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Uddin MH, Al‐Hallak MN, Khan HY, Aboukameel A, Li Y, Bannoura SF, Dyson G, Kim S, Mzannar Y, Azar I, Odisho T, Mohamed A, Landesman Y, Kim S, Beydoun R, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, Shields AF, Azmi AS. Molecular analysis of XPO1 inhibitor and gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel combination in KPC pancreatic cancer mouse model. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1513. [PMID: 38131168 PMCID: PMC10739156 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients experience disease progression while on treatment with gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel (GemPac) necessitating the need for a more effective treatment strategy for this refractory disease. Previously, we have demonstrated that nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) is a valid therapeutic target in PDAC, and the selective inhibitor of nuclear export selinexor (Sel) synergistically enhances the efficacy of GemPac in pancreatic cancer cells, spheroids and patient-derived tumours, and had promising activity in a phase I study. METHODS Here, we investigated the impact of selinexor-gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel (Sel-GemPac) combination on LSL-KrasG12D/+ ; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ ; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model utilising digital spatial profiling (DSP) and single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNAseq). RESULTS Sel-GemPac synergistically inhibited the growth of the KPC tumour-derived cell line. The Sel-GemPac combination reduced the 2D colony formation and 3D spheroid formation. In the KPC mouse model, at a sub-maximum tolerated dose (sub-MTD) , Sel-GemPac enhanced the survival of treated mice compared to controls (p < .05). Immunohistochemical analysis of residual KPC tumours showed re-organisation of tumour stromal architecture, suppression of proliferation and nuclear retention of tumour suppressors, such as Forkhead Box O3a (FOXO3a). DSP revealed the downregulation of tumour promoting genes such as chitinase-like protein 3 (CHIL3/CHI3L3/YM1) and multiple pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-Akt (PI3K-AKT) signalling. The snRNAseq demonstrated a significant loss of cellular clusters in the Sel-GemPac-treated mice tumours including the CD44+ stem cell population. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Sel-GemPac treatment caused broad perturbation of PDAC-supporting signalling networks in the KPC mouse model. HIGHLIGHTS The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients experience disease progression while on treatment with gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel (GemPac). Exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor selinexor (Sel) with GemPac synergistically inhibited the growth of LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse derived cell line and enhanced the survival of mice. Digital spatial profiling shows that Sel-GemPac causes broad perturbation of PDAC-supporting signalling in the KPC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Hafiz Uddin
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Mohammad Najeeb Al‐Hallak
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Sahar F. Bannoura
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Yosef Mzannar
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Ibrahim Azar
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | - Amr Mohamed
- UH Seidman Cancer CenterUniversity Hospitals, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Steve Kim
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | - Anthony F. Shields
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of OncologyKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
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Khan HY, Nagasaka M, Aboukameel A, Alkhalili O, Uddin MH, Bannoura SF, Mzannar Y, Azar I, Beal EW, Tobon ME, Kim SH, Beydoun R, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, El-Rayes BF, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Shields AF, Al Hallak MN, Azmi AS. Anticancer Efficacy of KRASG12C Inhibitors Is Potentiated by PAK4 Inhibitor KPT9274 in Preclinical Models of KRASG12C-Mutant Pancreatic and Lung Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1422-1433. [PMID: 37703579 PMCID: PMC10690049 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
KRASG12C inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, have revolutionized cancer treatment for patients with KRASG12C-mutant tumors. However, patients receiving these agents as monotherapy often develop drug resistance. To address this issue, we evaluated the combination of the PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 and KRASG12C inhibitors in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PAK4 is a hub molecule that links several major signaling pathways and is known for its tumorigenic role in mutant Ras-driven cancers. We found that cancer cells resistant to KRASG12C inhibitor were sensitive to KPT9274-induced growth inhibition. Furthermore, KPT9274 synergized with sotorasib and adagrasib to inhibit the growth of KRASG12C-mutant cancer cells and reduce their clonogenic potential. Mechanistically, this combination suppressed cell growth signaling and downregulated cell-cycle markers. In a PDAC cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model, the combination of a suboptimal dose of KPT9274 with sotorasib significantly reduced the tumor burden (P= 0.002). Similarly, potent antitumor efficacy was observed in an NSCLC CDX model, in which KPT9274, given as maintenance therapy, prevented tumor relapse following the discontinuation of sotorasib treatment (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the combination of KPT9274 and sotorasib enhances survival. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that KRASG12C inhibitors can synergize with the PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 and combining KRASG12C inhibitors with KPT9274 can lead to remarkably enhanced antitumor activity and survival benefits, providing a novel combination therapy for patients with cancer who do not respond or develop resistance to KRASG12C inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Misako Nagasaka
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, California
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Osama Alkhalili
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Md. Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sahar F. Bannoura
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yousef Mzannar
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ibrahim Azar
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eliza W. Beal
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Miguel E. Tobon
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Steve H. Kim
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Philip A. Philip
- Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Anthony F. Shields
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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3
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Khan HY, Nagasaka M, Aboukameel A, Alkhalili O, Uddin MH, Bannoura S, Mzannar Y, Azar I, Beal E, Tobon M, Kim S, Beydoun R, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, El-Rayes B, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Shields AF, Al-Hallak MN, Azmi AS. Anticancer efficacy of KRASG12C inhibitors is potentiated by PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 in preclinical models of KRASG12C mutant pancreatic and lung cancers. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.27.534309. [PMID: 37034616 PMCID: PMC10081231 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
KRASG12C inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for cancer patients harboring the G12C mutant isoform of KRAS. With the recent FDA approval of sotorasib and adagrasib, patients now have access to more promising treatment options. However, patients who receive these agents as a monotherapy usually develop drug resistance. Thus, there is a need to develop logical combination strategies that can delay or prevent the onset of resistance and simultaneously enhance the antitumor effectiveness of the treatment regimen. In this study, we aimed at pharmacologically targeting PAK4 by KPT9274 in combination with KRASG12C inhibitors in KRASG12C mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and nonâ€"small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) preclinical models. PAK4 is a hub molecule that links several major signaling pathways and is known for its tumorigenic role in mutant Ras-driven cancers. We assessed the cytotoxicity of PAK4 and KRASG12C inhibitors combination in KRASG12C mutant 2D and 3D cellular models. KPT9274 synergized with both sotorasib and adagrasib in inhibiting the growth of KRASG12C mutant cancer cells. The combination was able to reduce the clonogenic potential of KRASG12C mutant PDAC cells. We also evaluated the antitumor activity of the combination in a KRASG12C mutant PDAC cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model. Oral administration of a sub-optimal dose of KPT9274 in combination with sotorasib (at one-fourth of MTD) demonstrated significant inhibition of the tumor burden ( p = 0.002). Similarly, potent antitumor efficacy was observed in an NSCLC CDX model where KPT9274, acting as an adjuvant, prevented tumor relapse following the discontinuation of sotorasib treatment ( p = 0.0001). KPT9274 and sotorasib combination also resulted in enhanced survival. This is the first study showing that KRASG12C inhibitors can synergize with PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 both in vitro and in vivo resulting in remarkably enhanced antitumor activity and survival outcomes. Significance KRASG12C inhibitors demonstrate limited durable response in patients with KRASG12C mutations. In this study, combining PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 with KRASG12C inhibitors has resulted in potent antitumor effects in preclinical cancer models of PDAC and NSCLC. Our results bring forward a novel combination therapy for cancer patients that do not respond or develop resistance to KRASG12C inhibitor treatment.
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Errafii K, Jayyous A, Arredouani A, Khatib H, Azizi F, Mohammad RM, Abdul-Ghani M, Chikri M. Comprehensive analysis of circulating miRNA expression profiles in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Qatari population. All Life 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/26895293.2022.2033853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Errafii
- Biochemistry and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fes, Morocco
- African Genome Center, Mohamed IV Polytechnic, Benguerir, Morocco
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Ben Khalifa University, HBKU, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amin Jayyous
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelillah Arredouani
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Ben Khalifa University, HBKU, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- Biochemistry and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fes, Morocco
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Ben Khalifa University, HBKU, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Uddin MH, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, Azmi AS, Muqbil I. Role of noncoding RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated cachexia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1624-C1632. [PMID: 36280389 PMCID: PMC9722253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00424.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is an acute syndrome that is very commonly observed in patients with cancer. Cachexia is the number one cause of death in patients with metastatic disease and is also the major factor for physical toxicity and financial burden. More importantly, the majority of patients with advanced-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cancer undergo cachexia. Pancreatic cancer causes deaths of ∼50,000 Americans and about 400,000 people worldwide every year. The high mortality rates in metastatic PDAC are due to systemic pathologies and cachexia, which quickens death in these patients. About 90% of all patients with PDAC undergo wasting of muscle causing mobility loss and leading to a number of additional pathological conditions. PDAC-associated cancer cachexia emanates from complex signaling cues involving both mechanical and biological signals. Tumor invasion is associated with the loss of pancreatic function-induced digestive disorders and malabsorption, which causes subsequent weight loss and eventually promotes cachexia. Besides, systemic inflammation of patients with PDAC could release chemical cues (e.g., cytokine-mediated Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression) that participate in muscle wasting. Our understanding of genes, proteins, and cytokines involved in promoting cancer cachexia has evolved considerably. However, the role of epigenetic factors, particularly the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PDAC-associated cachexia is less studied. In this review article, the most updated knowledge on the various ncRNAs including microRNAs (miRs), long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), piwi interacting RNAs (PiwiRNAs), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNA) and their roles in cancer cachexia are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Tech University, Southfield, Michigan
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Li Y, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Deregulated transcription factors and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:122-134. [PMID: 35940398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are a group of proteins, which possess DNA-binding domains, bind to DNA strands of promoters or enhancers, and initiate transcription of genes with cooperation of RNA polymerase and other co-factors. They play crucial roles in regulating transcription during embryogenesis and development. Their physiological status in different cell types is also important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, any deregulation of transcription factors will lead to the development of cancer cells and tumor progression. Based on their functions in cancer cells, transcription factors could be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Furthermore, transcription factors have been shown to modulate cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug response; therefore, measuring deregulated transcription factors is hypothesized to predict treatment outcomes of patients with cancers and targeting deregulated transcription factors could be an encouraging strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of major deregulated transcription factors and their effects on causing poor clinical outcome of patients with cancer. The information presented here will help to predict the prognosis and drug response and to design novel drugs and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers by targeting deregulated transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Uddin MH, Bannoura S, Li Y, Khan HY, Aboukameel A, Al-Hallak MN, Beydoun R, Kim S, Landesman Y, Mohammad RM, Shields A, Azmi AS. Abstract 5330: Nuclear protein export inhibitor selinexor chemotherapy combination for pancreatic cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients experience disease progression after Gemcitabine-nab-Paclitaxel (GemPac) treatment indicating the need for more effective combination therapies for this highly recalcitrant disease. Earlier we showed that nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) is a valid therapeutic target in PDAC and selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) selinexor (Sel), synergistically enhances the efficacy of GemPac in pancreatic cancer cells, spheroids, patient derived tumors and showed evaluable response in PDAC patients in a Phase I study. Here we investigated the mechanisms of this synergy utilizing PDAC cellular models in vitro and LSL-Kras G12D/+; Trp53 fl/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model.
Methods: We used single-nuclei RNA sequencing in KPC tumors, and poly A RNA sequencing in PDAC cells post sel-Gem-Pac treatment. Prioritized sn-seq and RNA-seq identified molecules were validated in in vitro or in the PDAC patient samples through siRNA mediated silencing, quantitative gene expression, cytotoxicity and related assays.
Results: In KPC model, selinexor-GemPac caused statistically significant enhancement in survival compared to controls (p less than 0.05). Molecular analysis of residual KPC tumors showed re-organization of tumor stromal architecture, suppression of proliferation and nuclear retention of tumor suppressors. Histopathological analysis for Ki67 suggests comparatively lower rate of proliferation and enhanced nuclear accumulation of FOXO3a in the treated mice. Loosening of stroma and lowering of collagen fiber is also evident in treated mice from Picrosirius and Masson’s trichrome staining. Additionally, the KPC derived primary tumor cells showed reduced colony formation upon combination treatment. Sn-seq showed reduction in tumor cell heterogeneity (less cell clusters based on gene expression), CDK8, CD44 and Camk1d stem cell and EMT related genes alongside significant alterations in mitochondrial signaling after combination treatment. In cellular models, GO and GSEA analyses of RNA-seq data predicted DNA templated regulation of transcription and DNA replication associated genes in Sel or Sel-GemPac mediated growth inhibition. The top downregulated genes including drug resistant related gene PFN1 and HSP90 identified in Sel or Sel-GemPac treated PDAC cells from RNA-seq data were validated using RNAi and confirmed their role in synergy.
Conclusions: Taken together Selinexor in combination with Gemcitabine-nab-Paclitaxel enhanced the survival of KPC mice through inhibition of well-connected tumor promoting molecules resulting in broad penetration in PDAC supporting signaling. A phase II study involving selinexor-gemcitabine combination in patients with metastatic PDAC is ongoing.
Citation Format: Md. Hafiz Uddin, Sahar Bannoura, Yiwei Li, Husain Y. Khan, Amro Aboukameel, Mohammed N. Al-Hallak, Rafic Beydoun, Steve Kim, Yosef Landesman, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Anthony Shields, Asfar S. Azmi. Nuclear protein export inhibitor selinexor chemotherapy combination for pancreatic cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Hafiz Uddin
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sahar Bannoura
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Yiwei Li
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Husain Y. Khan
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Steve Kim
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Anthony Shields
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Khan HY, Nagasaka M, Li Y, Aboukameel A, Uddin MH, Sexton R, Bannoura S, Mzannar Y, Al-Hallak MN, Kim S, Beydoun R, Landesman Y, Mamdani H, Uprety D, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Shields AF, Azmi AS. Inhibitor of the Nuclear Transport Protein XPO1 Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of KRAS G12C Inhibitors in Preclinical Models of KRAS G12C-Mutant Cancers. Cancer Res Commun 2022; 2:342-352. [PMID: 35573474 PMCID: PMC9105196 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of molecules that can bind covalently to KRAS G12C and lock it in an inactive GDP-bound conformation has opened the door to targeting KRAS G12C selectively. These agents have shown promise in preclinical tumor models and clinical trials. FDA has recently granted approval to sotorasib for KRAS G12C mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients receiving these agents as monotherapy generally develop drug resistance over time. This necessitates the development of multi-targeted approaches that can potentially sensitize tumors to KRAS inhibitors. We generated KRAS G12C inhibitor-resistant cell lines and observed that they exhibit sensitivity toward selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export protein exportin1 (XPO1), as a single agent. KRAS G12C inhibitors in combination with selinexor suppressed the proliferation of KRAS G12C mutant cancer cell lines in a synergistic manner. Moreover, combined treatment of selinexor with KRAS G12C inhibitors resulted in enhanced spheroid disintegration, reduction in the number and size of colonies formed by G12C mutant cancer cells. Mechanistically, the combination of selinexor with KRAS G12C inhibitors suppressed cell growth signaling and downregulated the expression of cell cycle markers, KRAS and NF-kB as well as increased nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. In an in vivo KRAS G12C cell-derived xenograft model, oral administration of a combination of selinexor and sotorasib was demonstrated to reduce tumor burden and enhance survival. In conclusion, we have shown that the nuclear transport protein XPO1 inhibitor can enhance the anticancer activity of KRAS G12C inhibitors in preclinical cancer models. Significance In this study, combining nuclear transport inhibitor selinexor with KRAS G12C inhibitors has resulted in potent antitumor effects in preclinical cancer models. This can be an effective combination therapy for cancer patients that do not respond or develop resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Yar Khan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Misako Nagasaka
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange CA 92868, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yiwei Li
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Md Hafiz Uddin
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Rachel Sexton
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Sahar Bannoura
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Yousef Mzannar
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Mohammed Najeeb Al-Hallak
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Steve Kim
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Hirva Mamdani
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Dipesh Uprety
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA
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Errafii K, Jayyous A, Arredouani A, Khatib H, Azizi F, Mohammad RM, Abdul-Ghani M, Chikri M. Comprehensive analysis of circulating miRNA expression profiles in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Qatari population. All Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2033853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Errafii
- Biochemistry and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fes, Morocco
- African Genome Center, Mohamed IV Polytechnic, Benguerir, Morocco
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Ben Khalifa University, HBKU, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amin Jayyous
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelillah Arredouani
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Ben Khalifa University, HBKU, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Diabetes and Obesity Clinical Research Center, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- Biochemistry and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohammad Ben Abdullah University, Fes, Morocco
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Ben Khalifa University, HBKU, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Mpilla GB, Uddin MH, Al-Hallak MN, Aboukameel A, Li Y, Kim SH, Beydoun R, Dyson G, Baloglu E, Senapedis WT, Landesman Y, Wagner KU, Viola NT, El-Rayes BF, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS. PAK4-NAMPT Dual Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors to Everolimus. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1836-1845. [PMID: 34253597 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) remain an unmet clinical problem. Chronologic treatment in PNETs includes observation (watchful protocol), surgery, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. However, increasing evidence illustrates that the outcomes of targeted therapeutic options for the treatment of advanced PNETs show minimal response. The FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor everolimus does not shrink these tumors. It only delays disease progression in a subset of patients, while a significant fraction acquires resistance and shows disease progression. Thus, there is a need for more effective targeted approaches to sensitize PNETs to everolimus for better treatment outcomes. Previously, we showed that mTOR regulator p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) were aberrantly expressed in PNET tissue and promoted everolimus resistance. In this report, we demonstrate that PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibitor KPT-9274 can synergize with everolimus (growth inhibition, colony suppression, and glucose uptake assays). KPT-9274-everolimus disrupted spheroid formation in multiple PNET models. Molecular analysis showed alteration of mTORC2 through downregulation of RICTOR as a mechanism supporting synergy with everolimus in vitro KPT-9274 suppressed β-catenin activity via inhibition of PAK4, highlighting the cross-talk between Rho GTPases and Wnt signaling in PNETs. KPT-9274, given at 150 mg/kg in combination with sub-MTD everolimus (2.5 mg/kg), significantly suppressed two PNET-derived xenografts. These studies bring forward a well-grounded strategy for advanced PNETs that fail to respond to single-agent everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B Mpilla
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Md Hafiz Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mohammed N Al-Hallak
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yiwei Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Steve H Kim
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nerissa T Viola
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Philip A Philip
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
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Sexton RE, Al-Hallak MN, Al-Share B, Li Y, Aboukameel A, Landesman Y, Kashyap T, Kim S, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Abstract 2383: Mir-7974: An oncogenic miRNA that perpetuates gastric cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The global incidence of gastric cancer exceeds 1 million people per year and has a 5-year survival rate of 31%. Current chemotherapies are not effective because of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity and late stage detection. Previously, we showed that exportin 1 (XPO1) is a therapeutic target in gastric cancer, as it facilitates the nuclear export of various cancer related tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) through direct interaction with their nuclear export sequences (NES). XPO1 is upregulated in a variety of tumors including gastric cancer, leading to increased cytoplasmic localization of TSPs supporting malignant transformation and cancer cell proliferation, Knockdown of XPO1 leads to anti-tumor effects and pharmacologic targeting of XPO1 is achievable with selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) compounds. In 2019 and 2020, the first generation XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 was FDA approved for the use in penta-refractory multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Besides protein, mRNA and non-coding RNAs are also transported across the nuclear membrane. Non-coding RNA transport is generally attributed to another nuclear export protein, exportin 5 (XPO5), which plays a critical role in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence supporting the role of XPO1 in non-coding RNA transport. In order to elucidate the role of XPO1 in non-coding RNA biology, we performed small RNA sequencing on gastric cancer cell lines treated with the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor. Our results revealed statistically significant changes in miR-7974 and miR-129-1-3p. These two miRs are recognized to influence protein modifications and cell survival. Administration of a miR-7974 mimic and a miR-129-1-3p inhibitor reduced proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Next, we evaluated the miR target genes of interest. At the mRNA level, we found upregulation of RasGEF Domain Family Member 1a (RASGEF1A), downregulation of DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1), downregulation of TIMP2 and downregulation of Cyclin G2 protein encoding gene CCNG2. Western Blots confirmed inhibition of AKT, RAS and Wnt signaling. Our results also showed that miR-7974 overexpression correlated with cellular XPO1 levels through the enhancement of XPO1 and its cargoes RCC1 and RANBP2. Finally inhibition of XPO1 by SINE compounds reversed the observed oncogenic phenotypes caused by these microRNAs. Our results unveil a novel interaction network between XPO1 and small non-coding RNAs and show that XPO1 induced small-noncoding microRNAs influence gastric cancer proliferation, and can be reversed by SINE compounds. This implies that modulation of microRNAs might be explored as a biomarker for XPO1 inhibitor therapy and warrants further investigation.
Citation Format: Rachel E. Sexton, Mohammad Najeeb Al-Hallak, Bayan Al-Share, Yiwei Li, Amro Aboukameel, Yosef Landesman, Trinayan Kashyap, Steve Kim, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Philip A. Philip, Asfar S. Azmi. Mir-7974: An oncogenic miRNA that perpetuates gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2383.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yiwei Li
- 1Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | - Steve Kim
- 1Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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12
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Mpilla GB, Aboukameel A, Uddin MH, Al-Hallak MN, Al-Share B, Landesman Y, Li Y, Kim S, Beydoun R, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, El-Rayes B, Azmi AS. Abstract 1122: Novel targets for therapy resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs) remains an unmet clinical problem and epidemiologic studies indicate that their incidence has significantly increased over the years. Surgery remains the only curative option in patients with localized tumors. However, there is no effective therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Thus, unfortunately, 65% of PNET patients with advanced/unresectable disease die within 5 years after diagnosis. Current therapeutic approaches for advanced PNET patients include chemotherapy (Capecitabine, Temolozomide, 5FU etc), targeted therapies (everolimus, and sunitinib), hormonal therapies [somatostatin analogs (octreotide or lanreotide)] and the novel peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Nevertheless, all these therapeutic modalities show only minimal response in patients with PNETs in the clinic. Therefore, novel targets need to be identified that could improve the dismal outcome of advanced PNETs. An analysis of PNET tissue identified p21-activated Kinase 4 (PAK4) and nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as two new therapeutic targets. PAK4 is the downstream effector of Rac1 (members of the Rho family of GTPases) and is involved in critical cellular processes such as cell motility, proliferation, and survival. More importantly, PAK4 protein has been implicated in the activation of Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancers. Similarly, NAMPT is an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the principal salvage pathway of NAD biosynthesis in mammals. Tumor cells have highly active glycolytic, pentose and fatty acid synthesis pathways that require persistent high levels of NAD. Consequently, most cancers rely more heavily on NAMPT for rapid NAD biosynthesis. Earlier we demonstrated that biological or chemical inhibition of PAK4-NAMPT by RNAi or by a dual inhibitor (KPT-9274 a Phase I drug and its analogs) can suppress PNET proliferation and reduce the growth of subcutaneous xenografts. Our new studies show that PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibition can suppress PNET anchorage independent growth and metabolomic analysis of KPT-9274 treated PNET cells revealed significant alterations in a series of metabolites related to NAD signaling. KPT-9274 synergistically enhanced the anti-tumor activity of everolimus (combination index <1). Molecular analysis of combination treatment showed down-regulation of known everolimus resistance drivers including mTORC1, mTORC2, PI3K, ERK, FAK, RICTOR, ß-catenin. Importantly, combination treatment of KPT-9274 (150mg/kg) and everolimus (2.5 mg/kg used at sub-optimal dose) caused reduction of PNET xenografts. Our investigations demonstrate that PAK4 and NAMPT are two viable therapeutic targets in the difficult to treat PNETs that warrant further clinical investigations.
Citation Format: Gabriel B. Mpilla, Amro Aboukameel, Md Hafiz Uddin, Mohammed N. Al-Hallak, Bayan Al-Share, Yosef Landesman, Yiwei Li, Steve Kim, Rafic Beydoun, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Philip A. Philip, Bassel El-Rayes, Asfar S. Azmi. Novel targets for therapy resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1122.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiwei Li
- 1Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Steve Kim
- 1Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Al-Share B, Alloghbi A, Al Hallak MN, Uddin H, Azmi A, Mohammad RM, Kim SH, Shields AF, Philip PA. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a review of current and emerging therapies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:625-641. [PMID: 33876372 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms arising from the interstitial cell of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Two thirds of GIST in adult patients have c-Kit mutation and smaller fractions have platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutation. Surgery is the only curative treatment for localized disease. Imatinib improves survival when used adjuvantly and in advanced disease. Several targeted therapies have also improved survival in GIST patients after progression on imatinib including sunitinib and regorafenib. Recently, United States Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of heavily pretreated advanced/unresectable GIST including avapritinib (a selective inhibitor for PDGFRA exon 18 mutation including D842V mutations) and ripretinib (a broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor of c-Kit and PDGFRA). In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review of GIST including the current standard of care treatment and exploring future paradigm shifts in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Al-Share
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Alloghbi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steve H Kim
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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14
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Seymour EK, Khan HY, Li Y, Chaker M, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Ramchandren R, Houde C, Sterbis G, Yang J, Bhutani D, Pregja S, Reichel K, Huddlestun A, Neveux C, Corona K, Landesman Y, Shah J, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS, Zonder JA. Selinexor in Combination with R-CHOP for Frontline Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Results of a Phase I Study. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3307-3316. [PMID: 33785483 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nuclear exporter protein exportin-1 (XPO1) is overexpressed in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and correlates with poor prognosis. We evaluated enhancing R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) activity in NHL by targeted inhibition of XPO1 using the selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated the antitumor activity of SINE compounds in combination with CHO chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Newly diagnosed NHL patients in a phase I dose-escalation study received R-CHOP for 6 cycles with weekly selinexor (60, 80, and 100 mg), then selinexor maintenance therapy for one year. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and RNA sequencing were performed on patient blood samples. RESULTS SINE compounds synergized with CHO in vitro in NHL cell lines and in vivo in our murine xenograft model. In our phase I study, selinexor was dosed at 60 mg (n = 6) and 80 mg (n = 6). The most common adverse events (AE) among 12 patients were fatigue (67%) and nausea (100%). Grade 3-4 AEs were infrequent. Ten evaluable patients had an overall response rate of 100% and complete remission rate of 90% with sustained remissions (median follow-up: 476 days). Maximally tolerated dose was not reached; however, the recommended phase II dose was 60 mg selinexor weekly after evaluating tolerability and discontinuation rates for each dose cohort. Analysis of patient blood samples revealed downregulation of XPO1 and several prosurvival markers. CONCLUSIONS SINE compounds enhance the activity of CHO in vitro and in vivo. Selinexor in combination with R-CHOP was generally well tolerated and showed encouraging efficacy in NHL (NCT03147885).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlene K Seymour
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mahmoud Chaker
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Jay Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Divaya Bhutani
- Department of Oncology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Kathy Reichel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Kelly Corona
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Jeffrey A Zonder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
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Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. Author Correction: The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 18:190. [PMID: 33235326 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Azmi AS, Aboukameel A, Al-Hallak MN, Philip PA, Penmetsa K, Visvanadha S, Mpilla G, Sexton R, Mohammad RM. Abstract 234: A novel, small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), RP7214, potentiates activity of chemotherapeutics in breast and colorectal cancers. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme which is critically involved in process of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Therefore, it plays important roles in cell proliferation, mitosis and cellular metabolism. Importantly, overexpression of DHODH has been found in various types of malignant tumors including melanoma, myeloma, and lymphoma. Moreover, from Oncomine database, we observed that colorectal and kidney cancers and lymphoma have much higher expression of DHODH compared to normal cells. These findings suggest that DHODH could be a promising target for cancer therapy. Recently, we have designed and synthesized a novel small molecule inhibitor (RP7214) of DHODH and found that it has potent inhibitory effects in acute myeloid leukemia. However, the inhibitory effect of RP7214 on solid tumor-derived cell lines and the downstream oncogenic markers is not completely understood.
Methods: In vitro studies aimed at elucidating the effects of RP7214 on cell proliferation and the underlying molecular mechanisms were conducted using breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116). We also investigated whether RP7214 could potentiate the anti-cancer activities of proven chemotherapeutics such as Verzenio, Doxorubicin, and Oxaliplatin, for the treatment of breast and colorectal cancers.
Results: RP7214 significantly (P<0.05) inhibited proliferation and suppressed colony formation in MDA-MB-231, HT-29, and HCT-116 cells. Isobologram analysis showed that RP7214 synergistically enhanced the inhibitory effects of Verzenio and Doxorubicin on MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation. RP7214 and Oxaliplatin also showed synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of HT-29 and HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. Up-regulation of p21 with concomitant down-regulation of Bcl-2, myc, CDK6, and UAP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with RP7214 alone or in combination with Doxorubicin was observed. Similarly, RP7214 also up-regulated the expression of p21 and Bax, and down-regulated the expression of CDK4, Akt, HOXA9, EZH2, and snail in HT-29 or HCT-116 cells treated with or without Oxaliplatin. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of RP7214 on cancer cells could be mediated through the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism pathways.
Conclusions: Based on these results, we conclude that RP7214 could be a promising DHODH inhibitor used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics for better treatment of breast and colorectal cancers. We are now conducting animal experiment to confirm the value of RP7214 in vivo in combination treatment of breast and colorectal cancers.
Citation Format: Asfar S. Azmi, Amro Aboukameel, Mohammad Najeeb Al-Hallak, Philip A. Philip, Kumar Penmetsa, Srikant Visvanadha, Gabriel Mpilla, Rachel Sexton, Ramzi M. Mohammad. A novel, small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), RP7214, potentiates activity of chemotherapeutics in breast and colorectal cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 234.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S. Azmi
- 1Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Sexton
- 1Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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Teslow EA, Mitrea C, Bao B, Mohammad RM, Polin LA, Dyson G, Purrington KS, Bollig-Fischer A. Abstract B053: Expression of alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD2_v2 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumor initiation and is associated with body mass index. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-b053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
According to epidemiologic research, obesity is a risk factor for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The underlying molecular biology remains unknown. We reasoned that obesity-induced chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) being central, serves as the general link to TNBC. We are the first to report that expression of the epigenetic reader methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 mRNA variant MBD2_v2 in TNBC cell cultures depends on ROS and is necessary to maintain and promote expansion of cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs). The relevance of CSCs is that they are a subpopulation of cancer cells recognized as the source of malignant tumor initiation, and they give rise to drug resistance and metastatic recurrence. We also previously reported evidence that MBD2_v2 expression underlies TNBC resistance to EGFR inhibitor drugs. Now, having used a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model that mimics human obesity, we report that MBD2_v2 and serine/arginine-rich mRNA splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) levels were increased in tumors that formed more frequently in DIO mice relative to lean controls. To more directly test if increased MBD2_v2 drives increased tumor initiation capacity, we stably modified MBD2_v2 or SRSF2 expression in TNBC cells prior to inoculation. MBD2_v2 overexpression increased tumor initiation while SRSF2 knockdown, resulting in decreased MBD2_v2 expression, attenuated tumor formation. In addition, our analysis of TNBC patient tumors revealed a significant positive association for MBD2_v2 expression and body mass index (BMI). African American (AA) women are 1.7 times more often obese relative to European American women, and a TNBC driver mechanism fueled by obesity-coupled inflammation could underlie the higher incidence of TNBC among AA women.
Citation Format: Emily A. Teslow, Cristina Mitrea, Bin Bao, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Lisa A. Polin, Greg Dyson, Kristen S. Purrington, Aliccia Bollig-Fischer. Expression of alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD2_v2 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumor initiation and is associated with body mass index [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Teslow
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI,
| | | | - Bin Bao
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI,
| | | | - Lisa A. Polin
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI,
| | - Greg Dyson
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI,
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Azmi AS, Khan HY, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Neggers JE, Daelemans D, Mahipal A, Dyson G, Kamgar M, Al-Hallak MN, Tesfaye A, Kim S, Shidham V, M Mohammad R, Philip PA. Preclinical Assessment with Clinical Validation of Selinexor with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1338-1348. [PMID: 31831564 PMCID: PMC7073299 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease urgently requiring new treatments. Overexpression of the protein transporter exportin-1 (XPO1) leads to mislocalization of tumor-suppressor proteins (TSP) and their inactivation. Earlier, we showed that blocking XPO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 validated Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (selinexor and analogs) restores the antitumor activity of multiple TSPs leading to suppression of PDAC in vitro and in orthotopic models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluate the synergy between SINE compounds and standard-of-care treatments in preclinical models and in a PDAC Phase Ib trial. RESULTS SINE compounds synergize with gemcitabine (GEM) and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel leading to suppression of PDAC cellular growth and cancer stem cell (CSC) spheroids disintegration. Label-free quantitative proteome profiling with nuclear and cytoplasmic enrichment showed superior enhancement in nuclear protein fraction in combination treatment. Selinexor inhibited the growth of PDAC CSC and two patient-derived (PDX) subcutaneous xenografts. Selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel blocked PDX and orthotopic tumor growth. In a phase 1b study (NCT02178436), 9 patients were exposed to selinexor (60 mg oral) with GEM (1,000 mg/m2 i.v.) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycle. Two patients showed partial response, and 2 had stable disease. An outstanding, durable objective response was observed in one of the responders with progression-free survival of 16 months and overall survival of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical and ongoing clinical study lends support to the use of selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel as an effective therapy for metastatic PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jasper E Neggers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Anteneh Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Steve Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vinod Shidham
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
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Khan HY, Ge J, Nagasaka M, Aboukameel A, Mpilla G, Muqbil I, Szlaczky M, Chaker M, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS, Sukari A. Targeting XPO1 and PAK4 in 8505C Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells: Putative Implications for Overcoming Lenvatinib Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E237. [PMID: 31905765 PMCID: PMC6982268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that shows improved median progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with thyroid carcinomas. However, virtually all patients ultimately progress, indicating the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance. Here, we examined the molecular profile of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells (8505C) exposed to lenvatinib and found that long-term exposure to lenvatinib caused phenotypic changes. Consistent with change toward mesenchymal morphology, activation of pro-survival signaling, nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) and Rho GTPase effector p21 activated kinases (PAK) was also observed. RNA-seq analysis showed that prolonged lenvatinib treatment caused alterations in numerous cellular pathways and several oncogenes such as CEACAM (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule) and NUPR1 (Nuclear protein 1) were also upregulated. Further, we evaluated the impact of XPO1 and PAK4 inhibition in the presence or absence of lenvatinib. Targeted inhibition of XPO1 and PAK4 could sensitize the 8505C cells to lenvatinib. Both XPO1 and PAK4 inhibitors, when combined with lenvatinib, showed superior anti-tumor activity in 8505C sub-cutaneous xenograft. These studies bring forward novel drug combinations to complement lenvatinib for treating anaplastic thyroid cancer. Such combinations may possibly reduce the chances of lenvatinib resistance in thyroid cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, SCID
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Quinolines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Transcriptome/drug effects
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- p21-Activated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p21-Activated Kinases/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - James Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Misako Nagasaka
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Gabriel Mpilla
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA;
| | - Mark Szlaczky
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Chaker
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | | | | | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Ammar Sukari
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (H.Y.K.); (J.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.S.A.)
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Mohammad RM, Li Y, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Targeting Rho GTPase effector p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) suppresses p-Bad-microRNA drug resistance axis leading to inhibition of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma proliferation. Small GTPases 2019; 10:367-377. [PMID: 28641032 PMCID: PMC6748371 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1329694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive and therapy resistant malignancy. Mutant K-Ras, found in >90% of refractory PDAC, acts as a molecular switch activating Rho GTPase signaling that in turn promotes a plethora of pro-survival molecules and oncogenic microRNAs. We investigated the impact of Rho GTPase effector protein p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) inhibition on pro-survival p-Bad and oncogenic miRNA signaling. We demonstrate that the dual NAMPT and PAK4 modulators (KPT-9274 and KPT-9307) inhibit PDAC cell proliferation through downregulation of Bad phosphorylation and upregulation of tumor suppressive miRNAs (miR-145, let-7c, let-7d, miR-34c, miR320 and miR-100). These results suggest that targeting PAK4 could become a promising approach to restore pro-apoptotic function of Bad and simultaneously activate tumor suppressive miRNAs in therapy resistant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philip A. Philip
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Teslow EA, Mitrea C, Bao B, Mohammad RM, Polin LA, Dyson G, Purrington KS, Bollig-Fischer A. Abstract 3680: SRSF2-dependent MBD2v2 expression is induced by obesity and promotes tumor-initiating triple negative breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence and poor outcomes, the underlying molecular biology of which remains unknown. We previously identified in TNBC cell cultures that expression of epigenetic reader methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), specifically the alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD2v2, is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is crucial for maintenance and expansion of cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs). The relevance of CSCs is that they are a subpopulation of cancer cells recognized as the source of malignant tumor initiation, and give rise to drug resistance and metastatic recurrence. Because obesity is coupled with inflammation and ROS, we hypothesized that obesity could fuel an increase in MBD2v2 expression to promote the tumor-initiating CSC phenotype in TNBC cells in vivo. In this study we sought to characterize the role of obesity in regulating MBD2v2 expression in TNBC tumors, and better understand the mechanism regulating MBD2v2 expression in TNBC cells. Analysis of TNBC patient datasets revealed associations between high tumor MBD2v2 expression and high relapse rates and body mass index (BMI). Stable gene knockdown/overexpression methods were applied to TNBC cell lines to elucidate that MBD2v2 expression is governed by ROS-dependent expression of the serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). Analysis of TNBC patient datasets also revealed an association between high tumor SRSF2 expression and high relapse rates and BMI. We employed a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model to investigate if obesity influenced MBD2v2 expression and increased tumor initiation capacity of inoculated TNBC cell lines. MBD2v2 and SRSF2 levels were increased in TNBC cell line-derived tumors, which formed more frequently in DIO mice, relative to tumors in lean control mice. Stable MBD2v2 overexpression increased the CSC fraction in culture and increased TNBC cell line tumor initiation capacity in vivo. SRSF2 knockdown resulted in decreased MBD2v2 expression, decreased CSCs in TNBC cell cultures and hindered tumor formation DIO mice. The data provide concurring evidence that SRSF2-regulated MBD2v2 expression is induced by obesity and drives TNBC cell tumorigenicity, and thus provides molecular insights in support of the epidemiological evidence that obesity is a risk factor for TNBC. The majority of TNBC patients are obese and rising obesity rates threaten to further increase the burden of obesity-linked cancers, which reinforces the relevance of this study.
Citation Format: Emily A. Teslow, Cristina Mitrea, Bin Bao, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Lisa A. Polin, Gregory Dyson, Kristen S. Purrington, Aliccia Bollig-Fischer. SRSF2-dependent MBD2v2 expression is induced by obesity and promotes tumor-initiating triple negative breast cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Teslow
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University SOM, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Bin Bao
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University SOM, Detroit, MI
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University SOM, Detroit, MI
| | - Lisa A. Polin
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University SOM, Detroit, MI
| | - Gregory Dyson
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University SOM, Detroit, MI
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Azmi AS, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Mpilla G, Aboukameel A, Kim S, Kamgar M, Tesfaye A, Mohammad RM, Philip PA. Abstract 3476: Evaluable antitumor activity in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with specific inhibitor of nuclear export based treatment. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease in urgent need of newer therapeutic modalities. Earlier we have shown that in PDAC, the over-expression of the nuclear exporter protein Exportin-1 (XPO1) leads to functional inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs; FOXO3a, p27, Par-4 etc.) through mis-localization. We demonstrated that inhibition of XPO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 validated Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) Selinexor and analogs restores the anti-tumor function of multiple TSPs leading to PDAC cell death and tumor inhibition in orthotopic models.
Methods: Here we evaluate the synergy between SINE compounds and standard of care gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel in PDAC models in vitro, in vivo and in a Phase Ib/2 trial (NCT02178436).
Results: Selinexor and second generation SINE compound eltanexor synergized with gemcitabine (GEM) and nab-paclitaxel leading to suppression of PDAC growth, induction of apoptosis, and superior spheroid disintegration of PDAC derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). The observed synergy was due in part to enhanced nuclear localization of TSPs and suppression of both CSCs and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Label-Free quantitative (LFQ) proteome profiling with nuclear and cytoplasmic enrichment showed superior enhancement in nuclear protein fraction in combination treatment. The protein class with highest percent of nuclear retention were DNA binders. Selinexor and eltanexor as single agent (used at MTD) inhibited the growth of PDAC-CSC and two patient derived (Pdx) sub-cutaneous xenografts (p<0.01). In combination experiment, selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel used at sub-MTD dose could significantly suppress the growth of PDx tumors. Molecularly, we observed down-regulation of CRM1 and target TSPs ex vivo. In a Phase 1b/2 study examining patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, 9 patients were exposed to selinexor (60 mg oral) with GEM (1000 mg/m2 IV) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 IV) once weekly (Mondays) for 3 weeks. Evaluable responses were observed in patients on this trial. 2 patients showed partial response (PR) and 2 had stable disease. Outstanding objective response was observed in 1 patient who demonstrated remission for 16 months and remained alive for 22 months. Remarkable and sustained reduction in CA19-9 levels were observed in the responding patient.
Conclusions: These results rationally fortify selinexor-gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel as new and effective therapy for metastatic PDAC and strengthen our ongoing Phase II study.
Citation Format: Asfar S. Azmi, Yosef Landesman, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Gabriel Mpilla, Amro Aboukameel, Steve Kim, Mandana Kamgar, Anteneh Tesfaye, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Philip A. Philip. Evaluable antitumor activity in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with specific inhibitor of nuclear export based treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3476.
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Teslow EA, Mitrea C, Bao B, Mohammad RM, Polin LA, Dyson G, Purrington KS, Bollig-Fischer A. Obesity-induced MBD2_v2 expression promotes tumor-initiating triple-negative breast cancer stem cells. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:894-908. [PMID: 30636104 PMCID: PMC6441886 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence and poor outcomes, but the underlying molecular biology remains unknown. We previously identified in TNBC cell cultures that expression of epigenetic reader methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), specifically the alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD variant 2 (MBD2_v2), is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is crucial for maintenance and expansion of cancer stem cell‐like cells (CSCs). Because obesity is coupled with inflammation and ROS, we hypothesized that obesity can fuel an increase in MBD2_v2 expression to promote the tumor‐initiating CSC phenotype in TNBC cells in vivo. Analysis of TNBC patient datasets revealed associations between high tumor MBD2_v2 expression and high relapse rates and high body mass index (BMI). Stable gene knockdown/overexpression methods were applied to TNBC cell lines to elucidate that MBD2_v2 expression is governed by ROS‐dependent expression of serine‐ and arginine‐rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). We employed a diet‐induced obesity (DIO) mouse model that mimics human obesity to investigate whether obesity causes increased MBD2_v2 expression and increased tumor initiation capacity in inoculated TNBC cell lines. MBD2_v2 and SRSF2 levels were increased in TNBC cell line‐derived tumors that formed more frequently in DIO mice relative to tumors in lean control mice. Stable MBD2_v2 overexpression increased the CSC fraction in culture and increased TNBC cell line tumor initiation capacity in vivo. SRSF2 knockdown resulted in decreased MBD2_v2 expression, decreased CSCs in TNBC cell cultures, and hindered tumor formation in vivo. This report describes evidence to support the conclusion that MBD2_v2 expression is induced by obesity and drives TNBC cell tumorigenicity, and thus provides molecular insights into support of the epidemiological evidence that obesity is a risk factor for TNBC. The majority of TNBC patients are obese and rising obesity rates threaten to further increase the burden of obesity‐linked cancers, which reinforces the relevance of this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Teslow
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cristina Mitrea
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Greg Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kristen S Purrington
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Ennkaa A, Shaath N, Salam A, Mohammad RM. Comparison of 10 and 14 days of triple therapy versus 10 days of sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A prospective randomized study. Turk J Gastroenterol 2019; 29:549-554. [PMID: 30260776 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of the present study was to compare between the efficacy and tolerability of a sequential therapy (ST) as the first-line treatment for adults with Helicobacter pylori infection and that of standard triple therapy (TT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized open-label, single-center study. We enrolled 206 patients who were divided into the following three treatment groups: Group A (pantoprazole 40 mg bid (twice daily), amoxicillin 1 g bid, and clarithromycin 500 mg bid for 10 d), Group B (the same TT as Group A for 14 d), and Group C (pantoprazole 40 mg bid and amoxicillin 1 g bid for 5 d, followed by pantoprazole 40 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid, and metronidazole 500 mg bid for additional 5 d). RESULTS Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis revealed that 14 d of TT achieved a higher eradication rate than 10 d of ST (54.8% vs. 50.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.623); further, 10 d of TT achieved 45% eradication rate. Per-protocol (PP) analysis revealed that the success rate for 10 d of ST was more than that for 10 d of TT (70.6% vs. 65%; p=0.571); however, the success rate for 10 d of TT was not statistically different from that for 14 d of TT. The eradication rates achieved in the ITT analysis were lower than those achieved in the PP analysis for 10 (45% vs. 65%) or 14 (54.7% vs. 69%) d of TT or for 10 d of ST (50.7% vs. 70.6%). No statistically significant difference was observed. Adverse effects and compliance were not significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSION Neither 10 d of ST nor 14 d of TT achieved the optimum H. pylori eradication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abulgasim Ennkaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamad Medical Corporation Al Wakra Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Shaath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamad Medical Corporation Al Wakra Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Salam
- Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Parray AS, Merhi M, Arredouani A, Chikri M, Uddin S, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Steinhoff M, Janahi IA, Azizi F. Evaluation of cationic channel TRPV2 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in Leukemia-Implications concerning the resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1554. [PMID: 30733502 PMCID: PMC6367460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated during leukemia face the risk of complications including pulmonary dysfunction that may result from infiltration of leukemic blast cells (LBCs) into lung parenchyma and interstitium. In LBCs, we demonstrated that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 channel (TRPV2), reputed for its role in inflammatory processes, exhibited oncogenic activity associated with alteration of its molecular expression profile. TRPV2 was overexpressed in LBCs compared to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Additionally, functional full length isoform and nonfunctional short form pore-less variant of TRPV2 protein were up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in LBCs. However, the opposite was found in PBMCs. TRPV2 silencing or pharmacological targeting by Tranilast (TL) or SKF96365 (SKF) triggered caspace-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. TL and SKF inhibited chemotactic peptide fMLP-induced response linked to TRPV2 Ca2+ activity, and down-regulated expression of surface marker CD38 involved in leukemia and lung airway inflammation. Challenging lung airway epithelial cells (AECs) with LBCs decreased (by more than 50%) transepithelial resistance (TER) denoting barrier function alteration. Importantly, TL prevented such loss in TER. Therefore, TRPV2 merits further exploration as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for leukemia patients (with pulmonary inflammation) who might be suitable for a novel [adjuvant] therapeutic strategy based on TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aeijaz S Parray
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed Chikri
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fouad Azizi
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Krishnankutty R, Iskandarani A, Therachiyil L, Uddin S, Azizi F, Kulinski M, Bhat AA, Mohammad RM. Anticancer Activity of Camel Milk via Induction of Autophagic Death in Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3501-3509. [PMID: 30583676 PMCID: PMC6428541 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.12.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Camel milk is traditionally known for its human health benefits and believed to be a remedy for various human ailments including cancer. The study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of commercially available camel milk on cancer cells and its underlying mechanism(s). Materials and Methods: Two cell lines: colorectal cancer HCT 116 and breast cancer MCF-7 were cultured with different doses of camel milk. The effects of camel milk on cell death were determined by MTT assay, viability by trypan blue exclusion assay and migration by in vitro scratch assay. The mechanism was elucidated by western blotting and confocal microscopy was used to confirm autophagy. Results: Camel milk significantly reduced proliferation, viability as well as migration of both the cells. The accumulation of LC3-II protein along with reduction in expression of p62 and Atg 5-12, the autophagy proteins implied induction of autophagy. The (GFP)-LC3 puncta detected by confocal microscopy confirmed the autophagosome formation in response to camel milk treatment. Conclusion: Camel milk exerted antiproliferative effects on human colorectal HCT 116 and breast MCF-7 cancer cells by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar.
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Muqbil I, Mahdi Z, Choudhary R, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Kim S, Beydoun R, Berri RN, Shields A, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS. Abstract 2491: Nuclear exporter protein XPO1 a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The high mortality rate associated with Gastric Cancer (GC) indicates the urgent need for actionable therapeutic targets. The nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) is the exclusive exporter of many tumor suppressor proteins (TPSs) and growth regulators. XPO1 is often over-expressed in different malignancies leading to aberrant cytoplasmic localization of TSPs and subsequent inactivation. A detailed analysis on the correlation of XPO1 with inflammation-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence progression was performed using immunohistochemistry in 70 GC cases: (a) 10 cases from normal gastric mucosa, (b) 10 cases of stomach with intestinal metaplasia with and without inflammation, (c) 10 cases of mucosa with low-grade dysplasia (d) 10 cases of mucosa with high-grade dysplasia, (e) 10 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and (f) 20 cases of metastatic gastric carcinoma. A correlation between XPO1 expression, the pathological and clinical features of the disease as well as survival were analyzed. Gastric cancer cell lines were exposed to the Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (selinexor, KPT-8602, KPT-185, or the natural agent, leptomycin B (LMB), then analyzed using cytotoxicity and molecular assays. In addition, the activity of selinexor was evaluated in a sub-cutaneous xenograft of gastric cancer cell line NCI-N87. XPO1 served as a prognostic marker for poor outcome as positive staining of XPO1 in GC correlated with aggressive behavior of the disease. Targeting XPO1 using SINE compounds or LMB resulted in inhibition of GC cellular growth (IC50<200 nM), induction of apoptosis and suppression of colony formation (p<0.01). Molecular analysis revealed nuclear retention of several important TSPs, induction of pro-apoptotic proteins and suppression of pro-survival factor Bcl-2. Selinexor given orally at doses of 15 mg/kg twice a week for three weeks caused statistically significant reduction of NCI-N87 tumors in mice (p<0.05). Efficacy studies of SINE compounds in patient derived models of GC are ongoing. Our findings strongly demonstrate the potential of XPO1 to serve not only as a prognostic marker but also as a therapeutic marker in GC that warrants further clinical investigations.
Citation Format: Irfana Muqbil, Zaid Mahdi, Rahman Choudhary, Erkan Baloglu, William Senapedis, Yosef Landesman, Sharon Shacham, Michael Kauffman, Steve Kim, Rafic Beydoun, Richard N. Berri, Anthony Shields, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Asfar S. Azmi. Nuclear exporter protein XPO1 a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2491.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahman Choudhary
- 3Wayne State Univ. School of Medicine, DMC Residency Council Board Member, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steve Kim
- 5Wayne State Univ. School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Richard N. Berri
- 6St. John Hospital and Medical Center Van Elslander Cancer Center, Detroit, MI
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Mpilla G, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Philip PA, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS. Abstract 4368: PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibition as a feasible strategy for treatment of resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Our studies in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) cell lines demonstrate hyper-activation of the Rho GTPase effector p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage pathway rate limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). The PAK4 protein is known to regulate a myriad of signaling proteins in the mTOR pathway including mTORC1, mTORC2, PI3K, and IGF-1. Similarly, NAMPT is recognized to regulate mTOR through energy sensor protein, AMPK. In this study, pNET cell lines QGP-1 and Bon-1 were subjected to either PAK4 RNA interference (RNAi), PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibitors (the clinical compound KPT-9274 or an analog KPT-7523) or the PAK4 specific inhibitor, PF-3738309 and NAMPT specific inhibitor FK866 in the presence or absence of mTOR inhibitors (everolimus or INK128). Gene expression profiling and phospho-proteomic analyses were performed to capture molecular changes post single or combination treatments. The anti-tumor activity of KPT-9274-everolimus was evaluated in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model derived from QGP-1 and Bon-1 cells. PAK4 RNAi suppressed proliferation and restored everolimus sensitivity in pNET cell lines. The dual inhibitors were effective in reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. KPT-9274 or KPT-7523 could synergistically enhance the anti-tumor activity of everolimus or INK128 in pNET cell lines [CI <1]. Molecular analysis of the combination treatment showed down-regulation of known everolimus resistance drivers such as mTORC1, mTORC2, PI3K, ERK, FAK, RICTOR, β-catenin and IGF-1. In addition, KPT-9274 and analogs suppressed the steady state level of NAD and ATP. Importantly, KPT-9274 given i.v. or orally at the maximum tolerated dose (140 mg/kg, once/day for 5 days/week for 4 weeks) dramatically inhibited the growth of QGP-1 and Bon-1 tumors. This is the first study demonstrating the role of PAK4 and NAMPT in pNETs. KPT-9274 is currently in a Phase I trial of patients with advance solid malignancies or NHL (NCT02702492). Our pre-clinical work establishes a solid rationale for a Phase II clinical study of KPT-9274 and an mTOR inhibitor combination for the treatment of difficult to treat pNETs.
Citation Format: Gabriel Mpilla, Irfana Muqbil, Amro Aboukameel, Philip A. Philip, William Senapedis, Erkan Baloglu, Yosef Landesman, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Asfar S. Azmi. PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibition as a feasible strategy for treatment of resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4368.
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Kujtan LA, Case P, Imperial R, Toor OM, Khaliq A, Muthukumar V, Kennedy KF, Mohammad RM, Hussain A, Pluard TJ, Case J, Subramanian J, Masood A. A comprehensive genomic analysis of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, esophagus, and head and neck. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin Imperial
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, US
| | - Omer M Toor
- University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Varsha Muthukumar
- University of Missouri at Kansas City Medical School, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kevin F Kennedy
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Arif Hussain
- University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Ashiq Masood
- St. Luke's Cancer Institute, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
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Imperial R, Ahmed Z, Toor OM, Khaliq A, Melton N, Case P, Case J, Cummings LS, Kennedy KF, Hassan S, Ye SQ, Mohammad RM, Hussain A, Pluard TJ, Subramanian J, Masood A. Distinct somatic alterations in right- versus left-sided colorectal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
| | - Omer M Toor
- University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Niklas Melton
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
| | | | | | | | - Kevin F Kennedy
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Shui Qing Ye
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Arif Hussain
- University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Ashiq Masood
- St. Luke's Cancer Institute, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
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Muqbil I, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Nuclear Export Inhibition for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E138. [PMID: 29735942 PMCID: PMC5977111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is resistant to most available therapeutics. Pancreatic cancer to date has no effective drugs that could enhance the survival of patients once their disease has metastasized. There is a need for the identification of novel actionable drug targets in this unusually recalcitrant cancer. Nuclear protein transport is an important mechanism that regulates the function of several tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) in a compartmentalization-dependent manner. High expression of the nuclear exporter chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) or exportin 1 (XPO1), a common feature of several cancers including pancreatic cancer, results in excessive export of critical TSPs to the incorrect cellular compartment, leading to their functional inactivation. Small molecule inhibitors of XPO1 can block this export, retaining very important and functional TSPs in the nucleus and leading to the effective killing of the cancer cells. This review highlights the current knowledge on the role of XPO1 in pancreatic cancer and how this serves as a unique and clinically viable target in this devastating and by far incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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33
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Siveen KS, Prabhu K, Krishnankutty R, Kuttikrishnan S, Tsakou M, Alali FQ, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Tumour Vascularization: Potential and Challenges. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 15:339-351. [PMID: 28056756 DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666170105124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is defined as the physiological process by which new blood vessels develop from pre-existing vessels; either by sprouting or intussusception. Inhibition of angiogenesis is one of the most encouraging strategies to manage the growth and metastasis of cancers. The functional and proliferative status of blood vessels is regulated by the balance between various key molecules that either stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis. During quiescence, the "angiogenic switch" is "off". However, during tumour development pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic and acidic fibroblast growth factor, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 are pathologically enhanced. Persistent growth of tumour directed capillary networks creates a favourable microenvironment, promoting cancer growth, progression and metastasis. VEGF, particularly VEGF-A, is a key angiogenic factor. Targeting VEGF, its receptors and the downstream signaling cascade, is a viable strategy to prevent tumour growth and metastasis. The present review discusses the role of VEGF in tumour angiogenesis and the current understanding of anti-VEGF therapies as well as refractoriness of anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Kirti Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Magdalini Tsakou
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
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Ning C, Liang M, Liu S, Wang G, Edwards H, Xia Y, Polin L, Dyson G, Taub JW, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS, Zhao L, Ge Y. Targeting ERK enhances the cytotoxic effect of the novel PI3K and mTOR dual inhibitor VS-5584 in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44295-44311. [PMID: 28574828 PMCID: PMC5546481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease in urgent need of newer therapeutic modalities. Majority of patients with PDAC have mutations in KRAS, which unfortunately remains an ineffectual target. Our strategy here is to target KRAS downstream effectors PI3K and mTOR. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of the novel PI3K and mTOR dual inhibitor VS-5584 in PDAC. Our data shows that PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition causes ERK activation in all tested PDAC cell lines. Although the MEK inhibitor GSK1120212 could abrogate VS-5584-induced ERK activation, it did not substantially enhance cell death in all the cell lines tested. However, combination with ERK inhibitor SCH772984 not only mitigated VS-5584-induced ERK activation but also enhanced VS-5584-induced cell death. In a xenograft model of PDAC, we observed 28% and 44% tumor inhibition for individual treatment with VS-5584 and SCH772984, respectively, while the combined treatment showed superior tumor inhibition (80%) compared to vehicle control treatment. Our findings support the clinical development of VS-5584 and ERK inhibitor combination for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Min Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Haque MZ, Kumar V, Bettahi I, Palaniyandi SS, Young MS, Mohammad RM, Abou Samra AB. Db/db Obese Mice Exhibit Enhanced Phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and AKT in the Kidney. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.719.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ziaul Haque
- iTRIQatar Metabolic InstituteInternal MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Internal MedicineHenry Ford HospitalDetroitMI
| | - Vinod Kumar
- iTRIQatar Metabolic InstituteInternal MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Ilham Bettahi
- iTRIQatar Metabolic InstituteInternal MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | | | - Monika S. Young
- iTRIQatar Metabolic InstituteInternal MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- iTRIQatar Metabolic InstituteInternal MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Abdul B. Abou Samra
- iTRIQatar Metabolic InstituteInternal MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
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Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is a well-studied F-box protein and a critical part of the Skp1-Cul1-Fbox (SCF) E3 ligase complex. It controls cell cycle by regulating the expression level of p27 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SKP2-mediated loss of p27Kip1 is associated with poor clinical outcome in various types of cancers including hematological malignancies. It is however well established that SKP2 is an oncogene, and its targeting may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the management of hematological malignancies. In this article, we have highlighted the recent findings from our group and other investigators regarding the role of SKP2 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kulinski
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- b Translational Medicine Research Branch , Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- c National Center for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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Azmi AS, Li Y, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Philip PA, Mohammad RM. Exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibition leads to restoration of tumor suppressor miR-145 and consequent suppression of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82144-82155. [PMID: 29137251 PMCID: PMC5669877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a majority of these patients dying from aggressively invasive and metastatic disease. There is growing evidence that suggests an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathobiology of aggressive PDAC. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-145 was significantly lower in PDAC cells when compared to normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. Here we show that inhibition of the nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1; also known as chromosome maintenance region 1 [CRM1]) by siRNA knockdown or by the Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound (KPT-330; selinexor) increases miR-145 expression in PDAC cells resulting in the decreased cell proliferation and migration capacities. A similar result was obtained with forced expression of miR-145 in PDAC cells. To this end, SINE compound treatment mediated the down-regulation of known miR-145 targets genes including EGFR, MMP1, MT-MMP, c-Myc, Pak4 and Sox-2. In addition, selinexor induced the expression of two important tumor suppressive miRNAs miR-34c and let-7d leading to the up-regulation of p21WAF1. These results are the first to report that targeted inhibition of the nuclear export machinery could restore tumor suppressive miRNAs in PDAC that warrants further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton Centre, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Prabhu KS, Siveen KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Iskandarani A, Tsakou M, Achkar IW, Therachiyil L, Krishnankutty R, Parray A, Kulinski M, Merhi M, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Targeting of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling by embelin suppresses growth of leukemic cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180895. [PMID: 28704451 PMCID: PMC5509148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a viable molecular target for anticancer drugs that overcome apoptosis-resistance of malignant cells. XIAP is an inhibitor of apoptosis, mediating through its association with BIR3 domain of caspase 9. Embelin, a quinone derivative isolated from the Embelia ribes plant, has been shown to exhibit chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic activities via inhibiting XIAP activity. In this study, we found that embelin causes a dose-dependent suppression of proliferation in leukemic cell lines K562 and U937. Embelin mediated inhibition of proliferation correlates with induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, embelin treatment causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c, resulting in subsequent activation of caspase-3 followed by polyadenosin-5’-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, embelin treatment of leukemic cells results in a decrease of constitutive phosphorylations/activation level of AKT and downregulation of XIAP. Gene silencing of XIAP and AKT expression showed a link between XIAP expression and activated AKT in leukemic cells. Interestingly, targeting of XIAP and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling augmented inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells. Altogether these findings raise the possibility that embelin alone or in combination with inhibitors of PI3-kinase/AKT pathway may have therapeutic usage in leukemia and possibly other malignancies with up-regulated XIAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Kodappully S. Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Ahmad Iskandarani
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Magdalini Tsakou
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Iman W. Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
- * E-mail:
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Azmi AS, Aboukameel A, Muqbil I, Li Y, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Al-Katib A, Mohammad RM. Abstract 1358: p21 activated kinase 4 (pak4) as a novel therapeutic target for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a key downstream effector of the Rho GTPase family and is over-expressed in many different cancer types. PAK4 protein, by virtue of its ability to engage multiple ligands, regulates a repertoire of signaling pathways. A survey of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cell lines shows that there is increase in PAK4 mRNA and/or protein expression when compared to normal peripheral lymphocytes (PBL). Considering PAK4 RNA interference suppresses lymphoma cell proliferation, these findings point to a novel role for PAK4 in promoting NHL cell growth. To this end we examined the impact of the newly developed PAK4 allosteric modulators (PAMs) on NHL proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: WSU-FSCCL (representing follicular small cell cleaved lymphoma) and WSU-DLCL2 (diffused large B-cell lymphoma) were exposed to increasing concentrations of different PAM analogs (KPT-7523, KPT-7189, KPT-9037, KPT-9274, or KPT-7010 [inactive]) or the Pan-PAK inhibitor, PF-3758309, in the presence or absence of CHOP (used at IC25) for 72 hrs. Following combination treatment viability was evaluated using Trypan Blue, apoptosis was analyzed using 7AAD, tetrachrome staining, Annexin V FITC and cell cycle arrest was accessed by flow cytometry. Protein and mRNA expression changes were evaluated using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. The toxicity and efficacy of PAMs were evaluated in sub-cutaneous and disseminated xenograft models of NHL.
Results: As single agents, PAMs show anti-proliferative activity in vitro against NHL cell lines (IC50s for: WSU-FSCCL = 50 nM and WSU-DLCL2 = 250 nM) while sparing normal PBL (IC50s in μM range). There was a statistically significant dose-dependent difference in apoptosis induction in NHL cell lines treated with PAMs when compared to vehicle control. PAMs reduced total p-PAK4 and downstream signaling proteins involved in proliferation and apoptosis. In R-CHOP combination studies we observed enhanced viability suppression, increased apoptosis, and concurrent down-regulation of PAK4 signaling pathway proteins when compared to any single agent alone. The clinical compound, KPT-9274, is well tolerated and showed remarkable anti-tumor activity in WSU-DLCL2 sub-cutaneous xenograft in mice (p < 0.01 at 140 mg/kg/bid for 4 weeks with no loss in body weight). Residual tumors analysis showed suppression of PAK4 signaling pathways. Single agent and R-CHOP combination efficacy is currently being evaluated in subcutaneous and systemic WSU-FSCCL and in primary patient derived xenografts in mice.
Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating a role for PAK4 in diffused large B-cell and follicular small cell cleaved NHL. Our data shows that inhibition of PAK4 could become a viable therapy for NHL either alone or in combination with R-CHOP. Our data is directly applicable to the current Phase 1 trial of KPT-9274 in patients with advanced solid malignancies or NHL.
Citation Format: Asfar S. Azmi, Amro Aboukameel, Irfana Muqbil, Yiwei Li, William Senapedis, Erkan Baloglu, Yosef Landesman, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Ayad Al-Katib, Ramzi M. Mohammad. p21 activated kinase 4 (pak4) as a novel therapeutic target for non-hodgkin's lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1358. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1358
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Azmi AS, Li Y, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Philip PA, Mohammad RM. Abstract 464: Novel role of xpo1 in regulating MicroRNAs related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: There are no known reports on the role of exportin 1 (XPO1; also known as chromosome maintenance region 1 [CRM1]) in microRNA biology. In this study, we for the first time demonstrate that interfering with XPO1 machinery can influence miRNA signaling leading to suppression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) proliferation, invasion and metastasis.
Methods: miRNA arrays (LCSciences, Houston, TX) were performed on total RNA samples from PDAC cell lines (HPAC, MiaPaCa-2, AsPc-1 and L3.6pl) and normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. PDAC cells were treated with XPO1 inhibitor (Selinexor) or transfected with control siRNA, XPO1 siRNA (Santa Cruz), miR-control or miR-145 mimic (Applied biosystems) all at a final concentration of 20 nM using DharmaFact Transfection Reagent (Dharmacon, Lafayette. CO). The total RNA and total protein from treated or transfected cells were subjected to real-time PCR or immunoblot analysis in order to measure expression level of miR-145, let-7d, miR-34c, miR-320, miR-205, and miR-145 target or downstream genes including EGFR, MMP1, MT-MMP, c-Myc, Sox-2, and PAK4. The impact of XPO1 inhibitor Selinexor on PDAC growth, proliferation, invasion and migrations was also evaluated using MTT and scratch assay.
Results: In this study, we show that PDAC cells have significantly reduced expression of miR-145 when compared to normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. Similarly, forced expression of miR-145 in PDAC cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, we demonstrate that RNAi of XPO1 by siRNA knockdown or chemical inhibition of XPO1 by selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound (Selinexor) restores miR-145 expression in PDAC cells ultimately leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. In addition, we show that the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration by Selinexor is mediated through the down-regulation of known miR-145 signals including EGFR, MMP1, MT-MMP, c-Myc, PAK4 and Sox-2. Selinexor also induced the expression of two important tumor suppressive miRNAs, miR-34c and let-7d, leading to the up-regulation of p21WAF1. We also observed the down-regulation of oncomir mir-205.
Conclusions: These results are the first to show that targeted inhibition of the nuclear exporter protein XPO1 by RNAi or Selinexor could restore tumor suppressive miRs in PDAC.
Citation Format: Asfar S. Azmi, Yiwei Li, Irfana Muqbil, Amro Aboukameel, William Senapedis, Erkan Baloglu, Yosef Landesman, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Philip A. Philip, Ramzi M. Mohammad. Novel role of xpo1 in regulating MicroRNAs related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-464
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Abstract
Sanguinarine (Sang) - a benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Sanguinaria canadensis - exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic and growth inhibitory activities on tumor cells of various cancer types as established by in vivo and in vitro studies. Although the underlying mechanism of Sang antitumor activity is yet to be fully elucidated, Sang has displayed multiple biological effects, which remain to suggest its possible use in plant-derived treatments of human malignancies. This review covers the anticancer abilities of Sang including inhibition of aberrantly activated signal transduction pathways, induction of cell death and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. It also highlights Sang-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis, inducing the expression of tumor suppressors, sensitization of cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutics to enhance their cytotoxic effects, while addressing the present need for further pharmacokinetic-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Khan MA, Khan S, Windpassinger C, Badar M, Nawaz Z, Mohammad RM. The Molecular Genetics of Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Intellectual Disability: a Mutational Continuum and Future Recommendations. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 80:342-368. [PMID: 27870114 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a clinical manifestation of the central nervous system without any major dysmorphologies of the brain. Biologically it affects learning capabilities, memory, and cognitive functioning. The basic defining features of ID are characterized by IQ<70, age of onset before 18 years, and impairment of at least two of the adaptive skills. Clinically it is classified in a syndromic (with additional abnormalities) and a nonsyndromic form (with only cognitive impairment). The study of nonsyndromic intellectual disability (NSID) can best explain the pathophysiology of cognition, intelligence and memory. Genetic analysis in autosomal recessive nonsyndrmic ID (ARNSID) has mapped 51 disease loci, 34 of which have revealed their defective genes. These genes play diverse physiological roles in various molecular processes, including methylation, proteolysis, glycosylation, signal transduction, transcription regulation, lipid metabolism, ion homeostasis, tRNA modification, ubiquitination and neuromorphogenesis. High-density SNP array and whole exome sequencing has increased the pace of gene discoveries and many new mutations are being published every month. The lack of uniform criteria has assigned multiple identifiers (or accession numbers) to the same MRT locus (e.g. MRT7 and MRT22). Here in this review we describe the molecular genetics of ARNSID, prioritize the candidate genes in uncharacterized loci, and propose a new nomenclature to reorganize the mutation data that will avoid the confusion of assigning duplicate accession numbers to the same ID locus and to make the data manageable in the future as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.,Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Badar
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Nawaz
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Genomic Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar
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Bhat AA, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Krishnankutty R, Babu J, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Potential therapeutic targets of Guggulsterone in cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:23. [PMID: 28261317 PMCID: PMC5331628 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells have always been of considerable interest as potential anti-cancer agents. Many such compounds are under screening and development with their potential evolution as a clinical drug benefiting many of the cancer patients. Guggulsterone (GS), a phytosterol isolated gum resin of the tree Commiphora mukul has been widely used in Indian traditional medicine as a remedy for various diseses. GS has been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential as established by in vitro and in vivo studies. GS has been shown to target constitutively activated survival pathways such as PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, and NFκB signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of growth and inflammatory responses via regulation of antiapoptotic and inflammatory genes. The current review focuses on the molecular targets of GS, cellular responses, and the animal model studies in various cancers. The mechanistic action of GS in different types of cancers also forms a part of this review. The perspective of translating this natural compound into a clinically approved drug with its pros and cons is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayaprakash Babu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most commonly diagnosed leukemia in adults (25%) and comprises 15-20% in children. It is a genetically heterogeneous aggressive disease characterized by the accumulation of somatically acquired genetic changes, altering self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, resulting in uncontrolled clonal proliferation of malignant progenitor myeloid cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and occasionally in other body tissues. Treatment with modern chemotherapy regimen (cytarabine and daunorubicin) usually achieves high remission rates, still majority of patients are found to relapse, resulting in only 40-45% overall 5 year survival in young patients and less than 10% in the elderly AML patients. The leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their unlimited self-renewal, repopulating potential and long residence in a quiescent state of G0/G1 phase. LSCs are considered to have a pivotal role in the relapse and refractory of AML. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies to target LSCs with limited toxicity towards the normal hematopoietic population is critical for the ultimate curing of AML. Ongoing research works with natural products like parthenolide (a natural plant extract derived compound) and its derivatives, that have the ability to target multiple pathways that regulate the self-renewal, growth and survival of LSCs point to ways for a possible complete remission in AML. In this review article, we will update and discuss various natural products that can target LSCs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
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Krishnankutty R, Bhat AA, Azmi AS, Souchelnytskyi S, Uddin S, Abou Samra AB, Mohammad RM. An Overview of Proteomics Techniques and its Application as a Tool in Biomarker and Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4172/2470-1289.1000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Aboukameel A, Muqbil I, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Azmi AS. Novel p21-Activated Kinase 4 (PAK4) Allosteric Modulators Overcome Drug Resistance and Stemness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:76-87. [PMID: 28062705 PMCID: PMC5221563 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a key downstream effector of the Rho family GTPases and is found to be overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells but not in normal human pancreatic ductal epithelia (HPDE). Gene copy number amplification studies in PDAC patient cohorts confirmed PAK4 amplification making it an attractive therapeutic target in PDAC. We investigated the antitumor activity of novel PAK4 allosteric modulators (PAM) on a panel of PDAC cell lines and chemotherapy-resistant flow-sorted PDAC cancer stem cells (CSC). The toxicity and efficacy of PAMs were evaluated in multiple subcutaneous mouse models of PDAC. PAMs (KPT-7523, KPT-7189, KPT-8752, KPT-9307, and KPT-9274) show antiproliferative activity in vitro against different PDAC cell lines while sparing normal HPDE. Cell growth inhibition was concurrent with apoptosis induction and suppression of colony formation in PDAC. PAMs inhibited proliferation and antiapoptotic signals downstream of PAK4. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed disruption of PAK4 complexes containing vimentin. PAMs disrupted CSC spheroid formation through suppression of PAK4. Moreover, PAMs synergize with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in vitro KPT-9274, currently in a phase I clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02702492), possesses desirable pharmacokinetic properties and is well tolerated in mice with the absence of any signs of toxicity when 200 mg/kg daily is administered either intravenously or orally. KPT-9274 as a single agent showed remarkable antitumor activity in subcutaneous xenograft models of PDAC cell lines and CSCs. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of novel PAMs in PDAC and warrant further clinical investigations. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 76-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
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Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Elloul S, Carlson R, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Bhutani D, Zonder J, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Anti-tumor activity of selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds, is enhanced in non-Hodgkin lymphoma through combination with mTOR inhibitor and dexamethasone. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:309-317. [PMID: 27693556 PMCID: PMC5584550 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we demonstrated that targeting the nuclear exporter protein exportin-1 (CRM1/XPO1) by a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compound is a viable therapeutic strategy against Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Our studies along with pre-clinical work from others led to the evaluation of the lead SINE compound, selinexor, in a phase 1 trial in patients with CLL or NHL (NCT02303392). Continuing our previous work, we studied combinations of selinexor-dexamethasone (DEX) and selinexor-everolimus (EVER) in NHL. Combination of selinexor with DEX or EVER resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity in WSU-DLCL2 and WSU-FSCCL cells which was consistent with enhanced apoptosis. Molecular analysis showed enhancement in the activation of apoptotic signaling and down-regulation of XPO1. This enhancement is consistent with the mechanism of action of these drugs in that both selinexor and DEX antagonize NF-κB (p65) and mTOR (EVER target) is an XPO1 cargo protein. SINE compounds, KPT-251 and KPT-276, showed activities similar to CHOP (cyclophosphamide-hydroxydaunorubicin-oncovin-prednisone) regimen in subcutaneous and disseminated NHL xenograft models in vivo. In both animal models the anti-lymphoma activity of selinexor is enhanced through combination with DEX or EVER. The in vivo activity of selinexor and related SINE compounds relative to 'standard of care' treatment is consistent with the objective responses observed in Phase I NHL patients treated with selinexor. Our pre-clinical data provide a rational basis for testing these combinations in Phase II NHL trials.
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MESH Headings
- Acrylamides/pharmacology
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Synergism
- Everolimus/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, SCID
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Prednisone/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor RelA/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vincristine/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, USA
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Azmi AS, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Mohammad RM, Philip PA. Abstract B38: Clinical translation of nuclear export inhibitor in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca16-b38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease in urgent need of newer therapeutic modalities. PDAC tumors are very heterogeneous and carry alterations in many critical pathways rendering the design of therapy against a single pathway unrealistic. The disease requires a broad form of therapy that can target the activation of multiple tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) simultaneously. We have shown that over-expression of the nuclear exporter protein CRM1 in PDAC leads to functional inactivation of TSPs (such as FOXO3a, p27, Par-4 and p53) through their mislocalization to the cytoplasmic compartment. We clearly demonstrated that targeted inhibition of CRM1 by CRISPR/Cas9 validated Specific Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) KPT-330/Selinexor can restore the function of multiple TSPs leading to PDAC cell death and tumor inhibition in orthotopic models. More significantly, our findings show that SINE synergize with gemcitabine (GEM) and nab-paclitaxel leading to enhanced PDAC growth inhibition, apoptosis, and spheroid disintegration of PDAC derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The observed synergy was due in part to enhanced nuclear localization of TSPs and suppression of CSC markers alongside reversal of EMT markers. RNA from quadruplet combination treatment samples were subjected to Agilent HT12 microarrays and differentially expressed genes (p<0.01) were subjected to pathway analysis. Our computational analysis demonstrated reversal of immune suppressive networks and suppression of CSC sustaining networks. Most importantly we observed activation of fibroblast specific cell death pathways highlighting an as of yet unexplored role of CRM1 in sustaining fibroblast growth that is recognized to support high desmoplastic reaction (DR) in PDAC. Our multi-model pre-clinical work has led to the approval of a Phase Ib/II clinical study involving GEM-nab-paclitaxel-Selinexor for metastatic PDAC (NCT02178436).
Citation Format: Asfar S. Azmi, Irfana Muqbil, Amro Aboukameel, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Philip A. Philip.{Authors}. Clinical translation of nuclear export inhibitor in metastatic pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S. Azmi
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State Institute, Detroit, MI,
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State Institute, Detroit, MI,
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State Institute, Detroit, MI,
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Asfar S. Azmi and Ramzi M. Mohammad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Asfar S. Azmi and Ramzi M. Mohammad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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Kashyap T, Argueta C, Aboukameel A, Unger TJ, Klebanov B, Mohammad RM, Muqbil I, Azmi AS, Drolen C, Senapedis W, Lee M, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Landesman Y. Selinexor, a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound, acts through NF-κB deactivation and combines with proteasome inhibitors to synergistically induce tumor cell death. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78883-78895. [PMID: 27713151 PMCID: PMC5346685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export protein, exportin-1 (XPO1/CRM1), is overexpressed in many cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. Selinexor, a first-in-class Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound, binds covalently to XPO1 and blocks its function. Treatment of cancer cells with selinexor results in nuclear retention of major tumor suppressor proteins and cell cycle regulators, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. Recently, we described the selection of SINE compound resistant cells and reported elevated expression of inflammation-related genes in these cells. Here, we demonstrated that NF-κB transcriptional activity is up-regulated in cells that are naturally resistant or have acquired resistance to SINE compounds. Resistance to SINE compounds was created by knockdown of the cellular NF-κB inhibitor, IκB-α. Combination treatment of selinexor with proteasome inhibitors decreased NF-κB activity, sensitized SINE compound resistant cells and showed synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that selinexor inhibited NF-κB activity by blocking phosphorylation of the IκB-α and the NF-κB p65 subunits, protecting IκB-α from proteasome degradation and trapping IκB-α in the nucleus to suppress NF-κB activity. Therefore, combination treatment of selinexor with a proteasome inhibitor may be beneficial to patients with resistance to either single-agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Claire Drolen
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, MA, 02459, USA
| | | | - Margaret Lee
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, MA, 02459, USA
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