51
|
Hou X, Zhang Y, Li W, Hu AJ, Luo C, Zhou W, Hu JK, Daniele SG, Wang J, Sheng J, Fan Y, Greenberg AS, Farmer SR, Hu MG. CDK6 inhibits white to beige fat transition by suppressing RUNX1. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29523786 PMCID: PMC5845007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas white adipose tissue depots contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, brown and beige adipose tissue has beneficial metabolic effects. Here we show that CDK6 regulates beige adipocyte formation. We demonstrate that mice lacking the CDK6 protein or its kinase domain (K43M) exhibit significant increases beige cell formation, enhanced energy expenditure, better glucose tolerance, and improved insulin sensitivity, and are more resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Re-expression of CDK6 in Cdk6−/− mature or precursor cells, or ablation of RUNX1 in K43M mature or precursor cells, reverses these phenotypes. Furthermore, RUNX1 positively regulates the expression of Ucp-1 and Pgc1α by binding to proximal promoter regions. Our findings indicate that CDK6 kinase activity negatively regulates the conversion of fat-storing cells into fat-burning cells by suppressing RUNX1, and suggest that CDK6 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Beige adipocytes can arise from transdifferentiation of mature white adipocytes. Here the authors identify CDK6 as a key molecule involved in the white-to-beige adipocyte transdifferentiation and, therefore, as a regulator of organismal energy homeostasis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Center for Analysis and Testing, 548 Bin-Wen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhao Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Alexander J Hu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Chi Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jamie K Hu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, MD program for Jamie K. Hu, MD-PhD Program for Stefano G. Daniele, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Stefano G Daniele
- Yale School of Medicine, MD program for Jamie K. Hu, MD-PhD Program for Stefano G. Daniele, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, 27 jiefang road, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276003, China
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Institute of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Center for Analysis and Testing, 548 Bin-Wen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 72E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Supra-pharmacological concentration of capsaicin stimulates brown adipogenesis through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:845. [PMID: 29339762 PMCID: PMC5770457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that brown (pre)adipocytes express Trpv1, a capsaicin receptor, and that capsaicin stimulates differentiation of brown preadipocytes in the late stages of brown adipogenesis. The present study revealed that treatment with 100 μM capsaicin stimulates brown adipogenesis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Treatment with capsaicin (100 μM) during brown adipogenesis enhanced lipid accumulation and the expression of Ucp1, a gene selectively expressed in brown adipocytes. Capsaicin treatment also caused an increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration even when extracellular calcium was removed. I-RTX, a Trpv1 inhibitor, did not modulate the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, lipid accumulation or Ucp1 expression. Previous studies revealed that the release of calcium from the ER induces ER stress, leading to the conversion of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) pre-mRNA to spliced Xbp1 (sXbp1) as well as the up-regulation of Chop expression. Capsaicin treatment increased the expression of sXbp1 and Chop in brown preadipocytes and did not enhance lipid accumulation or Ucp1 expression in Xbp1 knockdown cells. The present results describe a novel mechanism of brown adipogenesis regulation via ER stress that is induced by a supra-pharmacological concentration of capsaicin.
Collapse
|
53
|
Lone J, Yun JW. Honokiol exerts dual effects on browning and apoptosis of adipocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
54
|
Li T, Cheng X, Du M, Chen B, Mao X. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) hydrolysates in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Food Funct 2017. [PMID: 28636034 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates (GHP) exhibit both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in vitro. However, whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in the cytoprotective effect of GHP against the inflammatory status remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that HO-1 is a potential target of GHP, which mediates its anti-inflammatory effect. Here, GHP inhibited the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. GHP also suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, zinc(ii)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), a selective inhibitor of HO-1, restored the GHP-mediated suppression of ROS production and NOX2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS expression. GHP treatment inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) translocation, which was markedly reversed by ZnPPIX. Furthermore, GHP induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt and p38. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt, ERK1/2, and p38 abrogated GHP-induced nuclear localization of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and the expression of HO-1. In summary, GHP inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory status through upregulating HO-1 expression via PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Singh R, Braga M, Reddy ST, Lee SJ, Parveen M, Grijalva V, Vergnes L, Pervin S. Follistatin Targets Distinct Pathways To Promote Brown Adipocyte Characteristics in Brown and White Adipose Tissues. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1217-1230. [PMID: 28324027 PMCID: PMC5460830 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Fst expression is highest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle, but is also present at substantial levels in epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WATs). Fst promotes mouse brown preadipocyte differentiation and promotes browning during differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Fst-transgenic (Fst-Tg) mice show substantial increases in circulating Fst levels and increased brown adipose mass. BAT of Fst-Tg mice had increased expression of brown adipose-associated markers including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PRDM16, PGC-1α, and Glut4. WATs from Fst-Tg mice show upregulation of brown/beige adipose markers and significantly increased levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK/ERK1/2 proteins compared with the wild-type (WT) mice. Pharmacological inhibition of pp38 MAPK/pERK1/2 pathway of recombinant mouse Fst (rFst) treated differentiating 3T3-L1 cells led to significant blockade of Fst-induced UCP1 protein expression. On the other hand, BAT from Fst-Tg mice or differentiating mouse BAT cells treated with rFst show dramatic increase in Myf5 protein levels as well as upregulation of Zic1 and Lhx8 gene expression. Myf5 levels were significantly downregulated in Fst knock-out embryos and small inhibitory RNA-mediated inhibition of Myf5 led to significant inhibition of UCP1, Lhx8, and Zic1 gene expression and significant blockade of Fst-induced induction of UCP1 protein expression in mouse BAT cells. Both interscapular BAT and WAT tissues from Fst-Tg mice display enhanced response to CL316,243 treatment and decreased expression of pSmad3 compared with the WT mice. Therefore, our results indicate that Fst promotes brown adipocyte characteristics in both WAT and BAT depots in vivo through distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, Brown/physiology
- Adipocytes, White/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/anatomy & histology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, White/anatomy & histology
- Adipose Tissue, White/physiology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Transdifferentiation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Female
- Follistatin/blood
- Follistatin/genetics
- Follistatin/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Thermogenesis/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059; Departments of
- 2Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Melissa Braga
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059; Departments of
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- 2Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Medicine, Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Meher Parveen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059; Departments of
| | | | - Laurent Vergnes
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Shehla Pervin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059; Departments of
- 2Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Lee SG, Parks JS, Kang HW. Quercetin, a functional compound of onion peel, remodels white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
57
|
Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
BAR502, a dual FXR and GPBAR1 agonist, promotes browning of white adipose tissue and reverses liver steatosis and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42801. [PMID: 28202906 PMCID: PMC5311892 DOI: 10.1038/srep42801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease. Here, we have investigated whether BAR502, a non-bile acid, steroidal dual ligand for FXR and GPBAR1, reverses steato-hepatitis in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and fructose. After 9 week, mice on HFD gained ≈30% of b.w (P < 0.01 versus naïve) and were insulin resistant. These overweighting and insulin resistant mice were randomized to receive HFD or HFD in combination with BAR502. After 18 weeks, HFD mice developed NASH like features with severe steato-hepatitis and fibrosis, increased hepatic content of triacylglycerol and cholesterol and expression of SREPB1c, FAS, ApoC2, PPARα and γ, α-SMA, α1 collagen and MCP1 mRNAs. Treatment with BAR502 caused a ≈10% reduction of b.w., increased insulin sensitivity and circulating levels of HDL, while reduced steatosis, inflammatory and fibrosis scores and liver expression of SREPB1c, FAS, PPARγ, CD36 and CYP7A1 mRNA. BAR502 increased the expression of SHP and ABCG5 in the liver and SHP, FGF15 and GLP1 in intestine. BAR502 promoted the browning of epWAT and reduced liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. In summary, BAR502, a dual FXR and GPBAR1 agonist, protects against liver damage caused by HFD by promoting the browning of adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
59
|
Tung YC, Hsieh PH, Pan MH, Ho CT. Cellular models for the evaluation of the antiobesity effect of selected phytochemicals from food and herbs. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:100-110. [PMID: 28911527 PMCID: PMC9333434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals from food and herbs have been studied for their health benefits for a long time. The incidence of obesity has seen an incredible increase worldwide. Although dieting, along with increased physical activity, seems an easy method in theory to manage obesity, it is hard to apply in real life. Obesity treatment drugs and surgery are not successful or targeted for everyone and can have significant side effects. This low rate of success is the major reason that the overweight as well as the pharmaceutical industry seek alternative methods, including phytochemicals. Therefore, more and more research has focused on the role of phytochemicals to alleviate lipid accumulation or enhance energy expenditure in adipocytes. This review discusses selected phytochemicals from food and herbs and their effects on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation of fatty acids, and browning in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106,
Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901,
USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106,
Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402,
Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354,
Taiwan
- Corresponding authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (M.-H. Pan); Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA (C.-T. Ho). E-mail addresses: (M.-H. Pan), (C.-T. Ho)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901,
USA
- Corresponding authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (M.-H. Pan); Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA (C.-T. Ho). E-mail addresses: (M.-H. Pan), (C.-T. Ho)
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tanaka-Yachi R, Takahashi-Muto C, Adachi K, Tanimura Y, Aoki Y, Koike T, Kiyose C. Promoting Effect of α-Tocopherol on Beige Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells and Rat White Adipose Tissue. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:171-179. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chie Takahashi-Muto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences
| | - Kazuya Adachi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Yukina Tanimura
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | | | | | - Chikako Kiyose
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Matsukawa T, Villareal MO, Motojima H, Isoda H. Increasing cAMP levels of preadipocytes by cyanidin-3-glucoside treatment induces the formation of beige phenotypes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:77-85. [PMID: 27865158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem and a major risk factor for the onset of several diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and cancer. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes, also called beige or brite adipocytes, by pharmacological and dietary compounds has gained attention as an effective treatment for obesity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G), a polyphenolic compound contained in black soybean, blueberry and grape, has several antiobesity effects. However, there are no reports on the role of Cy3G in the induction of differentiation of preadipocytes to beige adipocytes and corresponding phenotypes. Here, the formation of beige adipocyte phenotypes following treatment with Cy3G was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cy3G induced phenotypic changes to white adipocytes, such as increased multilocular lipid droplets and mitochondrial content. Additionally, the expression of mitochondrial genes (TFAM, SOD2, UCP-1 and UCP-2), UCP-1 protein and beige adipocyte markers (CITED1 and TBX1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased by Cy3G. Furthermore, Cy3G promoted preadipocyte differentiation by up-regulating of C/EBPβ through the elevation of the intracellular cAMP levels. These results indicated that Cy3G elevates the intracellular cAMP levels, which induces beige adipocyte phenotypes. This is the first report on the effect of Cy3G on induction of differentiation of preadipocytes into beige adipocyte phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideko Motojima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Monoterpene phenolic compound thymol promotes browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2329-2341. [PMID: 27431894 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Appearance of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue depots (browning) is associated with improved metabolic phenotypes, and thus a wide variety of dietary agents that contribute to browning of white adipocytes are being studied. The aim of this study was to assess the browning effect of thymol, a dietary monoterpene phenolic compound, in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. METHODS Thymol-induced fat browning was investigated by determining expression levels of brown fat-specific genes and proteins by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Moreover, the molecular mechanism underlying the fat-browning effect of thymol was investigated by determining expression levels of key players responsible for browning in the presence of kinase inhibitors. RESULTS Thymol promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced expression of a core set of brown fat-specific markers as well as increased protein levels of PPARγ, PPARδ, pAMPK, pACC, HSL, PLIN, CPT1, ACO, PGC-1α, and UCP1, suggesting its possible role in browning of white adipocytes, augmentation of lipolysis, fat oxidation, and thermogenesis, and reduction of lipogenesis. Increased expression of UCP1 and other brown fat-specific markers by thymol was tightly coordinated with activation of β3-AR as well as AMPK, PKA, and p38 MAPK. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that 3T3-L1 is a potential cell model for screening browning agents. Thymol plays multiple modulatory roles in the form of inducing the brown-like phenotype as well as enhancing lipid metabolism. Thus, thymol may be explored as a potentially promising food additive for prevention of obesity.
Collapse
|
63
|
Cell Models and Their Application for Studying Adipogenic Differentiation in Relation to Obesity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071040. [PMID: 27376273 PMCID: PMC4964416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, the increasing prevalence of obesity has favored an intense study of adipose tissue biology and the precise mechanisms involved in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Adipocyte commitment and differentiation are complex processes, which can be investigated thanks to the development of diverse in vitro cell models and molecular biology techniques that allow for a better understanding of adipogenesis and adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity. The aim of the present work was to update the different animal and human cell culture models available for studying the in vitro adipogenic differentiation process related to obesity and its co-morbidities. The main characteristics, new protocols, and applications of the cell models used to study the adipogenesis in the last five years have been extensively revised. Moreover, we depict co-cultures and three-dimensional cultures, given their utility to understand the connections between adipocytes and their surrounding cells in adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
64
|
Monoterpene limonene induces brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Life Sci 2016; 153:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
65
|
Miller CN, Yang JY, England E, Yin A, Baile CA, Rayalam S. Isoproterenol Increases Uncoupling, Glycolysis, and Markers of Beiging in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138344. [PMID: 26390217 PMCID: PMC4577088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic activation stimulates uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), enhancing metabolic rate. In vitro, most work has studied brown adipocytes, however, few have investigated more established adipocyte lines such as the murine 3T3-L1 line. To assess the effect of beta-adrenergic activation, mature 3T3-L1s were treated for 6 or 48 hours with or without isoproterenol (10 and 100 μM) following standard differentiation supplemented with thyroid hormone (T3; 1 nM). The highest dose of isoproterenol increased lipid content following 48 hours of treatment. This concentration enhanced UCP1 mRNA and protein expression. The increase in UCP1 following 48 hours of isoproterenol increased oxygen consumption rate. Further, coupling efficiency of the electron transport chain was disturbed and an enhancement of glycolytic rate was measured alongside this, indicating an attempt to meet the energy demands of the cell. Lastly, markers of beige adipocytes (protein content of CD137 and gene transcript of CITED1) were also found to be upregulated at 48 hours of isoproterenol treatment. This data indicates that mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes are responsive to isoproterenol and induce UCP1 expression and activity. Further, this finding provides a model for further pharmaceutical and nutraceutical investigation of UCP1 in 3T3-L1s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette N. Miller
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emily England
- Neuroscience Division, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amelia Yin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Clifton A. Baile
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine–GA Campus, Suwanee, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Mu Q, Fang X, Li X, Zhao D, Mo F, Jiang G, Yu N, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Fu M, Liu JL, Zhang D, Gao S. Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes browning through regulation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:530-5. [PMID: 26381176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Browning of white adipocyte tissue (WAT) has received considerable attention due to its potential implication in preventing obesity and related comorbidities. Ginsenoside Rb1 is reported to improve glycolipid metabolism and reduce body weight in obese animals. However whether the body reducing effect mediates by browning effect remains unclear. For this purpose, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to study the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on browning adipocytes specific genes and oxygen consumptions. The results demonstrate that 10 μM of ginsenoside Rb1 increases basal glucose uptake and promoted browning evidenced by significant increases in mRNA expressions of UCP-1, PGC-1α and PRDM16 in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Further, ginsenoside Rb1 also increases PPARγ activity. And the browning effect is abrogated by GW9692, a PPARγ antagonist. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 increases basal respiration rate, ATP production and uncoupling capacity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Those effects are also blunted by GW9692. The results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 promote browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through induction of PPARγ. Our finding offer a new source to discover browning agonists and also useful to understand and extend the applications of ginseng and its constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Mu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Yu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang H, Kavishwar A, Lynes M, Brownell AL, Sun H, Tseng YH, Moore A, Ran C. Curcumin analogues as selective fluorescence imaging probes for brown adipose tissue and monitoring browning. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13116. [PMID: 26269357 PMCID: PMC4534785 DOI: 10.1038/srep13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) can be promising new approaches to counter metabolic disorder diseases in humans. Imaging probes that could consistently monitor BAT mass and browning of WAT are highly desirable. In the course of our imaging probe screening, we found that BAT could be imaged with curcumin analogues in mice. However, the poor BAT selectivity over WAT and short emissions of the lead probes promoted further lead optimization. Limited uptake mechanism studies suggested that CD36/FAT (fatty acid transporter) probably contributed to the facilitated uptake of the probes. By increasing the stereo-hindrance of the lead compound, we designed CRANAD-29 to extend the emission and increase the facilitated uptake, thus increasing its BAT selectivity. Our data demonstrated that CRANAD-29 had significantly improved selectivity for BAT over WAT, and could be used for imaging BAT mass change in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, as well as for monitoring BAT activation under cold exposure. In addition, CRANAD-29 could be used for monitoring the browning of subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) induced by β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL-316, 243.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- 1] Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA [2] School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China [3] Department of pharmacy, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanli Tian
- 1] Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA [2] Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Amol Kavishwar
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Lynes
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Lettieri Barbato D, Tatulli G, Maria Cannata S, Bernardini S, Aquilano K, Ciriolo MR. Glutathione Decrement Drives Thermogenic Program In Adipose Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13091. [PMID: 26260892 PMCID: PMC4531326 DOI: 10.1038/srep13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue metabolically adapts to external stimuli. We demonstrate that the induction of the thermogenic program in white adipocytes, through cold exposure in mice or in vitro adrenergic stimulation, is accompanied by a decrease in the intracellular content of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the treatment with a GSH depleting agent, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), recapitulates the effect of cold exposure resulting in the induction of thermogenic program. In particular, BSO treatment leads to enhanced uncoupling respiration as demonstrated by increased expression of thermogenic genes (e.g. Ucp1, Ppargc1a), augmented oxygen consumption and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Buffering GSH decrement by pre-treatment with GSH ester prevents the up-regulation of typical markers of uncoupling respiration. We demonstrate that FoxO1 activation is responsible for the conversion of white adipocytes into a brown phenotype as the “browning” effects of BSO are completely abrogated in cells down-regulating FoxO1. In mice, the BSO-mediated up-regulation of uncoupling genes results in weight loss that is at least in part ascribed to adipose tissue mass reduction. The induction of thermogenic program has been largely proposed to counteract obesity-related diseases. Based on these findings, we propose GSH as a novel therapeutic target to increase energy expenditure in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lettieri Barbato
- Dept. Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tatulli
- Scientific Institute for Research Hospitalization and Health Care and Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Maria Cannata
- Dept. Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Dept. Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- 1] Dept. Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy [2] Scientific Institute for Research Hospitalization and Health Care and Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria R Ciriolo
- 1] Dept. Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy [2] Scientific Institute for Research Hospitalization and Health Care and Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ko HJ, Lo CY, Wang BJ, Chiou RYY, Lin SM. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate, a black tea polyphenol, stimulates lipolysis associated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and AMPK–FoxO3A–MnSOD pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|