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Karthikeyan P, Subagunasekar M, Lenin N, Prabhu K. Abundance, spatial distribution, and chemical characterization of face masks on the beaches of SE Kanyakumari, India. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 192:115031. [PMID: 37210985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a new world of waste during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this baseline study, the occurrence of PPE faces masks were assessed on the eleven beaches of Kanyakumari, India concerning the abundance, spatial distribution, and chemical characterization (ATR-FTIR spectroscopy). A total of 1593 items/m2 of PPE face masks and their mean density of 0.16 PPE/m2, ranging from 0.02 to 0.54 PPE/m2 were determined in the study area. Kanyakumari beach (n = 430 items/m2) has the highest concentration of masks (26.99 %), with a mean density of 0.54 m2 due to recreational, sewage disposal, and tourism activities. This is perhaps the most important study describing the scientific data that focuses on the significant effects of communal activities and accessibility on COVID-19 PPE face mask pollution. It also highlights the need for sufficient management facilities to optimize PPE disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karthikeyan
- School of Marine Sciences, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India.
| | - M Subagunasekar
- Centre for Geoinformatics, School of Health Sciences & Rural Development, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Dindigul 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Lenin
- Department of Physics, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar 626 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Madhok S, Kiruthika S, Prabhu K, Abraham S, Kabilan P, Nithyapriya S. Mylohyoid Ridge as a Predictor of Available Bone for Implant Placement: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Retrospective Observational Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27470. [PMID: 36060375 PMCID: PMC9421098 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The posterior mandibular region, due to the presence of vital structures, poses a high risk during implant placement because of its susceptibility to neurovascular injury and perforation of the lingual cortex. A breach in implant length and available bone height may lead to serious intraoperative and postoperative complications. Prediction of the exact location of the inferior alveolar nerve and submandibular fossa anatomy is a prerequisite for ideal implant placement, which is always not possible with conventional radiographic and clinical techniques. Materials and methods: One hundred ten cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) of patients were acquired from the radiological archives of a radiological center in Chennai. DICOM files from CBCT were exported to Bly Sky Plan software. Cross-sections of the second molar and first molar were extracted following the inclusion criteria. The linear dimension between the mandibular canal and mylohyoid ridge and anatomic variables of the submandibular fossa were measured digitally on the left and right sides using software measuring tools. Descriptive statistics were done. The unilateral and bilateral site and gender differences were evaluated. Bone height superior to the mandibular canal was correlated with the submandibular fossa parameters; depth of undercut in the vertical and horizontal directions; and angle of the undercut. Results: The mandibular canal was on average 5.5 mm and 4 mm inferior to the Mylohyoid ridge in the second molar region and first molar region, respectively, with the right and left sides showing no statistically significant difference. The depth of fossa undercut in vertical and horizontal dimensions was higher in the second molar region compared to the first molar region. The height of the deepest point of the undercut in the vertical dimensions showed a positive correlation with the bone available between the mandibular canal and the mylohyoid ridge. Conclusion: Keeping 2 mm of safety factor in consideration, implants can be safely placed up to the mylohyoid ridge in 100% of cases and 2 mm below the mylohyoid ridge in 78.9% of cases in the mandibular second molar region. In keeping with a safety factor of 2 mm, implants can be safely placed up to the mylohyoid ridge in 82.6% of cases and 2 mm below the mylohyoid ridge in 43.1% of cases in the first molar region. A more pronounced undercut was seen in the second molar region than in the first molar region. Deeper fossa undercuts in vertical dimension are associated with more inferior positioning of the mandibular canal.
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Abraham S, Manoharan PS, Arivarasan NK, Prabhu K, Karthik VC, Kirubakaran A. A simplified intraoral appliance for protecting the flap in a patient with oral submucous fibrosis. Indian J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijds.ijds_120_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Karthik VC, Prabhu K, Bharath N, Shobana P, Indhu K, Abraham S, Arunalakshmi K. Randomized controlled study on effect of concentrated growth factors on crestal bone levels and peri-implant bone density in dental implants. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2022; 14:S68-S77. [PMID: 36110820 PMCID: PMC9469271 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_552_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Modern dentistry aims to restore the comfort and health of the stomatognathic system. Dental implants have emerged as a promising option for this purpose. Concentrated growth factors (CGFs) have been suggested to enhance the healing of bone grafts and enhance the integration of implants into the bone. Growth factors are proteins which regulate the complex process of wound healing. They play an important role in cell migration, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in the tissue regeneration phase. CGF was first developed by Sacco in 2006. It can be used as a barrier membrane to accelerate soft-tissue healing. CGF does not require any chemical or anticoagulants, and hence, it is free from viral transmission diseases. Crestal bone levels, peri-implant bone density, bleeding, probing depth, mobility, occlusion factors, restoration adequacy, radiographic images, oral hygiene, and patient health status are some of the important parameters for determining longevity of success rates in implant dentistry. This study will assess the peri-implant bone density and crestal bone levels with and without the use of CGF. Aim: To evaluate the effect of CGFs on peri-implant bone density and in the preservation of crestal bone levels around dental implants. Materials and Methods: Sampling procedure: Random selection of population (Sealed envelope method) Number of groups: Two-Control group (Group 1) and Experimental group (Group 2) Sample size: 20
For Group 2, implants were placed with CGF. For Group 1, implants were placed without CGF. The peri-implant bone density and bone levels were measured by Digora and signora software. Results: The mean crestal bone loss on the mesial aspect of implants placed in Group 2 is 0.294 mm and Group 1 is 0.345 mm, and the mean crestal bone loss on the distal aspect of implants placed in Group 2 is 0.320 mm and in Group 1 is 0.331 mm. There are no many significant differences on mesial and distal aspects around implants between the two groups Intragroup comparison of bone density values in Group 1 shows the mean difference from baseline to 1 month is 0.6, and after three and 6 months periods are 1.1 and 1.1, respectively, which indicates not much significant improvement in bone density values in Group 1. Intergroup comparison shows a significant difference between both the groups starting from as early as the 1st month. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that CGF is significantly better in the regeneration of bone around the implants when comparing with nonCGF groups. Although CGF showed improvement in bone formation, there are no many differences in crestal bone level changes on mesial and distal sides of the implants between the two groups.
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Derangula SSR, Muthiah NS, Somashekar HS, Sukumar E, Prabhu K. Hepatoprotective Effect of Annona Squamosa Linn. (AS) Leaves on Isoniazid & Rifampin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i62b35181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this investigation was to examine if an ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has any hepatoprotective benefits in rats suffering from isoniazid-rifampin induced hepatotoxicity.
Methodology: The rats were separated in five groups (n=6): group 1, a control; group 2 administered isoniazid (100 mg/kg, I.P.) & rifampin (100 mg/kg, I.P.) in sterile water; group 3 as a control & traditional silymarin, 2.5 mg/kg, B.W., P.O.; groups 4 & 5 are treated & received 200 & 400 mg/kg, B.W., P.O., ethanolic extract of AS. All of the treatment procedures were monitored for a total of 21 days after the rats were slaughtered & Biochemical & histological investigations were performed on the blood & liver respectively.
Results: Rats (Group - 2) treated with Rifampin (RIF) & Isoniazid (INH) elevated their blood Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) & Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels during a variety of ways. The consumption of ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa considerably reduced Rifampin & Isoniazid induced elevations in serum diagnostic liver marker enzymes. SGOT, SGPT & ALP are the three involved enzymes. Furthermore, the medical care groups had significantly larger total macromolecule & total albumen levels. The extract result was compared thereto of Silymarin, a standard medication. The histological profile backed up the changes in biochemical markers. An ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has been discovered to protect rats from oxidative liver injury caused by rifampin & isoniazid.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of AS protects rats from isoniazid & rifampin induced oxidative liver injury.
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Derangula SSR, Muthiah NS, Somashekar HS, Sukumar E, Prabhu K. Hepatoprotective Activity of Pongamia Pinnata Leaves on Antitubercular Drugs (Isoniazid & Rifampin) Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i62a35555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Pongamia Pinnata on antitubercular drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Methods: The experiment used five groups of male wistar rats, each with six individuals. The two control groups were given gum acacia and a mixture of isoniazid and rifampin. The two test groups received 200 and 400 mg/kg of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pongamia Pinnata, respectively. The fifth group was given silymarin (50mg/kg, orally). The concentrations of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) & thiols were calculated. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical examination, monitored through Tukey's test.
Results: When rats were given a mixture of antitubercular drugs and a high dosage (400 mg/kg) of an ethanolic extract of Pongamia Pinnata, blood enzyme levels were lower than when they were given antitubercular drugs alone. The co-administration of a high dose of Pongamia Pinnata extract with antitubercular drugs reduced MDA levels and elevated thiol levels considerably (p˂ 0.05). These biochemical marker levels, however, were not adjusted.
Conclusion: In rats, Pongamia Pinnata encompasses a partial protective effect against the hepatotoxicity caused by antitubercular drugs at high doses.
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Surendra B, Muthiah NS, Sailaja MV, Prabhu K. A Study of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy among Type-II Diabetic Patients. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i41a32334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Though very common, CAN is a least understood complication of diabetes which is often under diagnosed. In diabetes mellitus patients, CAN leads to silent myocardial infarction and sudden death. So by identifying CAN early, which is asymptomatic will help to delay or arrest its progression.
AIM: To find out the prevalence and the associated risk factors of Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) among type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials & Methods: A total of 273 type-II diabetic participants were selected after taking into consideration of inclusion & exclusion criteria. The prevalence of CAN was assessed by ewings and clarkesnon invasive cardiac autonomic neuropathy reflex tests. The association of risk factors with the presence of CAN was analysed by using Pearson’s chi square test. Data were analysed by using SPSS 16. The accepted level of significance was set below 0.05 (P<0.05).
Results: The prevalence of CAN among type-II diabetic patients in this study was found to be 34%. Prevalence of CAN increased in the participants with male gender, increased age, and increased BMI, increased duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control,dyslipidimea, smokers and hypertension and it is statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this study it is observed that the prevalence of CAN increased with old age, male gender, poor glycemic control, increased duration of diabetes, Dyslipidemia, higher BMI, Hypertension & smoking. So risk factors associated with the CAN be detected and treated at an early stage to further reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Subbiah AJ, Kavimani M, Ramadoss M, Rao MRK, Prabhu K. Effect of Katakakhadiradi Kashayam on Lipid Profile and Pancreatic Damage in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i28b31547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The lipid pattern and levels in diabetic patient are the same as those for subjects with cardiovascular disease. The tactic underlying the oral hypoglycemic agent is to adjust the lipid profile; which can be achieved by herbal therapy. The use of herbs and formulations for attenuation of hyperglycemia and to aid protection against the pancreatic damage is clinically very important. This study was intended to find the efficacy of Katakakhadiradi Kashayam(KKK)on lipid profile and pancreatic tissue damage in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (SN) induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were treated with Katakakhadiradi Kashyam orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/bw. For 28 days and compared with the standard drug Glibenclamide. After the kashayam treatment triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol level were assayed and pancreatic tissue damage caused by streptozotocin was analysed by histology study.Katakakhadiradi kashayam could restore the serum lipid profile by controlling the blood glucose level and reduce the pancreatic injury in diabetic rats. Supplementation of Katakakhadiradi kashayam showed a significant improvement in the serum lipid profile thus helping in retarding the secondary complications.
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Subbiah AJ, Kavimani M, Ramadoss M, Krishna Rao MR, Prabhu K. Antidiabetic Effect of Katakakhadiradi kashayam by Improving the Insulin Expression and Glucose Metabolising Enzyme. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i27a31486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many plants provide a rich source of bioactive chemicals, which are free from undesirable side effects and possess powerful pharmacological actions. The present study was carried out to find the antidiabetic effect of Katakakhadiradi kashayam (KKK) by improving the insulin expression and regulating properly the glucose metabolising enzymes. The diabetes was induced in combination with streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection to Wistar rats. Diabetic rats were treated with Katakakhadiradi kashayam orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/bw for 28 days, and the obtained results of parameters were compared with glibenclamide. The antidiabetic effect of Kashayam was measured by the expression of insulin by immunohistochemistry and restoring the normal clinical values of glucose metabolizing enzymes. The present study specified that hyperglycemia leads to pathological conditions in pancreatic tissue with decreased expression of insulin in β-cells whereas the Katakakhadiradi kashayam normalised the production of insulin. The study found that the antihyperglycemic activity of Katakakhadiradi kashayam L. is mainly due to their ability to restore the function of pancreatic tissues by causing an increase in insulin output and maintaining the glucose metabolising enzymes.
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Raziya Banu M, Ibrahim M, Prabhu K, Rajasankar S. Withaferin-A Protects the Nigral Dopamine Neuron and Recovers Motor Activity in Aged Rats. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 208:59-65. [PMID: 31982873 DOI: 10.1159/000505183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin-A (WA) was evaluated for its neuroprotective efficacy on the dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) in aged rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into group I, young (3 months old); group II, aged (24 months old); group III, aged rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg bodyweight once per day for 30 days), and group IV, young rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg bodyweight). At the end of the experiment period, the animals were subjected to various motor behavior analyses, and were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. The brains were dissected out and subjected to various analyses, including histological, histomorphometrical, and immunolocalization of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme. The data of rotarod analysis (p < 0.001) showed a significant motor impairment in aged rats (number of falls 10.2 ± 0.86) and reduction in retention time (31.23 ± 2.56 s) compared to young controls (2.41 ± 0.35 and 84.05 ± 5.15 s). The stride length was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in aged rats (4.21 ± 0.57 and 4.38 ± 0.61 cm) when compared to young control rats (6.98 ± 0.25 and 7.13 ± 0.70 cm). The histomorphometric data of the aged animals showed a significant reduction in the neuronal diameter (p < 0.001), density (p < 0.001), and volume (p < 0.001) in the SN of aged rats when compared to young rats. Immunohistology demonstrated a marked reduction in the levels of TH enzyme in both the SN and ST of aged animals when compared to young rats. Both structural and functional impairments were reversed in the aged animals after the supplementation of WA (p < 0.001). The present study clearly indicates that WA attenuates the ageing-mediated motor degenerative changes in the SN and ST of aged rats and ascertains its neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raziya Banu
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath Institute of higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.,Department of Anatomy, Karpagavinayaga Institute of Medical Science and Research Center, Chennai, India
| | - Muhammed Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath Institute of higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Satheesh Naik K, Gurushanthaiah M, Kavimani M, Prabhu K, Lokanadham S. Hepatoprotective Role of Eclipta alba against High Fatty Diet Treated Experimental Models - A Histopathological Study. Maedica (Bucur) 2019; 13:217-222. [PMID: 31490461 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2018.13.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The hepatic injury due to oxidative stress was ameliorated through administration of an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba leaves and suggested that wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone were the possible components of Eclipta alba behind the protective effect on liver as well as against liver disorders. Objective To study the hepato-protective effects of Eclipta alba on high fatty diet treated experimental models. Material and methods A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165-215 grams, from the animal house of the Basaveshwara Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Chitradurga, were used for the present study: group 1 included animals fed with normal diet (control); group 2, animals treated with hyperlipidemic diet for eight weeks; group 3, animals treated with hyperlipidemic diet for eight weeks, followed by one week post treatment of Eclipta alba with normal diet; group 4, animals treated with hyperlipidemic diet for eight weeks, followed by two weeks post-treatment of Eclipta alba with normal diet; and group 5, animals treated with hyperlipidemic diet for eight weeks, followed by three weeks posttreatment of Eclipta alba with normal diet. Results In animals with high fat diet (30%), we observed the deposition of fat in the form of fat lobules in and around the hepatocytes, mononuclear in filtration in the liver parenchyma, dilation of blood vessels, necrotic foci and damaged hepatocytes. Conclusion The components of Eclipta alba like wedelolactone, demethylwedelolactone and saponins reduced fat deposition, mononuclear infiltration, and necrotic foci, and stimulated hepatocyte regeneration in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Satheesh Naik
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath University (BIHER), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Gurushanthaiah
- Department of Anatomy, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
| | - M Kavimani
- Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Lokanadham
- Department of Anatomy, Santhiram Medical College and Hospital, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Morris S, Prabhu K. Plasmablastic lymphoma in the oral cavity of a hiv negative male: acase report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jayakumari S, Prabhu J, Prabhu K, Kumar J, Subramanian M, Kavimani. Saraswatarishta reverses neuronal injury in brain tissues of scopolamine-induced rat model. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_45_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Raziya Banu M, Ibrahim M, Prabhu K, Rajasankar S. Ameliorative Effect of Withaferin A on Ageing-Mediated Impairment in the Dopamine System and Its Associated Behavior of Wistar Albino Rat. Pharmacology 2018; 103:114-119. [PMID: 30544122 DOI: 10.1159/000495510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) was evaluated for its neuro-protective efficacy on ageing induced striatal dopamine (DA) and behavioural changes in aged rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into group I - young (3 months), Group II - aged (24 months), Group III - aged rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg b.w once in a day for 30 days) and Group IV - young rats supplemented with WA (50 mg/kg b.w). The HPLC assay revealed significant decline in the levels of DA and homovanillic acid (HVA) in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) of aged rat. A marked decline in motor activity of aged rat was observed through open field, beam walking and grid walking motor experiments. These results indicate that ageing reduces nigro-striatal activity as well as nigro-striatal DA levels. Interestingly, the administration of WA (50 mg\kg b.w) resulted in a substantial resurge of DA and HVA in SN and ST and a significant reversal of motor impairment in aged rats. This study is the first report that evidently determines the neuro-protective efficacy of WA on dopaminergic system of SN and ST in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raziya Banu
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath Institute of higher education and Research, Chennai, India.,Department of Anatomy, Karpagavinayaga Institute of Medical Science and Research Center, Chennai, India
| | - Muhammed Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, DR. ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath Institute of higher education and Research, Chennai, India
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Prabhu K, Singh HP, Kumar S, Maurya MK, Verma V, Mishra A, Agarwal SP. Oral Submucous Fibrosis- Correlation between Clinical Findings and Histopathological Grading. BJOHNS 2018. [DOI: 10.47210/bjohns.2018.v26i2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) occurs in young adults, who are in the habit of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut and its various commercially available preparations. The disease results in progressive inability to open the mouth due to the submucosal fibrosis initiated by chronic inflammation affecting mainly oral mucosa. Authors undertook the present study to correlate the clinical features of OSMF to histopathological features and to find out aetiopathological factors of this condition.
Materials and Methods
A total of 123 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients, in the age range of 17 to 70 years were studied. Mouth opening was measured using a scale and was recorded in millimeters. Incisional biopsy was taken from the representative areas in the oral cavity. The patients were graded clinically and histopathologically and results were analyzed and discussed.
Result
Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (37.4%) with male predominance. The duration of either tobacco or areca nut chewing ranged from 1 to 35 yrs. Most patients had these habits for 6-19 yrs. Majority (55.3% & 54.5%) of the patients belonged to grade-2 (clinical grading) and intermediate grade (HPE grading) respectively. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with clinical grading (χ2=204.08, p<0.001).
Discussion
The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits and also with clinical findings of restriction of mouth opening and inter incisal distance. The HPE findings showed significant and direct association with clinical grading i.e. when the clinical grading increases, the histopathological grading also increases.
Conclusion
OSMF is a disease with a high incidence. It also carries a significant risk of transformation to oral cancer. As no effective medical and surgical treatment is available for this condition; it is desirable to diagnose OSMF at early stages.
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Sundararajan L, Prabhu K, Ramesh V, Sankar J. Empyema Due to Thoracic Migrating Appendicolith. Indian Pediatr 2018; 55:603-604. [PMID: 30129545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retained appendicolith following appendicectomy, and can cause recurrent abscess in the abdomen and retroperitoneum. CASE CHARACTERISTICS 11-yr-old boy who presented with subpulmonic abscess and pneumonia following appendicectomy for perforated appendicitis. OBSERVATION Thoracotomy revealed a thick walled subpulmonic abscess surrounding an appendicolith along with a rent in the posterolateral aspect of the diaphragm. MESSAGE In children presenting with pus collections and a history of recent appendicectomy, the possibility of a migrating appendicolith should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Sundararajan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India. Correspondence to: Dr Lakshmi Sundararajan, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, 12-A Nageswara Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Venkateswari Ramesh
- Department of Paediatrics, CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Janani Sankar
- Department of Paediatrics, CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
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Siveen KS, Prabhu K, Krishnankutty R, Kuttikrishnan S, Tsakou M, Alali FQ, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Tumour Vascularization: Potential and Challenges. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 15:339-351. [PMID: 28056756 DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666170105124038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is defined as the physiological process by which new blood vessels develop from pre-existing vessels; either by sprouting or intussusception. Inhibition of angiogenesis is one of the most encouraging strategies to manage the growth and metastasis of cancers. The functional and proliferative status of blood vessels is regulated by the balance between various key molecules that either stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis. During quiescence, the "angiogenic switch" is "off". However, during tumour development pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic and acidic fibroblast growth factor, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 are pathologically enhanced. Persistent growth of tumour directed capillary networks creates a favourable microenvironment, promoting cancer growth, progression and metastasis. VEGF, particularly VEGF-A, is a key angiogenic factor. Targeting VEGF, its receptors and the downstream signaling cascade, is a viable strategy to prevent tumour growth and metastasis. The present review discusses the role of VEGF in tumour angiogenesis and the current understanding of anti-VEGF therapies as well as refractoriness of anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Kirti Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Magdalini Tsakou
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha. Qatar
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Nichols R, Morris C, Prabhu K, Hartsell W, Cahlon O, Apisarnthanarax S, McGee L, Vargas C. EP-1416: Postoperative proton therapy for pancreas cancer patients on the Proton Collaborative Group registry. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Prabhu K, Subashini BC, Venkatakrishnan B, Ramesh AS. Comparison of dimensional stability of die stone and die silicone: An In Vitro comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jid.jid_95_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zheng Y, Prabhu K, Larson G, Vargas C. Acute and Late Toxicity of Uniform Scanning Proton Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Elakkiya S, Ramesh AS, Prabhu K. Systematic analysis on the efficacy of bone enhancement methods used for success in dental implants. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 17:219-225. [PMID: 28936034 PMCID: PMC5601489 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_19_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafting is beneficial in enhancing bones that are lost due to trauma or natural or pathologic process. Autogenous bone, allogenic bone, xenogeneic bone, bone substitutes, and alloplasts can also be used for this purpose. Bone quantity should be adequate for the placement of implants, which necessitate the use of bone grafts before implant placement. OBJECTIVE This review analyses the different bone graft materials that are used for grafting around implants and evaluate if these grafts yield successful implant osseointegration over a period of time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE-PubMed database was searched from September 2016 to 10 years previously. Several journals were hand searched and from cross-references. The primary outcome measure that was analyzed was the survival rate of dental implants in the grafted sites at 6 months-1 year, and the secondary outcomes were success rates of dental implants over a period of 3-5 years' follow-up. RESULTS The search yielded 213 articles. Ultimately, 31 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were selected. The analysis shows that autologous bone grafts can be preferred over allografts and xenografts for grafting implant sites, which showed less complication and high success rate. CONCLUSION Based on the available data in the current existing studies with a follow-up period of at least 3-5 years, it can be summarized that the autologous bone grafts can be preferred over allografts and xenografts for grafting implant sites since they are stable for at least 3-5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elakkiya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Ramesh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Badiyan S, Hartsell W, Cahlon O, Giap H, Prabhu K, Feigenberg S, Chuong M, Mohindra P, Mehta M, Vargas C, Hoppe B, Simone C. Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Stage II-III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated with Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) on the Proton Collaborative Group (PCG) Prospective Registry Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chao H, Berman A, Mick R, Ciunci C, Gabriel P, Lin H, Both S, Langer C, Lelionis K, Rengan R, Prabhu K, Hartsell W, Simone C, Plastaras J. Central Volume Target Overlap and Esophageal Dose Predict for Toxicity in a Prospective Study of Reirradiation for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Using Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kankara RS, Arockiaraj S, Prabhu K. Environmental sensitivity mapping and risk assessment for oil spill along the Chennai Coast in India. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 106:95-103. [PMID: 27016958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integration of oil spill modeling with coastal resource information could be useful for protecting the coastal environment from oil spills. A scenario-based risk assessment and sensitivity indexing were performed for the Chennai coast by integrating a coastal resource information system and an oil spill trajectory model. The fate analysis of spilled oil showed that 55% of oil out of a total volume of 100m(3) remained in the water column, affecting 800m of the shoreline. The seasonal scenarios show major impact during the southwest (SW) and northeast (NE) monsoons and more fatal effects on marine pelagic organisms during SW monsoon. The Oil Spill Risk Assessment Modeler tool was constructed in a geographic information systems (GIS) platform to analyze the risks, sensitivity mapping, and priority indexing of resources that are likely to be affected by oil spills along the Chennai coast. The results of sensitivity mapping and the risk assessment results can help organizations take measures to combat oil spills in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kankara
- Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management Project Directorate, Chennai 600100, India.
| | - S Arockiaraj
- Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management Project Directorate, Chennai 600100, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management Project Directorate, Chennai 600100, India
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Kumari VA, Bharathi K, Prabhu K, Ponnudurai K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Cinnamoyl and Mandelate Metformin Analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2016.19633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gupta M, Prabhu K, Ramesh M, Venketsh V. Association of neck strength with upper femoral geometry and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Orthop Allied Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/2319-2585.193843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhang C, Prabhu K, Tweedie B, Newman T, Thomas R. Head injury management in a district general hospital: A full audit cycle. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zheng Y, Singh H, Zhao L, Ramirez E, Rana S, Prabhu K, Doh L, Larson G. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer Using Uniform Scanning Proton Beams: Adaptation Strategies, Practical Considerations, and Clinical Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Singh H, Zhao L, Prabhu K, Rana S, Zheng Y. SU-E-T-503: Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) Versus Intensity Modulated X-Ray Therapy (IMRT) for Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Dosimetric Comparison. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sunder S, Jayaraman R, Mahapatra HS, Sathi S, Venkataramanan K, Prabhu K, Gupta A, Sethi S. Analysis of case series of milky urine: A single center and departmental clinical experience with emphasis on management perspectives: A prospective observational study. Urol Ann 2014; 6:340-5. [PMID: 25371613 PMCID: PMC4216542 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.141002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Milky urine can be due to chyluria or lipiduria due to nephrotic syndrome. Filarial chyluria usually responds to medical management while non-filarial cases may require surgical intervention. Aim: To perform a prospective observational study in patients presenting with milky urine in our centre over a period of one year from July 2011 to June 2012, a complete biochemical work up and imaging to find out the site of leakage of lymph if it is a case of chyluria, its response to medical management and the requirement of surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: Routine blood and urine investigations, 24 hour urine protein excretion, USG abdomen, serum lipid profile and rapid filarial antigen test were done in all. MRI abdomen was done in affordable patients. Renal biopsy was done in some chyluria patients for academic purpose and in milky urine with negative urine ether test. Sclerotherapy was done with 50% dextrose and 0.2% povidone iodine. Patients were followed up with 24 hour urine protein and triglyceride estimation. Results: 18 cases of milky urine were encountered. 8 were filarial chyluria, 9 non- filarial and 1 MCD. Mean urine TG level and median 24 hour urinary protein excretion were 37.2 ± 24.6 mg% and 4.96 g respectively. The mean age for filariasis (22.9 ± 4.5 years) was significantly different from that of non-filarial etiology (31.5 ± 4.8 years) (P = 0.005). The mean 24 hour urinary protein for normal MRI cases (4.64 ± 0.70 g) was significantly different from those with dilated lymphatics (8.15 ± 2.55 g) (P = 0.02). All the non- filarial and 4 filarial cases required sclerotherapy. One patient required a second sitting. Conclusion: Milky urine is most commonly due to chyluria and occasionally due to nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is managed in its own way while chyluria not amenable to pharmacological intervention is managed with sclerotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sham Sunder
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Jayaraman
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Mahapatra
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyanand Sathi
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K Venkataramanan
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Sethi
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Zhao L, Singh H, Prabhu K, Gary L, Zheng Y. Adaptive Re-Planning for Proton Treatment of Lung Cancer Using 4D Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prabhu K, Mohanraj K, Kannan S, Barathan S, Sivakumar G. Effect of pH, L-Arginine Concentration, and Aging Time on Selenium Nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2013.771666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Prabhu
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - S. Kannan
- a Department of Physics , Manonmaniam Sundaranar University , Tirunelveli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - S. Barathan
- b Department of Physics , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - G. Sivakumar
- c CISL, Department of Physics , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , Tamil Nadu , India
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Saikumar P, Selvi VK, Prabhu K, Venkatesh P, Krishna P. Anti mullerian hormone: a potential marker for recruited non growing follicle of ovarian pool in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1866-9. [PMID: 24179884 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5530.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian disease is one of the most common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age. Anti- mullerian hormone (AMH), a member of transforming growth factor (TGF) family which is secreted by granulosa cells of growing follicle, is found to be increased to three to four fold in Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) patients as evidenced by previous studies. But the level of AMH in relation to the infertile status of PCOS was not studied yet. The present study was focused to determine the discriminative power of AMH in infertility subjects with regular cycles and infertility subjects associated with PCOS. METHODS The subjects under study were one hundred and twenty infertile women of age group ranging from 27-35 years. Subjects, were further divided into sixty infertile with regular cycles as controls (Group1) and sixty infertile subjects with PCOS as cases (Group 2). Hormones like FSH, E2 and AMH were assayed for all the subjects. Mean and student t- test for all hormones were compared between controls and cases. The diagnostic power of AMH pertaining to sensitivity and specificity was evaluated by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Serum AMH level were two fold higher in PCOS patients than in controls. The mean value of AMH also shows a test of significance between the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the AMH assay was 0.95 in infertile group when 3.34ng/ml was used as cut off point indicating its better discriminative power and good diagnostic potency. Setting the AMH value at 3.34ng/ml sensitivity, specificity,Positive Predictive Value(PPV) and Negative Predictive Value(NPV) were observed 98% ,93%, 93% and 98% respectively. CONCLUSION The diagnostic potency of Area Under Curve (AUC) for AMH in infertile subjects reflects that AMH is a potential marker for recruited non growing follicles rather than a simple marker for ovarian reserve as it is predominantly produced by small follicles rather than a simple marker for ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Saikumar
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prabhu K. Biological properties of brittle star Ophiocnemis marmorata collected from Parangipettai, Southeast coast of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5897/jma2013.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Prabhu K, Ariga P, Philip JM. Comparison of the efficiency of photography-assisted shade selection to visual shade selection. Gen Dent 2013; 61:19-23. [PMID: 23823338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to compare the efficacy of digital photographs and graphic software for shade matching to that of conventional visual shade selection. Thirty-one postgraduate students were used and shade selection was analyzed through 1 of 4 different techniques: digital spectrophotometer, conventional visual shade selection, visual shade selection assisted by digital photography, and shade selection by color difference formulas and computer software. Shade selection done with digital photography and graphic software using color difference formulas offered better and statistically significant shade matching compared to conventional visual shade selection and visual shade selection assisted by digital photography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prabhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Asa Memorial Dental College and Hospitals, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karthikeyan T, Subramaniam RK, Johnson WMS, Prabhu K. Placental thickness & its correlation to gestational age & foetal growth parameters- a cross sectional ultrasonographic study. J Clin Diagn Res 2012; 6:1732-5. [PMID: 23373039 PMCID: PMC3552215 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2012/4867.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gestational Age (GA) is frequently over or under estimated, as the conventional gestational estimation is based on the Last Menstrual Period (LMP) and on ultrasonography (USG). Many people are unaware of their LMP and irregular menstruations and USG is bound to have a bias, thereby posing difficulties in the GA estimation. AIM This study was aimed at estimating the (Placental Thickness) PT and at investigating the relationship between PT and the foetal growth parameters in normal singleton pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred eleven pregnant women were recruited in a cross sectional prospective study. The pregnancies were between 11 to 40 weeks and they were not complicated by either maternal or foetal diseases. The Biparietal Diameter (BPD), the Abdominal Circumference (AC), the Head Circumference (HC), the Femur Length (FL) and the PT were measured by USG by using a 3.5 MHz transducer. RESULTS The maximum mean PT in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and the combined trimesters were 16.5 mm, 23.78 mm, 35.81 mm and 28.49 mm respectively. The correlation between PT and the other foetal parameters was investigated by Pearson's correlation analysis. The values were expressed as mean + standard deviation. The statistical tests were two-tailed, with a p value of < 0.01, which indicated the statistical significance. There was a strong positive correlation between PT and GA, with the correlation coefficient values for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters being r = 0.609, r = 0.812 and r = 0.814 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between PT and BPD, AC, FL, ABC, HC and FW also. The mathematical relationships between PT and GA, BPD, AC, FL, ABC, HC, FW were derived by regression analysis. The regression equation which was derived was (x - 22.92) = (0.3604) (w-27.86446) + (1.0256)(y-1.1678) + (0.0015)(z-216.2841) + (0.1047) (t-43.1555) + (0.027) (u.192.79000) + (0.0042) (v-60.3725), where x = GA in weeks, w = PT in mm, y = FW in kg, z = HC in mm, t = FL in mm, u = AC in mm and v = BPD in mm. CONCLUSION We conclude that PT can be used as a predictor of the GA. The subnormal PT for the corresponding GA should be evaluated for any disease condition. So, the measurement of PT should therefore be carried out routinely during the obstetric USGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karthikeyan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College, Bharath University, Chennai,Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - WMS Johnson
- Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Prabhu
- Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College, Bharath University, Chennai,Tamilnadu, India
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Mansoorali KP, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Prabhu K, Rama Rao N. Cerebroprotective effect of Eclipta alba against global model of cerebral ischemia induced oxidative stress in rats. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:1108-1116. [PMID: 22951390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to neuronal damage induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible cerebroprotective and antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba against global cerebral ischemia in the rat. Adult Wistar albino rats were treated with extract of Eclipta alba (250 and 500mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days. The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCA) for 30min, followed by 4h reperfusion. Quercetin (20mg/kg, i.p.) was used for the reference compound. After that, animals were sacrificed by decapitation, brain was removed, various biochemical estimations, cerebral edema, assessment of cerebral infarct size, and histopathological examinations were carried out. BCCA caused significant depletion in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutahione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione ruductase (GR) and significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain. Pretreatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba significantly reversed the levels of biochemical parameters and significantly reduced the edema and cerebral infarct size as compared to the ischemic control group. Eclipta alba at higher dose markedly reduced ischemia-induced neuronal loss of the brain. Reduction of cerebral edema, an early symptom of ischemia, is one of the most important remedies for reducing subsequent chronic neural damage in stroke. The results of the study show that Eclipta alba pretreatment ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and enhances the antioxidant defense against BCCA occlusion induced I/R in rats; so it exhibits cerebroprotective property. HPLC fingerprint of hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba was performed for conforming the coumestan present in the plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mansoorali
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560090, Karnataka, India
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Keole S, Zeidan O, Mascia A, Vargas C, Prabhu K, Larson G, Nordhues E, Gaston R, Taylor J. Initial Toxicities of Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Uniform Scanning Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Priyadharshini S, Bragadeeswaran S, Prabhu K, Ran SS. Antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of seaweed extracts Ulva fasciata (Delile 1813) from Mandapam, Southeast coast of India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kumar AN, Murugan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Prabhu K. Spinosad and neem seed kernel extract as bio–controlling agents for malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi and non–biting midge, Chironomus circumdatus. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:614-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a relatively common epithelial malignancy, and thus represents a significant public health problem. Early detection improves quality of life for affected patients. Identification of molecular markers (or biomarkers) which can predict disease progression is necessary for better management of these disorders. A correlation of cholinesterase with tumourigenesis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation has been observed. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; pseudocholinesterase) has been shown to be a biochemical marker for cervical cancer which is also an epithelial malignancy. In this study, we sought to estimate and compare serum BChE levels in healthy controls and patients with biopsy-proven oral squamous cell cancer (also an epithelial malignancy) before definitive therapy as radiotherapy or chemotherapy may alter the levels of BChE and may act as a confounding variable. METHOD After obtaining consent from biopsy proven oral cancer patients (n= 39) (before onset of any definitive treatment), and from age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 20), 2ml of blood was collected. After clot formation samples were centrifuged, serum was collected for estimation of BChE. RESULTS Pre-treatment serum BChE levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) in oral cancer patients compared to that of controls. BChE levels showed a significant increase (p = 0.005) with advancing stage in oral cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our results show there could be a role for serum BChE in determining the prognosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies recognized nowadays. Its early detection is the better alternative to provide a good quality of life for the patients. During the last years, several studies have identified potential biomarkers of OSCC progression and prognosis. The phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are responsible for the hydrolysis of the second messengers with a fundamental role in the transduction of the intracellular signals. Variations in PDE activity have been correlated to different pathological mechanisms, such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor invasivity. PDEs are also known to play a role in tumor growth by influencing angiogenesis. AIM To estimate and compare serum PDE levels in healthy controls and biopsy-proven oral cancer patients before definitive therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional Ethics Committee gave us the permission to conduct this study. After obtaining consent from biopsy-proven oral cancer patients (n = 39) (before onset of any definitive treatment) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 20), 2 ml of blood was collected in plain vacutainers. After clot formation, samples were centrifuged and serum was collected for estimation of PDE. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Kruskal-Wallis test; Mann-Whitney Test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pretreatment PDE levels were significantly elevated in oral cancer patients (P<0.0001) as compared with the controls and also there was a significant increase in PDE levels (P<0.001) with advancing stage in oral cancer patients. This may implicate a role for serum PDE in pathophysiology of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Roy S, Niranjan C, Jyothi T, Shankrayya M, Vishawanath K, Prabhu K, Gouda V, Setty R. Antiulcer and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Aerial Parts Enicostemma littorale Blume. J Young Pharm 2011; 2:369-73. [PMID: 21264096 PMCID: PMC3019375 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.71629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiulcer and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the aerial parts of Enicostemma littorale against aspirin, ethanol, and pyloric ligation-induced ulcers in rats and bovine serum albumin denaturation were studied. The extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg po) was administered to the overnight fasted rats, one hour prior to aspirin / alcohol / pyloric ligation challenge. The ulcer index, tissue GSH levels, and lipid peroxidation levels were estimated in all the models of ulcers and the volume of gastric secretion, acidity, and pH, were estimated in the pyloric ligation model of ulcers. Pretreatment with the extract showed a dose-dependent decrease in the ulcer index (Against Aspirin, ethanol challenge, and pyloric ligation. The prior administration of the extract also reduced the total acidity, free acidity, and volume of gastric secretion, and elevated the gastric pH. In addition, it was also observed that the extract inhibited the serum albumin denaturation in a dose-dependent manner. It may be concluded that the methanolic extract possesses antiulcer activity, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract may be attributed to the antioxidant potential, as reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sp Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, S. C. S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli - 583 131, Karnataka, India
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Kang Y, Zeidan O, Schenkenfelder P, Hsi W, Zheng Y, Mascia A, Ding X, Larson G, Prabhu K, Keole S. SU-E-T-358: Dosimetric Effects of Beam Angle Arrangements in Lung Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Jhaveri J, Ghannam S, Ghosh P, Pagala M, Prabhu K, Lee M, Shabsigh R. Does Race have an association with income or education? Journal of Men's Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Jhaveri J, Ghannam S, Schulman A, Prabhu K, Hakimian P, Lindsay G, Shabsigh R. Emotional support and Sexual satisfaction: Is there a Correlation? Journal of Men's Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sagili H, Prabhu K. Unilateral acquired vulval lymphangiectasia mimicking a vulval tumour. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 30:527-8. [PMID: 20604667 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2010.487169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sagili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
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Prabhu K, Karar PK, Ponnudurai K, Hemalatha S. Pharmacognostic Investigation of the Leaves and Stems of Viburnum erubescens Wall.ex DC. TROP J PHARM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v8i6.49404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bragadeeswaran S, Therasa D, Prabhu K, Kathiresan K. Biomedical and pharmacological potential of tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria isolated from marine pufferfish Arothron hispidus (Muller, 1841). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992010000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Biswas K, Kumar A, Babaria BA, Prabhu K, Setty RS. Hepatoprotective effect of leaves of Peltophorum pterocarpum against paracetamol Induced acute liver damage in rats. J Basic Clin Pharm 2009; 1:10-5. [PMID: 25206247 PMCID: PMC4158896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70% ethanolic extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves were investigated for its hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced acute liver damage on albino wister rats. Paracetamol (2gm/kg, po) significantly elevated the serum levels of biochemical markers like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, bilirubin (total and direct), total cholesterol, triglycerides and depleted tissue GSH and increased the lipid peroxidation. upon administration of paracetamol (2mg/kg p.o.) to albino rats. This indicated that there The 70% ethanolic extract of leaves of Peltophorum pterocarpum at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg doses significantly reduced the elevated levels of biochemical markers mentioned above. Test extract treatment also increased the level of tissue GSH and significantly decreased tissue lipid preoxidation. The effect of 70% ethanolic extract (ELPP) was comparable with that of the standard silymarin 100mg/kg. These results suggest that 70% ELPP may have the potential therapeutic value in the treatment of paracetamol induced hepatic damage and some liver diseases. Hepatoprotective activity of the study plant may be attributed to the anti-oxidant principles in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli-583131, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli-583131, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Bhavin A. Babaria
- Department of Pharmacology, S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli-583131, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - K Prabhu
- Department of Pharmacology, S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli-583131, Karnataka, INDIA
| | - Ramachandra S Setty
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Alahsa-31892, Saudi Arabia.,Corresponding Author: E-mail:
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