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Gadelha C, Zhang W, Chamberlain JW, Chait BT, Wickstead B, Field MC. Architecture of a Host-Parasite Interface: Complex Targeting Mechanisms Revealed Through Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1911-26. [PMID: 25931509 PMCID: PMC4587319 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.047647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface membrane organization and composition is key to cellular function, and membrane proteins serve many essential roles in endocytosis, secretion, and cell recognition. The surface of parasitic organisms, however, is a double-edged sword; this is the primary interface between parasites and their hosts, and those crucial cellular processes must be carried out while avoiding elimination by the host immune defenses. For extracellular African trypanosomes, the surface is partitioned such that all endo- and exocytosis is directed through a specific membrane region, the flagellar pocket, in which it is thought the majority of invariant surface proteins reside. However, very few of these proteins have been identified, severely limiting functional studies, and hampering the development of potential treatments. Here we used an integrated biochemical, proteomic and bioinformatic strategy to identify surface components of the human parasite Trypanosoma brucei. This surface proteome contains previously known flagellar pocket proteins as well as multiple novel components, and is significantly enriched in proteins that are essential for parasite survival. Molecules with receptor-like properties are almost exclusively parasite-specific, whereas transporter-like proteins are conserved in model organisms. Validation shows that the majority of surface proteome constituents are bona fide surface-associated proteins and, as expected, most present at the flagellar pocket. Moreover, the largest systematic analysis of trypanosome surface molecules to date provides evidence that the cell surface is compartmentalized into three distinct domains with free diffusion of molecules in each, but selective, asymmetric traffic between. This work provides a paradigm for the compartmentalization of a cell surface and a resource for its analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gadelha
- From the ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG2 7UH; §Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1QP;
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- ¶Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10021
| | - James W Chamberlain
- From the ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG2 7UH
| | - Brian T Chait
- ¶Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10021
| | - Bill Wickstead
- From the ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG2 7UH
| | - Mark C Field
- ‖Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, DD1 5EH
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Ali H, Al-Yatama MK, Abu-Farha M, Behbehani K, Al Madhoun A. Multi-lineage differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells mediates changes in the expression profile of stemness markers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122465. [PMID: 25848763 PMCID: PMC4388513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton's Jelly- derived Mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have gained interest as an alternative source of stem cells for regenerative medicine because of their potential for self-renewal, differentiation and unique immunomodulatory properties. Although many studies have characterized various WJ-MSCs biologically, the expression profiles of the commonly used stemness markers have not yet been addressed. In this study, WJ-MSCs were isolated and characterized for stemness and surface markers expression. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analysis revealed predominant expression of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166 in WJ-MSCs, while the hematopoietic and endothelial markers were absent. Differential expression of CD 29, CD90, CD105 and CD166 following adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic induction was observed. Furthermore, our results demonstrated a reduction in CD44 and CD73 expressions in response to the tri-lineage differentiation induction, suggesting that they can be used as reliable stemness markers, since their expression was associated with undifferentiated WJ-MSCs only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Department of Basic Science Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (MLS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Kazem Behbehani
- Department of Basic Science Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Basic Science Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180 Dasman, Kuwait
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Díez JM, Bauman E, Gajardo R, Jorquera JI. Culture of human mesenchymal stem cells using a candidate pharmaceutical grade xeno-free cell culture supplement derived from industrial human plasma pools. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:28. [PMID: 25889980 PMCID: PMC4396121 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is an animal product used as a medium supplement. The animal origin of FBS is a concern if cultured stem cells are to be utilized for human cell therapy. Therefore, a substitute for FBS is desirable. In this study, an industrial, xeno-free, pharmaceutical-grade supplement for cell culture (SCC) under development at Grifols was tested for growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), cell characterization, and differentiation capacity. METHODS SCC is a freeze-dried product obtained through cold-ethanol fractionation of industrial human plasma pools from healthy donors. Bone marrow-derived hMSC cell lines were obtained from two commercial suppliers. Cell growth was evaluated by culturing hMSCs with commercial media or media supplemented with SCC or FBS. Cell viability and cell yield were assessed with an automated cell counter. Cell surface markers were studied by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Cells were cultured then differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and neurons, as assessed by specific staining and microscopy observation. RESULTS SCC supported the growth of commercial hMSCs. Starting from the same number of seeded cells in two consecutive passages of culture with medium supplemented with SCC, hMSC yield and cell population doubling time were equivalent to the values obtained with the commercial medium and was consistent among lots. The viability of hMSCs was higher than 90%, while maintaining the characteristic phenotype of undifferentiated hMSCs (positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166 and Stro-1; negative for CD14 and CD19). Cultured hMSCs maintained the potential for differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and neurons. CONCLUSIONS The tested human plasma-derived SCC sustains the adequate growth of hMSCs, while preserving their differentiation capacity. SCC can be a potential candidate for cell culture supplement in advanced cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Díez
- Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory, Research & Development Biologics Industrial Group. Grifols, Carrer Llevant, 11, 08150 Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ewa Bauman
- Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory, Research & Development Biologics Industrial Group. Grifols, Carrer Llevant, 11, 08150 Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Gajardo
- Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory, Research & Development Biologics Industrial Group. Grifols, Carrer Llevant, 11, 08150 Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan I Jorquera
- Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory, Research & Development Biologics Industrial Group. Grifols, Carrer Llevant, 11, 08150 Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ghebes CA, Kelder C, Schot T, Renard AJ, Pakvis DFM, Fernandes H, Saris DB. Anterior cruciate ligament- and hamstring tendon-derived cells: in vitro differential properties of cells involved in ACL reconstruction. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1077-1088. [PMID: 25758215 DOI: 10.1002/term.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction involves the replacement of the torn ligament with a new graft, often a hamstring tendon (HT). Described as similar, the ACL and HT have intrinsic differences related to their distinct anatomical locations. From a cellular perspective, identifying these differences represents a step forward in the search for new cues that enhance recovery after the reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotype and multilineage potential of ACL- and HT-derived cells. ACL- and HT-derived cells were isolated from tissue harvest from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or ACL reconstruction. In total, three ACL and three HT donors were investigated. Cell morphology, self-renewal potential (CFU-F), surface marker profiling, expression of tendon/ligament-related markers (PCR) and multilineage potential were analysed for both cell types; both had fibroblast-like morphology and low self-renewal potential. No differences in the expression of tendon/ligament-related genes or a selected set of surface markers were observed between the two cell types. However, differences in their multilineage potential were observed: while ACL-derived cells showed a high potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes, but not osteoblasts, HT-derived cells showed poor potential to form adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Our results demonstrated that HT-derived cells have low multilineage potential compared to ACL-derived cells, further highlighting the need for extrinsic signals to fully restore the function of the ACL upon reconstruction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Adriana Ghebes
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Kelder
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schot
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Auke J Renard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, Enschede, The Netherland
| | - Dean F M Pakvis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Centre OCON, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Stem Cells and Drug Screening group, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel B Saris
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gadolinium-chelate nanoparticle entrapped human mesenchymal stem cell via photochemical internalization for cancer diagnosis. Biomaterials 2015; 36:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sun B. Proteomics and glycoproteomics of pluripotent stem-cell surface proteins. Proteomics 2014; 15:1152-63. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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57
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Main H, Radenkovic J, Kosobrodova E, McKenzie D, Bilek M, Lendahl U. Cell surface antigen profiling using a novel type of antibody array immobilised to plasma ion-implanted polycarbonate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3841-57. [PMID: 24623559 PMCID: PMC11113427 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To identify and sort out subpopulations of cells from more complex and heterogeneous assemblies of cells is important for many biomedical applications, and the development of cost- and labour-efficient techniques to accomplish this is warranted. In this report, we have developed a novel array-based platform to discriminate cellular populations based on differences in cell surface antigen expressions. These cell capture microarrays were produced through covalent immobilisation of CD antibodies to plasma ion immersion implantation-treated polycarbonate (PIII-PC), which offers the advantage of a transparent matrix, allowing direct light microscopy visualisation of captured cells. The functionality of the PIII-PC array was validated using several cell types, resulting in unique surface antigen expression profiles. PIII-PC results were compatible with flow cytometry, nitrocellulose cell capture arrays and immunofluorescent staining, indicating that the technique is robust. We report on the use of this PIII-PC cluster of differentiation (CD) antibody array to gain new insights into neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and into the consequences of genetic targeting of the Notch signalling pathway, a key signalling mechanism for most cellular differentiation processes. Specifically, we identify CD98 as a novel marker for neural precursors and polarised expression of CD9 in the apical domain of ES cell-derived neural rosettes. We further identify expression of CD9 in hitherto uncharacterised non-neural cells and enrichment of CD49e- and CD117-positive cells in Notch signalling-deficient ES cell differentiations. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that covalent immobilisation of antibody arrays to the PIII-PC surface provides faithful cell surface antigen data in a cost- and labour-efficient manner. This may be used to facilitate high throughput identification and standardisation of more precise marker profiles during stem cell differentiation and in various genetic and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Main
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden,
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58
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Gothard D, Greenhough J, Ralph E, Oreffo RO. Prospective isolation of human bone marrow stromal cell subsets: A comparative study between Stro-1-, CD146- and CD105-enriched populations. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414551763. [PMID: 25383172 PMCID: PMC4221949 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414551763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stro-1 has proved an efficacious marker for enrichment of skeletal stem and progenitor cells although isolated populations remain heterogeneous, exhibiting variable colony-forming efficiency and osteogenic differentiation potential. The emerging findings that skeletal stem cells originate from adventitial reticular cells have brought two further markers to the fore including CD146 and CD105 (both primarily endothelial and perivascular). This study has compared CD146-, CD105- and Stro-1 (individual and in combination)-enriched human bone marrow stromal cell subsets and assessed whether these endothelial/perivascular markers offer further selection over conventional Stro-1. Fluorescent cell sorting quantification showed that CD146 and CD105 both targeted smaller (2.22% ± 0.59% and 6.94% ± 1.34%, respectively) and potentially different human bone marrow stromal cell fractions compared to Stro-1 (16.29% ± 0.78%). CD146+, but not CD105+, cells exhibited similar alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming efficiency in vitro and collagen/proteoglycan deposition in vivo to Stro-1+ cells. Molecular analysis of a number of select osteogenic and potential osteo-predictive genes including ALP, CADM1, CLEC3B, DCN, LOXL4, OPN, POSTN and SATB2 showed Stro-1+ and CD146+ populations possessed similar expression profiles. A discrete human bone marrow stromal cell fraction (2.04% ± 0.41%) exhibited positive immuno-labelling for both Stro-1 and CD146. The data presented here show that CD146+ populations are comparable but not superior to Stro-1+ populations. However, this study demonstrates the critical need for new candidate markers with which to isolate homogeneous skeletal stem cell populations or skeletal stem cell populations which exhibit homogeneous in vitro/in vivo characteristics, for implementation within tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gothard
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joanna Greenhough
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Esther Ralph
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Oc Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Allers C, Jones JA, Lasala GP, Minguell JJ. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: signals for hope? Regen Med 2014; 9:637-47. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the distinctive cellular, molecular and immunomodulatory traits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), it has been postulated that these cells may play a critical role in regenerative medicine. In addition to the participation of MSC in the repair of mesodermal-derived tissues (bone, cartilage), robust data have suggested that MSC may also play a reparative role in conditions involving damage of cells of ectodermal origin. The above content has been supported by the capability of MSC to differentiate into neuron-like cells as well as by a competence to generate a ‘neuroprotective’ environment. In turn, several preclinical studies have put forward the concept that MSC therapy may represent an option for the treatment of several neurological disorders and injuries, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We expect that the above foundations, which have inspired this review, may result in the founding of an effective and/or palliative therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Allers
- TCA Cellular Therapy, LLC, 101 Judge Tanner Blvd, Suite 502, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Janet A Jones
- TCA Cellular Therapy, LLC, 101 Judge Tanner Blvd, Suite 502, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- School of Nursing, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
| | - Gabriel P Lasala
- TCA Cellular Therapy, LLC, 101 Judge Tanner Blvd, Suite 502, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - José J Minguell
- TCA Cellular Therapy, LLC, 101 Judge Tanner Blvd, Suite 502, Covington, LA 70433, USA
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Yamaguchi DT. “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:94-110. [PMID: 24772237 PMCID: PMC3999785 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of bone requires mesenchymal stem cells that by self-renewal, are able to generate a critical mass of cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts that can produce bone protein matrix (osteoid) and enable its mineralization. The number of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) diminishes with age and ex vivo replication of hMSCs has limited potential. While propagating hMSCs under hypoxic conditions may maintain their ability to self-renew, the strategy of using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to allow for hMSCs to prolong their replicative lifespan is an attractive means of ensuring a critical mass of cells with the potential to differentiate into various mesodermal structural tissues including bone. However, this strategy must be tempered by the oncogenic potential of TERT-transformed cells, or their ability to enhance already established cancers, the unknown differentiating potential of high population doubling hMSCs and the source of hMSCs (e.g., bone marrow, adipose-derived, muscle-derived, umbilical cord blood, etc.) that may provide peculiarities to self-renewal, differentiation, and physiologic function that may differ from non-transformed native cells. Tissue engineering approaches to use hMSCs to repair bone defects utilize the growth of hMSCs on three-dimensional scaffolds that can either be a base on which hMSCs can attach and grow or as a means of sequestering growth factors to assist in the chemoattraction and differentiation of native hMSCs. The use of whole native extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by hMSCs, rather than individual ECM components, appear to be advantageous in not only being utilized as a three-dimensional attachment base but also in appropriate orientation of cells and their differentiation through the growth factors that native ECM harbor or in simulating growth factor motifs. The origin of native ECM, whether from hMSCs from young or old individuals is a critical factor in “rejuvenating” hMSCs from older individuals grown on ECM from younger individuals.
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61
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Murray IR, West CC, Hardy WR, James AW, Park TS, Nguyen A, Tawonsawatruk T, Lazzari L, Soo C, Péault B. Natural history of mesenchymal stem cells, from vessel walls to culture vessels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1353-74. [PMID: 24158496 PMCID: PMC11113613 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can regenerate tissues by direct differentiation or indirectly by stimulating angiogenesis, limiting inflammation, and recruiting tissue-specific progenitor cells. MSCs emerge and multiply in long-term cultures of total cells from the bone marrow or multiple other organs. Such a derivation in vitro is simple and convenient, hence popular, but has long precluded understanding of the native identity, tissue distribution, frequency, and natural role of MSCs, which have been defined and validated exclusively in terms of surface marker expression and developmental potential in culture into bone, cartilage, and fat. Such simple, widely accepted criteria uniformly typify MSCs, even though some differences in potential exist, depending on tissue sources. Combined immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cell culture have allowed tracking the artifactual cultured mesenchymal stem/stromal cells back to perivascular anatomical regions. Presently, both pericytes enveloping microvessels and adventitial cells surrounding larger arteries and veins have been described as possible MSC forerunners. While such a vascular association would explain why MSCs have been isolated from virtually all tissues tested, the origin of the MSCs grown from umbilical cord blood remains unknown. In fact, most aspects of the biology of perivascular MSCs are still obscure, from the emergence of these cells in the embryo to the molecular control of their activity in adult tissues. Such dark areas have not compromised intents to use these cells in clinical settings though, in which purified perivascular cells already exhibit decisive advantages over conventional MSCs, including purity, thorough characterization and, principally, total independence from in vitro culture. A growing body of experimental data is currently paving the way to the medical usage of autologous sorted perivascular cells for indications in which MSCs have been previously contemplated or actually used, such as bone regeneration and cardiovascular tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R. Murray
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Christopher C. West
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Winters R. Hardy
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tea Soon Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alan Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Hoffecker IT, Iwata H. Manipulation of cell sorting within mesenchymal stromal cell-islet cell multicellular spheroids. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1643-53. [PMID: 24380607 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colocalization of islets with immunoprivileged cell types such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a potentially multifaceted and adaptive approach to islet protection. We attempted to colocalize MSCs with islets by creating single-celled suspensions of MSCs and cells from dissociated islets on top of arrays of round-bottomed wells. Segregation between islet-derived cells and MSCs was observed within 3 days. When ROCK inhibitor Y-27632-containing medium was used during the preparation of MSC/islet coaggregates, coaggregates sorted into core-shell structures with islet-derived cells occupying the exterior while MSCs occupied the core. Immunostaining revealed that MSC-derived regions transition from expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and CD44 to expression of E-cadherin, while pan-cadherin staining indicated reallocation of cadherins to cell borders, and shear-based cohesion measurements pointed to increased cohesive strength. The switch suggests that MSC-islet cohesion improved due to the greater degree of cell-cell adhesive compatibility. Functional evaluation of MSC-islet coaggregates confirmed normal insulin secretory function and partial suppression of anti-CD3-activated splenocyte proliferation. These findings demonstrate that manipulation of cell-cell interactions can be harnessed to control spheroid architecture in MSC-islet coaggregates, and this study also provides the basis for future islet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Hoffecker
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
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63
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Hiyama G, Matsuzaki M, Mizushima S, Dohra H, Ikegami K, Yoshimura T, Shiba K, Inaba K, Sasanami T. Sperm activation by heat shock protein 70 supports the migration of sperm released from sperm storage tubules in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Reproduction 2014; 147:167-78. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systems for maintaining the viability of ejaculated sperm in the female reproductive tract are widespread among vertebrates and invertebrates. In birds, this sperm storage function is performed by specialized simple tubular invaginations called sperm storage tubules (SSTs) in the uterovaginal junction (UVJ) of the oviduct. Although the incidence and physiological reasons for sperm storage in birds have been reported extensively, the mechanisms of sperm uptake by the SSTs, sperm maintenance within the SSTs, and control of sperm release from the SSTs are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the highly conserved heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) stimulates sperm motility in vitro and also that HSP70 expressed in the UVJ may facilitate the migration of sperm released from the SSTs. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of HSP70 mRNA in the UVJ increases before ovulation/oviposition. Gene-specific in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis with a specific antibody to HSP70 demonstrated that HSP70 is localized in the surface epithelium of the UVJ. Furthermore, injection of anti-HSP70 antibody into the vagina significantly inhibited fertilization in vivo. In addition, we found that recombinant HSP70 activates flagellar movement in the sperm and that the binding of recombinant HSP70 to the sperm surface is mediated through an interaction with voltage-dependent anion channel protein 2 (VDAC2). Our results suggest that HSP70 binds to the sperm surface by interacting with VDAC2 and activating sperm motility. This binding appears to play an important role in sperm migration within the oviduct.
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Cell surface proteomics analysis indicates a neural lineage bias of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:479269. [PMID: 24551847 PMCID: PMC3914342 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are one of the most intensively studied stem cell types with application aims. However, the molecular characterisation and the relationship between the molecular characterisation and functional properties of MSCs are largely unknown. In this study, we purified the surface proteins from rat bone marrow MSCs (rBMMSCs) and characterised their surface proteome by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, we comparatively analysed the data from this study with the surface proteomics data of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). The data showed that, in contrast to ES cells and human mesenchymal stromal cells, rBMMSCs possessed a surface proteomics pattern biased to neural and neural-endocrine lineages, indicating a neural/neural crest bias, and suggested a neural differentiation tendency of these cells. The different surface proteomics pattern between rBMMSCs and hMSCs also suggested that MSCs of different origin might possess a different lineage bias.
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65
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Granéli C, Thorfve A, Ruetschi U, Brisby H, Thomsen P, Lindahl A, Karlsson C. Novel markers of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells identified using a quantitative proteomics approach. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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66
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Mesenchymal stem cell derived microvesicles: Trophic shuttles for enhancement of sperm quality parameters. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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67
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Xin H, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Shang X, Cui Y, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles. Stem Cells 2013; 31:2737-46. [PMID: 23630198 PMCID: PMC3788061 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To test, in vivo, the hypothesis that exosomes from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate microRNA 133b (miR-133b) transfer which promotes neurological recovery from stroke, we used knockin and knockdown technologies to upregulate or downregulate the miR-133b level in MSCs (miR-133b(+) MSCs or miR-133b(-) MSCs) and their corresponding exosomes, respectively. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were treated with naïve MSCs, miR-133b(+) MSCs, or miR-133b(-) MSC at 1 day after MCAo. Compared with controls, rats receiving naïve MSC treatment significantly improved functional recovery and exhibited increased axonal plasticity and neurite remodeling in the ischemic boundary zone (IBZ) at day 14 after MCAo. The outcomes were significantly enhanced with miR-133b(+) MSC treatment, and were significantly decreased with miR-133b(-) MSC treatment, compared to naïve MSC treatment. The miR-133b level in exosomes collected from the cerebral spinal fluid was significantly increased after miR-133b(+) MSC treatment, and was significantly decreased after miR-133b(-) MSC treatment at day 14 after MCAo, compared to naïve MSC treatment. Tagging exosomes with green fluorescent protein demonstrated that exosomes-enriched extracellular particles were released from MSCs and transferred to adjacent astrocytes and neurons. The expression of selective targets for miR-133b, connective tissue growth factor and ras homolog gene family member A, was significantly decreased in the IBZ after miR-133b(+) MSC treatment, while their expression remained at similar elevated levels after miR-133b(-) MSC treatment, compared to naïve MSC treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that exosomes from MSCs mediate the miR-133b transfer to astrocytes and neurons, which regulate gene expression, subsequently benefit neurite remodeling and functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Xia Shang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Yisheng Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309
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68
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Xue R, Li JYS, Yeh Y, Yang L, Chien S. Effects of matrix elasticity and cell density on human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1360-5. [PMID: 23606500 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various cell types, including osteogenic and chondrogenic cells. The matrix elasticity and cell seeding density are important factors in hMSCs differentiation. We cultured hMSCs at different seeding densities on polyacrylamide hydrogels with different stiffness corresponding to Young's moduli of 1.6 ± 0.3 and 40 ± 3.6 kPa. The promotion of osteogenic marker expression by hard gel is overridden by a high seeding density. Cell seeding density, however, did not influence the chondrogenic marker expressions induced by soft gel. These findings suggest that interplays between cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions contribute to hMSCs differentiation. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation on hard matrix was shown to be mediated through the Ras pathway. Inhibition of Ras (RasN17) significantly decreased ERK, Smad1/5/8 and AKT activation, and osteogenic markers expression. However, constitutively active Ras (RasV12) had little effect on osteogenic marker expression, suggesting that the Ras pathways are necessary but not sufficient for osteogenesis. Taken together, our results indicate that matrix elasticity and cell density are important microenvironmental cues driving hMSCs proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Xue
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
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69
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Patil US, Qu H, Caruntu D, O'Connor CJ, Sharma A, Cai Y, Tarr MA. Labeling primary amine groups in peptides and proteins with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles containing cleavable disulfide-bond linkers. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1562-9. [PMID: 23909594 DOI: 10.1021/bc400165r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The surface of superparamagnetic silica coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2) nanoparticles was functionalized with a disulfide bond linked N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) ester group in order to develop a method for labeling primary amines in peptides/proteins. The nanoparticle labeled proteins/peptides formed after NHS ester reaction with the primary amine groups were isolated using a magnet without any additional purification step. Nanoparticle moieties conjugated to peptides/proteins were then trimmed by cleavage at the disulfide linker with a reducing agent. The labeled peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine their sequences and the sites of NHS ester labeling. This novel approach allowed characterization of lysine residues on the solvent accessible surface of native bovine serum albumin. Low cost, rapid magnetic separation, and specificity toward primary amine groups make NHS ester coated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles a potential labeling probe to study proteins on living cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal S Patil
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans , 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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70
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Sotoca AM, Roelofs-Hendriks J, Boeren S, van der Kraan PM, Vervoort J, van Zoelen EJJ, Piek E. Comparative proteome approach demonstrates that platelet-derived growth factor C and D efficiently induce proliferation while maintaining multipotency of hMSCs. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2649-62. [PMID: 23933496 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study that comprehensively describes the effects of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms C and D during in vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Our results show that PDGFs can enhance proliferation of hMSCs without affecting their multipotency. It is of great value to culture and expand hMSCs in a safe and effective manner without losing their multipotency for manipulation and further development of cell-based therapies. Moreover, differential effects of PDGF isoforms have been observed on lineage-specific differentiation induced by BMP2 and Vitamin D3. Based on label-free LC-based quantitative proteomics approach we have furthermore identified specific pathways induced by PDGFs during the proliferation process, showing the importance of bioinformatics tools to study cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sotoca
- Department of Cell and Applied Biology, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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71
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Kang KS, Hong JM, Kang JA, Rhie JW, Cho DW. Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells can be accelerated by controlling the frequency of continuous ultrasound. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2013; 32:1461-1470. [PMID: 23887957 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.32.8.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the effects of continuous ultrasound on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are dependent on the frequency in vitro. METHODS Before stimulation, we characterized the hASCs using cluster of differentiation marker profiles and tridifferentiation. Then we selected effective frequencies in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 MHz (with a peak negative pressure of 52 kPa), which upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 messenger RNA expression. Next, the effects of ultrasound at the selected frequencies on the osteogenic differentiation were evaluated at the protein level. Alkaline phosphatase activity and the formation of mineralized nodules were measured. We additionally identified the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ultrasound stimulation using Western blotting. RESULTS The hASCs showed general cluster of differentiation marker profiles of stem cells and confirmed their potentials to yield adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MHz were selected for higher runt-related transcription factor 2 expression in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 MHz. Among the 3 groups, alkaline phosphatase activity and the formation of mineralized nodules were increased in cells exposed to 1.5-MHz ultrasound compared with cells exposed to 0.5-or 1.0-MHz ultrasound and nontreated control cells. We additionally confirmed that this acceleration of osteogenic differentiation was related to p38 and protein kinase B signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that, in the selected range, 1.5 MHz was the most effective frequency for inducing the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Shin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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72
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73
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Mindaye ST, Ra M, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Alterman MA. Global proteomic signature of undifferentiated human bone marrow stromal cells: evidence for donor-to-donor proteome heterogeneity. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:793-805. [PMID: 23792435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) largely depends on their capacity to expand in vitro. We have conducted a comprehensive comparative proteomic analysis of culture-expanded hBMSCs obtained from different human donors. The data reveal extensive donor-to-donor proteomic heterogeneity. Processing and database-searching of the tandem MS data resulted in a most comprehensive to date proteomic dataset for hBMSC. A total of 7753 proteins including 712 transcription and translation regulators, 384 kinases, 248 receptor proteins, and 29 cytokines were confidently identified. The proteins identified are mainly nuclear (43.2%) and the share of proteins assigned to more than one subcellular location constitutes 10% of the identified proteome. Bioinformatics tools (IPA, DAVID, and PANTHER) were used to annotate proteins with respect to cellular locations, functions, and other physicochemical characteristics. We also compared the proteomic profile of hBMSCs to recently compiled datasets for human and mouse pluripotent stem cells. The result shows the extent of similarity between the three cell populations and also identified 253 proteins expressed uniformly by all lines of hBMSCs but not reported in the proteomic datasets of the two pluripotent stem cells. Overall, the proteomic database reported in this paper can serve as a reference map for extensive evaluation of hBMSC to explain their biology as well as identify possible marker candidates for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Mindaye
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
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74
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Gothard D, Dawson JI, Oreffo ROC. Assessing the potential of colony morphology for dissecting the CFU-F population from human bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:237-47. [PMID: 23397425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide an ideal cell source for bone tissue engineering strategies. However, bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) populations that contain MSCs are highly heterogeneous expressing a wide variety of proliferative and differentiation potentials. Current MSC isolation methods employing magnetic-activated and fluorescent-activated cell sorting can be expensive and time consuming and, in the absence of specific MSC markers, fail to generate homogeneous populations. We have investigated the potential of various colony morphology descriptors to provide correlations with cell growth potential. Density-independent colony forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-F) capacity is a MSC prerequisite and resultant colonies display an array of shapes and sizes that might be representative of cell function. Parent colonies were initially categorised according to their diameter and cell density and grouped before passage for the subsequent assessment of progeny colonies. Whereas significant morphological differences between distinct parent populations indicated a correlation with immunophenotype, enhanced CFU-F capacity was not observed when individual colonies were isolated according to these morphological parameters. Colony circularity, an alternative morphological measure, displayed a strong correlation with subsequent cell growth potential. The current study indicates the potential of morphological descriptors for predicting cell growth rate and suggests new directions for research into dissection of human BMSC CFU-F populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gothard
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
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75
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Angelini DJ, Dorsey RM, Willis KL, Hong C, Moyer RA, Oyler J, Jensen NS, Salem H. Chemical warfare agent and biological toxin-induced pulmonary toxicity: could stem cells provide potential therapies? Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:37-62. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.750406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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77
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Rostovskaya M, Anastassiadis K. Differential expression of surface markers in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations with distinct lineage commitment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51221. [PMID: 23236457 PMCID: PMC3517475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of progenitors with potential for generation of skeletal tissues. However the identity of BM MSC subpopulations is poorly defined mainly due to the absence of specific markers allowing in situ localization of those cells and isolation of pure cell types. Here, we aimed at characterization of surface markers in mouse BM MSCs and in their subsets with distinct differentiation potential. Using conditionally immortalized BM MSCs we performed a screening with 176 antibodies and high-throughput flow cytometry, and found 33 markers expressed in MSCs, and among them 3 were novel for MSCs and 13 have not been reported for MSCs from mice. Furthermore, we obtained clonally derived MSC subpopulations and identified bipotential progenitors capable for osteo- and adipogenic differentiation, as well as monopotential osteogenic and adipogenic clones, and thus confirmed heterogeneity of MSCs. We found that expression of CD200 was characteristic for the clones with osteogenic potential, whereas SSEA4 marked adipogenic progenitors lacking osteogenic capacity, and CD140a was expressed in adipogenic cells independently of their efficiency for osteogenesis. We confirmed our observations in cell sorting experiments and further investigated the expression of those markers during the course of differentiation. Thus, our findings provide to our knowledge the most comprehensive characterization of surface antigens expression in mouse BM MSCs to date, and suggest CD200, SSEA4 and CD140a as markers differentially expressed in distinct types of MSC progenitors.
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78
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Improved proteomic profiling of the cell surface of culture-expanded human bone marrow multipotent stromal cells. J Proteomics 2012; 78:1-14. [PMID: 23153793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the membrane proteome is essential to explain the biology of multipotent stromal cells and identify reliable protein biomarkers for the isolation as well as tracking of cells during differentiation and maturation. However, proteomic analysis of membrane proteins is challenging and they are noticeably under-represented in numerous proteomic studies. Here we introduce new approach, which includes high pressure-assisted membrane protein extraction, protein fractionation by gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (GELFREE), and combined use of liquid chromatography MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry. This report presents the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of membrane proteome of undifferentiated and culture-expanded human bone marrow multipotent stromal cells (hBM-MSC) obtained from different human donors. Gene ontology mapping using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and DAVID programs revealed the largest membrane proteomic dataset for hBM-MSC reported to date. Collectively, the new workflow enabled us to identify at least two-fold more membrane proteins compared to published results on hBM-MSC. A total of 84 CDs were identified including 14 CDs identified for the first time. This dataset can serve as a basis for further exploration of self-renewal, differentiation and characterization of hBM-MSC.
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79
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Nery AA, Nascimento IC, Glaser T, Bassaneze V, Krieger JE, Ulrich H. Human mesenchymal stem cells: from immunophenotyping by flow cytometry to clinical applications. Cytometry A 2012; 83:48-61. [PMID: 23027703 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern medicine will unequivocally include regenerative medicine as a major breakthrough in the re-establishment of damaged or lost tissues due to degenerative diseases or injury. In this scenario, millions of patients worldwide can have their quality of life improved by stem cell implantation coupled with endogenous secretion or administration of survival and differentiation promoting factors. Large efforts, relying mostly on flow cytometry and imaging techniques, have been put into cell isolation, immunophenotyping, and studies of differentiation properties of stem cells of diverse origins. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly relevant for therapy due to their simplicity of isolation. A minimal phenotypic pattern for the identification of MSCs cells requires them to be immunopositive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression, while being negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR and other surface markers. MSCs identified by their cell surface marker expression pattern can be readily purified from patient's bone marrow and adipose tissues. Following expansion and/or predifferentiation into a desired tissue type, stem cells can be reimplanted for tissue repair in the same patient, virtually eliminating rejection problems. Transplantation of MSCs is subject of almost 200 clinical trials to cure and treat a very broad range of conditions, including bone, heart, and neurodegenerative diseases. Immediate or medium term improvements of clinical symptoms have been reported as results of many clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Nery
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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80
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Brohlin M, Kingham PJ, Novikova LN, Novikov LN, Wiberg M. Aging effect on neurotrophic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45052. [PMID: 23028757 PMCID: PMC3444498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of stem cells for nerve repair is likely to be influenced by issues including donor age and in vitro expansion time. We isolated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow of young (16–18 years) and old (67–75 years) donors and analyzed their capacity to differentiate and promote neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Treatment of MSC with growth factors (forskolin, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor-AA and glial growth factor-2) induced protein expression of the glial cell marker S100 in cultures from young but not old donors. MSC expressed various neurotrophic factor mRNA transcripts. Growth factor treatment enhanced the levels of BDNF and VEGF transcripts with corresponding increases in protein release in both donor cell groups. MSC in co-culture with DRG neurons significantly enhanced total neurite length which, in the case of young but not old donors, was further potentiated by treatment of the MSC with the growth factors. Stem cells from young donors maintained their proliferation rate over a time course of 9 weeks whereas those from the old donors showed increased population doubling times. MSC from young donors, differentiated with growth factors after long-term culture, maintained their ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of DRG. Therefore, MSC isolated from young donors are likely to be a favourable cell source for nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Brohlin
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J. Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Liudmila N. Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N. Novikov
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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81
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Katayama A, Arano T, Sato T, Ikada Y, Yoshinari M. Radial-flow bioreactor enables uniform proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells throughout a three-dimensional scaffold. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:109-16. [PMID: 22834782 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from human bone marrow are pluripotent and have been expanded and differentiated into several kinds of mesodermal tissue in vitro. To create bioartificial tissues and organs for implantation, it is necessary to induce proliferation in such cells. In this study, a radial-flow bioreactor (RFB) was used to induce three-dimensional (3D) expansion of human MSCs (hMSCs) on a large scaffold. The effect of this expansion on cellular characteristics was investigated. To produce precultured sheets, the hMSCs were first seeded onto type 1 collagen sheets and incubated for 12 h, after which they were placed in the RFB for fabrication of scaffolds. The culture medium was circulated at 3 mL/min, and the cells were dynamically cultured for 1 week at 37°C. As a control, static cultivation in a culture dish was also carried out. Cellular expansion and characteristics were analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the hMSCs was also investigated after dynamic culture in an osteogenesis induction medium to explore their potential for osteogenic differentiation. At 1 week of dynamic cultivation, a >60% increase was observed in a number of cells together with a uniform distribution throughout the scaffolds compared with under static conditions; no change in hMSC markers was observed. The hMSCs retained the ability for osteogenic differentiation after culture in the RFB. The present results indicate that 3D dynamic culture in an RFB enables uniform expansion of hMSCs with no change in cellular characteristics, suggesting the usefulness of this technique in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Katayama
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Implants Research, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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82
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Faça VM. Human mesenchymal stromal cell proteomics: contribution for identification of new markers and targets for medicine intervention. Expert Rev Proteomics 2012; 9:217-30. [PMID: 22462791 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) have become of great interest for cell-based therapy owing to their roles in tissue repair and immune suppression. MSCs have the ability to differentiate into specialized tissues, including bone, cartilage and muscle, among several others. Furthermore, it has been found that MSCs can also serve as cellular factories that secrete mediators to stimulate in situ regeneration of injured tissues. Proteomics has contributed significantly to the identification of new proteins to improve cellular characterization of MSCs, to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention and to elucidate important pathways utilized by MSCs to differentiate into distinct tissues. As proteomics technology advances, several studies can be revisited and analyzed in depth, employing state-of-the-art approaches, helping to uncover the cellular mechanisms utilized by MSCs to exert their regenerative functionalities. In this article, we will review the progress made so far and discuss further opportunities for proteomics to contribute to the clinical applications of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Marcel Faça
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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83
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Hao L, Sun H, Wang J, Wang T, Wang M, Zou Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells for cell therapy: besides supporting hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:34-46. [PMID: 22183780 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians due to their self-renewal, capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. Some essential problems remain to be solved before the clinical application of MSC. Platelet lysate (PL) has recently been used as a substitute for FBS in MSC amplification in vitro to achieve clinically applicable numbers of MSC. In addition to promising trials in regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of major bone defects and myocardial infarction, MSC have shown therapeutic effect other than direct hematopoiesis support in hematopoietic reconstruction. It has been confirmed that MSC promote hematopoietic cell engraftment and immune recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, probably through the provision of cytokines, matrix proteins, and cell-to-cell contacts. Their suppressive effects on immune cells, including T cells, B cells, NK cells and DC cells, suggest MSCs as a novel therapy for GVHD and other autoimmune disorders. These cells thus present as promising candidates for cellular therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, No. 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing 400020, China
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