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Kolvenbach CM, Dworschak GC, Frese S, Japp AS, Schuster P, Wenzlitschke N, Yilmaz Ö, Lopes FM, Pryalukhin A, Schierbaum L, van der Zanden LFM, Kause F, Schneider R, Taranta-Janusz K, Szczepańska M, Pawlaczyk K, Newman WG, Beaman GM, Stuart HM, Cervellione RM, Feitz WFJ, van Rooij IALM, Schreuder MF, Steffens M, Weber S, Merz WM, Feldkötter M, Hoppe B, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Berg C, Kristiansen G, Ludwig M, Reutter H, Woolf AS, Hildebrandt F, Grote P, Zaniew M, Odermatt B, Hilger AC. Rare Variants in BNC2 Are Implicated in Autosomal-Dominant Congenital Lower Urinary-Tract Obstruction. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:994-1006. [PMID: 31051115 PMCID: PMC6506863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital lower urinary-tract obstruction (LUTO) is caused by anatomical blockage of the bladder outflow tract or by functional impairment of urinary voiding. About three out of 10,000 pregnancies are affected. Although several monogenic causes of functional obstruction have been defined, it is unknown whether congenital LUTO caused by anatomical blockage has a monogenic cause. Exome sequencing in a family with four affected individuals with anatomical blockage of the urethra identified a rare nonsense variant (c.2557C>T [p.Arg853∗]) in BNC2, encoding basonuclin 2, tracking with LUTO over three generations. Re-sequencing BNC2 in 697 individuals with LUTO revealed three further independent missense variants in three unrelated families. In human and mouse embryogenesis, basonuclin 2 was detected in lower urinary-tract rudiments. In zebrafish embryos, bnc2 was expressed in the pronephric duct and cloaca, analogs of the mammalian lower urinary tract. Experimental knockdown of Bnc2 in zebrafish caused pronephric-outlet obstruction and cloacal dilatation, phenocopying human congenital LUTO. Collectively, these results support the conclusion that variants in BNC2 are strongly implicated in LUTO etiology as a result of anatomical blockage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gabriel C Dworschak
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Frese
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna S Japp
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peggy Schuster
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Wenzlitschke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Öznur Yilmaz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Filipa M Lopes
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centere, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Pryalukhin
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Schierbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Loes F M van der Zanden
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Kause
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- Department and Clinics of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlaczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Glenda M Beaman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Stuart
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Raimondo M Cervellione
- Paediatric Urology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Wouter F J Feitz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A L M van Rooij
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Waltraut M Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Feldkötter
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50391 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50391 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50391 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centere, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Phillip Grote
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcin Zaniew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zielona Góra, 56-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Benjamin Odermatt
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Neuro-Anatomy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Huang J, Liu F, Wang B, Tang H, Teng Z, Li L, Qiu Y, Wu H, Chen J. Central and Peripheral Changes in FOS Expression in Schizophrenia Based on Genome-Wide Gene Expression. Front Genet 2019; 10:232. [PMID: 30967896 PMCID: PMC6439315 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder. Multiple transcriptomic gene expression profiling analysis has been used to identify schizophrenia-associated genes, unravel disease-associated biomarkers, and predict clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify gene expression regulation, underlying pathways, and their roles in schizophrenia pathogenesis. We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for microarray studies of fibroblasts, lymphoblasts, and post-mortem brains of schizophrenia patients. Our analysis demonstrated high FOS expression in non-neural peripheral samples and low FOS expression in brain tissues of schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. FOS exhibited predictive value for schizophrenia patients in these datasets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that “amphetamine addiction” was among the top 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways. FOS and FOSB, which are implicated in the amphetamine addiction pathway, were up-regulated in schizophrenia fibroblast samples. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that proteins closely interacting with FOS-encoded protein were also involved in the amphetamine addiction pathway. Pearson correlation test indicated that FOS showed positive correlation with genes in the amphetamine pathway. The results revealed that FOS was acceptable as a biomarker for schizophrenia and may be involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Lehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
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53
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visceral myopathies remain difficult and frustrating clinical entities, a distinctive form of acquired degenerative visceral myopathy, African degenerative leiomyopathy, a myogenic functional intestinal obstruction without aganglionosis which affects smooth muscle of the intestine, in young indigenous African children. The Actin G2 gene is the main gene encoding smooth muscle actin found in enteric tissues. Recent research has identified Actin G2 alpha gene variation as an important causative biomarker in visceral myopathies and megacystis microcolon. This study of the Actin G2 gene (ACTG2) in an African population explores a possible molecular basis abnormal muscle function in a visceral myopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Following ethical permission and informed consent, DNA was extracted from whole blood samples in five patients with histologically proven African degenerative leiomyopathy. PCR amplification of ACTG2 alpha gene products by semi-automated bi-directional sequencing analysis. Results were analysed using FinchTV Sequence Alignment Software and predicting bioinformatic investigation by PolyPhen 2 software. RESULTS Five new patients with the ADL phenotypes were prospectively investigated for variation in the Actin G2 gamma gene (ACTG2). ACTG2 gene variation occurred in exon 5 (c.463 A>G K119R), in three (60%). In addition, intronic variation t > c-IVS3 was identified in three with the K119 mutation plus further g > c -IVS12 and t > c + IVS16(2), suggesting a possible haplotype. Bioinformatic modelling showed that these ACTG2 gene variations are highly non-conservative altering protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent Actin G2 smooth muscle gene variation in African degenerative visceral leiomyopathy is associated with abnormal muscle actin development.
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54
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Posey JE, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Chong JX, Harel T, Jhangiani SN, Coban Akdemir ZH, Buyske S, Pehlivan D, Carvalho CMB, Baxter S, Sobreira N, Liu P, Wu N, Rosenfeld JA, Kumar S, Avramopoulos D, White JJ, Doheny KF, Witmer PD, Boehm C, Sutton VR, Muzny DM, Boerwinkle E, Günel M, Nickerson DA, Mane S, MacArthur DG, Gibbs RA, Hamosh A, Lifton RP, Matise TC, Rehm HL, Gerstein M, Bamshad MJ, Valle D, Lupski JR. Insights into genetics, human biology and disease gleaned from family based genomic studies. Genet Med 2019; 21:798-812. [PMID: 30655598 PMCID: PMC6691975 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes and variants contributing to rare disease phenotypes and Mendelian conditions informs biology and medicine, yet potential phenotypic consequences for variation of >75% of the ~20,000 annotated genes in the human genome are lacking. Technical advances to assess rare variation genome-wide, particularly exome sequencing (ES), enabled establishment in the United States of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMGs) and have facilitated collaborative studies resulting in novel "disease gene" discoveries. Pedigree-based genomic studies and rare variant analyses in families with suspected Mendelian conditions have led to the elucidation of hundreds of novel disease genes and highlighted the impact of de novo mutational events, somatic variation underlying nononcologic traits, incompletely penetrant alleles, phenotypes with high locus heterogeneity, and multilocus pathogenic variation. Herein, we highlight CMG collaborative discoveries that have contributed to understanding both rare and common diseases and discuss opportunities for future discovery in single-locus Mendelian disorder genomics. Phenotypic annotation of all human genes; development of bioinformatic tools and analytic methods; exploration of non-Mendelian modes of inheritance including reduced penetrance, multilocus variation, and oligogenic inheritance; construction of allelic series at a locus; enhanced data sharing worldwide; and integration with clinical genomics are explored. Realizing the full contribution of rare disease research to functional annotation of the human genome, and further illuminating human biology and health, will lay the foundation for the Precision Medicine Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Anne H O'Donnell-Luria
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeynep H Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sushant Kumar
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janson J White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Dane Witmer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne Boehm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Camilleri M, Wieben E, Eckert D, Carlson P, O’Dwyer RH, Gibbons D, Acosta A, Klee EW. Familial chronic megacolon presenting in childhood or adulthood: Seeking the presumed gene association. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13550. [PMID: 30663199 PMCID: PMC6432647 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We identified a pedigree over five generations with 49 members, some of whom had chronic megacolon presenting in adolescence or adulthood. We aimed to assess the genetic cause of chronic megacolon through clinical and DNA studies. DESIGN After ethical approval and informed consent, family members provided answers to standard bowel disease questionnaires, radiological or surgical records, and DNA (buccal mucosal scraping). Exome DNA sequencing of colon tissue or blood DNA from seven family members with colon or duodenal dilatation, or no megacolon (n = 1) was carried out. Sanger sequencing was performed in 22 additional family members to further evaluate candidate variants. The study focused on genes of potential relevance to enteric nerve (ENS) maturation and Hirschsprung's disease or megacolon, based on the literature (GFRA1, NKX2-1, KIF26A, TPM3, ACTG2, SCN10A, and C17orf107 [CHRNE]) and other genetic variants that co-segregated with megacolon in the six affected family members. RESULTS Information was available in all except five members alive at time of study; among 30 members who provided DNA, six had definite megacolon, one megaduodenum, seven significant constipation without bowel dilatation, and 16 normal bowel function by questionnaire. Among genes studied, SEMA3F (g.3:50225360A>G; c1873A>G) was found in 6/6 family members with megacolon. The SEMA3F gene variant was assessed as potentially pathogenic, based on M-CAP in silico prediction. SEMA3F function is associated with genes (KIT and PDGFRB) that impact intestinal pacemaker function. CONCLUSION Familial chronic megacolon appears to be associated with SEMA3F, which is associated with genes impacting enteric nerve or pacemaker function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric Wieben
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Deborah Eckert
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paula Carlson
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ralph Hurley O’Dwyer
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Denys Gibbons
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andres Acosta
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric W. Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Yetman AT, Starr LJ. Newly described recessive MYH11 disorder with clinical overlap of Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction and Megacystis microcolon hypoperistalsis syndromes. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:1011-1014. [PMID: 29575632 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a neonatal patient with fixed dilated pupils and pulmonary, bladder, and bowel dysfunction suspicious for the presence of ACTA2 R179 mediated multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. Whole exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in MYH11 after ACTA2 specific testing revealed no abnormalities. The child lived until 18 months of age and represents the only reported case of an MYH11 compound heterozygote with widespread smooth muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anji T Yetman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lois J Starr
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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57
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Nakamura H, O'Donnell AM, Puri P. Consanguinity and its relevance for the incidence of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS): systematic review. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:175-180. [PMID: 30386895 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare congenital and generally fatal cause of functional intestinal obstruction in the newborn. The cause of this syndrome is unknown. Familial occurrence and reports of consanguinity in MMIHS implies that genetic factors may have an important role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine the consequence of consanguinity for the incidence of MMIHS. METHODS A literature search was performed using the keywords "megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis" for studies published between 1976 and 2018. Retrieved articles, including additional studies from reference lists, were reviewed for consanguinity between parents and recurrence of MMIHS between siblings. Data were extracted for cases where familial MMIHS was present. RESULTS A total of 450 patients with the diagnosis of MMIHS have been reported in the literature. There were 56 (12%) cases in which familial MMIHS was confirmed, 25 families with multiple siblings and 3 families with single affected infant. Of the 25 families with multiple siblings, 22 families had 2 siblings with confirmed MMIHS and 3 families had 3 children each with MMIHS. Consanguinity between parents was confirmed in 30 cases (18 siblings and 12 individual cases). Female-to-male ratio in the 30 patients was 4.4:1. CONCLUSION The occurrence of MMIHS in the offspring of consanguineous parents and recurrence in siblings of healthy parents suggest that MMIHS is an autosomal recessive disorder. Pre-marital and pre-conception counselling of consanguineous populations is recommended to prevent harmful consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakamura
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Donnell
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical, Research University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Oral Pyridostigmine-responsive Visceral Myopathy With ACTG2 Mutations: A Case Series. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:e16-e17. [PMID: 30334933 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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59
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Wong DG, Arevalo MK, Passoni NM, Iqbal NS, Jascur T, Kern AJ, Sanchez EJ, Satyanarayan A, Gattineni J, Baker LA. Phenotypic severity scoring system and categorisation for prune belly syndrome: application to a pilot cohort of 50 living patients. BJU Int 2019; 123:130-139. [PMID: 30113772 PMCID: PMC7368761 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design a novel system of scoring prune belly syndrome (PBS) phenotypic severity at any presenting age and apply it to a large pilot cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2000 to 2017, patients with PBS were recruited to our prospective PBS study and medical records were cross-sectionally analysed, generating individualised RUBACE scores. We designed the pragmatic RUBACE-scoring system based on six sub-scores (R: renal, U: ureter, B: bladder/outlet, A: abdominal wall, C: cryptorchidism, E: extra-genitourinary, generating the acronym RUBACE), yielding a potential summed score of 0-31. The 'E' score was used to segregate syndromic PBS and PBS-plus variants. The cohort was scored per classic Woodard criteria and RUBACE scores compared to Woodard category. RESULTS In all, 48 males and two females had a mean (range) RUBACE score of 13.8 (8-25) at a mean age of 7.3 years. Segregated by phenotypic categories, there were 39 isolated PBS (76%), six syndromic PBS (12%) and five PBS-plus (10%) cases. The mean RUBACE scores for Woodard categories 1, 2, and 3 were 20.5 (eight patients), 13.8 (25), and 10.6 (17), respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RUBACE is a practical, organ/system level, phenotyping tool designed to grade PBS severity and categorise patients into isolated PBS, syndromic PBS, and PBS-plus groups. This standardised system will facilitate genotype-phenotype correlations and future prospective multicentre studies assessing medical and surgical treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- DG Wong
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - MK Arevalo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - NM Passoni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Pediatric Urology, Children’s Health Dallas, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite F4300, Dallas, TX 75207, USA
| | - NS Iqbal
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - T Jascur
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - AJ Kern
- Pediatric Urology, Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2001 Medical Pkwy, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - EJ Sanchez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Pediatric Urology, Children’s Health Dallas, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite F4300, Dallas, TX 75207, USA
| | - A Satyanarayan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Pediatric Urology, Children’s Health Dallas, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite F4300, Dallas, TX 75207, USA
| | - J Gattineni
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Health Dallas, 1935 Medical District Dr, Suite B5238, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - LA Baker
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Pediatric Urology, Children’s Health Dallas, 2350 N. Stemmons Freeway, Suite F4300, Dallas, TX 75207, USA
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60
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Iqbal NS, Jascur TA, Harrison S, Chen C, Arevalo MK, Wong D, Sanchez E, Grimsby G, Wilson K, Baker LA. Copy number variations in a population with prune belly syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2276-2283. [PMID: 30285310 PMCID: PMC6289753 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) is a congenital multisystem myopathy with mild to lethal severity. While of uncertain etiology, 95% male predominance and familial occurrence suggest a genetic basis. As copy number variations (CNVs) can cause unexplained genetic disorders, we tested for novel CNVs in a large PBS population. We genotyped 21 unrelated PBS patients by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and phenotyped using a novel PBS severity scoring system. Available parents were screened for detected CNV via quantitative PCR (qPCR). We additionally screened for recurrence of identified novel candidate CNVs on 106 PBS probands by qPCR. We identified 10 CNVs in 8 of 21 PBS patients tested (38%). Testing confirmed inheritance from an unaffected biological parent in six patients; parental samples were unavailable in two probands. One candidate CNV includes duplication of the X-chromosome AGTR2 gene, known to function in urinary tract development. Subsequent screening of the larger PBS cohort did not identify any recurrent CNVs. Presence of CNV did not correlate with PBS severity scoring. CNVs were uncommon in this large PBS population, but analysis of identified variants may inform disease pathogenesis and reveal targets for therapeutic intervention for this rare, severe disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida S Iqbal
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
| | - Thomas A Jascur
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Catherine Chen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
- Phoenix Children's Medical Group, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michelle K Arevalo
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel Wong
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Kathleen Wilson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
| | - Linda A Baker
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Health, Center for Pediatric Urology, Dallas, TX
- Phoenix Children's Medical Group, Phoenix, AZ
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61
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Ravenscroft G, Pannell S, O'Grady G, Ong R, Ee HC, Faiz F, Marns L, Goel H, Kumarasinghe P, Sollis E, Sivadorai P, Wilson M, Magoffin A, Nightingale S, Freckmann ML, Kirk EP, Sachdev R, Lemberg DA, Delatycki MB, Kamm MA, Basnayake C, Lamont PJ, Amor DJ, Jones K, Schilperoort J, Davis MR, Laing NG. Variants in ACTG2 underlie a substantial number of Australasian patients with primary chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13371. [PMID: 29781137 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by severely impaired gastrointestinal motility. The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of ACTG2, LMOD1, MYH11, and MYLK mutations in an Australasian cohort of patients with a diagnosis of primary CIPO associated with visceral myopathy. METHODS Pediatric and adult patients with primary CIPO and suspected visceral myopathy were recruited from across Australia and New Zealand. Sanger sequencing of the genes encoding enteric gamma-actin (ACTG2) and smooth muscle leiomodin (LMOD1) was performed on DNA from patients, and their relatives, where available. MYH11 and MYLK were screened by next-generation sequencing. KEY RESULTS We identified heterozygous missense variants in ACTG2 in 7 of 17 families (~41%) diagnosed with CIPO and its associated conditions. We also identified a previously unpublished missense mutation (c.443C>T, p.Arg148Leu) in one family. One case presented with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in utero with subsequent termination of pregnancy at 28 weeks' gestation. All of the substitutions identified occurred at arginine residues. No likely pathogenic variants in LMOD1, MYH11, or MYLK were identified within our cohort. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES ACTG2 mutations represent a significant underlying cause of primary CIPO with visceral myopathy and associated phenotypes in Australasian patients. Thus, ACTG2 sequencing should be considered in cases presenting with hypoperistalsis phenotypes with suspected visceral myopathy. It is likely that variants in other genes encoding enteric smooth muscle contractile proteins will contribute further to the genetic heterogeneity of hypoperistalsis phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - S Pannell
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - G O'Grady
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Ong
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - H C Ee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - F Faiz
- PathWest Diagnostic Genomics, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - L Marns
- PathWest Diagnostic Genomics, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - H Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - P Kumarasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - E Sollis
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - P Sivadorai
- PathWest Diagnostic Genomics, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - M Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Magoffin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - S Nightingale
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M-L Freckmann
- ACT Genetics, The Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - E P Kirk
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - R Sachdev
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Lemberg
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - M B Delatycki
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M A Kamm
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - C Basnayake
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P J Lamont
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - D J Amor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - K Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - J Schilperoort
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - M R Davis
- PathWest Diagnostic Genomics, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - N G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,PathWest Diagnostic Genomics, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Lu W, Xiao Y, Huang J, Lu L, Tao Y, Yan W, Cao Y, Cai W. Causes and prognosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in 48 subjects: A 10-year retrospective case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12150. [PMID: 30200110 PMCID: PMC6133590 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognosis and survival of pediatric subjects with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) and investigate the independent risk factors affecting their prognosis.This was a retrospective case series of all pediatric subjects suffering from CIPO and treated at the Pediatric Surgical ward of Xinhua Hospital between January 2006 and January 2016.The overall mortality was 19/48 (39.6%). Because of delayed CIPO diagnosis, many subjects underwent a variety of surgical procedures. The rate of additional surgical procedures was high (35/48, 72.9%), but the number of surgical procedures, parenteral nutrition, and megacystis did not affect mortality. Mycotic infection was significantly associated with mortality, while onset at <1 year and hypoganglionosis showed a tendency to be associated with mortality.Mycotic infection was associated with mortality of children with CIPO. Despite improving treatment approaches, the overall prognosis of CIPO remains poor. The choice of the surgical intervention could be based on standard criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Weihui Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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63
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Collins RRJ, Barth B, Megison S, Pfeifer CM, Rice LM, Harris S, Timmons CF, Rakheja D. ACTG2-Associated Visceral Myopathy With Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction, Intestinal Malrotation, Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis, Choledochal Cyst, and a Novel Missense Mutation. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 27:77-83. [PMID: 30019982 DOI: 10.1177/1066896918786586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary visceral myopathy caused by a pathogenic mutation in the gene encoding the enteric smooth muscle actin gamma 2 ( ACTG2) affects gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and often presents as chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. We present a case of pediatric onset chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction associated with a novel missense ACTG2 mutation c.439G>T/p.G147C. In addition to the known disease manifestations of feeding intolerance and intestinal malrotation, our patient had a late-onset hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and a late-onset choledochal cyst, the former of which has not previously been described in patients with ACTG2-associated visceral myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R J Collins
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bradley Barth
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Megison
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cory M Pfeifer
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luke M Rice
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samar Harris
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charles F Timmons
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
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Korğalı EÜ, Yavuz A, Şimşek CEÇ, Güney C, Kurtulgan HK, Başer B, Atalar MH, Özer H, Eğilmez HR. Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome in Which a Different De Novo Actg2 Gene Mutation was Detected: A Case Report. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2018; 37:109-116. [PMID: 29608093 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2018.1445149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is characterized by bladder distension without urinary tract obstruction, decreased or absent intestinal peristalsis and microcolon. Although the definitive cause remains unknown, changes in the ACTG2 gene are thought to be responsible for the intestinal and bladder hypoperistalsis. CASE REPORT This female newborn with MMIHS had a c.532C>A /p.Arg178Ser heterozygous de novo mutation detected in the ACTG2 gene. Normal immature ganglion cells, normal calretinin punctate positivity, maintence of smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity, and decreased numbers of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs) were detected. CONCLUSION This previously unreported c.532C>A /p.Arg178Ser heterozygous de novo mutation in the ACTG2 gene may lead to a severe form of MMIHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ünver Korğalı
- a Cumhuriyet University , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Amine Yavuz
- a Cumhuriyet University , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Sivas , Turkey
| | | | - Cengiz Güney
- b Cumhuriyet Universitesi , Department of Pediatric Surgery , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Hande Küçük Kurtulgan
- c Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Burak Başer
- c Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Haydar Atalar
- d Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Hatice Özer
- e Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Hatice Reyhan Eğilmez
- e Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology , Sivas , Turkey
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Buinoiu N, Panaitescu A, Demetrian M, Ionescu S, Peltecu G, Veduta A. Ultrasound prenatal diagnosis of typical megacystis, microcolon, intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:855-858. [PMID: 29744072 PMCID: PMC5930184 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of megacystis in the second half of pregnancy, with increased amniotic fluid, especially in a female fetus, the most likely diagnostic result is megacystis, microcolon, intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, MMIHS. In these cases, the diagnosis of MMIHS should be strongly considered instead of lower urinary tract obstruction.
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66
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Farrelly JS, Weiss RM, Copel JA, Porto AF, Ahle SL, Luks VL, McGrath JM, Stitelman DH. An atypical case of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome with extended survival and consistent bowel function. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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67
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Abstract
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is defined by either continuous or intermittent symptoms of bowel obstruction in the absence of fixed lumen excluding lesion. CIP includes a heterogeneous group of disorders which result either from diseases affecting the enteric neurons and smooth muscle lining or those involving the autonomic innervation of the bowel. Symptoms associated with CIP are nonspecific, which can sometimes contribute to the delay in recognizing the condition and making the correct diagnosis. The diagnostic workup should include imaging and manometry studies and, occasionally, full-thickness bowel biopsies for histopathological examination may be required. Multidisciplinary team approach for the management of these patients is recommended, and the team members should include a gastroenterologist, surgeon, chronic pain specialist, clinical nutritionist, and a psychologist. The treatment goals should include optimizing the nutritional status and preventing or delaying the development of intestinal failure. The majority of the patients require enteral or parenteral nutrition support, and chronic pain is a common and distressing symptom. Small bowel transplantation may be required if patients develop liver complications due to parenteral nutrition, have difficult central line access, or have poor quality of life and worsening pain despite aggressive medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil El-Chammas
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Manu R Sood
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Homozygous deletion in MYL9 expands the molecular basis of megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:669-675. [PMID: 29453416 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a severe disease characterized by functional obstruction in the urinary and gastrointestinal tract. The molecular basis of this condition started to be defined recently, and the genes related to the syndrome (ACTG2-heterozygous variant in sporadic cases; and MYH11 (myosin heavy chain 11), LMOD1 (leiomodin 1) and MYLK (myosin light chain (MLC) kinase)-autosomal recessive inheritance), encode proteins involved in the smooth muscle contraction, supporting a myopathic basis for the disease. In the present article, we described a family with two affected siblings with MMIHS born to consanguineous parents and the molecular investigation performed to define the genetic etiology. Previous whole exome sequencing of the affected child and parents did not identify a candidate gene for the disease in this family, but now we present a reanalysis of the data that led to the identification of a homozygous deletion encompassing the last exon of MYL9 (myosin regulatory light chain 9) in the affected individual. MYL9 gene encodes a regulatory myosin MLC and the phosphorylation of this protein is a crucial step in the contraction process of smooth muscle cell. Despite the absence of human or animal phenotype related to MYL9, a cause-effect relationship between MYL9 and the MMIHS seems biologically plausible. The present study reveals a strong candidate gene for autosomal recessive forms of MMIHS, expanding the molecular basis of this disease and reinforces the myopathic basis of this condition.
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69
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Min S, Yoon W, Cho H, Chung J. Misato underlies visceral myopathy in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17700. [PMID: 29255146 PMCID: PMC5735100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms for the pathogenesis of visceral myopathy (VM) have been rarely demonstrated. Here we report the visceral role of misato (mst) in Drosophila and its implications for the pathogenesis of VM. Depletion of mst using three independent RNAi lines expressed by a pan-muscular driver elicited characteristic symptoms of VM, such as abnormal dilation of intestinal tracts, reduced gut motility, feeding defects, and decreased life span. By contrast, exaggerated expression of mst reduced intestine diameters, but increased intestinal motilities along with thickened muscle fibers, demonstrating a critical role of mst in the visceral muscle. Mst expression was detected in the adult intestine with its prominent localization to actin filaments and was required for maintenance of intestinal tubulin and actomyosin structures. Consistent with the subcellular localization of Mst, the intestinal defects induced by mst depletion were dramatically rescued by exogenous expression of an actin member. Upon ageing the intestinal defects were deteriorative with marked increase of apoptotic responses in the visceral muscle. Taken together, we propose the impairment of actomyosin structures induced by mst depletion in the visceral muscle as a pathogenic mechanism for VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohong Min
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, 240 Longwood Avenue, Seeley-Mudd Building, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Woongchang Yoon
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Cho
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Energy Homeostasis Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Milunsky A, Lazier J, Baldwin C, Young C, Primack D, Milunsky JM. Prenatal diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and paternal somatic mosaicism for the ACTG2 pathogenic variant. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:1254-1256. [PMID: 29072330 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Milunsky
- Center for Human Genetics, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Lazier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Carmen Young
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Jeff M Milunsky
- Center for Human Genetics, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Zespół Berdona oraz zespół suszonej śliwki i ich współistnienie − analiza przypadków. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pepo.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction has depended on clinical features, manometry, and imaging. This report aimed to determine the efficacy of sequencing the actin γ-2 (ACTG2) gene for diagnosis. In addition, the goal was to determine how often a mutation would be found in our randomly collected cohort of probands and those probands published previously. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in 4 probands with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Subsequently, only the ACTG2 gene was sequenced in another 24 probands (total 28). We analyzed published data of 83 probands and our 28 (total 111) and determined how many had pathogenic variants and the precise genotype. RESULTS Whole exome and Sanger sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant in the ACTG2 gene in 4 out of 28 of our probands and in 45 out of 83 published probands (49/111 [44.1%]). Moreover, a mutational hotspot in the ACTG2 gene was recognized. Genetic heterogeneity is evident. CONCLUSIONS Pooled gene sequencing results from 1 individual in each of 111 families enabled a precise diagnosis of an ACTG2 mutation in 49 (44%). The benefit to patients and families of early confirmation of a motility disorder not only helps avoid unnecessary intervention, but also enables institution of appropriate treatments and avoidance of secondary disorders such as malnutrition and poor growth. Knowledge of a pathogenic variant in a parent, with a 50% risk of recurrence, provides an opportunity for genetic counseling.
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Halim D, Brosens E, Muller F, Wangler MF, Beaudet AL, Lupski JR, Akdemir ZHC, Doukas M, Stoop HJ, de Graaf BM, Brouwer RWW, van Ijcken WFJ, Oury JF, Rosenblatt J, Burns AJ, Tibboel D, Hofstra RMW, Alves MM. Loss-of-Function Variants in MYLK Cause Recessive Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:123-129. [PMID: 28602422 PMCID: PMC5501771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a congenital disorder characterized by loss of smooth muscle contraction in the bladder and intestine. To date, three genes are known to be involved in MMIHS pathogenesis: ACTG2, MYH11, and LMOD1. However, for approximately 10% of affected individuals, the genetic cause of the disease is unknown, suggesting that other loci are most likely involved. Here, we report on three MMIHS-affected subjects from two consanguineous families with no variants in the known MMIHS-associated genes. By performing homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we found homozygous variants in myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) in both families. We identified a 7 bp duplication (c.3838_3844dupGAAAGCG [p.Glu1282_Glyfs∗51]) in one family and a putative splice-site variant (c.3985+5C>A) in the other. Expression studies and splicing assays indicated that both variants affect normal MYLK expression. Because MYLK encodes an important kinase required for myosin activation and subsequent interaction with actin filaments, it is likely that in its absence, contraction of smooth muscle cells is impaired. The existence of a conditional-Mylk-knockout mouse model with severe gut dysmotility and abnormal function of the bladder supports the involvement of this gene in MMIHS pathogenesis. In aggregate, our findings implicate MYLK as a gene involved in the recessive form of MMIHS, confirming that this disease of the visceral organs is heterogeneous with a myopathic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Halim
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Muller
- Biochimie Prenatale, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Childen's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Childen's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Childen's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep H Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J Stoop
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca M de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jean-François Oury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Rosenblatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alan J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK.
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Luo X, Rosenfeld JA, Yamamoto S, Harel T, Zuo Z, Hall M, Wierenga KJ, Pastore MT, Bartholomew D, Delgado MR, Rotenberg J, Lewis RA, Emrick L, Bacino CA, Eldomery MK, Coban Akdemir Z, Xia F, Yang Y, Lalani SR, Lotze T, Lupski JR, Lee B, Bellen HJ, Wangler MF. Clinically severe CACNA1A alleles affect synaptic function and neurodegeneration differentially. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006905. [PMID: 28742085 PMCID: PMC5557584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in CACNA1A, encoding the α-1A subunit of the neuronal P/Q type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, can cause diverse neurological phenotypes. Rare cases of markedly severe early onset developmental delay and congenital ataxia can be due to de novo CACNA1A missense alleles, with variants affecting the S4 transmembrane segments of the channel, some of which are reported to be loss-of-function. Exome sequencing in five individuals with severe early onset ataxia identified one novel variant (p.R1673P), in a girl with global developmental delay and progressive cerebellar atrophy, and a recurrent, de novo p.R1664Q variant, in four individuals with global developmental delay, hypotonia, and ophthalmologic abnormalities. Given the severity of these phenotypes we explored their functional impact in Drosophila. We previously generated null and partial loss-of-function alleles of cac, the homolog of CACNA1A in Drosophila. Here, we created transgenic wild type and mutant genomic rescue constructs with the two noted conserved point mutations. The p.R1673P mutant failed to rescue cac lethality, displayed a gain-of-function phenotype in electroretinograms (ERG) recorded from mutant clones, and evolved a neurodegenerative phenotype in aging flies, based on ERGs and transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, the p.R1664Q variant exhibited loss of function and failed to develop a neurodegenerative phenotype. Hence, the novel R1673P allele produces neurodegenerative phenotypes in flies and human, likely due to a toxic gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Melissa Hall
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Klaas J. Wierenga
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Pastore
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital & The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Dennis Bartholomew
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital & The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Mauricio R. Delgado
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center andTexas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Richard Alan Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mohammad K. Eldomery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Timothy Lotze
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Loss of LMOD1 impairs smooth muscle cytocontractility and causes megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in humans and mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2739-E2747. [PMID: 28292896 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620507114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a congenital visceral myopathy characterized by severe dilation of the urinary bladder and defective intestinal motility. The genetic basis of MMIHS has been ascribed to spontaneous and autosomal dominant mutations in actin gamma 2 (ACTG2), a smooth muscle contractile gene. However, evidence suggesting a recessive origin of the disease also exists. Using combined homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing, a genetically isolated family was found to carry a premature termination codon in Leiomodin1 (LMOD1), a gene preferentially expressed in vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. Parents heterozygous for the mutation exhibited no abnormalities, but a child homozygous for the premature termination codon displayed symptoms consistent with MMIHS. We used CRISPR-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein) genome editing of Lmod1 to generate a similar premature termination codon. Mice homozygous for the mutation showed loss of LMOD1 protein and pathology consistent with MMIHS, including late gestation expansion of the bladder, hydronephrosis, and rapid demise after parturition. Loss of LMOD1 resulted in a reduction of filamentous actin, elongated cytoskeletal dense bodies, and impaired intestinal smooth muscle contractility. These results define LMOD1 as a disease gene for MMIHS and suggest its role in establishing normal smooth muscle cytoskeletal-contractile coupling.
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76
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Gays D, Hess C, Camporeale A, Ala U, Provero P, Mosimann C, Santoro MM. An exclusive cellular and molecular network governs intestinal smooth muscle cell differentiation in vertebrates. Development 2017; 144:464-478. [PMID: 28049660 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) are a crucial component of the adult gastrointestinal tract and support intestinal differentiation, peristalsis and epithelial homeostasis during development. Despite these crucial roles, the origin of iSMCs and the mechanisms responsible for their differentiation and function remain largely unknown in vertebrates. Here, we demonstrate that iSMCs arise from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) in a stepwise process. Combining pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that TGFβ/Alk5 signaling drives the LPM ventral migration and commitment to an iSMC fate. The Alk5-dependent induction of zeb1a and foxo1a is required for this morphogenetic process: zeb1a is responsible for driving LPM migration around the gut, whereas foxo1a regulates LPM predisposition to iSMC differentiation. We further show that TGFβ, zeb1a and foxo1a are tightly linked together by miR-145 In iSMC-committed cells, TGFβ induces the expression of miR-145, which in turn is able to downregulate zeb1a and foxo1a The absence of miR-145 results in only a slight reduction in the number of iSMCs, which still express mesenchymal genes but fail to contract. Together, our data uncover a cascade of molecular events that govern distinct morphogenetic steps during the emergence and differentiation of vertebrate iSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Gays
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Christopher Hess
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin 10126, Italy .,Vesalius Research Center, VIB-KUL, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Mutation in Actin γ-2 Responsible for Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome in 4 Chinese Patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:624-626. [PMID: 27007401 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanism for the development of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in 4 Chinese patients. We found a c.770G>A (p.R257H) mutation in 3 patients, and a c.769C>T (p.R257C) mutation in the fourth patient by using whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing. The immunohistochemical investigation and transmission electron microscopy revealed an apparent defect of the intestinal smooth muscle, and hypoganglionosis. Our report suggested that R257 variant in the ACTG2 appear to be more frequent in populations of Asian ancestry; mutation of this locus could cause alterations of the intestinal and bladder smooth muscle filaments.
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78
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Translational Research for Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:S105-111. [PMID: 27915476 PMCID: PMC5169095 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632726.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive view of translational research aimed at elucidating the pathophysiology of pediatric lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). A web search was conducted according to combinations of keywords, and the significance of each article was defined by the author. The dramatic evolution of the mass analysis method of genomes, transcripts, and proteins has enabled a comprehensive analysis of molecular events underlying diseases, and these methodologies have also been applied to pediatric LUTD. In genetic analyses of syndromes underlying daytime incontinence, urofacial (Ochoa) syndrome may be creating a prototype of a new research approach. Nocturnal enuresis has long been studied genetically, and several candidate loci have been reported. However, the pursuit for enuresis genes has been abandoned partly because genetic association and enuresis phenotype (bladder or renal type) could not be linked. Enuresis associated with diabetes insipidus has provided new insights into the etiology of the diseases. A chronobiological approach may shed new light on this area. Posterior urethral valves and neurogenic bladders have attracted the interest of pediatric urologists to the smooth muscle biology of the bladder. Bladder exstrophy and cloacal anomalies are rare but major anomalies caused by defective urorectal development and have recently been studied from a genetic standpoint. Translational studies for pediatric LUTD may be extended to adult bladder disease, or to application of precision medicine for diseased children.
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79
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Whole-exome sequencing in the molecular diagnosis of individuals with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and identification of a new causative gene. Genet Med 2016; 19:412-420. [PMID: 27657687 PMCID: PMC5362362 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the utility of whole-exome sequencing (WES) to define a molecular diagnosis in patients clinically diagnosed with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Methods WES was performed in 62 families with CAKUT. WES data were analyzed for Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) in 35 known CAKUT genes, putatively deleterious sequence changes in new candidate genes, and potentially disease-associated copy-number variants (CNVs). Results In approximately 5% of families, pathogenic SNVs were identified in PAX2, HNF1B, and EYA1. Observed phenotypes in these families expand the current understanding about the role of these genes in CAKUT. Four pathogenic CNVs were also identified using two CNV detection tools. In addition, we found one deleterious de novo SNV in FOXP1 among the 62 families with CAKUT. Database of clinical BMGL laboratory was queried and seven additional unrelated individuals with novel de novo SNVs in FOXP1 were identified. Six of these 8 individuals with FOXP1 SNVs, have syndromic urinary tract defects, implicating this gene in urinary tract development. Conclusion We conclude that WES can be used to identify the molecular etiology (SNVs, CNVs) in a subset of individuals with CAKUT. WES can also help identify novel CAKUT genes.
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80
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Wymer KM, Anderson BB, Wilkens AA, Gundeti MS. Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: Case series and updated review of the literature with an emphasis on urologic management. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:1565-73. [PMID: 27421821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis (MMIHS) is a rare disorder characterized by distended nonobstructed bladder, microcolon, and decreased intestinal peristalsis. MMIHS has a particularly poor prognosis; however, when appropriately managed, survival can be prolonged. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review (1996-2016) was performed with the key words "megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome." In addition, a case series of four patients is presented as well as algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of MMIHS. RESULTS 135 patients with MMIHS were identified in the literature. 73% (88/121) of the patients were female, 65% underwent diagnostic biopsy (64/99), and 63% (66/106) were identified with prenatal imaging. The majority of patients were treated with TPN as well as gastrostomy or ileostomy and CIC, however 15% (18/116) received multivisceral or intestinal transplant, and 30% (22/73) had a vesicostomy. The survival rate was 57% (68/121). CONCLUSION Appropriate management of MMIHS patients is crucial. An enlarged, acontractile bladder in a child with bowel motility problems should be considered diagnostic. Bladder distension can be managed with CIC or vesicostomy in addition to prophylactic antibiotics if frequent urinary tract infections are present. These patients often require gastrostomy or ileostomy as well as total parenteral nutrition. This management has led to significant improvement in survival rates.
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81
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Lu H, Fagnant PM, Krementsova EB, Trybus KM. Severe Molecular Defects Exhibited by the R179H Mutation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle α-Actin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21729-21739. [PMID: 27551047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in vascular smooth muscle α-actin (SM α-actin), encoded by ACTA2, are the most common cause of familial thoracic aortic aneurysms that lead to dissection (TAAD). The R179H mutation has a poor patient prognosis and is unique in causing multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction (Milewicz, D. M., Østergaard, J. R., Ala-Kokko, L. M., Khan, N., Grange, D. K., Mendoza-Londono, R., Bradley, T. J., Olney, A. H., Ades, L., Maher, J. F., Guo, D., Buja, L. M., Kim, D., Hyland, J. C., and Regalado, E. S. (2010) Am. J. Med. Genet. A 152A, 2437-2443). Here, we characterize this mutation in expressed human SM α-actin. R179H actin shows severe polymerization defects, with a 40-fold higher critical concentration for assembly than WT SM α-actin, driven by a high disassembly rate. The mutant filaments are more readily severed by cofilin. Both defects are attenuated by copolymerization with WT. The R179H monomer binds more tightly to profilin, and formin binding suppresses nucleation and slows polymerization rates. Linear filaments will thus not be readily formed, and cells expressing R179H actin will likely have increased levels of monomeric G-actin. The cotranscription factor myocardin-related transcription factor-A, which affects cellular phenotype, binds R179H actin with less cooperativity than WT actin. Smooth muscle myosin moves R179H filaments more slowly than WT, even when copolymerized with equimolar amounts of WT. The marked decrease in the ability to form filaments may contribute to the poor patient prognosis and explain why R179H disrupts even visceral smooth muscle cell function where the SM α-actin isoform is present in low amounts. The R179H mutation has the potential to affect actin structure and function in both the contractile domain of the cell and the more dynamic cytoskeletal pool of actin, both of which are required for contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Patricia M Fagnant
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Elena B Krementsova
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05446
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Moreno CA, Metze K, Lomazi EA, Bertola DR, Barbosa RHA, Cosentino V, Sobreira N, Cavalcanti DP. Visceral myopathy: Clinical and molecular survey of a cohort of seven new patients and state of the art of overlapping phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2965-2974. [PMID: 27481187 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visceral motility dysfunction is a key feature of genetic disorders such as megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS, MIM moved from 249210 to 155310), chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO, MIM609629), and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome (MSMDS, MIM613834). The genetic bases of these conditions recently begun to be clarified with the identification of pathogenic variants in ACTG2, ACTA2, and MYH11 in individuals with visceral motility dysfunction. The MMIHS was associated with the heterozygous variant in ACTG2 and homozygous variant in MYH11, while the heterozygous variant in ACTA2 was observed in patients with MSMDS. In this study, we describe the clinical data as well as the molecular investigation of seven individuals with visceral myopathy phenotypes. Five patients presented with MMIHS, including two siblings from consanguineous parents, one had CIPO, and the other had MSMDS. In three individuals with MMIHS and in one with CIPO we identified heterozygous variant in ACTG2, one being a novel variant (c.584C>T-p.Thr195Ile). In the individual with MSMDS we identified a heterozygous variant in ACTA2. We performed the whole-exome sequencing in one sibling with MMIHS and her parents; however, the pathogenic variant responsible for her phenotype could not be identified. These results reinforce the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the visceral myopathies. Although many cases of MMIHS are associated with ACTG2 variants, we suggest that other genes, besides MYH11, could cause the MMIHS with autosomal recessive pattern. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Araujo Moreno
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Departmentof Medical Genetics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Konradin Metze
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elizete Aparecida Lomazi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Genetic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Children's Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviana Cosentino
- CEMIC (Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nara Sobreira
- Department of Pediatrics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Denise Pontes Cavalcanti
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Departmentof Medical Genetics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Brosens E, Burns AJ, Brooks AS, Matera I, Borrego S, Ceccherini I, Tam PK, García-Barceló MM, Thapar N, Benninga MA, Hofstra RMW, Alves MM. Genetics of enteric neuropathies. Dev Biol 2016; 417:198-208. [PMID: 27426273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal development or disturbed functioning of the enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, is associated with the development of neuropathic gastrointestinal motility disorders. Here, we review the underlying molecular basis of these disorders and hypothesize that many of them have a common defective biological mechanism. Genetic burden and environmental components affecting this common mechanism are ultimately responsible for disease severity and symptom heterogeneity. We believe that they act together as the fulcrum in a seesaw balanced with harmful and protective factors, and are responsible for a continuum of symptoms ranging from neuronal hyperplasia to absence of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alan J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Matera
- UOC Medical Genetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Paul K Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria-Mercè García-Barceló
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Reproduction, Development, and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Li X, Cao S, Mao B, Bai Y, Chen X, Wang X, Wu Y, Li L, Lin H, Lian Q, Huang P, Ge RS. Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on the steroidogenesis of rat immature Leydig cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:511-519. [PMID: 27388148 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1202367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Li
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyan Cao
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfang Bai
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiudi Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Lin
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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85
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Posey JE, Rosenfeld JA, James RA, Bainbridge M, Niu Z, Wang X, Dhar S, Wiszniewski W, Akdemir ZH, Gambin T, Xia F, Person RE, Walkiewicz M, Shaw CA, Sutton VR, Beaudet AL, Muzny D, Eng CM, Yang Y, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR, Boerwinkle E, Plon SE. Molecular diagnostic experience of whole-exome sequencing in adult patients. Genet Med 2016; 18:678-85. [PMID: 26633545 PMCID: PMC4892996 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is increasingly used as a diagnostic tool in medicine, but prior reports focus on predominantly pediatric cohorts with neurologic or developmental disorders. We describe the diagnostic yield and characteristics of WES in adults. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive WES reports for adults from a diagnostic laboratory. Phenotype composition was determined using Human Phenotype Ontology terms. RESULTS Molecular diagnoses were reported for 17.5% (85/486) of adults, which is lower than that for a primarily pediatric population (25.2%; P = 0.0003); the diagnostic rate was higher (23.9%) for those 18-30 years of age compared to patients older than 30 years (10.4%; P = 0.0001). Dual Mendelian diagnoses contributed to 7% of diagnoses, revealing blended phenotypes. Diagnoses were more frequent among individuals with abnormalities of the nervous system, skeletal system, head/neck, and growth. Diagnostic rate was independent of family history information, and de novo mutations contributed to 61.4% of autosomal dominant diagnoses. CONCLUSION Early WES experience in adults demonstrates molecular diagnoses in a substantial proportion of patients, informing clinical management, recurrence risk, and recommendations for relatives. A positive family history was not predictive, consistent with molecular diagnoses often revealed by de novo events, informing the Mendelian basis of genetic disease in adults.Genet Med 18 7, 678-685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Regis A. James
- Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew Bainbridge
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shweta Dhar
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wojciech Wiszniewski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zeynep H.C. Akdemir
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Richard E. Person
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Magdalena Walkiewicz
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chad A. Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Arthur L. Beaudet
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Donna Muzny
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christine M. Eng
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sharon E. Plon
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
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86
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Chen Y, Yang S, Hu J, Yu C, He M, Cai Z. Increased Expression of SETD7 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Regulating Cell Cycle and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154939. [PMID: 27183310 PMCID: PMC4868314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of SET domain containing 7 (SETD7) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and determine whether SETD7 can be used as a predictor of overall survival in HCC patients. Methods mRNAs and proteins of SETD7 and related genes in HCC tumor samples and paired adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues (ANLTs) (n = 20) or culture cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis with SETD7 knockdown SMMC-7721 cells or SETD7 overexpressed HepG2 cells were analyzed by CCK8 assay or flow cytometry. Gene expression alterations in SETD7 knockdown of SMMC-7721 cells were determined by digital gene expression (DGE) profiling. Defined data on patients (n = 225) with HCC were retrieved for the further study. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were performed using paraffin tissues with tumor and ANLTs. SETD7 and related proteins were determined by TMAs immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were conducted to associate SETD7 expression with tumor features and patient outcomes, as well as related proteins expression. Results SETD7 expression was significantly higher in HCC tumor tissues than in ANLTs. SETD7 overexpression in vitro can promote HepG2 cell proliferation, whereas SETD7 knockdown can inhibit SMMC-7721 cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle. SETD7 expression was significantly correlated with five genes expression. Increased SETD7 is associated with metastasis, recurrence, large tumor size, and poor tumor differentiation, and indicates poor prognosis in HCC patients. Conclusions SETD7 plays a critical role in HCC, and its immunohistochemistry signature provides potential clinical significance for personalized prediction of HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiewei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (MH)
| | - Zailong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (MH)
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87
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Burns AJ, Goldstein AM, Newgreen DF, Stamp L, Schäfer KH, Metzger M, Hotta R, Young HM, Andrews PW, Thapar N, Belkind-Gerson J, Bondurand N, Bornstein JC, Chan WY, Cheah K, Gershon MD, Heuckeroth RO, Hofstra RMW, Just L, Kapur RP, King SK, McCann CJ, Nagy N, Ngan E, Obermayr F, Pachnis V, Pasricha PJ, Sham MH, Tam P, Vanden Berghe P. White paper on guidelines concerning enteric nervous system stem cell therapy for enteric neuropathies. Dev Biol 2016; 417:229-51. [PMID: 27059883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, there has been increasing focus on the development of novel stem cell based therapies for the treatment of disorders and diseases affecting the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract (so-called enteric neuropathies). Here, the idea is that ENS progenitor/stem cells could be transplanted into the gut wall to replace the damaged or absent neurons and glia of the ENS. This White Paper sets out experts' views on the commonly used methods and approaches to identify, isolate, purify, expand and optimize ENS stem cells, transplant them into the bowel, and assess transplant success, including restoration of gut function. We also highlight obstacles that must be overcome in order to progress from successful preclinical studies in animal models to ENS stem cell therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lincon Stamp
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserlautern, Germany; Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer-Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB Translational Centre - Würzburg branch and University Hospital Würzburg - Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather M Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jaime Belkind-Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Nadege Bondurand
- INSERM U955, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, F-94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, UPEC, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kathryn Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Just
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sebastian K King
- Department of Paediatric and Neonatal Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Conor J McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elly Ngan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Florian Obermayr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Mai Har Sham
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Tam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Belgium
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88
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Gurdziel K, Vogt KR, Walton KD, Schneider GK, Gumucio DL. Transcriptome of the inner circular smooth muscle of the developing mouse intestine: Evidence for regulation of visceral smooth muscle genes by the hedgehog target gene, cJun. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:614-26. [PMID: 26930384 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestion is facilitated by coordinated contractions of the intestinal muscularis externa, a bilayered smooth muscle structure that is composed of inner circular muscles (ICM) and outer longitudinal muscles (OLM). We performed transcriptome analysis of intestinal mesenchyme tissue at E14.5, when the ICM, but not the OLM, is present, to investigate the transcriptional program of the ICM. RESULTS We identified 3967 genes enriched in E14.5 intestinal mesenchyme. The gene expression profiles were clustered and annotated to known muscle genes, identifying a muscle-enriched subcluster. Using publically available in situ data, 127 genes were verified as expressed in ICM. Examination of the promoter and regulatory regions for these co-expressed genes revealed enrichment for cJUN transcription factor binding sites, and cJUN protein was enriched in ICM. cJUN ChIP-seq, performed at E14.5, revealed that cJUN regulatory regions contain characteristics of muscle enhancers. Finally, we show that cJun is a target of Hedgehog (Hh), a signaling pathway known to be important in smooth muscle development, and identify a cJun genomic enhancer that is responsive to Hh. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the first transcriptional catalog for the developing ICM and suggests that cJun regulates gene expression in the ICM downstream of Hh signaling. Developmental Dynamics 245:614-626, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gurdziel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Kyle R Vogt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Katherine D Walton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Gary K Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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Abrams J, Einhorn Z, Seiler C, Zong AB, Sweeney HL, Pack M. Graded effects of unregulated smooth muscle myosin on intestinal architecture, intestinal motility and vascular function in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:529-40. [PMID: 26893369 PMCID: PMC4892660 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by the regulated activity of the myosin heavy chain ATPase (Myh11). Myh11 mutations have diverse effects in the cardiovascular, digestive and genitourinary systems in humans and animal models. We previously reported a recessive missense mutation, meltdown (mlt), which converts a highly conserved tryptophan to arginine (W512R) in the rigid relay loop of zebrafish Myh11. The mlt mutation disrupts myosin regulation and non-autonomously induces invasive expansion of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we report two newly identified missense mutations in the switch-1 (S237Y) and coil-coiled (L1287M) domains of Myh11 that fail to complement mlt Cell invasion was not detected in either homozygous mutant but could be induced by oxidative stress and activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. The smooth muscle defect imparted by the mlt and S237Y mutations also delayed intestinal transit, and altered vascular function, as measured by blood flow in the dorsal aorta. The cell-invasion phenotype induced by the three myh11 mutants correlated with the degree of myosin deregulation. These findings suggest that the vertebrate intestinal epithelium is tuned to the physical state of the surrounding stroma, which, in turn, governs its response to physiologic and pathologic stimuli. Genetic variants that alter the regulation of smooth muscle myosin might be risk factors for diseases affecting the intestine, vasculature, and other tissues that contain smooth muscle or contractile cells that express smooth muscle proteins, particularly in the setting of redox stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Abrams
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zev Einhorn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christoph Seiler
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alan B Zong
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Pack
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Variants of the ACTG2 gene correlate with degree of severity and presence of megacystis in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1211-5. [PMID: 26813947 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) syndromes are heterogeneous gastrointestinal disorders, caused by either neuropathy or myopathy, resulting in compromised peristalsis and intestinal obstruction. CIPO can have a profound impact on quality of life, leading the most severely affected individuals to life-long parenteral nutrition and urinary catheterization. To search for disease causing gene(s), we performed the whole exome sequencing (WES) in both eight sporadic and two familial cases, followed by targeted sequencing in additional CIPO patients. After identifying a heterozygous missense variant in the ACTG2 gene in one of 10 patients undergone WES, targeted Sanger sequencing of this gene allowed to detect heterozygous missense variants in 9 of 23 further patients with either megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome or intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Variants thus identified, one of which still unreported, affect highly conserved regions of the ACTG2 gene that encodes a protein crucial for correct enteric muscle contraction. These findings provided evidence for a correlation between the clinical phenotype and genotype at the ACTG2 locus, a first step to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of these severe conditions.
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91
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Abstract
Actin is the central building block of the actin cytoskeleton, a highly regulated filamentous network enabling dynamic processes of cells and simultaneously providing structure. Mammals have six actin isoforms that are very conserved and thus share common functions. Tissue-specific expression in part underlies their differential roles, but actin isoforms also coexist in various cell types and tissues, suggesting specific functions and preferential interaction partners. Gene deletion models, antibody-based staining patterns, gene silencing effects, and the occurrence of isoform-specific mutations in certain diseases have provided clues for specificity on the subcellular level and its consequences on the organism level. Yet, the differential actin isoform functions are still far from understood in detail. Biochemical studies on the different isoforms in pure form are just emerging, and investigations in cells have to deal with a complex and regulated system, including compensatory actin isoform expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marleen Van Troys
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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92
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De Sousa J, Upadhyay V, Stone P. Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome: Case Reports and Discussion of the Literature. Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 39:152-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000442050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare intestinal dysmotility condition that also involves a dilated urinary bladder. It was believed to be an autosomal recessive condition, but genetic studies have suggested possibly an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Prenatal diagnosis can be challenging, but MRI and amniotic fluid/digestive fluid studies may be complementary investigations to improve diagnostic accuracy. Prognosis of MMIHS is generally poor and treatment is mostly supportive. To date, bowel transplantation remains the only viable treatment to restore bowel motility. Here we present two additional cases to contribute towards the scant literature on this condition.
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93
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Halim D, Hofstra RMW, Signorile L, Verdijk RM, van der Werf CS, Sribudiani Y, Brouwer RWW, van IJcken WFJ, Dahl N, Verheij JBGM, Baumann C, Kerner J, van Bever Y, Galjart N, Wijnen RMH, Tibboel D, Burns AJ, Muller F, Brooks AS, Alves MM. ACTG2 variants impair actin polymerization in sporadic Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:571-83. [PMID: 26647307 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare congenital disorder, in which heterozygous missense variants in the Enteric Smooth Muscle actin γ-2 (ACTG2) gene have been recently identified. To investigate the mechanism by which ACTG2 variants lead to MMIHS, we screened a cohort of eleven MMIHS patients, eight sporadic and three familial cases, and performed immunohistochemistry, molecular modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and in vitro assays. In all sporadic cases, a heterozygous missense variant in ACTG2 was identified. ACTG2 expression was detected in all intestinal layers where smooth muscle cells are present in different stages of human development. No histopathological abnormalities were found in the patients. Using molecular modeling and MD simulations, we predicted that ACTG2 variants lead to significant changes to the protein function. This was confirmed by in vitro studies, which showed that the identified variants not only impair ACTG2 polymerization, but also contribute to reduced cell contractility. Taken together, our results confirm the involvement of ACTG2 in sporadic MMIHS, and bring new insights to MMIHS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics and Genomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joke B G M Verheij
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - John Kerner
- Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA and
| | | | | | - Rene M H Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Françoise Muller
- Biochimie Prenatalé, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
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Georgescu MM, Pinho MDC, Richardson TE, Torrealba J, Buja LM, Milewicz DM, Raisanen JM, Burns DK. The defining pathology of the new clinical and histopathologic entity ACTA2-related cerebrovascular disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:81. [PMID: 26637293 PMCID: PMC4670506 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smooth muscle cell contraction is an essential function of arteries and relies on the integrity of the actin-myosin apparatus. The tissue-specific α2-smooth muscle actin, encoded by ACTA2, is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. ACTA2 mutations predispose to development of aortic aneurysms and early onset coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Based on arteriographic findings, a distinct cerebrovascular disease has been proposed for ACTA2 heterozygous patients carrying the R179H mutation. RESULTS We present the first integrated analysis of a severely compromised patient with the R179H mutation and define the arterial pathology of ACTA2-related cerebrovascular disease. Histologically, striking morphological abnormalities were present in cerebral arteries of all sizes. Massive intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation, fragmentation of the elastic laminae and medial fibromuscular proliferation characterized large arteries whereas prominent vessel wall thickening, fibrosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation were unique changes in small arteries. The medial fibrosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation explain the characteristic radiologic appearance of "straight arteries" and suggest impaired function of mutant smooth muscle cells. Actin three-dimensional molecular modeling revealed critical positioning of R179 at the interface between the two strands of filamentous actin and destabilization of inter-strand bundling by the R179H mutation, explaining the severe associated phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these characteristic clinical and pathologic findings confirm ACTA2-related cerebrovascular disease as a new cerebrovascular disorder for which new therapeutic strategies need to be designed.
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95
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Roberts NA, Hilton EN, Woolf AS. From gene discovery to new biological mechanisms: heparanases and congenital urinary bladder disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:534-40. [PMID: 26315301 PMCID: PMC4805131 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a scientific investigation into the pathogenesis of a urinary bladder disease. The disease in question is called urofacial syndrome (UFS), a congenital condition inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. UFS features incomplete urinary bladder emptying and vesicoureteric reflux, with a high risk of recurrent urosepsis and end-stage renal disease. The story starts from a human genomic perspective, then proceeds through experiments that seek to determine the roles of the implicated molecules in embryonic frogs and newborn mice. A future aim would be to use such biological knowledge to intelligently choose novel therapies for UFS. We focus on heparanase proteins and the peripheral nervous system, molecules and tissues that appear to be key players in the pathogenesis of UFS and therefore must also be critical for functional differentiation of healthy bladders. These considerations allow the envisioning of novel biological treatments, although the potential difficulties of targeting the developing bladder in vivo should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Roberts
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma N Hilton
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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96
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UBXN2A regulates nicotinic receptor degradation by modulating the E3 ligase activity of CHIP. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:518-530. [PMID: 26265139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the α3 subunit are known for their prominent role in normal ganglionic transmission while their involvement in the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and smoking-related disease has been emerging only in recent years. The amount of information available on the maturation and trafficking of α3-containing nAChRs is limited. We previously showed that UBXN2A is a p97 adaptor protein that facilitates the maturation and trafficking of α3-containing nAChRs. Further investigation of the mechanisms of UBXN2A actions revealed that the protein interacts with CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein), whose ubiquitin E3 ligase activity regulates the degradation of several disease-related proteins. We show that CHIP displays E3 ligase activity toward the α3 nAChR subunit and contributes to its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. UBXN2A interferes with CHIP-mediated ubiquitination of α3 and protects the nicotinic receptor subunit from endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). UBXN2A also cross-talks with VCP/p97 and HSC70/HSP70 proteins in a complex where α3 is likely to be targeted by CHIP. Overall,we identify CHIP as an E3 ligase for α3 and UBXN2A as a protein that may efficiently regulate the stability of CHIP's client substrates.
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97
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Chong J, Buckingham K, Jhangiani S, Boehm C, Sobreira N, Smith J, Harrell T, McMillin M, Wiszniewski W, Gambin T, Coban Akdemir Z, Doheny K, Scott A, Avramopoulos D, Chakravarti A, Hoover-Fong J, Mathews D, Witmer P, Ling H, Hetrick K, Watkins L, Patterson K, Reinier F, Blue E, Muzny D, Kircher M, Bilguvar K, López-Giráldez F, Sutton V, Tabor H, Leal S, Gunel M, Mane S, Gibbs R, Boerwinkle E, Hamosh A, Shendure J, Lupski J, Lifton R, Valle D, Nickerson D, Bamshad M, Bamshad MJ. The Genetic Basis of Mendelian Phenotypes: Discoveries, Challenges, and Opportunities. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:199-215. [PMID: 26166479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering the genetic basis of a Mendelian phenotype establishes a causal link between genotype and phenotype, making possible carrier and population screening and direct diagnosis. Such discoveries also contribute to our knowledge of gene function, gene regulation, development, and biological mechanisms that can be used for developing new therapeutics. As of February 2015, 2,937 genes underlying 4,163 Mendelian phenotypes have been discovered, but the genes underlying ∼50% (i.e., 3,152) of all known Mendelian phenotypes are still unknown, and many more Mendelian conditions have yet to be recognized. This is a formidable gap in biomedical knowledge. Accordingly, in December 2011, the NIH established the Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMGs) to provide the collaborative framework and infrastructure necessary for undertaking large-scale whole-exome sequencing and discovery of the genetic variants responsible for Mendelian phenotypes. In partnership with 529 investigators from 261 institutions in 36 countries, the CMGs assessed 18,863 samples from 8,838 families representing 579 known and 470 novel Mendelian phenotypes as of January 2015. This collaborative effort has identified 956 genes, including 375 not previously associated with human health, that underlie a Mendelian phenotype. These results provide insight into study design and analytical strategies, identify novel mechanisms of disease, and reveal the extensive clinical variability of Mendelian phenotypes. Discovering the gene underlying every Mendelian phenotype will require tackling challenges such as worldwide ascertainment and phenotypic characterization of families affected by Mendelian conditions, improvement in sequencing and analytical techniques, and pervasive sharing of phenotypic and genomic data among researchers, clinicians, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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98
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Tuzovic L, Tang S, Miller RS, Rohena L, Shahmirzadi L, Gonzalez K, Li X, LeDuc CA, Guo J, Wilson A, Mills A, Glassberg K, Rotterdam H, Sepulveda AR, Zeng W, Chung WK, Anyane-Yeboa K. New Insights into the Genetics of Fetal Megacystis: ACTG2 Mutations, Encoding γ-2 Smooth Muscle Actin in Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome (Berdon Syndrome). Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 38:296-306. [PMID: 25998219 DOI: 10.1159/000381638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the molecular basis for prenatally suspected cases of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) (MIM 249210) in 3 independent families with clinical and radiographic evidence of MMIHS. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing of the ACTG2 gene. RESULTS We identified a novel heterozygous de novo missense variant in ACTG2 c.770G>A (p.Arg257His) encoding x03B3;-2 smooth muscle actin (ACTG2) in 2 siblings with MMIHS, suggesting gonadal mosaicism of one of the parents. Two additional de novo missense variants (p.Arg257Cys and p.Arg178His) in ACTG2 were identified in 2 additional MMHIS patients. All of our patients had evidence of fetal megacystis and a normal or slightly increased amniotic fluid volume. Additional findings included bilateral renal hydronephrosis, an enlarged fetal stomach, and transient dilated bowel loops. ACTG2 immunostaining of the intestinal tissue showed an altered muscularis propria, a markedly thinned longitudinal muscle layer, and a reduced amount and abnormal distribution of ACTG2. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that de novo mutations in ACTG2 are a cause of fetal megacystis in MMIHS and that gonadal mosaicism may be present in a subset of cases. These findings have implications for the counseling of families with a diagnosis of fetal megacystis with a preserved amniotic fluid volume and associated gastrointestinal findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Tuzovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
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99
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Phenotypic expansion of visceral myopathy associated with ACTG2 tandem base substitution. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1679-83. [PMID: 25782675 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial visceral myopathy (FVM) is a rare heritable and heterogeneous condition due to impaired smooth muscle function. We identified a family segregating 11 individuals with a spectrum of visceral symptoms involving the small intestine, colon, biliary tract, urinary tract and uterus. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous tandem base substitution c.806_807delinsAA (p.(Gly269Glu)) in ACTG2, encoding smooth muscle actin γ-2, in affected family members. Variants in ACTG2 were recently identified in FVM with intestinal pseudo-obstruction as well as with the congenital megacystics-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. In our family, eight affected members presented with severe complications from the biliary and/or the urinary tracts in addition to gastrointestinal pseudo-obstructions. Furthermore, all affected mothers had a history of assisted deliveries owing to poor progress during labor and weak uterine contractions. The variable involvement of multiple smooth muscle-dependent organs in our family, including the biliary tract and the uterus, add to the phenotypic spectrum associated with ACTG2 missense variants.
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100
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A homozygous loss-of-function variant in MYH11 in a case with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1266-8. [PMID: 25407000 PMCID: PMC4538215 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is characterized by marked dilatation of the bladder and microcolon and decreased intestinal peristalsis. Recent studies indicate that heterozygous variants in ACTG2, which codes for a smooth muscle actin, cause MMIHS. However, such variants do not explain MMIHS cases that show an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We performed exome sequencing in a newborn with MMIHS and prune belly phenotype whose parents are consanguineous and identified a homozygous variant (c.3598A>T: p.Lys1200Ter) in MYH11, which codes for the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Previous studies showed that loss of Myh11 function in mice causes a bladder and intestinal phenotype that is highly reminiscent of MMIHS. All together, these observations strongly suggest that loss-of-function variants in MYH11 cause MMIHS. The documentation of variants in ACTG2 and MYH11 thus points to the involvement of the contractile apparatus of the smooth muscle in MMIHS. Interestingly, dominant-negative variants in MYH11 have previously been shown to cause thoracic aortic aneurism and dilatation. Different mechanisms of MYH11 disruption may thus lead to distinct patterns of smooth muscle dysfunction.
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