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Cattò C, Cappitelli F. Testing Anti-Biofilm Polymeric Surfaces: Where to Start? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3794. [PMID: 31382580 PMCID: PMC6696330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Present day awareness of biofilm colonization on polymeric surfaces has prompted the scientific community to develop an ever-increasing number of new materials with anti-biofilm features. However, compared to the large amount of work put into discovering potent biofilm inhibitors, only a small number of papers deal with their validation, a critical step in the translation of research into practical applications. This is due to the lack of standardized testing methods and/or of well-controlled in vivo studies that show biofilm prevention on polymeric surfaces; furthermore, there has been little correlation with the reduced incidence of material deterioration. Here an overview of the most common methods for studying biofilms and for testing the anti-biofilm properties of new surfaces is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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52
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Optimizing locked nucleic acid/2'-O-methyl-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (LNA/2'OMe-FISH) procedure for bacterial detection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217689. [PMID: 31150460 PMCID: PMC6544301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful application of LNA/2'OMe-FISH procedures for bacteria detection, there is a lack of knowledge on the properties that affect hybridization. Such information is crucial for the rational design of protocols. Hence, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of three essential factors on the LNA/2'OMe hybridization step-hybridization temperature, NaCl concentration and type and concentration of denaturant (formamide, ethylene carbonate and urea). This optimization was performed for 3 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundii) and 2 Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis), employing the response surface methodology and a Eubacteria probe. In general, it was observed that a high NaCl concentration is beneficial (from 2 M to 5 M), regardless of the denaturant used. Urea, formamide and ethylene carbonate are suitable denaturants for LNA/2'OMe-FISH applications; but urea provides higher fluorescence intensities among the different bacteria, especially for gram-positive bacteria and for P. aeruginosa. However, a unique optimal protocol was not found for all tested bacteria. Despite this, the results indicate that a hybridization solution with 2 M of urea and 4 M of NaCl would be a proper starting point. Furthermore, a hybridization temperature around 62°C, for 14 bp probes with LNA monomers at every third position of 2'OMe and 64% of GC content, should be use in initial optimization of new LNA/2'OMe-FISH protocols.
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53
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Antisense peptide nucleic acids as a potential anti-infective agent. J Microbiol 2019; 57:423-430. [PMID: 31054136 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have long been used for anti-infective control of bacterial infections, growth promotion in husbandry, and prophylactic protection against plant pathogens. However, their inappropriate use results in the emergence and spread of multiple drug resistance (MDR) especially among various bacterial populations, which limits further administration of conventional antibiotics. Therefore, the demand for novel anti-infective approaches against MDR diseases becomes increasing in recent years. The peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based technology has been proposed as one of novel anti-infective and/or therapeutic strategies. By definition, PNA is an artificially synthesized nucleic acid mimic structurally similar to DNA or RNA in nature and linked one another via an unnatural pseudo-peptide backbone, rendering to its stability in diverse host conditions. It can bind DNA or RNA strands complimentarily with high affinity and sequence specificity, which induces the target-specific gene silencing by inhibiting transcription and/or translation. Based on these unique properties, PNA has been widely applied for molecular diagnosis as well as considered as a potential anti-infective agent. In this review, we discuss the general features of PNAs and their application to various bacterial pathogens as new anti-infective or antimicrobial agents.
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54
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Iñiguez-Moreno M, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Avila-Novoa MG. Kinetics of biofilm formation by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms under conditions that mimic the poultry, meat, and egg processing industries. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 303:32-41. [PMID: 31129476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens and spoilage microorganisms can develop multispecies biofilms on food contact surfaces; however, few studies have been focused on evaluated mixed biofilms of these microorganisms. Therefore this study investigated the biofilm development by pathogenic (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica Enteritidis and Typhimurium serotypes) and spoilage (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) microorganisms onto stainless-steel (SS) and polypropylene B (PP) coupons; under conditions that mimic the dairy, meat, and egg processing industry. Biofilms were developed in TSB with 10% chicken egg yolk (TSB + EY), TSB with 10% meat extract (TSB + ME) and whole milk (WM) onto SS and PP. Each tube was inoculated with 25 μL of each bacteria and then incubated at 9 or 25 °C, with enumeration at 1, 48, 120, 180 and 240 h. Biofilms were visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biofilm development occurred at different phases, depending on the incubation conditions. In the reversible adhesion, the cell density of each bacteria was between 1.43 and 6.08 Log10 CFU/cm2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant reductions in bacteria appeared at 9 °C between 1 and 48 h of incubation. Additionally, the constant multiplication of bacteria in the biofilm occurred at 25 °C between 48 and 180 h of incubation, with increments of 2.08 Log10 CFU/cm2 to S. Typhimurium. Population establishment was observed between 48 and 180 h and 180-240 h incubation, depending on the environmental conditions (25 and 9 °C, respectively). For example, in TSB + ME at 25 °C, S. Typhimurium, P aeruginosa, and L. monocytogenes showed no statistical differences in the amounts between 48 and 180 h incubation. The dispersion phase was identified for L. monocytogenes and B. cereus at 25 °C. Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM allowed visualizing the bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances at the different biofilm stages. In conclusion, pathogens and spoilage microorganisms developed monospecies with higher cellular densities than multiespecies biofilms. In multispecies biofilms, the time to reach each biofilm phase varied is depending on environmental factors. Cell count decrements of 1.12-2.44 Log10 CFU/cm2 occurred at 48 and 240 h and were most notable in the biofilms developed at 9 °C. Additionally, cell density reached by each microorganism was different, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella were the dominant microorganisms in the biofilms while B. cereus showed the lower densities until undetectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
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55
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Zhang Y, Hu A, Andini N, Yang S. A 'culture' shift: Application of molecular techniques for diagnosing polymicrobial infections. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:476-490. [PMID: 30797092 PMCID: PMC6447436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement of microbiological discovery, it is evident that many infections, particularly bloodstream infections, are polymicrobial in nature. Consequently, new challenges have emerged in identifying the numerous etiologic organisms in an accurate and timely manner using the current diagnostic standard. Various molecular diagnostic methods have been utilized as an effort to provide a fast and reliable identification in lieu or parallel to the conventional culture-based methods. These technologies are mostly based on nucleic acid, proteins, or physical properties of the pathogens with differing advantages and limitations. This review evaluates the different molecular methods and technologies currently available to diagnose polymicrobial infections, which will help determine the most appropriate option for future diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Anne Hu
- Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nadya Andini
- Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Yang
- Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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56
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Beebout CJ, Eberly AR, Werby SH, Reasoner SA, Brannon JR, De S, Fitzgerald MJ, Huggins MM, Clayton DB, Cegelski L, Hadjifrangiskou M. Respiratory Heterogeneity Shapes Biofilm Formation and Host Colonization in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. mBio 2019; 10:e02400-18. [PMID: 30940709 PMCID: PMC6445943 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02400-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular bacterial communities encased in a self-secreted extracellular matrix comprised of polysaccharides, proteinaceous fibers, and DNA. Organization of these components lends spatial organization to the biofilm community such that biofilm residents can benefit from the production of common goods while being protected from exogenous insults. Spatial organization is driven by the presence of chemical gradients, such as oxygen. Here we show that two quinol oxidases found in Escherichia coli and other bacteria organize along the biofilm oxygen gradient and that this spatially coordinated expression controls architectural integrity. Cytochrome bd, a high-affinity quinol oxidase required for aerobic respiration under hypoxic conditions, is the most abundantly expressed respiratory complex in the biofilm community. Depletion of the cytochrome bd-expressing subpopulation compromises biofilm complexity by reducing the abundance of secreted extracellular matrix as well as increasing cellular sensitivity to exogenous stresses. Interrogation of the distribution of quinol oxidases in the planktonic state revealed that ∼15% of the population expresses cytochrome bd at atmospheric oxygen concentration, and this population dominates during acute urinary tract infection. These data point toward a bet-hedging mechanism in which heterogeneous expression of respiratory complexes ensures respiratory plasticity of E. coli across diverse host niches.IMPORTANCE Biofilms are multicellular bacterial communities encased in a self-secreted extracellular matrix comprised of polysaccharides, proteinaceous fibers, and DNA. Organization of these components lends spatial organization in the biofilm community. Here we demonstrate that oxygen gradients in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) biofilms lead to spatially distinct expression programs for quinol oxidases-components of the terminal electron transport chain. Our studies reveal that the cytochrome bd-expressing subpopulation is critical for biofilm development and matrix production. In addition, we show that quinol oxidases are heterogeneously expressed in planktonic populations and that this respiratory heterogeneity provides a fitness advantage during infection. These studies define the contributions of quinol oxidases to biofilm physiology and suggest the presence of respiratory bet-hedging behavior in UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Beebout
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison R Eberly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sabrina H Werby
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seth A Reasoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John R Brannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shuvro De
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Douglass B Clayton
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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57
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Boas DV, Almeida C, Azevedo N, Sillankorva S, Azeredo J. Techniques to Assess Phage-Biofilm Interaction. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1898:137-146. [PMID: 30570729 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8940-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in nature found on nearly every type of living and inert surface. They basically consist of microorganisms attached to surfaces and surrounded by a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Phages have proven to be successful in controlling biofilms. Here, we describe methods to characterize phage-biofilm interactions, specifically to assess biofilm biomass and to visualize the biofilm structure, discriminating infected cells using targeted molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vilas Boas
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Nuno Azevedo
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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58
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Kwon HY, Kim JY, Liu X, Lee JY, Yam JKH, Dahl Hultqvist L, Xu W, Rybtke M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Heo W, Kim JJ, Kang NY, Joo T, Yang L, Park SJ, Givskov M, Chang YT. Visualizing biofilm by targeting eDNA with long wavelength probe CDr15. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3594-3598. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a small molecule CDr15, which has eDNA selectivity of bacterial biofilm.
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59
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Rocha R, Sousa JM, Cerqueira L, Vieira MJ, Almeida C, Azevedo NF. Development and application of Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for the specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2018; 80:1-8. [PMID: 30704592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens due to the high hospitalization and mortality rates associated to an outbreak. Several new molecular methods that accelerate the identification of L. monocytogenes have been developed, however conventional culture-based methods still remain the gold standard. In this work we developed a novel Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (PNA-FISH) method for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes. The method was based on an already existing PNA probe, LmPNA1253, coupled with a novel blocker probe in a 1:2 ratio. The method was optimized for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food samples through an evaluation of several rich and selective enrichment broths. The best outcome was achieved using One Broth Listeria in a two-step enrichment of 24 h plus 18 h. For validation in food samples, ground beef, ground pork, milk, lettuce and cooked shrimp were artificially contaminated with two ranges of inoculum: a low level (0.2-2 CFU/25 g or mL) and a high level (2-10 CFU/25 g or mL). The PNA-FISH method performed well in all types of food matrices, presenting an overall accuracy of ≈99% and a detection limit of 0.5 CFU/25 g or mL of food sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Rocha
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; BIOMODE, Biomolecular Determination S.A., Edifício GNRATION, Praça Conde Agrolongo no 123, 4700-312, Braga, Portugal.
| | - José M Sousa
- BIOMODE, Biomolecular Determination S.A., Edifício GNRATION, Praça Conde Agrolongo no 123, 4700-312, Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; BIOMODE, Biomolecular Determination S.A., Edifício GNRATION, Praça Conde Agrolongo no 123, 4700-312, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria J Vieira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; BIOMODE, Biomolecular Determination S.A., Edifício GNRATION, Praça Conde Agrolongo no 123, 4700-312, Braga, Portugal; INIAV, IP- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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60
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Enzymatic dispersal of dual-species biofilms carrying Listeria monocytogenes and other associated food industry bacteria. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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61
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Puga CH, Dahdouh E, SanJose C, Orgaz B. Listeria monocytogenes Colonizes Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilms and Induces Matrix Over-Production. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1706. [PMID: 30108564 PMCID: PMC6080071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In food facilities, biofilms or their debris might act as helpers for attracting free floating microorganisms. In this sense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, a dense biofilm producer frequently isolated from food contact surfaces, could be a good candidate for sheltering other microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of L. monocytogenes to colonize pre-established Pseudomonas biofilms. For this, the movement throughout mature Pseudomonas biofilms of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) - tagged strain of L. monocytogenes was tracked for 24 h by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Moreover, in order to check the effect of the incorporation of Listeria on the overall matrix production, attached populations of both microorganisms and total biomass (cells + matrix) of the resulting biofilms were measured over time. Planktonic cells of L. monocytogenes efficiently migrated to preformed P. fluorescens biofilms. Moreover, they moved preferentially toward the bottom layers of these structures, suggesting some kind of tropism. When preformed P. fluorescens biofilms were conditioning the surfaces, the L. monocytogenes attached population was on average, 1-2 Log higher than when this organism grew on bare coupons. Furthermore, the arrival of L. monocytogenes to the already established P. fluorescens biofilms led to a matrix over-production. Indeed, biomass values [optical density (OD595nm)] of the resulting biofilms were double those of the ordinary L. monocytogenes-P. fluorescens mixed biofilms (1.40 vs. 0.6). The fact that L. monocytogenes cells accumulate in the bottom layers of preformed biofilms provides this microorganism an extra protection toward physical-chemical damages. This might partly explain why this microorganism can persist in food industry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H. Puga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elias Dahdouh
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen SanJose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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62
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Magana M, Sereti C, Ioannidis A, Mitchell CA, Ball AR, Magiorkinis E, Chatzipanagiotou S, Hamblin MR, Hadjifrangiskou M, Tegos GP. Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00084-16. [PMID: 29618576 PMCID: PMC6056845 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Sereti
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Thriassio General Hospital, Attiki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Courtney A Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony R Ball
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi, Greece
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - George P Tegos
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
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63
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Quantitative assessment of individual populations within polymicrobial biofilms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9494. [PMID: 29934504 PMCID: PMC6015014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selecting appropriate tools providing reliable quantitative measures of individual populations in biofilms is critical as we now recognize their true polymicrobial and heterogeneous nature. Here, plate count, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and peptide nucleic acid probe-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) were employed to quantitate cystic fibrosis multispecies biofilms. Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Inquilinus limosus and Dolosigranulum pigrum was assessed in dual- and triple-species consortia under oxygen and antibiotic stress. Quantification methods, that were previously optimized and validated in planktonic consortia, were not always in agreement when applied in multispecies biofilms. Discrepancies in culture and molecular outcomes were observed, particularly for triple-species consortia and antibiotic-stressed biofilms. Some differences were observed, such as the higher bacterial counts obtained by q-PCR and/or PNA-FISH (≤4 log10 cells/cm2) compared to culture. But the discrepancies between PNA-FISH and q-PCR data (eg D. pigrum limited assessment by q-PCR) demonstrate the effect of biofilm heterogeneity in method’s reliability. As the heterogeneity in biofilms is a reflection of a myriad of variables, tailoring an accurate picture of communities´ changes is crucial. This work demonstrates that at least two, but preferentially three, quantification techniques are required to obtain reliable measures and take comprehensive analysis of polymicrobial biofilm-associated infections.
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64
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de Grandi AZ, Pinto UM, Destro MT. Dual-species biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli on stainless steel surface. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:61. [PMID: 29651554 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with foodborne diseases. Due its ability to survive under adverse environmental conditions and to form biofilm, this bacterium is a major concern for the food industry, since it can compromise sanitation procedures and increase the risk of post-processing contamination. Little is known about the interaction between L. monocytogenes and Gram-negative bacteria on biofilm formation. Thus, in order to evaluate this interaction, Escherichia coli and L. monocytogenes were tested for their ability to form biofilms together or in monoculture. We also aimed to evaluate the ability of L. monocytogenes 1/2a and its isogenic mutant strain (ΔprfA ΔsigB) to form biofilm in the presence of E. coli. We assessed the importance of the virulence regulators, PrfA and σB, in this process since they are involved in many aspects of L. monocytogenes pathogenicity. Biofilm formation was assessed using stainless steel AISI 304 #4 slides immersed into brain heart infusion broth, reconstituted powder milk and E. coli preconditioned medium at 25 °C. Our results indicated that a higher amount of biofilm was formed by the wild type strain of L. monocytogenes than by its isogenic mutant, indicating that prfA and sigB are important for biofilm development, especially maturation under our experimental conditions. The presence of E. coli or its metabolites in preconditioned medium did not influence biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes. Our results confirm the possibility of concomitant biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes and E. coli, two bacteria of major significance in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zago de Grandi
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 B.14, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 B.14, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 B.14, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Destro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580 B.14, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gomes LC, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Mergulhão FJ. Impact of modified diamond-like carbon coatings on the spatial organization and disinfection of mixed-biofilms composed of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans industrial isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 277:74-82. [PMID: 29689455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on the architecture and biocide reactivity of dual-species biofilms mimicking food processing contaminants. Biofilms were grown using industrial isolates of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans on bare stainless steel (SST) and on two DLC surface coatings (a-C:H:Si:O designated by SICON® and a-C:H:Si designated by SICAN) in order to evaluate their antifouling activities. Quantification and spatial organization in single- and dual-species biofilms were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using a strain specific labelling procedure. Those assays revealed that the E. coli isolate exhibited a higher adhesion to the modified surfaces and a decreased susceptibility to disinfectant in presence of P. agglomerans than alone in axenic culture. While SICON® reduced the short-term growth of E. coli in axenic conditions, both DLC surfaces increased the E. coli colonization in presence of P. agglomerans. However, both modified surfaces triggered a significantly higher log reduction of E. coli cells within mixed-species biofilms, thus the use of SICON® and SICAN surfaces may be a good approach to facilitate the disinfection process in critical areas of food processing plants. This study presents a new illustration of the importance of interspecies interactions in surface-associated community functions, and of the need to evaluate the effectiveness of hygienic strategies with relevant multi-species consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Deschamps
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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66
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Hüwe C, Schmeichel J, Brodkorb F, Dohlen S, Kalbfleisch K, Kreyenschmidt M, Lorenz R, Kreyenschmidt J. Potential of antimicrobial treatment of linear low-density polyethylene with poly((tert-butyl-amino)-methyl-styrene) to reduce biofilm formation in the food industry. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:378-387. [PMID: 29663827 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1453926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial surfaces are one approach to prevent biofilms in the food industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of poly((tert-butyl-amino)-methyl-styrene) (poly(TBAMS)) incorporated into linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) on the formation of mono- and mixed-species biofilms. The biofilm on untreated and treated LLDPE was determined after 48 and 168 h. The comparison of the results indicated that the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to form biofilms was completely suppressed by poly(TBAMS) (Δ168 h 3.2 log10 cfu cm-2) and colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was significantly delayed, but no effect on Pseudomonas fluorescens was observed. The results of dual-species biofilms showed complex interactions between the microorganisms, but comparable effects on the individual bacteria by poly(TBAMS) were identified. Antimicrobial treatment with poly(TBAMS) shows great potential to prevent biofilms on polymeric surfaces. However, a further development of the material is necessary to reduce the colonization of strong biofilm formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Hüwe
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Processing Engineering , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Jennifer Schmeichel
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Processing Engineering , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Florian Brodkorb
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Applied Sciences Münster , Steinfurt , Germany
| | - Sophia Dohlen
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Processing Engineering , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Katrin Kalbfleisch
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Applied Sciences Münster , Steinfurt , Germany
| | - Martin Kreyenschmidt
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Applied Sciences Münster , Steinfurt , Germany
| | - Reinhard Lorenz
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Applied Sciences Münster , Steinfurt , Germany
| | - Judith Kreyenschmidt
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Processing Engineering , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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Parra C, Montero-Silva F, Gentil D, Del Campo V, Henrique Rodrigues da Cunha T, Henríquez R, Häberle P, Garín C, Ramírez C, Fuentes R, Flores M, Seeger M. The Many Faces of Graphene as Protection Barrier. Performance under Microbial Corrosion and Ni Allergy Conditions. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121406. [PMID: 29292763 PMCID: PMC5744341 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a study on the performance of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) graphene coatings grown and transferred on Ni as protection barriers under two scenarios that lead to unwanted metal ion release, microbial corrosion and allergy test conditions. These phenomena have a strong impact in different fields considering nickel (or its alloys) is one of the most widely used metals in industrial and consumer products. Microbial corrosion costs represent fractions of national gross product in different developed countries, whereas Ni allergy is one of the most prevalent allergic conditions in the western world, affecting around 10% of the population. We found that grown graphene coatings act as a protective membrane in biological environments that decreases microbial corrosion of Ni and reduces release of Ni2+ ions (source of Ni allergic contact hypersensitivity) when in contact with sweat. This performance seems not to be connected to the strong orbital hybridization that Ni and graphene interface present, indicating electron transfer might not be playing a main role in the robust response of this nanostructured system. The observed protection from biological environment can be understood in terms of graphene impermeability to transfer Ni2+ ions, which is enhanced for few layers of graphene grown on Ni. We expect our work will provide a new route for application of graphene as a protection coating for metals in biological environments, where current strategies have shown short-term efficiency and have raised health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parra
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Francisco Montero-Silva
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Dana Gentil
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Valeria Del Campo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | | | - Ricardo Henríquez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Patricio Häberle
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Carolina Garín
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 3100000, Chile.
| | - Cristian Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Raúl Fuentes
- Departamento de Industrias, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Marcos Flores
- Laboratorio de Superficies y Nanomateriales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370448, Chile.
| | - Michael Seeger
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.
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Gomes L, Piard JC, Briandet R, Mergulhão F. Pseudomonas grimontii biofilm protects food contact surfaces from Escherichia coli colonization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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69
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Xu Y, Nagy A, Bauchan GR, Xia X, Nou X. Enhanced biofilm formation in dual-species culture of Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:774-783. [PMID: 31294188 PMCID: PMC6604966 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.4.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the natural environments microorganisms coexist in communities as biofilms. Since foodborne pathogens have varying abilities to form biofilms, investigation of bacterial interactions in biofilm formation may enhance our understanding of the persistence of these foodborne pathogens in the environment. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between Listeria monocytogenes and Ralstonia insidiosa in dual species biofilms. Biofilm development after 24 h was measured using crystal violet in 96-well microtiter plate. Scanning electron microscopy and cell enumeration were employed after growth on stainless steel coupons. When compared with their single species counterparts, the dual species biofilms exhibited a significant increase in biofilm biomass. The number of L. monocytogenes in co-culture biofilms on stainless steel also increased significantly. However, there was no effect on the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes when cultured with R. insidiosa separated by a semi-permeable membrane-linked compartment or cultured in R. insidiosa cell-free supernatant, indicating that direct cell-cell contact is critical for this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Attila Nagy
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Gary R Bauchan
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangwu Nou
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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70
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Costa AM, Mergulhão FJ, Briandet R, Azevedo NF. It is all about location: how to pinpoint microorganisms and their functions in multispecies biofilms. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:987-999. [PMID: 28745517 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispecies biofilms represent the dominant mode of life for the vast majority of microorganisms. Bacterial spatial localization in such biostructures governs ecological interactions between different populations and triggers the overall community functions. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of fluorescence-based techniques used to decipher bacterial species patterns in biofilms at single cell level, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and the use of genetically modified bacteria that express fluorescent proteins, reporting the significant improvements of those techniques. The development of tools for spatial and temporal study of multispecies biofilms will allow live imaging and spatial localization of cells in naturally occurring biofilms coupled with metabolic information, increasing insight of microbial community and the relation between its structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Costa
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J Mergulhão
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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71
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Gkana EN, Giaouris ED, Doulgeraki AI, Kathariou S, Nychas GJE. Biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel under either mono- or dual-species multi-strain conditions and resistance of sessile communities to sub-lethal chemical disinfection. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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72
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Miquel Guennoc C, Rose C, Guinnet F, Miquel I, Labbé J, Deveau A. A New Method for Qualitative Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Biofilms on Filamentous Fungal Colonies Using Confocal and Electron Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28190036 PMCID: PMC5352296 DOI: 10.3791/54771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms frequently form on fungal surfaces and can be involved in numerous bacterial-fungal interaction processes, such as metabolic cooperation, competition, or predation. The study of biofilms is important in many biological fields, including environmental science, food production, and medicine. However, few studies have focused on such bacterial biofilms, partially due to the difficulty of investigating them. Most of the methods for qualitative and quantitative biofilm analyses described in the literature are only suitable for biofilms forming on abiotic surfaces or on homogeneous and thin biotic surfaces, such as a monolayer of epithelial cells. While laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is often used to analyze in situ and in vivo biofilms, this technology becomes very challenging when applied to bacterial biofilms on fungal hyphae, due to the thickness and the three dimensions of the hyphal networks. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed a protocol combining microscopy with a method to limit the accumulation of hyphal layers in fungal colonies. Using this method, we were able to investigate the development of bacterial biofilms on fungal hyphae at multiple scales using both LSCM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This report describes the protocol, including microorganism cultures, bacterial biofilm formation conditions, biofilm staining, and LSCM and SEM visualizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Rose
- Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières - PTEF, UMR 1137, INRA Université de Lorraine
| | - Frédéric Guinnet
- Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, UMR1136, INRA Université de Lorraine
| | - Igor Miquel
- Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, UMR1136, INRA Université de Lorraine
| | - Jessy Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Aurélie Deveau
- Interactions Arbres - Microorganismes, UMR1136, INRA Université de Lorraine;
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73
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Rodríguez-López P, Carballo-Justo A, Draper LA, Cabo ML. Removal of Listeria monocytogenes dual-species biofilms using combined enzyme-benzalkonium chloride treatments. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:45-58. [PMID: 27918204 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1261847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pronase (PRN), cellulase (CEL) or DNaseI alone or combined with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) against Listeria monocytogenes-carrying biofilms were assayed. The best removal activity against L. monocytogenes-Escherichia coli biofilms was obtained using DNaseI followed by PRN and CEL. Subsequently, a modified logistic model was used to quantify the combined effects of PRN or DNaseI with BAC. A better BAC performance after PRN compared to DNaseI eradicating L. monocytogenes was observed. In E. coli the effects were the opposite. Finally, effects of DNaseI and DNaseI-BAC treatments were compared against two different L. monocytogenes-carrying biofilms. DNaseI-BAC was more effective against L. monocytogenes when co-cultured with E. coli. Nonetheless, comparing the removal effects after BAC addition, these were higher in mixed-biofilms with Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, a high number of released viable cells was observed after combined treatments. These results open new perspectives of enzymes as an anti-biofilm strategy for environmental pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- a Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
- b Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Microbiology , Autonomous University of Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Alba Carballo-Justo
- a Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - Lorraine A Draper
- c APC Microbiome Institute , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Marta L Cabo
- a Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
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74
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Melo LF, Azevedo NF. Impact of polymicrobial biofilms in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:423-439. [PMID: 28033847 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1240656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have demonstrated that most biofilms involved in catheter-associated urinary tract infections are polymicrobial communities, with pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and uncommon microorganisms (e.g. Delftia tsuruhatensis, Achromobacter xylosoxidans) frequently co-inhabiting the same urinary catheter. However, little is known about the interactions that occur between different microorganisms and how they impact biofilm formation and infection outcome. This lack of knowledge affects CAUTIs management as uncommon bacteria action can, for instance, influence the rate at which pathogens adhere and grow, as well as affect the overall biofilm resistance to antibiotics. Another relevant aspect is the understanding of factors that drive a single pathogenic bacterium to become prevalent in a polymicrobial community and subsequently cause infection. In this review, a general overview about the IMDs-associated biofilm infections is provided, with an emphasis on the pathophysiology and the microbiome composition of CAUTIs. Based on the available literature, it is clear that more research about the microbiome interaction, mechanisms of biofilm formation and of antimicrobial tolerance of the polymicrobial consortium are required to better understand and treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Azevedo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Luís F Melo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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75
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Alves D, Magalhães A, Grzywacz D, Neubauer D, Kamysz W, Pereira MO. Co-immobilization of Palm and DNase I for the development of an effective anti-infective coating for catheter surfaces. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:313-22. [PMID: 27514277 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biomaterial-associated infections, in particular, catheter-associated infections (CAI) are a major problem in clinical practice due to their ability to resist antimicrobial treatment and the host immune system. This study aimed to co-immobilize the antimicrobial lipopeptide Palm and the enzyme DNase I to introduce both antimicrobial and anti-adhesive functionalities to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, using dopamine chemistry. Surface characterization confirmed the immobilization of both compounds and no leaching of Palm from the surfaces for up to 5days. Co-immobilization of both agents resulted in a bifunctional coating with excellent surface antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The modified surfaces demonstrated superior biocompatibility. To better discriminate co-adhesion of both species on modified surfaces, PNA FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes) was employed, and results showed that P. aeruginosa was the dominant organism, with S. aureus adhering afterwards on P. aeruginosa agglomerates. Furthermore, Palm immobilization exhibited no propensity to develop bacterial resistance, as opposite to the immobilization of an antibiotic. The overall results highlighted that co-immobilization of Palm and DNase I holds great potential to be applied in the development of catheters. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Catheter-associated infections (CAI) are the most common hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Several coating strategies have been proposed to fight these infections but most of them present some important limitations, including the emergence of resistant bacteria and toxicity concerns. The present work describes a two-step polydopamine-based surface modification strategy to successfully co-immobilize an antimicrobial peptide (Palm) and an enzyme targeting an important component of biofilm matrix (DNase I). This immobilization approach imparted polydimethylsiloxane surfaces with both anti-adhesive and antimicrobial properties against the adhesion of relevant bacteria as single and dual-species, with excellent stability and biocompatible and anti-biofilm properties, holding, therefore, great potential in the development of catheters able to prevent CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Magalhães
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Damian Neubauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Peptideweb.com, 80-298 Gdansk, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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76
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Lopes SP, Carvalho DT, Pereira MO, Azevedo NF. Discriminating typical and atypical cystic fibrosis-related bacteria by multiplex PNA-FISH. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:355-367. [PMID: 27571488 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to report the development of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes to specifically detect the cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated traditional and atypical species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Inquilinus limosus, respectively. PNA probes were designed in silico, developed and tested in smears prepared in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), and in artificial sputum medium (ASM). A multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) approach using the designed probes was further validated in artificially contaminated clinical sputum samples and also applied in polymicrobial 24 h-old biofilms involving P. aeruginosa, I. limosus, and other CF-related bacteria. Both probes showed high predictive and experimental specificities and sensitivities. The multiplex PNA-FISH assay, associated with non-specific staining, was successfully adapted in the clinical samples and in biofilms of CF-related bacteria, allowing differentiating the community members and inferring about microbial-microbial interactions within the consortia. This study revealed the great potential of PNA-FISH as a diagnostic tool to discriminate between classical and less common CF-associated bacteria, being suitable to further describe species-dependent prevention strategies and deliver more effective target control therapeutics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 355-367. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniel T Carvalho
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria O Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mendes L, Rocha R, Azevedo AS, Ferreira C, Henriques M, Pinto MG, Azevedo NF. Novel strategy to detect and locate periodontal pathogens: The PNA-FISH technique. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:185-191. [PMID: 27664736 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to develop peptic nucleic acid (PNA) probes for the identification and localization of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomintans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in sub-gingival plaque and gingival biopsies by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH). METHODS A PNA probe was designed for each microorganism. The PNA-FISH method was optimized to allow simultaneous hybridization of both microorganisms with their probe (PNA-FISH multiplex). After being tested on representative strains of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, the PNA-FISH method was then adapted to detect microorganisms in the subgingival plaque and gingival samples, collected from patients with severe periodontitis. RESULTS The best hybridization conditions were found to be 59°C for 150min for both probes (PgPNA1007 and AaPNA235). The in silico sensitivity and specificity was both 100% for PgPNA1007 probe and 100% and 99.9% for AaPNA235 probe, respectively. Results on clinical samples showed that the PNA-FISH method was able to detect and discriminate target bacteria in the mixed microbial population of the subgingival plaque and within periodontal tissues. CONCLUSION This investigation presents a new highly accurate method for P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans detection and co-location in clinical samples, in just few hours. With this technique we were able to observe spatial distribution of these species within polymicrobial communities in the periodontal pockets and, for the first time with the FISH method, in the organized gingival tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Mendes
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Rocha
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; LIBRO, Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; BIOMODE, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Apartado 4152, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Sofia Azevedo
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ferreira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- LIBRO, Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel Gonçalves Pinto
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Loera-Muro A, Jacques M, Avelar-González FJ, Labrie J, Tremblay YDN, Oropeza-Navarro R, Guerrero-Barrera AL. Auxotrophic Actinobacillus pleurpneumoniae grows in multispecies biofilms without the need for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplementation. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:128. [PMID: 27349384 PMCID: PMC4924255 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, which causes important worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. Several respiratory tract infections are associated with biofilm formation, and A. pleuropneumoniae has the ability to form biofilms in vitro. Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that are attached to an abiotic or biotic surface. Virtually all bacteria can grow as a biofilm, and multi-species biofilms are the most common form of microbial growth in nature. The goal of this study was to determine the ability of A. pleuropneumoniae to form multi-species biofilms with other bacteria frequently founded in pig farms, in the absence of pyridine compounds (nicotinamide mononucleotide [NMN], nicotinamide riboside [NR] or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD]) that are essential for the growth of A. pleuropneumoniae. Results For the biofilm assay, strain 719, a field isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, was mixed with swine isolates of Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and deposited in 96-well microtiter plates. Based on the CFU results, A. pleuropneumoniae was able to grow with every species tested in the absence of pyridine compounds in the culture media. Interestingly, A. pleuropneumoniae was also able to form strong biofilms when mixed with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica or S. aureus. In the presence of E. coli, A. pleuropneumoniae only formed a weak biofilm. The live and dead populations, and the matrix composition of multi-species biofilms were also characterized using fluorescent markers and enzyme treatments. The results indicated that poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine remains the primary component responsible for the biofilm structure. Conclusions In conclusion, A. pleuropneumoniae apparently is able to satisfy the requirement of pyridine compounds through of other swine pathogens by cross-feeding, which enables A. pleuropneumoniae to grow and form multi-species biofilms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0742-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Loera-Muro
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico, 20131
| | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur la maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | | | - Josée Labrie
- Groupe de recherche sur la maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Yannick D N Tremblay
- Groupe de recherche sur la maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Ricardo Oropeza-Navarro
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, 62260
| | - Alma L Guerrero-Barrera
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico, 20131. .,Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico, 20131.
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Røder HL, Sørensen SJ, Burmølle M. Studying Bacterial Multispecies Biofilms: Where to Start? Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:503-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Castro J, Machado D, Cerca N. Escherichia coliandEnterococcus faecalisare able to incorporate and enhance a pre-formedGardnerella vaginalisbiofilm. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw007. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santos RS, Dakwar GR, Xiong R, Forier K, Remaut K, Stremersch S, Guimarães N, Fontenete S, Wengel J, Leite M, Figueiredo C, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Azevedo NF. Effect of Native Gastric Mucus on in vivo Hybridization Therapies Directed at Helicobacter pylori. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e269. [PMID: 26645765 PMCID: PMC5014538 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the worldwide population. It is mostly found deep in the gastric mucus lining of the stomach, being a major cause of peptic ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. To face the increasing resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics, antimicrobial nucleic acid mimics are a promising alternative. In particular, locked nucleic acids (LNA)/2'-OMethyl RNA (2'OMe) have shown to specifically target H. pylori, as evidenced by in situ hybridization. The success of in vivo hybridization depends on the ability of these nucleic acids to penetrate the major physical barriers-the highly viscoelastic gastric mucus and the bacterial cell envelope. We found that LNA/2'OMe is capable of diffusing rapidly through native, undiluted, gastric mucus isolated from porcine stomachs, without degradation. Moreover, although LNA/2'OMe hybridization was still successful without permeabilization and fixation of the bacteria, which is normally part of in vitro studies, the ability of LNA/2'OMe to efficiently hybridize with H. pylori was hampered by the presence of mucus. Future research should focus on developing nanocarriers that shield LNA/2'OMe from components in the gastric mucus, while remaining capable of diffusing through the mucus and delivering these nucleic acid mimics directly into the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Santos
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - George R Dakwar
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Forier
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nuno Guimarães
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sílvia Fontenete
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Pereira B, Madureira P, Wengel J, Azevedo NF. Detection and discrimination of biofilm populations using locked nucleic acid/2′-O-methyl-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (LNA/2′OMe-FISH). Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Qiu YX, Mao MY, Jiang D, Hong X, Yang YM, Hu T. Co-operative effect of exogenous dextranase and sodium fluoride on multispecies biofilms. J Dent Sci 2015; 11:41-47. [PMID: 30894944 PMCID: PMC6395195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The co-operative effect of exogenous dextranase (Dex) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on Streptococcus mutans monospecies biofilms is impressive. Here we investigated the effects of the combination on a mature cariogenic multispecies biofilm and analyzed the potential mechanism. Materials and methods A multispecies biofilm of S. mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces viscosus was established in vitro. Dex and NaF were added separately or together. The effects of the agents on the biomass were measured. The exopolysaccharide production was determined with the scintillation counting method. The viability and morphology were evaluated using colony forming unit and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Results In general, biofilms treated with Dex and a little concentration of NaF exhibited a lower biomass, exopolysaccharide production, and viability compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Confocal laser scanning microscopy using a vital fluorescence technique showed the combination treated biofilms appeared to be loose relatively and single cells could be observed. Furthermore, the thickness and viability were also lower than either of the separate agent groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Overall, these findings reveal that a combination of 1 U/mL Dex and 80 μg/mL NaF is a promising candidate for disrupting complex cariogenic multispecies biofilms. This feature may be in that Dex loses the structure of biofilms, thereby facilitating NaF penetration and enhancing its antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-xin Qiu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng-ying Mao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Hong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-ming Yang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14 South Renmin Road, Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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84
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A Mixed-Culture Biofilm Model with Cross-Diffusion. Bull Math Biol 2015; 77:2086-124. [PMID: 26582360 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-015-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We propose a deterministic continuum model for mixed-culture biofilms. A crucial aspect is that movement of one species is affected by the presence of the other. This leads to a degenerate cross-diffusion system that generalizes an earlier single-species biofilm model. Two derivations of this new model are given. One, like cellular automata biofilm models, starts from a discrete in space lattice differential equation where the spatial interaction is described by microscopic rules. The other one starts from the same continuous mass balances that are the basis of other deterministic biofilm models, but it gives up a simplifying assumption of these models that has recently been criticized as being too restrictive in terms of ecological structure. We show that both model derivations lead to the same PDE model, if corresponding closure assumptions are introduced. To investigate the role of cross-diffusion, we conduct numerical simulations of three biofilm systems: competition, allelopathy and a mixed system formed by an aerobic and an anaerobic species. In all cases, we find that accounting for cross-diffusion affects local distribution of biomass, but it does not affect overall lumped quantities such as the total amount of biomass in the system.
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Desvaux M, Hébraud M, Møretrø T, Langsrud S, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ, Kačániová M, Czaczyk K, Ölmez H, Simões M. Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:841. [PMID: 26347727 PMCID: PMC4542319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. Under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and form biofilms. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are important bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne diseases, while all are known to be able to create biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Particularly challenging is the attempt to understand the complexity of inter-bacterial interactions that can be encountered in such unwanted consortia, such as competitive and cooperative ones, together with their impact on the final outcome of these communities (e.g., maturation, physiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, dispersal). In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented. A better understanding of these interactions, both at molecular and biophysical levels, could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hülya Ölmez
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Sanchez-Vizuete P, Orgaz B, Aymerich S, Le Coq D, Briandet R. Pathogens protection against the action of disinfectants in multispecies biofilms. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:705. [PMID: 26236291 PMCID: PMC4500986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms constitute the prevalent way of life for microorganisms in both natural and man-made environments. Biofilm-dwelling cells display greater tolerance to antimicrobial agents than those that are free-living, and the mechanisms by which this occurs have been investigated extensively using single-strain axenic models. However, there is growing evidence that interspecies interactions may profoundly alter the response of the community to such toxic exposure. In this paper, we propose an overview of the studies dealing with multispecies biofilms resistance to biocides, with particular reference to the protection of pathogenic species by resident surface flora when subjected to disinfectants treatments. The mechanisms involved in such protection include interspecies signaling, interference between biocides molecules and public goods in the matrix, or the physiology and genetic plasticity associated with a structural spatial arrangement. After describing these different mechanisms, we will discuss the experimental methods available for their analysis in the context of complex multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchez-Vizuete
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Belen Orgaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Stéphane Aymerich
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Dominique Le Coq
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- CNRS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Romain Briandet
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
- AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-JosasFrance
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Study on the Structure of Candida Albicans–Staphylococcus Epidermidis Mixed Species Biofilm on Polyvinyl Chloride Biomaterial. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 73:461-468. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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88
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A flow cytometric approach to quantify biofilms. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 60:335-42. [PMID: 25948317 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since biofilms are important in many clinical, industrial, and environmental settings, reliable methods to quantify these sessile microbial populations are crucial. Most of the currently available techniques do not allow the enumeration of the viable cell fraction within the biofilm and are often time consuming. This paper proposes flow cytometry (FCM) using the single-stain viability dye TO-PRO(®)-3 iodide as a fast and precise alternative. Mature biofilms of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were used to optimize biofilm removal and dissociation, as a single-cell suspension is needed for accurate FCM enumeration. To assess the feasibility of FCM quantification of biofilms, E. coli and C. albicans biofilms were analyzed using FCM and crystal violet staining at different time points. A combination of scraping and rinsing proved to be the most efficient technique for biofilm removal. Sonicating for 10 min eliminated the remaining aggregates, resulting in a single-cell suspension. Repeated FCM measurements of biofilm samples revealed a good intraday precision of approximately 5 %. FCM quantification and the crystal violet assay yielded similar biofilm growth curves for both microorganisms, confirming the applicability of our technique. These results show that FCM using TO-PRO(®)-3 iodide as a single-stain viability dye is a valid fast alternative for the quantification of viable cells in a biofilm.
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Rohde A, Hammerl JA, Appel B, Dieckmann R, Al Dahouk S. FISHing for bacteria in food – A promising tool for the reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria? Food Microbiol 2015; 46:395-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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90
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Günther S, Müller S. Facilitated gate setting by sequential dot plot scanning. Cytometry A 2015; 87:661-4. [PMID: 25755130 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities comprising thousands of unknown organisms can be studied flow cytometrically by applying just one fluorescent parameter and using scatter characteristics of cells. Resulting 2D-plots need to represent high numbers of cells to detect the many subcommunities, even rare ones that might be present in the sample. Evaluation of such data can be faulty and subjective due to the low number of parameters available for data discrimination and the high numbers of overlaying events. Here, we describe a procedure that helps to evaluate such data using facilitated gate setting by sequential dot-plot scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Günther
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
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91
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Chen P, Cui L, Zhang K. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy monitoring the development of dual-species biofouling on membrane surfaces. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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92
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Conrad K, Alipasha R, Thiru S, Kandasamy T. Abscess Formation as a Complication of Injectable Fillers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/mps.2015.52003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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93
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Hosseinkhan N, Zarrineh P, Masoudi-Nejad A. Analysis of Genome-scale Expression Network in Four Major Bacterial Residents of Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:408-18. [PMID: 25435803 PMCID: PMC4245700 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666140818205444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In polymicrobial communities where several species co-exist in a certain niche and consequently the possibility of interactions among species is very high, gene expression data sources can give better insights in to underlying adaptation mechanisms assumed by bacteria. Furthermore, several possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions among species can be investigated through gene expression comparisons. Lung is one of the habitats harboring several distinct pathogens during severe pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Expression data analysis of these lung residents can help to gain a better understanding on how these species interact with each other within the host cells. The first part of this paper deals with introducing available data sources for the major bacteria responsible for causing lung diseases and their genomic relations. In the second part, the main focus is on the studies concerning gene expression analyses of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Hosseinkhan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Zarrineh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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94
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Jahid IK, Ha SD. The Paradox of Mixed-Species Biofilms in the Context of Food Safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun Anseong-Si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
- Dept. of Microbiology; Jessore Univ. of Science and Technology; Jessore-7408 Bangladesh
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun Anseong-Si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
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95
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Optimization of a peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) method for the detection of bacteria and disclosure of a formamide effect. J Biotechnol 2014; 187:16-24. [PMID: 25034435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a well-established technique to identify microorganisms, there is a lack of understanding concerning the interaction of the different factors affecting the obtained fluorescence. In here, we used flow cytometry to study the influence of three essential factors in hybridization - temperature, time and formamide concentration - in an effort to optimize the performance of a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) probe targeting bacteria (EUB338). The PNA-FISH optimization was performed with bacteria representing different families employing response surface methodology. Surprisingly, the optimum concentration of formamide varied according to the bacterium tested. While hybridization on the bacteria possessing the thickest peptidoglycan was more successful at nearly 50% (v/v) formamide, hybridization on all other microorganisms appeared to improve with much lower formamide concentrations. Gram staining and transmission electron microscopy allowed us to confirm that the overall effect of formamide concentration on the fluorescence intensity is a balance between a harmful effect on the bacterial cell envelope, affecting cellular integrity, and the beneficial denaturant effect in the hybridization process. We also conclude that microorganisms belonging to different families will require different hybridization parameters for the same FISH probe, meaning that an optimum universal PNA-FISH procedure is non-existent for these situations.
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96
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Winkelströter LK, Teixeira FBDR, Silva EP, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP. Unraveling microbial biofilms of importance for food microbiology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:35-46. [PMID: 24370864 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms is a relevant risk factors in the food industry due to the potential contamination of food products with pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The majority of bacteria are able to adhere and to form biofilms, where they can persist and survive for days to weeks or even longer, depending on the microorganism and the environmental conditions. The biological cycle of biofilms includes several developmental phases such as: initial attachment, maturation, maintenance, and dispersal. Bacteria in biofilms are generally well protected against environmental stress, consequently, extremely difficult to eradicate and detect in food industry. In the present manuscript, some techniques and compounds used to control and to prevent the biofilm formation are presented and discussed. Moreover, a number of novel techniques have been recently employed to detect and evaluate bacteria attached to surfaces, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Better knowledge on the architecture, physiology and molecular signaling in biofilms can contribute for preventing and controlling food-related spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The present study highlights basic and applied concepts important for understanding the role of biofilms in bacterial survival, persistence and dissemination in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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97
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Danko AS, Fontenete SJ, de Aquino Leite D, Leitão PO, Almeida C, Schaefer CE, Vainberg S, Steffan RJ, Azevedo NF. Detection of Dehalococcoides spp. by peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 24:142-9. [PMID: 24970105 DOI: 10.1159/000362790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorinated solvents including tetrachloroethene (perchloroethene and trichloroethene), are widely used industrial solvents. Improper use and disposal of these chemicals has led to a widespread contamination. Anaerobic treatment technologies that utilize Dehalococcoides spp. can be an effective tool to remediate these contaminated sites. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop, optimize and validate peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for the detection of Dehalococcoides spp. in both pure and mixed cultures. PNA probes were designed by adapting previously published DNA probes targeting the region of the point mutations described for discriminating between the Dehalococcoides spp. strain CBDB1 and strain 195 lineages. Different fixation, hybridization and washing procedures were tested. The results indicated that the PNA probes hybridized specifically and with a high sensitivity to their corresponding lineages, and that the PNA probes developed during this work can be used in a duplex assay to distinguish between strain CBDB1 and strain 195 lineages, even in complex mixed cultures. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using PNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to distinguish between two metabolically and genetically distinct Dehalococcoides strains, and they can have strong implications in the monitoring and differentiation of Dehalococcoides populations in laboratory cultures and at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Danko
- Centro de Investigação em Geo-Ambiente e Recursos (CIGAR), Departamento de Engenharia de Minas, Faculdade de Engenharia, Porto, Portugal
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98
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Optical biosensors with an integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:509-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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99
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Karygianni L, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to analyze multispecies oral biofilms. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1147:65-72. [PMID: 24664826 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0467-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) constitutes a favorable microbiological method for the analysis of spatial distribution of highly variable phenotypes found in multispecies oral biofilms. The combined use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) produces high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of individual bacteria in their natural environment. Here, we describe the application of M-FISH on early (Streptococcus spp., Actinomyces naeslundii) and late colonizers (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella spp.) of in situ-formed oral biofilms, the acquisition of CLSM images, as well as the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these digitally obtained and processed images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Hugstetterstr, 55, 79106, Freidburg, Germany
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100
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Periprosthetic joint infections: clinical and bench research. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:549091. [PMID: 24288493 PMCID: PMC3826319 DOI: 10.1155/2013/549091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection is a devastating complication with high morbidity and substantial cost. The incidence is low but probably underestimated. Despite a significant basic and clinical research in this field, many questions concerning the definition of prosthetic infection as well the diagnosis and the management of these infections remained unanswered. We review the current literature about the new diagnostic methods, the management and the prevention of prosthetic joint infections.
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