Yu CL, Huang YX, Sun Y, Zheng LH, Li YX. Alantolactone Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Interrupting the Interaction between Cripto-1 and Activin Receptor Type II A in Activin Signaling Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:525-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057111398486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that deregulation of activin signaling contributes to tumor formation. Activin signaling is blocked in cancer cells due to the complex formed by Cripto-1, activin, and activin receptor type II (ActRII). In this study, the authors used a mammalian two-hybrid system to construct a drug screening model to obtain a small molecular inhibitor capable of interrupting the interaction between Cripto-1 and ActRII. They screened 300 natural components and identified alantolactone. Data suggested that alantolactone induced activin/SMAD3 signaling in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT-8 cells. The authors also found that alantolactone exhibited antiproliferative function specific to tumor cells, with almost no toxicity to normal cells at a concentration of 5 µg/mL. Furthermore, they proved that the antiproliferative function of alantolactone was activin/SMAD3 dependent. These results suggest that alantolactone performs its antitumor effect by interrupting the interaction between Cripto-1 and the activin receptor type IIA in the activin signaling pathway. Moreover, screening for inhibitors of Cripto-1/ActRII is a potentially beneficial approach to aid in discovering novel cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China, Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yong Li Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China, Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chun Lei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China, Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yan Xin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Li Hua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yu Xin Li
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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76
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Synthesis of hybrid molecules containing fragments of sesquiterpene lactones and plant alkaloids. Chem Nat Compd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-011-9774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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77
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Zhao YM, Wang YJ, Dong M, Zhang ML, Huo CH, Gu YC, Shi QW. Two new eudesmanes from Inula helenium. Chem Nat Compd 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-010-9620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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78
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Pal HC, Sehar I, Bhushan S, Gupta BD, Saxena AK. Activation of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage to induce apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells by Inula racemosa. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1599-609. [PMID: 20600805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inula racemosa Hook.f. commonly known as Pushkarmula (Compositae) has been used as a traditional drug in India, China and Europe. In the present study, 95% ethanolic extract of roots and its fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous) were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines of colon, ovary, prostate, lung, CNS and leukemia. The n-hexane fraction containing alantolactone and isoalantolactone as its major constituents was further studied for its mode of action in HL-60 cells. The lowest IC(50) value of n-hexane fraction was 10.25 microg/ml for Colo-205, a colon cancer cell line whereas, 17.86 microg/ml was the highest IC(50) value observed against CNS cancer cell line SF-295. Further studies on HL-60 cells treated with n-hexane fraction at 10, 25 and 50 microg/ml for 6h, revealed that it induces apoptosis through intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates. Mitochondrial dysfunction prompted the release of cytochrome c, translocation of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax), activation of caspase cascade, resulting in the cleavage of some specific substrates for caspase-3 such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which eventually leads to apoptosis. The results of present study strongly support further research and development of bioactive constituents from Inula racemosa as potential anticancer agent with possible therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra Pal
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
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79
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Huo Y, Shi H, Li W, Wang M, Li X. HPLC determination and NMR structural elucidation of sesquiterpene lactones in Inula helenium. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:942-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Seo JY, Park J, Kim HJ, Lee IA, Lim JS, Lim SS, Choi SJ, Park JHY, Kang HJ, Kim JS. Isoalantolactone from Inula helenium caused Nrf2-mediated induction of detoxifying enzymes. J Med Food 2010; 12:1038-45. [PMID: 19857067 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that methanolic extract of Inula helenium (Elecampane) has the potential to induce detoxifying enzymes such as NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase 1 (EC 1.6.99.2) (NQO1, QR) activity and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and found isoalantolactone and alantolactone as the active components. In this study we investigated the detoxifying enzyme-inducing potential of isoalantolactone, which is present in I. helenium and has a structure similar to that of alantolactone. The compound induced QR in a dose-dependent manner in both Hepa1c1c7 cells and its mutant BPRc1 cells lacking the arylhydrocarbon receptor translocator. Like with most phase 2 enzyme inducers, other phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, including GST, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and heme oxygenase-1, were also induced by isoalantolactone in a dose-dependent manner in the cultured cells. Furthermore, isoalantolactone caused a proportionate increase in luciferase activity depending upon concentration and exposure time in the reporter assay in which HepG2-C8 cells, transfectants carrying antioxidant response element-luciferase gene, were used. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was stimulated by the compound and attenuated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors such as LY294002 and wortmannin. In conclusion, isoalantolactone is a candidate for chemoprevention and acts as potent phase 2 enzyme inducer by stimulating the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology and School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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81
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Talib WH, Mahasneh AM. Antiproliferative activity of plant extracts used against cancer in traditional medicine. Sci Pharm 2010; 78:33-45. [PMID: 21179373 PMCID: PMC3002826 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.0912-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty four extracts from sixteen plants used traditionally as anticancer agents were evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against Hep-2, MCF-7, and Vero cell lines. Plants were fractionated using ethanol, methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, distilled water, and butanol. The antiproliferative activity was measured by MTT assay. TLC was used to identify active fractions. The apoptotic activity of active fractions was determined using TUNEL colorimetric assay. 20 of these extracts demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against one or more of the cell lines. These extracts were prepared from Ononis hirta, Inula viscosa, Salvia pinardi, Verbascum sinaiticum and Ononis sicula. Methanol fractions of Ononis hirta (aerial parts) and Inula viscosa (flowers) were the most active fractions against MCF-7 cells with IC(50) of 27.96 and 15.78 Îg/ml respectively and they were less toxic against other cell lines. Other extracts showed lower activity against cancer cell lines. TLC analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in active plants while alkaloids were detected in Ononis hirta (aerial parts) extracts. Ononis hirta (aerial parts) and Inula viscosa (flowers) extracts exerted their antiproliferative activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Further studies are necessary for detailed chemical characterization and more extensive biological evaluation of the most active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman-11942, Jordan.
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82
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Belovodskii AV, Shul’ts EE, Shakirov MM, Tolstikov GA. Sesquiterpene metylenelactones in a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s001250080906007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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83
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Abou-Douh AM. New eudesmane derivatives and other sesquiterpenes from the epigeal parts of Dittrichia graveolens. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 56:1535-45. [PMID: 18981602 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In bioassay-guided searches for novel bioactive natural products from higher plants of the Egyptian flora, two new eudesmane sesquiterpene derivatives, 3alpha-hydroxyilicic acid methyl ester (1) and 2alpha-hydroxy-4-epi-ilicic acid (2), together with 11 known sesquiterpenes were isolated from bioactive fractions of the active epigeal parts extracts of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) GREUTER (Asteraceae) growing in the coastal regions of northwestern Egypt. Four other known sesquiterpene lactones with different carbon skeletons, named 2alpha-hydroxy-2R-xanthalongin (8), 4-epi-isoinuviscolide (9), 8-epi-helenalin (10), and bigelovin (11), were also isolated for the first time from the same source. The stereochemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of physical and spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer, 2D NMR, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy, 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence, 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity, 1H-1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as some chemical transformations. The antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic activities of D. graveolens extracts and chromatographic fractions were carried out and the various bioactivities of our findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Muhamad Abou-Douh
- Natural Products Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Lab, Department of Chemistry, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt.
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84
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Ma XC, Liu KX, Zhang BJ, Xin XL, Huang J. Structural determination of three new eudesmanolides from Inula helenium. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:1084-1088. [PMID: 18767032 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ten sesquiterpenens were isolated from Inula helenium. Among them, three eudesmanolides: 15-hydroxy-11betaH-eudesm-4-en-8beta,12-olide (1), 3alpha-hydroxy-11betaH-eudesm-5-en-8beta,12-olide (2) and 2beta, 11alpha-dihydroxy-eudesm-5-en-8beta,12-olide (3) are new compounds. Their chemical structures were determined by spectral methods including 2D NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chi Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, PR China.
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85
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Xin XL, Ma XC, Liu KX, Han J, Wang BR, Guo DA. Microbial transformation of alantolactone by Mucor polymorphosporus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:933-937. [PMID: 19003611 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802240301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new transformed sesquiterpenes of alantolactone by Mucor polymorphosporus were obtained. They were characterized as 3beta-hydroxy-11betaH-eudesm-5-en-8beta,12-olide (2) and 3beta,11alpha-dihydroxy-eudesm-5-en-8beta,12-olide (3), on the basis of spectral methods including 2D NMR. And product 3 was an unusual hydroxylation derivative of alantolactone at C-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Xin
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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86
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Lim SS, Im SS, Kim JR, Lim HA, Jang CH, Kim YK, Konishi T, Kim EJ, Park JHY, Kim JS. Induction of Detoxifying Enzyme by Sesquiterpenes Present inInula helenium. J Med Food 2007; 10:503-10. [PMID: 17887945 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the methanolic extract of Inula helenium (elecampane) had the potential to induce detoxifying enzymes such as quinine reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase. In this study we further fractionated the methanolic extract into hexane-, dichloromethane-, butanol-, and water-soluble fractions according to polarity. The hexane fraction showed the highest QR-inducing activity and also induced glutathione S-transferase in a dose-dependent manner. Its potential to induce the reporter activity suggested an antioxidant response element-mediated mechanism of action in the induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Intraperitoneal injection of the hexane fraction of I. helenium into ICR mice caused a significant increase of QR activity in liver, kidney, small intestine, and stomach. Sesquiterpenes, isolated from the hexane fraction, appeared to be major components responsible for QR induction. Among the seven compounds tested in this study, alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and 5alpha-epoxyalantolactone significantly induced QR activity in both Hepa1c1c7 and BPRc1 cells. In conclusion, sesquiterpenes, including alantolactone, isoalantolactone and 5-epoxyalantolactone, present in I. helenium merit further evaluation as chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sung Lim
- Regional Innovation Center and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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87
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Zhao YM, Zhang ML, Shi QW, Kiyota H. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Inula. Chem Biodivers 2007; 3:371-84. [PMID: 17193274 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Zhao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medicinal University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
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88
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Abstract
This review covers the structures and biological activities of eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids from the plants of the Asteraceae family. Biosynthetic studies or chemical syntheses leading to the revision of structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 593 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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89
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Chen CN, Huang HH, Wu CL, Lin CPC, Hsu JTA, Hsieh HP, Chuang SE, Lai GM. Isocostunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 246:237-52. [PMID: 16697106 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Isocostunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Inula helenium. Its chemical structure was determined by NMR and FAB-MS spectra. No biological activities of this compound have yet been reported. In this study, we found isocostunolide could effectively induce cytotoxicity in three cancer cell lines (A2058, HT-29, and HepG2), with an IC(50) of 3.2, 5.0, and 2.0 micro g/mL, respectively. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that isocostunolide actively induced apoptosis of cancer cells accompanied by a marked loss of G0/G1 phase cells. To address the mechanism of the apoptotic effect of isocostunolide, we analyzed the induction of apoptosis-related proteins in A2058. The levels of pro-caspase-8, Bid, pro-caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) decreased. However, the level of Fas was increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this compound markedly induced a depolarization of mitochondrial membranes to facilitate cytochrome c release into cytosol. The findings suggest that isocostunolide may activate a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. To address this, we found that isocostunolide-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred via modulation of the Bcl-2 family proteins. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A2058 was not elicited. In summary, for the first time, we have isolated and characterized isocostunolide from I. helenium. This compound induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway in A2058 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nan Chen
- Divsion of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC
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90
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Stojakowska A, Michalska K, Malarz J. Simultaneous quantification of eudesmanolides and thymol derivatives from tissues of Inula helenium and I. royleana by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:157-61. [PMID: 16749422 DOI: 10.1002/pca.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of alantolactone/isoalantolactone and three thymol derivatives in roots and root cultures of Inula helenium and I. royleana has been developed. The method could be applied to screen raw materials in search for highly productive plants and in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stojakowska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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91
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Hofbauer S, Kainz V, Golser L, Klappacher M, Kiesslich T, Heidegger W, Krammer B, Hermann A, Weiger TM. Antiproliferative properties of Padma Lax and its components ginger and elecampane. FORSCHENDE KOMPLEMENTARMEDIZIN (2006) 2006; 13 Suppl 1:18-22. [PMID: 16582559 DOI: 10.1159/000091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Padma Lax (PL) is a multi-component herbal laxative, derived from traditional Tibetan medicine. It has been used in the treatment of constipation dominant irritable bowel syndrome. Beyond its purgative and bowel-regulating properties we found it to exhibit antiproliferative properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS C6 tumor cells were incubated with either an ethanolic or aqueous extract of PL. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, percentage of apoptotic cells, caspase-3/-7 activity as well as mitochondrial membrane potential were determined. RESULTS Ethanolic extracts of PL inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner (half max concentration: 384.4 mug/ml after 48 h of incubation). Aqueous extracts were less effective. Ginger and elecampane were the active components of PL in respect to its antiproliferative action and were found to act synergistically. Supplementing the culture medium with polyamines could not override the cytostatic action of PL. Incubation of C6 cells with PL in the presence of catalase proved that the PL effect was specific and not due to oxidative stress. PL had no effects on the cell cycle at a low dose but arrested cells in G1 at high concentrations. Reduction of cell numbers was found to be due to apoptosis. The caspase- 3/-7 pathway was not involved in the PL-induced cell death. However, mitochondrial membrane potential was lost during the course of incubation with PL indicating a mitochondrial- but not caspase-mediated induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION PL exhibits antiproliferative properties which may be beneficial to prevent constipation-related cancer. This study may also contribute to a future development of a new herbal-based antiproliferative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofbauer
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Austria
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92
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Dorn DC, Alexenizer M, Hengstler JG, Dorn A. Tumor cell specific toxicity ofInula helenium extracts. Phytother Res 2006; 20:970-80. [PMID: 16912983 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research program was to identify botanical extracts with antineoplastic activity. In this respect extracts prepared from Inula helenium roots showed a remarkable activity. As evidenced by the MTT assay, the Inula helenium extract revealed a highly selective toxicity toward four different tumor cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7, Capan-2 and G1), but a much lower toxicity against healthy human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from two donors. The extract-induced death of tumor cells was studied extensively by electron microscopy. There was a remarkable similarity of morphological alterations observed in the four cell lines: patchy chromatin condensations, cytoplasmic vesiculation, swelling and rupture of mitochondria. The morphology of cellular breakdown bore more resemblance to necrotic than to apoptotic cell death, which was supported by the failure to mark early apoptotic events by Annexin V. It has been pointed out recently that compounds inducing cell death with necrotic-like morphology could be very beneficial in cases where cancerous cells have gained resistance to apoptosis. In this context, the remarkable difference in cytotoxicity exerted by the Inula helenium extract, which was over 100-times higher in the tumor cell lines than in the PBLs, makes the extract an excellent candidate for further anticancerous investigations, especially since the Inula helenium extract was not mutagenic in the Ames test.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Dorn
- Laboratory of Developmental Hematopoiesis, Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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93
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Stojakowska A, Kedzia B, Kisiel W. Antimicrobial activity of 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymol isobutyrate. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:687-90. [PMID: 16242268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
10-Isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymol isobutyrate was found to be a major constituent of Inula helenium and Inula royleana root cultures. The compound showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherischia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stojakowska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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94
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dos Santos PA, Amarante MFC, Pereira AMS, Bertoni B, França SC, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV, Pereira MRP, Lopes NP. Production of an Antiproliferative Furanoheliangolide by Lychnophora ericoides Cell Culture. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:1433-5. [PMID: 15577239 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reports for the first time the production a furanoheliangolide (goyazensolide) by plant cell culture. Monitoring of the goyazensolide metabolism revealed that the maximum production occurred during the lag phase of the Lychnophora ericoides callus culture. The antiproliferative activity of obtained goyazensolide was evaluated against seven cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The results revealed a potent cytotoxic activity for the furaheliangolide with IC50 values in the range of 0.06 microg/ml for CEM leukemia cells to 0.75 microg/ml for B16 melanome cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/biosynthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Asteraceae/chemistry
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, Gas
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Furans/chemistry
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Sesterterpenes
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Steroids/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Alexandre dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão, Preto-SP, Brazil
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