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Yazer J, Giacomantonio M, MacDonald N, Lopushinsky S. Severe necrotizing pneumonia in a child with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. CMAJ 2011; 183:215-9. [PMID: 21135076 PMCID: PMC3033926 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Yazer
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Yazer), Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, and the Departments of Pediatric Surgery (Giacomantonio, Lopushinsky), and Pediatric Infectious Diseases (MacDonald), IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Michael Giacomantonio
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Yazer), Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, and the Departments of Pediatric Surgery (Giacomantonio, Lopushinsky), and Pediatric Infectious Diseases (MacDonald), IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Noni MacDonald
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Yazer), Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, and the Departments of Pediatric Surgery (Giacomantonio, Lopushinsky), and Pediatric Infectious Diseases (MacDonald), IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Steven Lopushinsky
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Yazer), Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, and the Departments of Pediatric Surgery (Giacomantonio, Lopushinsky), and Pediatric Infectious Diseases (MacDonald), IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
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Khatri M, Dwivedi V, Krakowka S, Manickam C, Ali A, Wang L, Qin Z, Renukaradhya GJ, Lee CW. Swine influenza H1N1 virus induces acute inflammatory immune responses in pig lungs: a potential animal model for human H1N1 influenza virus. J Virol 2010; 84:11210-8. [PMID: 20719941 PMCID: PMC2953174 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01211-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are capable of generating reassortant influenza viruses of pandemic potential, as both the avian and mammalian influenza viruses can infect pig epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. The source of the current influenza pandemic is H1N1 influenza A virus, possibly of swine origin. This study was conducted to understand better the pathogenesis of H1N1 influenza virus and associated host mucosal immune responses during acute infection in humans. Therefore, we chose a H1N1 swine influenza virus, Sw/OH/24366/07 (SwIV), which has a history of transmission to humans. Clinically, inoculated pigs had nasal discharge and fever and shed virus through nasal secretions. Like pandemic H1N1, SwIV also replicated extensively in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and lung lesions were typical of H1N1 infection. We detected innate, proinflammatory, Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokines, as well as SwIV-specific IgA antibody in lungs of the virus-inoculated pigs. Production of IFN-γ by lymphocytes of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes was also detected. Higher frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, γδ T cells, dendritic cells, activated T cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected in SwIV-infected pig lungs. Concomitantly, higher frequencies of the immunosuppressive T regulatory cells were also detected in the virus-infected pig lungs. The findings of this study have relevance to pathogenesis of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in humans; thus, pigs may serve as a useful animal model to design and test effective mucosal vaccines and therapeutics against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Khatri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Steven Krakowka
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Leyi Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zhuoming Qin
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691. Phone for G. J. Renukaradhya: (330) 263-3748. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail: . Phone for C.-W. Lee: (330) 263-3750. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail:
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio 44691, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China 250023, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691. Phone for G. J. Renukaradhya: (330) 263-3748. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail: . Phone for C.-W. Lee: (330) 263-3750. Fax: (330) 263-3677. E-mail:
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Bermejo-Martin JF, Martin-Loeches I, Rello J, Antón A, Almansa R, Xu L, Lopez-Campos G, Pumarola T, Ran L, Ramirez P, Banner D, Ng DC, Socias L, Loza A, Andaluz D, Maravi E, Gómez-Sánchez MJ, Gordón M, Gallegos MC, Fernandez V, Aldunate S, León C, Merino P, Blanco J, Martin-Sanchez F, Rico L, Varillas D, Iglesias V, Marcos MÁ, Gandía F, Bobillo F, Nogueira B, Rojo S, Resino S, Castro C, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Kelvin D. Host adaptive immunity deficiency in severe pandemic influenza. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:R167. [PMID: 20840779 PMCID: PMC3219262 DOI: 10.1186/cc9259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza causes severe lower respiratory complications in rare cases. The association between host immune responses and clinical outcome in severe cases is unknown. Methods We utilized gene expression, cytokine profiles and generation of antibody responses following hospitalization in 19 critically ill patients with primary pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza pneumonia for identifying host immune responses associated with clinical outcome. Ingenuity pathway analysis 8.5 (IPA) (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA) was used to select, annotate and visualize genes by function and pathway (gene ontology). IPA analysis identified those canonical pathways differentially expressed (P < 0.05) between comparison groups. Hierarchical clustering of those genes differentially expressed between groups by IPA analysis was performed using BRB-Array Tools v.3.8.1. Results The majority of patients were characterized by the presence of comorbidities and the absence of immunosuppressive conditions. pH1N1 specific antibody production was observed around day 9 from disease onset and defined an early period of innate immune response and a late period of adaptive immune response to the virus. The most severe patients (n = 12) showed persistence of viral secretion. Seven of the most severe patients died. During the late phase, the most severe patient group had impaired expression of a number of genes participating in adaptive immune responses when compared to less severe patients. These genes were involved in antigen presentation, B-cell development, T-helper cell differentiation, CD28, granzyme B signaling, apoptosis and protein ubiquitination. Patients with the poorest outcomes were characterized by proinflammatory hypercytokinemia, along with elevated levels of immunosuppressory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1ra) in serum. Conclusions Our findings suggest an impaired development of adaptive immunity in the most severe cases of pandemic influenza, leading to an unremitting cycle of viral replication and innate cytokine-chemokine release. Interruption of this deleterious cycle may improve disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus F Bermejo-Martin
- Infection & Immunity Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario-IECSCYL, Avda, Ramón y Cajal 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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