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Steininger A, Ebert G, Becker BV, Assaf C, Möbs M, Schmidt CA, Grabarczyk P, Jensen LR, Przybylski GK, Port M, Kuss AW, Ullmann R. Genome-Wide Analysis of Interchromosomal Interaction Probabilities Reveals Chained Translocations and Overrepresentation of Translocation Breakpoints in Genes in a Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cell Line. Front Oncol 2018; 8:183. [PMID: 29900125 PMCID: PMC5988852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical models of tumorigenesis, the accumulation of tumor promoting chromosomal aberrations is described as a gradual process. Next-generation sequencing-based methods have recently revealed complex patterns of chromosomal aberrations, which are beyond explanation by these classical models of karyotypic evolution of tumor genomes. Thus, the term chromothripsis has been introduced to describe a phenomenon, where temporarily and spatially confined genomic instability results in dramatic chromosomal rearrangements limited to segments of one or a few chromosomes. Simultaneously arising and misrepaired DNA double-strand breaks are also the cause of another phenomenon called chromoplexy, which is characterized by the presence of chained translocations and interlinking deletion bridges involving several chromosomes. In this study, we demonstrate the genome-wide identification of chromosomal translocations based on the analysis of translocation-associated changes in spatial proximities of chromosome territories on the example of the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell line Se-Ax. We have used alterations of intra- and interchromosomal interaction probabilities as detected by genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) to infer the presence of translocations and to fine-map their breakpoints. The outcome of this analysis was subsequently compared to datasets on DNA copy number alterations and gene expression. The presence of chained translocations within the Se-Ax genome, partly connected by intervening deletion bridges, indicates a role of chromoplexy in the etiology of this cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Notably, translocation breakpoints were significantly overrepresented in genes, which highlight gene-associated biological processes like transcription or other gene characteristics as a possible cause of the observed complex rearrangements. Given the relevance of chromosomal aberrations for basic and translational research, genome-wide high-resolution analysis of structural chromosomal aberrations will gain increasing importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steininger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Ebert
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin V Becker
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Markus Möbs
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Schmidt
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars R Jensen
- Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Wang Y, Gu X, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang C. PAK1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation in cutaneous T cell lymphoma via suppression of PUMA and p21. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:60-67. [PMID: 29307600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) comprises a heterogeneous group of skin-homing T cell tumors. The small guanosine triphosphate effector p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) plays an important role in many fundamental cellular functions, including cell motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. The expression of PAK1 is up-regulated in several types of human cancers. However, little is known about the role of PAK1 in the pathogenesis of CTCL. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern and underlying mechanism of PAK1 in CTCL. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was used to detect PAK1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CTCL. The expression of PAK1 protein in CTCL tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. CTCL cell lines were treated with a small molecule inhibitor of PAK1, p21-activated kinase inhibitor III (IPA3), at concentrations of 2, 3.5 and 5 μM for 24 h. Hut 78 and HH CTCL cells were transfected with lentiviral-based PAK1 gene knockdown vectors. We determined the effects of PAK1 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis in CTCL cells by MTS assay and flow cytometry. Animal experiments were performed to investigate the effects of PAK1 knockdown on the growth of tumors in vivo. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed to detect the direct downstream targets of PAK1 silencing. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were applied to verify the results of the transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS We detected PAK1 overexpression in PBMCs and skin lesions from patients with CTCL compared with benign inflammatory dermatoses (BID). Knockdown of PAK1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted spontaneous apoptosis. In addition, the inhibitory effect of IPA3 was validated in the CTCL cell lines. Additionally, mice injected with PAK1-silenced cells presented with a decreased rate of tumor growth compared with the control groups. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of PUMA (BBC3) and p21 (CDKN1A) were increased in PAK1-silenced Hut 78 and HH cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that PAK1 is upregulated in CTCL. PAK1 silencing induced apoptosis and inhibited cell growth by stimulating the expression of PUMA and p21. Thus, PAK1 may be a potential tumor marker and therapeutic target of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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53
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Chang P, Moreno-Coutiño G. Periocular dermatoses. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:206-218. [PMID: 29234715 PMCID: PMC5715233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The periocular area may be affected by infectious or noninfectious diseases such as inflammatory dermatoses, systemic disease, drug reactions, benign and malignant lesions, traumatic lesions, and esthetic complications. We present a review of the most common periocular dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chang
- Dermatology Service, Social Security General Hospital - IGSS, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - G Moreno-Coutiño
- Mycology Section, Department of Dermatology, Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
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Moyal L, Goldfeiz N, Gorovitz B, Rephaeli A, Tal E, Tarasenko N, Nudelman A, Ziv Y, Hodak E. AN-7, a butyric acid prodrug, sensitizes cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines to doxorubicin via inhibition of DNA double strand breaks repair. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:1-9. [PMID: 28884410 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) butyroyloxymethyl diethylphosphate (AN-7) had greater selectivity against cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) than SAHA. AN-7 synergizes with doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic that induces DNA breaks. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of AN-7 on Dox-induced double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in CTCL, MyLa and Hut78 cell lines. The following markers/assays were employed: comet assay; western blot of γH2AX and p-KAP1; immunofluorescence of γH2AX nuclear foci; Western blot of repair protein; quantification of DSBs-repair through homologous recombination. DSB induction by Dox was evidenced by an increase in DSB markers, and DSBs-repair, by their subsequent decrease. The addition of AN-7 slightly increased Dox induction of DSBs in MyLa cells with no effect in Hut78 cells. AN-7 inhibited the repair of Dox-induced DSBs, with a more robust effect in Hut78. Treatment with AN-7 followed by Dox reduced the expression of DSB-repair proteins, with direct interference of AN-7 with the homologous recombination repair. AN-7 sensitizes CTCL cell lines to Dox, and when combined with Dox, sustains unrepaired DSBs by suppressing repair protein expression. Our data provide a mechanistic rationale for combining AN-7 with Dox or other DSB inducers as a therapeutic modality in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Moyal
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Neta Goldfeiz
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Batia Gorovitz
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ada Rephaeli
- Laboratory for Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Tal
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nataly Tarasenko
- Laboratory for Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Ziv
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emmilia Hodak
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kulinski M, Achkar IW, Haris M, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Dysregulated expression of SKP2 and its role in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1051-1063. [PMID: 28797197 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1359740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is a well-studied F-box protein and a critical part of the Skp1-Cul1-Fbox (SCF) E3 ligase complex. It controls cell cycle by regulating the expression level of p27 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SKP2-mediated loss of p27Kip1 is associated with poor clinical outcome in various types of cancers including hematological malignancies. It is however well established that SKP2 is an oncogene, and its targeting may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the management of hematological malignancies. In this article, we have highlighted the recent findings from our group and other investigators regarding the role of SKP2 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kulinski
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- b Translational Medicine Research Branch , Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- c National Center for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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