51
|
Ho YH, Méndez-Ferrer S. Microenvironmental contributions to hematopoietic stem cell aging. Haematologica 2020; 105:38-46. [PMID: 31806690 PMCID: PMC6939521 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging was originally thought to be essentially an HSC-autonomous process, which is the focus of another review in the same issue of Haematologica However, studies on the microenvironment that maintains and regulates HSC (HSC niche) over the past 20 years have suggested that microenvironmental aging contributes to declined HSC function over time. The HSC niches comprise a complex and dynamic molecular network of interactions across multiple cell types, including endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoblasts, adipocytes, neuroglial cells and mature hematopoietic cells. Upon aging, functional changes in the HSC niches, such as microenvironmental senescence, imbalanced bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation, vascular remodeling, changes in adrenergic signaling and inflammation, coordinately and dynamically influence the fate of HSC and their downstream progeny. The end result is lymphoid deficiency and myeloid skewing. During this process, aged HSC and their derivatives remodel the niche to favor myeloid expansion. Therefore, the crosstalk between HSC and the microenvironment is indispensable for the aging of the hematopoietic system and might represent a therapeutic target in age-related pathological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
ZHANG D, LIN J, WANG Y, XU S, LUO C, CAI J, JIANG X, PAN J. [Effects of resveratrol on aging of mesenchymal stem cells and its mechanism]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:617-624. [PMID: 31955535 PMCID: PMC10412953 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on aging of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and to explore its mechanism. METHODS MSCs were isolated from young SD rats and cultured in vitro. The optimal D-gal concentration for induction of MSCs senescence was determined. Then MSCs were randomly divided into four groups, namely the control group, 10μmol/L, 50μmol/L and 100μmol/L Res groups. After the cells were treated with different concentration of Res for 48 h, the senescence-associated changes were examined with senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining; the expression of p53, p16 and γ-H2AX was evaluated by Western blot. The total active oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. In order to assess the effect of Res on the mitochondrial function, MitoSox Red staining was used to detect mitochondrial ROS levels in each group, mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 assay, mPTP method was used to detect mitochondrial membrane channel opening level, and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of cytoplasmic cytochrome C (Cyt-C). RESULTS D-gal 10 and 50 g/L significantly increased the number of SA-β-gal positive cells and the level of mitochondrial ROS (all P<0.01). Therefore, 10 g/L D-gal was used to induce the senescence of MSCs in subsequent experiment. Compared with the control group, the number of SA-β-gal positive cells in Res groups significantly decreased (all P<0.01), the expression of p53, p16 and γ-H2AX decreased, and the total and mitochondrial ROS level also decreased (all P<0.01). Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential, open level of mitochondrial membrane channels and the levels of cytoplasm Cyt-C in the Res treatment groups decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol can protect the mitochondrial function of MSCs, and effectively delay the MSC senescence.
Collapse
|
53
|
Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 Attenuates Macrophage Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:4657928. [PMID: 31930149 PMCID: PMC6942849 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4657928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring in innate and adaptive immune systems, and macrophage aging plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunosenescence. However, function and polarization changes in aging macrophages have not been fully evaluated, and no effective method for delaying macrophage senescence is currently available. The results of this study reveal that D-galactose (D-gal) can promote J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce macrophage M1 polarization differentiation. Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 can significantly inhibit J774A.1 macrophage senescence induced by D-gal. IL-6 and IL-12 levels in the BB-12 groups remarkably decreased compared with that in the D-gal group, and the M2 marker, IL-10, and Arg-1 mRNA levels increased in the BB-12 group. BB-12 inhibited the expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and promoted p-STAT6 expression. In summary, the present study indicates that BB-12 can attenuate the J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce M2 macrophage polarization, thereby indicating the potential of BB-12 to slow down immunosenescence and inflamm-aging.
Collapse
|
54
|
Jothimani G, Di Liddo R, Pathak S, Piccione M, Sriramulu S, Banerjee A. Wnt signaling regulates the proliferation potential and lineage commitment of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1293-1308. [PMID: 31853765 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Relatively less is known about the interactions that tightly regulate the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to maintain their pluripotency. Recent studies reports that Wnt proteins might play an important role in governing the MSC cell fate. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Wnt proteins differentially regulate in vitro differentiation of human umbilical cord derived MSCs. Stromal cells from human umbilical cord (hUCMSCs) were isolated and treated with Wnt inhibitor/activator. FACS analysis of hUCMSCs for CD29, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD45 marker expression and gene expression of Wnt target genes and lineage specific genes were performed after Lithium Chloride (LiCl) and Quercetin treatment for 6 days. The cultured primary hUCMSCs demonstrated elevated MSC surface marker expression with clonogenic properties and differentiation potentials towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Downregulation in the expression of Wnt with Quercetin treatment was noted. LiCl treatment increased cellular proliferation but did not influence differentiation suggesting that the cells retain pluripotency whereas Quercetin treatment downregulated stemness markers, Wnt target gene expression and promoted osteogenesis as demonstrated by FACS analysis, calcium estimation and gene expression studies. Shift of differentiation potential after the inhibition of Wnt signaling by Quercetin was evident from the gene expression data and elevated calcium production, driving MSCs towards probable osteogenic lineage. The findings in particular are likely to open an interesting avenue of biomedical research, summarizing the impact of Wnt signaling on lineage commitment of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Jothimani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
New Insights for Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Herbal Medicine as Potential Therapeutic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4598167. [PMID: 31915506 PMCID: PMC6930799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4598167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive disease affecting around 900 million people worldwide, and in recent years, the mechanism of aging and aging-related diseases has been well studied. Treatments for aging-related diseases have also made progress. For the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases, herbal medicine is particularly suitable for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy and exosome interactions, mitochondrial injury, and telomerase damage, and summarize commonly used herbals and compounds concerned with the development of aging-related diseases, including Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Lycium barbarum, Rhodiola rosea, Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, resveratrol, curcumin, and flavonoids. We also summarize key randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine for aging-related diseases during the past ten years. Adverse reactions of herbs were also described. It is expected to provide new insights for slowing aging and treating aging-related diseases with herbal medicine.
Collapse
|
56
|
Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulating Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling on Neural Stem Cells to Delay Brain Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5010184. [PMID: 31885611 PMCID: PMC6914998 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study on the relationship between the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on senescent neural stem cells and Wnt-β/catenin signaling pathway. Background. Recent studies have shown that overactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to stem cell senescence. Whether Rg1 delays the senescence of NSCs is related to the regulation of this signaling pathway. Methods. The whole brain of Nestin-GFP transgenic newborn rat was extracted, and NSCs were extracted and cultured to P3 generation. The following indicators were detected: (1) NSC culture identification, (2) the effect of LiCl on the proliferation and survival rate of NSCs, (3) the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and survival of NSCs, (4) the growth of NSCs in each group observed by an optical microscope, (5) the cell cycle of each group detected by flow cytometry, (6) the proliferative ability of each group detected by BrdU, (7) the fluorescence intensity of Nestin and Sox2 of NSCs in each group observed by a fluorescence microscope, (8) the positive rate of senescence staining analyzed by SA-β-Gal staining, (9) the localization of β-catenin in NSCs observed by laser confocal microscopy, and (10) the changes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins in each group detected by Western blotting. Results. LiCl activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes mouse neural stem cell senescence. Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Conclusions. LiCl can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of NSCs, and ginsenoside Rg1 can antagonize the senescence of NSCs caused by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and delay brain aging.
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhang D, Chen Y, Xu X, Xiang H, Shi Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Li N, Pan J. Autophagy inhibits the mesenchymal stem cell aging induced by D-galactose through ROS/JNK/p38 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:466-477. [PMID: 31675454 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and cellular senescence are two critical responses of mammalian cells to stress and may have a direct relationship given that they respond to the same set of stimuli, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere shortening. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as reliable cell sources for stem cell transplantation and are currently being tested in numerous clinical trials. However, the effects of autophagy on MSC senescence and corresponding mechanisms have not been fully evaluated. Several studies demonstrated that autophagy level increases in aging MSCs and the downregulation of autophagy can delay MSC senescence, which is inconsistent with most studies that showed autophagy could play a protective role in stem cell senescence. To further study the relationship between autophagy and MSC senescence and explore the effects and mechanisms of premodulated autophagy on MSC senescence, we induced the up- or down-regulation of autophagy by using rapamycin (Rapa) or 3-methyladenine, respectively, before MSC senescence induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Results showed that pretreatment with Rapa for 24 hours remarkably alleviated MSC aging induced by D-gal and inhibited ROS generation. p-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p-38 expression were also clearly decreased in the Rapa group. Moreover, the protective effect of Rapa on MSC senescence can be abolished by enhancing the level of ROS, and p38 inhibitor can reverse the promoting effect of H2 O2 on MSC senescence. In summary, the present study indicates that autophagy plays a protective role in MSC senescence induced by D-gal, and ROS/JNK/p38 signalling plays an important mediating role in autophagy-delaying MSC senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyi Xiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People 's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kanjevac T, Gustafson C, Ivanovska A, Ravanetti F, Cacchioli A, Bosnakovski D. Inflammatory Cytokines and Biodegradable Scaffolds in Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Priming. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:320-326. [PMID: 30608044 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190103170109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with wide-ranging clinical applications due to their ability to regenerate tissue from mesenchymal origin and their capability of suppressing immune responses, thus reducing the likelihood of graft versus host disease after transplantation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of sources including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and immature teeth. Dental stem cells (DSCs) possess progenitor and immunomodulatory abilities as the other MSC types and because they can be easily isolated, are considered as attractive therapeutic agents in regenerative dentistry. Recently, it has been shown that DSCs seeded onto newly developed synthetic biomaterial scaffolds have retained their potential for proliferation and at the same time have enhanced capabilities for differentiation and immunosuppression. The scaffolds are becoming more efficient at MSC priming as researchers learn how short peptide sequences alter the adhesive and proliferative capabilities of the scaffolds by stimulating or inhibiting classical osteogenic pathways. New findings on how to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment, which can prime DSCs for differentiation, combined with the use of next generation scaffolds may significantly improve their therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize current findings regarding DSCs as a potential regenerative therapy, including stem cell priming with inflammatory cytokines, types of scaffolds currently being explored and the modulation of scaffolds to regulate immune response and promote growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kanjevac
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Collin Gustafson
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Ana Ivanovska
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Darko Bosnakovski
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Stip, R. Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Yao L, Yu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Ye L. DNA damage response manages cell cycle restriction of senile multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:809-818. [PMID: 31664596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are promising to treat a variety of traumatic and degenerative diseases. However, in vitro-passage aging induces cell cycle arrest and a series of genetic and biological changes, which greatly limits ex vivo cell number expansion and further clinical application of MMSCs. In most cases, DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) act as the main cause and executor of cellular senescence respectively. Mechanistically, DNA damage signals induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair via DDR. If the DNA damage is indelible, MMSCs would entry into a permanent cell cycle arrest. It should be noted that apart from DDR signaling, certain proliferation or metabolism pathways are also occupied in DNA damage related cell cycle arrest. New findings of these aspects will also be summarized in this study. In summary, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of DDR associated cell cycle regulation and other major molecular signaling in the senescence of MMSCs. Above knowledge could contribute to improve the limited capacity of in vitro expansion of MMSCs, and then promote their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
DNA damage in aging, the stem cell perspective. Hum Genet 2019; 139:309-331. [PMID: 31324975 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most consistent cellular process proposed to contribute to aging. The maintenance of genomic and epigenomic integrity is critical for proper function of cells and tissues throughout life, and this homeostasis is under constant strain from both extrinsic and intrinsic insults. Considering the relationship between lifespan and genotoxic burden, it is plausible that the longest-lived cellular populations would face an accumulation of DNA damage over time. Tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent populations residing in localized niches and are responsible for maintaining all lineages of their resident tissue/system throughout life. However, many of these stem cells are impacted by genotoxic stress. Several factors may dictate the specific stem cell population response to DNA damage, including the niche location, life history, and fate decisions after damage accrual. This leads to differential handling of DNA damage in different stem cell compartments. Given the importance of adult stem cells in preserving normal tissue function during an individual's lifetime, DNA damage sensitivity and accumulation in these compartments could have crucial implications for aging. Despite this, more support for direct functional effects driven by accumulated DNA damage in adult stem cell compartments is needed. This review will present current evidence for the accumulation and potential influence of DNA damage in adult tissue-specific stem cells and propose inquiry directions that could benefit individual healthspan.
Collapse
|
61
|
Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
LncRNAs Regulatory Networks in Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112615. [PMID: 31141943 PMCID: PMC6600251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no open reading frame. They play a key role in the regulation of cellular processes such as genome integrity, chromatin organization, gene expression, translation regulation, and signal transduction. Recent studies indicated that lncRNAs are not only dysregulated in different types of diseases but also function as direct effectors or mediators for many pathological symptoms. This review focuses on the current findings of the lncRNAs and their dysregulated signaling pathways in senescence. Different functional mechanisms of lncRNAs and their downstream signaling pathways are integrated to provide a bird’s-eye view of lncRNA networks in senescence. This review not only highlights the role of lncRNAs in cell fate decision but also discusses how several feedback loops are interconnected to execute persistent senescence response. Finally, the significance of lncRNAs in senescence-associated diseases and their therapeutic and diagnostic potentials are highlighted.
Collapse
|
63
|
Sharma M, Ross C, Srivastava S. Ally to adversary: mesenchymal stem cells and their transformation in leukaemia. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:139. [PMID: 31139016 PMCID: PMC6530176 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the key regulators of hematopoiesis. Owing to their dynamic nature; MSC differentiate into various lineages that further constitute the niche which are required for maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). A plethora of growth factors and cytokines secreted by MSC are essential for regulating the homeostasis within the niche in terms of cycling and quiescence of HSC. Additionally, there is a strong evidence suggesting the role of MSC in transformation of the niche to favour survival of leukemic cells. Regulation of HSC by MSC via BMP, Wnt, Notch and Sonic Hedgehog signalling has been well elaborated, however the modulation of MSC by HSC/LSC is yet unresolved. The cross talk between the HSC and MSC via paracrine or autocrine mechanisms is essential for the transformation. There are some reports implicating cell adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytokines; in modulation of MSC function and differentiation. The role of exosome mediated modulation has also been reported in the context of MSC transformation however, much needs to be done to understand this phenomenon in the present context. Similarly, the role of circulating nucleic acids, a well-studied molecular phenomenon in other tumours, requires attention in their potential role in crosstalk between MSC and HSC. This review underlines the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MSC and its transformation in diseased state, laying stress on developing further understanding of MSC regulation for development of the latter as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sharma
- 1Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Cecil Ross
- 1Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- 2Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lin H, Sohn J, Shen H, Langhans MT, Tuan RS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: Aging and tissue engineering applications to enhance bone healing. Biomaterials 2019; 203:96-110. [PMID: 29980291 PMCID: PMC6733253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone has well documented natural healing capacity that normally is sufficient to repair fractures and other common injuries. However, the properties of bone change throughout life, and aging is accompanied by increased incidence of bone diseases and compromised fracture healing capacity, which necessitate effective therapies capable of enhancing bone regeneration. The therapeutic potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone repair has been long proposed and examined. Actions of MSCs may include direct differentiation to become bone cells, attraction and recruitment of other cells, or creation of a regenerative environment via production of trophic growth factors. With systemic aging, MSCs also undergo functional decline, which has been well investigated in a number of recent studies. In this review, we first describe the changes in MSCs during aging and discuss how these alterations can affect bone regeneration. We next review current research findings on bone tissue engineering, which is considered a promising and viable therapeutic solution for structural and functional restoration of bone. In particular, the importance of MSCs and bioscaffolds is highlighted. Finally, potential approaches for the prevention of MSC aging and the rejuvenation of aged MSC are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - He Shen
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mark T Langhans
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Abstract
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by bone marrow failure and a strong propensity for leukemic evolution. Somatic mutations are critical early drivers of the disorder, but the factors enabling the emergence, selection, and subsequent leukemic evolution of these “leukemia-poised” clones remain incompletely understood. Emerging data point at the mesenchymal niche as a critical contributor to disease initiation and evolution. Disrupted inflammatory signaling from niche cells may facilitate the occurrence of somatic mutations, their selection, and subsequent clonal expansion. This review summarizes the current concepts about “niche-facilitated” bone marrow failure and leukemic evolution, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications for future innovative therapeutic targeting of the niche in MDS.
Collapse
|
66
|
Hu S, Yang L, Wu C, Liu TY. Regulation of Wnt signaling by physical exercise in the cell biological processes of the locomotor system. Physiol Int 2019; 106:1-20. [PMID: 30917670 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, researches on Wnt signaling in cell biology have made remarkable progress regarding our understanding of embryonic development, bone formation, muscle injury and repair, neurogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The study also showed that physical activity can reverse age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle, preventing osteoporosis, regenerative neurogenesis, hippocampal function, cognitive ability, and neuromuscular junction formation, and the age-dependent recession is highly correlated with Wnt signaling pathways. However, how the biological processes in cell and physical activity during/following exercise affect the Wnt signaling path of the locomotor system is largely unknown. In this study, we first briefly introduce the important features of the cellular biological processes of exercise in the locomotor system. Then, we discuss Wnt signaling and review the very few studies that have examined Wnt signaling pathways in cellular biological processes of the locomotor system during physical exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hu
- 1 College of Physical Education and Sports Science, HengYang Normal University , Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - L Yang
- 2 Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
| | - C Wu
- 3 Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Tc-Y Liu
- 3 Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Xue JJ, Zhang LY, Hou HJ, Li Y, Liang WS, Yang KH. Protective effect of propofol on hydrogen peroxide-induced human esophageal carcinoma via blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 21:1297-1304. [PMID: 30627375 PMCID: PMC6312680 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.29141.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): To analyze the potential influences of propofol on the oxidative stress of H2O2-induced human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) Eca109 cell through mediating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Materials and Methods: Eca109 cells were classified into 5 groups: Control group, H2O2 group, Propofol + H2O2 group, Dkk1 (Dickkopf-1, Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist) + H2O2 group, and Propofol + LiCl (Lithium chloride, Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist) + H2O2 group. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expressions, flow cytometry to measure the content of ROS, immunofluorescence staining to detect the oxidative DNA damage, as well as MTT, AnnexinV-FITC/PI, Wound-healing, and Transwell assays to test the biological characteristics of Eca109 cells. Results: H2O2 resulted in the increased nuclear and cytoplasmatic expression of β-catenin, reduced p-GSK3β expression, up-regulated ROS content, and induced oxidative DNA damage in Eca109 cells. Moreover, Eca109 cells treated with H2O2 alone had enhanced cell proliferation and metastasis but decreased cell apoptosis, as compared with those without any treatment; meanwhile, the declined Cyt C, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the elevated Bcl-2 were also observed in Eca109 cells in the H2O2 group, which were reversed by Propofol or Dkk1. Moreover, Propofol could inhibit the effect of LiCl on activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in H2O2-induced Eca109 cells. Conclusion: Propofol elicits protective effects to inhibit H2O2-induced proliferation and metastasis and promote apoptosis of Eca109 cells via blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, offering a possible therapeutic modality for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Xue
- Evidence Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | | | - Huai-Jing Hou
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | | | - Ke-Hu Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Wang Y, Chen S, Yan Z, Pei M. A prospect of cell immortalization combined with matrix microenvironmental optimization strategy for tissue engineering and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30627420 PMCID: PMC6321683 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major hurdle for primary cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Telomere erosion, oxidative stress, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes all may account for the cellular senescence process with the involvement of various signaling pathways. To establish immortalized cell lines for research and clinical use, strategies have been applied including internal genomic or external matrix microenvironment modification. Considering the potential risks of malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of genetic manipulation, environmental modification methods, especially the decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (dECM)-based preconditioning strategy, appear to be promising for tissue engineering-aimed cell immortalization. Due to few review articles focusing on this topic, this review provides a summary of cell senescence and immortalization and discusses advantages and limitations of tissue engineering and regeneration with the use of immortalized cells as well as a potential rejuvenation strategy through combination with the dECM approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Song Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083 Sichuan China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ming Pei
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,4WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Shimokawa T, Yoshida M, Fukuta T, Tanaka T, Inagi T, Kogure K. Efficacy of high-affinity liposomal astaxanthin on up-regulation of age-related markers induced by oxidative stress in human corneal epithelial cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:27-35. [PMID: 30705509 PMCID: PMC6348414 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreases in tear volume, unstable tear films and excessive tear evaporation are known to cause desiccation and hyperosmolar stress. These, in turn, induce oxidative stress that is thought to cause dry eye, which is also considered to be age-related disease. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induces up-regulation of age-related markers, and that the antioxidant astaxanthin prepared as a liposomal formulation may be a candidate for the treatment of dry eye. Herein, we examined age-related markers in an in vitro dry eye model, and evaluated the efficacy of high-affinity liposomes containing astaxanthin. The in vitro dry eye model showed desiccation time-dependent increases in reactive oxygen species. We confirmed the up-regulation of p53, p21 and p16 as a function of desiccation time. Pretreatment with both neutral and slightly-positively-charged astaxanthin liposomal formulations showed significant suppression of up-regulation of all markers, with the positively-charged liposomes exhibiting the greatest efficacy. Furthermore, positively-charged liposomes labeled with fluorescent dyes demonstrated much higher affinity to normal human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) than neutral liposomes. Taken together, we confirmed the up-regulation of age-related markers, especially p16, in an in vitro dry eye model, and demonstrated the potential of high-affinity liposomal astaxanthin for the treatment of dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuharu Shimokawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.,Fuji Research Laboratories Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Company, Ltd., 332-1 Ohnoshinden, Shizuoka 417-8650, Japan
| | - Mai Yoshida
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho 5, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Inagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Space radiation triggers persistent stress response, increases senescent signaling, and decreases cell migration in mouse intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9832-E9841. [PMID: 30275302 PMCID: PMC6196540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807522115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated epithelial cell migration is key to maintaining functional integrity and preventing pathological processes in gastrointestinal tissue, and is essential for astronauts’ health and space mission success. Here we show that energetic heavy ions, which are more prevalent in deep space relative to low-Earth orbit, could persistently decrease intestinal epithelial cell migration, alter cytoskeletal remodeling, and increase cell proliferation with ongoing DNA damage and cell senescence, even a year after irradiation. Our study has provided the molecular underpinnings for energetic heavy-ion 56Fe radiation-induced cell migration alterations, and raises a potentially serious concern, particularly for long-term deep-space manned missions. Proliferative gastrointestinal (GI) tissue is radiation-sensitive, and heavy-ion space radiation with its high-linear energy transfer (high-LET) and higher damaging potential than low-LET γ-rays is predicted to compromise astronauts’ GI function. However, much uncertainty remains in our understanding of how heavy ions affect coordinated epithelial cell migration and extrusion, which are essential for GI homeostasis. Here we show using mouse small intestine as a model and BrdU pulse labeling that cell migration along the crypt–villus axis is persistently decreased after a low dose of heavy-ion 56Fe radiation relative to control and γ-rays. Wnt/β-catenin and its downstream EphrinB/EphB signaling are key to intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and positioning during migration, and both are up-regulated after 56Fe radiation. Conversely, factors involved in cell polarity and adhesion and cell–extracellular matrix interactions were persistently down-regulated after 56Fe irradiation—potentially altering cytoskeletal remodeling and cell extrusion. 56Fe radiation triggered a time-dependent increase in γH2AX foci and senescent cells but without a noticeable increase in apoptosis. Some senescent cells acquired the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and this was accompanied by increased IEC proliferation, implying a role for progrowth inflammatory factors. Collectively, this study demonstrates a unique phenomenon of heavy-ion radiation-induced persistently delayed IEC migration involving chronic sublethal genotoxic and oncogenic stress-induced altered cytoskeletal dynamics, which were seen even a year later. When considered along with changes in barrier function and nutrient absorption factors as well as increased intestinal tumorigenesis, our in vivo data raise a serious concern for long-duration deep-space manned missions.
Collapse
|
71
|
Wu X, Zhou W, Wei Q, Chen P, Li Y. Cytoprotective effects of the medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus on lipopolysaccharide‑exposed cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4321-4327. [PMID: 30221731 PMCID: PMC6172384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, whose cytoprotective effects remain largely unknown. Here, the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to a human pulmonary type II-like epithelial lung adenocarcinoma cell line, a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line, and a human bladder carcinoma cell line to construct in vitro models of intracellular oxidative stress. The authors assayed the cellular and mitochondrial cytoprotective effects of varying doses of AM root extract upon these cell lines. The cell lines were cultured as follows: LPS-only group, four LPS+AM groups treated with various AM concentrations plus LPS, and an untreated control group. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis and cell cycle progression. A 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate assay was used to quantitate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψmit) was analyzed by Rhodamine 123 assay. Western blotting was performed to detect cleaved caspase-3, p53, and B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 levels. Across all cell lines, LPS significantly elevated apoptosis rates, shifted cells to S/G2 phase, increased ROS production, reduced Δψmit, upregulated cleaved caspase-3, upregulated p53, and downregulated Bcl-2 relative to controls (all P<0.05). As a general trend, increasing AM concentrations produced progressively greater reductions in the apoptosis rate, greater reductions in S/G2 phase %, greater reductions in ROS production, greater increases in Δψmit, greater reductions in cleaved caspase-3 and p53 expression, and greater increases in Bcl-2 expression. AM treatment protects human pulmonary and bladder epithelial cells, in addition to human endothelial cells, from LPS-induced apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Qingshuang Wei
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Hu C, Zhao L, Peng C, Li L. Regulation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Strategies to control mesenchymal stem cell fates ex vivo and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5196-5207. [PMID: 30160351 PMCID: PMC6201215 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly used in cell‐based regenerative medicine because of their self‐renewal and multilineage potencies in vitro and in vivo. To ensure sufficient amounts of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, cells are generally cultured in vitro for long‐term expansion or specific terminal differentiation until cell transplantation. Although physiologically up‐regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for maintenance of stem cell activities, abnormally high levels of ROS can harm MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, additional elucidation of the mechanisms by which physiological and pathological ROS are generated is necessary to better direct MSC fates and improve their therapeutic effects by controlling external ROS levels. In this review, we focus on the currently revealed ROS generation mechanisms and the regulatory routes for controlling their rates of proliferation, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. A promising strategy in future regenerative medicine involves regulating ROS generation via various means to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, thus improving the prognosis of patients with terminal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Cianflone E, Aquila I, Scalise M, Marotta P, Torella M, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Molecular basis of functional myogenic specification of Bona Fide multipotent adult cardiac stem cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:927-946. [PMID: 29862928 PMCID: PMC6103696 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1464852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains the developed world's number one killer. The improved survival from Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and the progressive aging of western population brought to an increased incidence of chronic Heart Failure (HF), which assumed epidemic proportions nowadays. Except for heart transplantation, all treatments for HF should be considered palliative because none of the current therapies can reverse myocardial degeneration responsible for HF syndrome. To stop the HF epidemic will ultimately require protocols to reduce the progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and to foster their regeneration. It is now generally accepted that mammalian CMs renew throughout life. However, this endogenous regenerative reservoir is insufficient to repair the extensive damage produced by AMI/IHD while the source and degree of CM turnover remains strongly disputed. Independent groups have convincingly shown that the adult myocardium harbors bona-fide tissue specific cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Unfortunately, recent reports have challenged the identity and the endogenous myogenic capacity of the c-kit expressing CSCs. This has hampered progress and unless this conflict is settled, clinical tests of repair/regenerative protocols are unlikely to provide convincing answers about their clinical potential. Here we review recent data that have eventually clarified the specific phenotypic identity of true multipotent CSCs. These cells when coaxed by embryonic cardiac morphogens undergo a precisely orchestrated myogenic commitment process robustly generating bona-fide functional cardiomyocytes. These data should set the path for the revival of further investigation untangling the regenerative biology of adult CSCs to harness their potential for HF prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iolanda Aquila
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania Campus “Salvatore Venuta” Viale Europa- Loc. Germaneto “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
Stem cell aging is a process in which stem cells progressively lose their ability to self-renew or differentiate, succumb to senescence or apoptosis, and eventually become functionally depleted. Unresolved oxidative stress and concomitant oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates have been recognized to contribute to stem cell aging. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient cellular antioxidant reserves compromise cell repair and metabolic homeostasis, which serves as a mechanistic switch for a variety of aging-related pathways. Understanding the molecular trigger, regulation, and outcomes of those signaling networks is critical for developing novel therapies for aging-related diseases by targeting stem cell aging. Here we explore the key features of stem cell aging biology, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress in the aging process at the molecular level. As a concept of cytoprotection of stem cells in transplantation, we also discuss how systematic enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity before or during graft into tissues can potentially raise the efficacy of clinical therapy. Finally, future directions for elucidating the control of oxidative stress and developing preventive/curative strategies against stem cell aging are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,2 Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 3 GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Umbayev B, Masoud AR, Tsoy A, Alimbetov D, Olzhayev F, Shramko A, Kaiyrlykyzy A, Safarova Y, Davis T, Askarova S. Elevated levels of the small GTPase Cdc42 induces senescence in male rat mesenchymal stem cells. Biogerontology 2018; 19:287-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
76
|
Yang M, Teng S, Ma C, Yu Y, Wang P, Yi C. Ascorbic acid inhibits senescence in mesenchymal stem cells through ROS and AKT/mTOR signaling. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1301-1313. [PMID: 29777434 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aging seriously affects its function in stem cell transplantation for treatment. Extensive studies have focused on how to inhibit senescence in MSCs. However, the mechanism of senescence in MSC was not clear. In this study, we used D-galactose to induce MSC aging. Then we found that the number of aging cells was increased compared with untreated MSCs. We discovered that ascorbic acid could inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of AKT/mTOR signaling in MSCs caused by D-galactose. Especially, when treated together with a ROS scavenger or AKT inhibitor, the senescent cells were obviously decreased in D-galactose-induced MSCs. Taken together, we identify that ascorbic acid owns the potential to inhibit the senescence of MSCs through ROS and Akt/mTOR signaling. Together, our data supports that ascorbic acid can be used to prevent MSCs from senescence, which can enhance the efficiency of stem cell transplantation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Songsong Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chengqing Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
The positive effect of chick embryo and nutrient mixture on bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells from aging rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7051. [PMID: 29728592 PMCID: PMC5935737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of many mammalian tissues is associated with loss of functional adult stem cells, especially bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study was aimed to analyze the biological effect of chick embryo (CE) and nutrient mixture (NM) on the BMSCs of aging rats. The aging rat model was established to be induced by D-galactose (500 mg/kg/d) for 90 days. Meanwhile, aging rats were fed with CE and NM in different dose manner by intragastric administration. At the end of the experimental period, serum was collected from rats and used for BMSCs culture. Flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate the BMSCs surface markers. Alizarin Red and oil red O staining were performed to evaluate the multi-lineage differentiation of BMSCs. The results showed that CE plus NM increased the telomere length of BMSCs and promoted BMSCs proliferation. Moreover, CE plus NM administration promoted BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and suppressed differentiation into adipocytes. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that there were 326 genes were up-regulated and 59 genes were down-regulated in BMSCs of aging rats treated with CE plus NM. In conclusion, CE plus NM supplement had potential to delay aging through the recovery of BMSCs senescence and could be used as a safe effective approach for nutritional therapy of anti-aging.
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represent a significant and increasing health burden. Current therapies are largely symptomatic, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Aging has emerged as a contributing factor for the development of both IPF and COPD because their prevalence increases with age, and several pathological features of these diseases resemble classical hallmarks of aging. Aging is thought to be driven in part by aberrant activity of developmental signaling pathways that thus might drive pathological changes, a process termed antagonistic pleiotropy or developmental drift. The developmental WNT pathway is fundamental for lung development, and altered WNT activity has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of CLD, in particular to COPD and IPF. Although to date only limited data on WNT signaling during lung aging exist, WNT signal regulation during aging and its effects on age-related pathologies in other organs have recently been investigated. In this review, we discuss evidence of dysregulated WNT signaling in CLD in the context of WNT signal alteration in organ aging and its potential impact on age-related cellular mechanisms, such as senescence or stem cell exhaustion.
Collapse
|
79
|
The involvement of serum exosomal miR-500-3p and miR-770-3p in aging: modulation by calorie restriction. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5578-5587. [PMID: 29464019 PMCID: PMC5814159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a role for miRNAs in aging and age-related diseases, and the modulation of miRNA expression by diet attracts attention as a new therapeutic strategy. Here, we focused on identifying specific exosomal miRNAs derived from serum of aged rats and the effect of short-term calorie restriction (CR) on their expression. Exosomes from serum of young (7-month), old (22-month), and old-CR Sprague Dawley rats were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy analyses, dynamic light scattering measurements, and Western blotting. A total of 12 significantly expressed miRNAs in serum exosomes of young and old rats were identified by next generation sequencing. After analysis of qRT-PCR, we found that miR-500-3p and miR-770-3p expression was significantly upregulated by aging and downregulated by CR. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the selected miRNAs represented high accuracy in discriminating old rats from young rats. Finally, PANTHER analysis predicted selected miRNAs targets genes involved in Wnt/chemokines and cytokines -related inflammatory signaling pathway and function as transcription factor. In conclusion, our results suggest that the expression of serum exosomal miR-500-3p and miR-770-3p was significantly increased with aging, whereas these were decreased by CR, and age-/CR-modulated exosomal miR-500-3p and miR-770-3p could potentially be used as informative biomarkers candidates for aging.
Collapse
|
80
|
Hwang ES, Ok JS, Song S. Chemical and Physical Approaches to Extend the Replicative and Differentiation Potential of Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:315-26. [PMID: 27085715 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are increasing in regenerative medicine, with applications to a growing number of aging-associated dysfunctions and degenerations. For successful therapies, a certain mass of cells is needed, requiring extensive ex vivo expansion of the cells. However, the proliferation of both MSCs and EPCs is limited as a result of telomere shortening-induced senescence. As cells approach senescence, their proliferation slows down and differentiation potential decreases. Therefore, ways to delay senescence and extend the replicative lifespan these cells are needed. Certain proteins and pathways play key roles in determining the replicative lifespan by regulating ROS generation, damage accumulation, or telomere shortening. And, their agonists and gene activators exert positive effects on lifespan. In many of the treatments, importantly, the lifespan is extended with the retention of differentiation potential. Furthermore, certain culture conditions, including the use of specific atmospheric conditions and culture substrates, exert positive effects on not only the proliferation rate, but also the extent of proliferation and differentiation potential as well as lineage determination. These strategies and known underlying mechanisms are introduced in this review, with an evaluation of their pros and cons in order to facilitate safe and effective MSC expansion ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdaero 163, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Soo Ok
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdaero 163, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonBeom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdaero 163, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Zhang Z, Lei M, Xin H, Hu C, Yang T, Xing Y, Li Y, Guo H, Lian X, Deng F. Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes aging-associated hair graying in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69316-69327. [PMID: 29050206 PMCID: PMC5642481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canities is an obvious sign of aging in mouse and human, shown as hair graying. Melanocytes in the hair follicle show cyclic activity with hair cycling, which transitions from anagen, catagen to telogen. How the hairs turn gray during aging is not completely uncovered. Here, by using immunostaining and LacZ staining in Dct-LacZ mice, we show that β-catenin is expressed in melanocytes during hair cycling. RT-PCR, western blot and immunostaining show that β-catenin expression is significantly increased in both anagen and telogen skin of aged mice, when compared to the anagen and telogen skin of young mice, respectively. Overexpression of Wnt10b not only accelerates hair follicle to enter anagen phase, but also promotes melanocytes differentiation in young adult mice (2-month old), with increased β-catenin expression in melanocytes at the secondary hair germ and matrix region of regenerated hair follicles. Overexpression of Wnt10b also promotes melanocyte progenitor cells differentiation in vitro. Our data suggest that increased Wnt signaling promotes excessive differentiation of melanocytes, leading to exhaustion of melanocyte stem cells and eventually canities in aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,"111" Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair & Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of New Drug Development, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Student Brigade Camp 3, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ascher K, Elliot SJ, Rubio GA, Glassberg MK. Lung Diseases of the Elderly: Cellular Mechanisms. Clin Geriatr Med 2017; 33:473-490. [PMID: 28991645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lung aging is characterized by molecular and cellular changes in multiple lung cell populations. These changes include shorter telomeres, increased expression of cellular senescence markers, increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stem cell exhaustion. Aging, combined with the loss of protective repair processes, correlates with the development and incidence of chronic respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ultimately, it is the interplay of age-related changes in biology and the subsequent responses to environmental exposures that largely define the physiology and clinical course of the aging lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kori Ascher
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 Northwest 10th Avenue RMSB 7056 (D-60), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gustavo A Rubio
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 Northwest 10th Avenue RMSB 7056 (D-60), Miami, FL 33136, USA; DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Neves J, Sousa-Victor P, Jasper H. Rejuvenating Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:161-175. [PMID: 28157498 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of tissue regeneration and the development of efficient approaches to induce and differentiate pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement therapies promise exciting avenues for treating degenerative age-related diseases. However, clinical studies and insights from model organisms have identified major roadblocks that normal aging processes impose on tissue regeneration. These new insights suggest that specific targeting of environmental niche components, including growth factors, ECM, and immune cells, and intrinsic stem cell properties that are affected by aging will be critical for the development of new strategies to improve stem cell function and optimize tissue repair processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Neves
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Whole-genome DNA methylation status associated with clinical PTSD measures of OIF/OEF veterans. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1169. [PMID: 28696412 PMCID: PMC5538114 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging knowledge suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pathophysiology is linked to the patients' epigenetic changes, but comprehensive studies examining genome-wide methylation have not been performed. In this study, we examined genome-wide DNA methylation in peripheral whole blood in combat veterans with and without PTSD to ascertain differentially methylated probes. Discovery was initially made in a training sample comprising 48 male Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans with PTSD and 51 age/ethnicity/gender-matched combat-exposed PTSD-negative controls. Agilent whole-genome array detected ~5600 differentially methylated CpG islands (CpGI) annotated to ~2800 differently methylated genes (DMGs). The majority (84.5%) of these CpGIs were hypermethylated in the PTSD cases. Functional analysis was performed using the DMGs encoding the promoter-bound CpGIs to identify networks related to PTSD. The identified networks were further validated by an independent test set comprising 31 PTSD+/29 PTSD- veterans. Targeted bisulfite sequencing was also used to confirm the methylation status of 20 DMGs shown to be highly perturbed in the training set. To improve the statistical power and mitigate the assay bias and batch effects, a union set combining both training and test set was assayed using a different platform from Illumina. The pathways curated from this analysis confirmed 65% of the pool of pathways mined from training and test sets. The results highlight the importance of assay methodology and use of independent samples for discovery and validation of differentially methylated genes mined from whole blood. Nonetheless, the current study demonstrates that several important epigenetically altered networks may distinguish combat-exposed veterans with and without PTSD.
Collapse
|
86
|
Zhang D, Lu H, Chen Z, Wang Y, Lin J, Xu S, Zhang C, Wang B, Yuan Z, Feng X, Jiang X, Pan J. High glucose induces the aging of mesenchymal stem cells via Akt/mTOR signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1685-1690. [PMID: 28656269 PMCID: PMC5562095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that glucose is important in the process of stem cell aging. However, the mechanisms of cell senescence induced by high glucose (HG) remain to be elucidated. The preliminary study indicated that D-galactose induced mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) aging. The present study demonstrated, following treatment with 11.0 or 22.0 mM HG for 14 days, that HG significantly promoted MSCs aging and the expression levels of phosphorylated (p-)phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) and p-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling (mTOR) in the HG groups were increased compared with the control group. However, following Akt inhibition with 1.0 or 10.0 nM MK-2206, which is an Akt-specific small molecule inhibitor, the senescence-cell value in the HG group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. These results indicated that HG induced MSCs senescence and this effect was primarily mediated via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Huifei Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxing Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yayan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Jiuzhou Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhanggen Yuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Chen H, Wang X, Han J, Fan Z, Sadia S, Zhang R, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wu Y. AKT and its related molecular feature in aged mice skin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178969. [PMID: 28591208 PMCID: PMC5462418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that Akt signaling promotes tissue regeneration and decreased Akt activities are found in aged tissues. However, this study finds that the expression and activation levels of Akt in the mice skin increased with age. Additionally, the expression levels of Pten, p16, p21 and p53 also elevated with increased age. Immuno-fluorescence analysis showed that Akt phosphorylation found in the epidermal cells (with increased levels of NF-κB activation) were also found. In vivo inhibition of AKT activity result in reduced NF-κB activation. Our results suggest that increasing Akt/ NF-κB is a crucial mediator of skin aging, which can increase the susceptibility of cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jimin Han
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimeng Fan
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sobia Sadia
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingsheng Guo
- The Second People’s Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (YJW); (YYJ)
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (YJW); (YYJ)
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Zheng QQ, Zhao YS, Guo J, Zhao SD, Song LX, Fei CM, Zhang Z, Li X, Chang CK. Iron overload promotes erythroid apoptosis through regulating HIF-1a/ROS signaling pathway in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2017; 58:55-62. [PMID: 28460338 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid apoptosis increases significantly in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with iron overload, but the underlying mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of HIF-1a/ROS on erythroid apoptosis in MDS patients with iron overload. We found that iron overload injured cellular functions through up-regulating ROS levels in MDS/AML cells, including inhibited cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Interestingly, overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), which was under-expressed in iron overload models, reduced ROS levels and attenuated cell damage caused by iron overload in MDS/AML cells. And gene knockdown of HIF-1a got the similar results as iron overload in MDS/AML cells. Furthermore, iron overload caused high erythroid apoptosis was closely related with ROS in MDS patients. Importantly, the HIF-1a protein levels of erythrocytes elevated obviously after incubation with desferrioxamine (DFO) from MDS patients with iron overload, accompanied by ROS levels inhibited and erythroid apoptosis reduced. Taken together, our findings determine that the HIF-1a/ROS signaling pathway plays a key role in promoting erythroid apoptosis in MDS patients with iron overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Si-da Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Reactive oxygen species mediated T lymphocyte abnormalities in an iron-overloaded mouse model and iron-overloaded patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1085-1095. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
90
|
Xie H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Lei Q, Zhao A, Wang H, Li Q, Cao Y, Jie Zhang W, Chen Z. Extracellular Vesicle-functionalized Decalcified Bone Matrix Scaffolds with Enhanced Pro-angiogenic and Pro-bone Regeneration Activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45622. [PMID: 28367979 PMCID: PMC5377422 DOI: 10.1038/srep45622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is crucial for bone regeneration after the transplantation of tissue-engineered bone grafts in the clinical setting. Growing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potently pro-angiogenic both in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we fabricated a novel EV-functionalized scaffold with enhanced pro-angiogenic and pro-bone regeneration activities by coating decalcified bone matrix (DBM) with MSC-derived EVs. EVs were harvested from rat bone marrow-derived MSCs and the pro-angiogenic potential of EVs was investigated in vitro. DBM scaffolds were then coated with EVs, and the modification was verified by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Next, the pro-angiogenic and pro-bone regeneration activities of EV-modified scaffolds were evaluated in a subcutaneous bone formation model in nude mice. Micro-computed tomography scanning analysis showed that EV-modified scaffolds with seeded cells enhanced bone formation. Enhanced bone formation was confirmed by histological analysis. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 proved that EV-modified scaffolds promoted vascularization in the grafts, thereby enhancing bone regeneration. This novel scaffold modification method provides a promising way to promote vascularization, which is essential for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Central Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434020, P. R. China
| | - Qian Lei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Aiqi Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430012, P. R. China
| | - Qiubai Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Serebryannyy LA, Yemelyanov A, Gottardi CJ, de Lanerolle P. Nuclear α-catenin mediates the DNA damage response via β-catenin and nuclear actin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1717-1729. [PMID: 28348105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin is an F-actin-binding protein widely recognized for its role in cell-cell adhesion. However, a growing body of literature indicates that α-catenin is also a nuclear protein. In this study, we show that α-catenin is able to modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage and toxicity. Furthermore, nuclear α-catenin is actively recruited to sites of DNA damage. This recruitment occurs in a β-catenin-dependent manner and requires nuclear actin polymerization. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the WNT-mediated regulation of the DNA damage response and suggest a novel role for the α-catenin-β-catenin complex in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Wang QL, Wang HJ, Li ZH, Wang YL, Wu XP, Tan YZ. Mesenchymal stem cell-loaded cardiac patch promotes epicardial activation and repair of the infarcted myocardium. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1751-1766. [PMID: 28244640 PMCID: PMC5571540 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac patch is considered a promising strategy for enhancing stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms for cardiac patch repairing infarcted myocardium remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of PCL/gelatin patch loaded with MSCs on activating endogenous cardiac repair. PCL/gelatin patch was fabricated by electrospun. The patch enhanced the survival of the seeded MSCs and their HIF-1α, Tβ4, VEGF and SDF-1 expression and decreased CXCL14 expression in hypoxic and serum-deprived conditions. In murine MI models, the survival and distribution of the engrafted MSCs and the activation of the epicardium were examined, respectively. At 4 weeks after transplantation of the cell patch, the cardiac functions were significantly improved. The engrafted MSCs migrated across the epicardium and into the myocardium. Tendency of HIF-1α, Tβ4, VEGF, SDF-1 and CXCL14 expression in the infarcted myocardium was similar with expression in vitro. The epicardium was activated and epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) migrated into deep tissue. The EPDCs differentiated into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and some of EPDCs showed to have differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Density of blood and lymphatic capillaries increased significantly. More c-kit+ cells were recruited into the infarcted myocardium after transplantation of the cell patch. The results suggest that epicardial transplantation of the cell patch promotes repair of the infarcted myocardium and improves cardiac functions by enhancing the survival of the transplanted cells, accelerating locality paracrine, and then activating the epicardium and recruiting endogenous c-kit+ cells. Epicardial transplantation of the cell patch may be applied as a novel effective MI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Li Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Jie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ping Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
The crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with DNA damage response and oxidative stress: Implications in cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 51:14-19. [PMID: 28108274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for maintaining genomic integrity in cells. The dependence of cancer cell survival on proper DNA repair provides an opportunity to treat defective tumors by DNA damaging agents. Not only Wnt signaling has important functions in controlling gene expression, as well as cell polarity, adhesion and behavior, it also highly interacts with DNA damage response (DDR) in different levels. Furthermore, oxidative stress, which is responsible for majority of DNA lesions, affects Wnt signaling in different ways. A better understanding of the cross-talk between these pathways and events could provide strategies for treatment of cancer cells with deficient DNA repair capacity. As such, we will give a brief overview of the importance of the DNA repair machinery, signaling mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and DDR. We will further review the interactions between Wnt signaling and DDR, and the impact of oxidative stress on Wnt signaling. Finally, Wnt signaling is discussed as a potential treatment strategy for cancer.
Collapse
|
94
|
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Inhibits Apoptosis and Promotes Proliferation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Cellular Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3027109. [PMID: 28168007 PMCID: PMC5267085 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3027109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting increasing number of people in developed countries. Therefore new strategies for treatment of T2D and its complications are of special interest. Nowadays, cellular therapies involving mesenchymal stromal cells that reside in adipose tissue (ASCs) constitute a promising approach; however, there are still many obstacles concerning safety and effectiveness that need to be overcome before ASCs could be engaged for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. One of the challenges is preventing ASCs from deterioration caused by elevated oxidative stress present in diabetes milieu. In the current study we investigated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment on ASCs isolated from patients with diagnosed T2D. We demonstrate here that cell exposition to bFGF in 5 and 10 ng/mL dosages results in improved morphology, increased proliferative activity, reduced cellular senescence and apoptosis, and decreased oxidative stress, indicating recovery of ASCs' function impaired by T2D. Therefore our results provide a support for bFGF as a potential therapeutic agent for improving stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Collapse
|
95
|
Kim JH, Lee HS, Choi HK, Kim JA, Chu IS, Leem SH, Oh IH. Heterogeneous Niche Activity of Ex-Vivo Expanded MSCs as Factor for Variable Outcomes in Hematopoietic Recovery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168036. [PMID: 28030562 PMCID: PMC5193420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-vivo expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used for paracrine support of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration, but inconsistent outcomes have hindered ongoing clinical trials. Here, we show that significant heterogeneity in the niche activity of MSCs is created during their culture in various serum-supplemented media. The MSCs cultured under stimulatory or non-stimulatory culture conditions exhibited differences in colony forming unit-fibroblast contents, expression levels of cross-talk molecules (Jagged-1 and CXCL-12) and their support for HSC self-renewal. Accordingly, the enhancing effects of MSCs on hematopoietic engraftment were only visible when HSCs were co-transplanted with MSCs under stimulatory conditions. Of note, these differences in MSCs and their effects on HSCs were readily reversed by switching the cultures, indicating that the difference in niche activity can be caused by distinct functional state, rather than by clonal heterogeneity. Supporting the findings, transcriptomic analysis showed distinct upstream signaling pathways such as inhibition of P53 and activation of ER-stress response gene ATF4 for MSCs under stimulatory conditions. Taken together, our study shows that the niche activity of MSCs can vary rapidly by the extrinsic cues during culture causing variable outcomes in hematopoietic recoveries, and point to the possibility that MSCs can be pre-screened for more predictable efficacy in various cell therapy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sun Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Choi
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A university, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Sisakhtnezhad S, Alimoradi E, Akrami H. External factors influencing mesenchymal stem cell fate in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:13-33. [PMID: 27988106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have extensive potentials, which make them attractive candidates for the developmental biology, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. However, the use of MSCs is limited by their scarceness in tissues and in culture conditions. They also exhibit various degrees of potency which subsequently influencing their applications. Nowadays, questions remain about how self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs can be controlled in vitro and in vivo, how they will behave and migrate to the right place and how they modulate the immune system. Therefore, identification of factors and culture conditions to affect the fate and function of MSCs may be effective to enhance their applications in clinical situations. Studies have indicated that the fate of MSCs in culture is influenced by various external factors, including the specific cell source, donor age, plating density, passage number and plastic surface quality. Some other factors such as cell culture media and their supplementary factors, O2 concentration, mechano-/electro-stimuli and three-dimensional scaffolds are also shown to be influential. This review addresses the current state of MSC research for describing and discussing the findings about external factors that influence the fate and function of MSCs. Additionally, the new discoveries and suggestions regarding their molecular mechanisms will be explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Alimoradi
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Kovtonyuk LV, Fritsch K, Feng X, Manz MG, Takizawa H. Inflamm-Aging of Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2016; 7:502. [PMID: 27895645 PMCID: PMC5107568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All hematopoietic and immune cells are continuously generated by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through highly organized process of stepwise lineage commitment. In the steady state, HSCs are mostly quiescent, while HPCs are actively proliferating and contributing to daily hematopoiesis. In response to hematopoietic challenges, e.g., life-threatening blood loss, infection, and inflammation, HSCs can be activated to proliferate and engage in blood formation. The HSC activation induced by hematopoietic demand is mediated by direct or indirect sensing mechanisms involving pattern recognition receptors or cytokine/chemokine receptors. In contrast to the hematopoietic challenges with obvious clinical symptoms, how the aging process, which involves low-grade chronic inflammation, impacts hematopoiesis remains undefined. Herein, we summarize recent findings pertaining to functional alternations of hematopoiesis, HSCs, and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment during the processes of aging and inflammation and highlight some common cellular and molecular changes during the processes that influence hematopoiesis and its cells of origin, HSCs and HPCs, as well as the BM microenvironment. We also discuss how age-dependent alterations of the immune system lead to subclinical inflammatory states and how inflammatory signaling might be involved in hematopoietic aging. Our aim is to present evidence supporting the concept of “Inflamm-Aging,” or inflammation-associated aging of hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Kovtonyuk
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kristin Fritsch
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Markus G Manz
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Li GW, Yang XF, Fu N, Ou-Yang Y, Qing K. Relation Between Cellular Senescence and Liver Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 31:121-126. [PMID: 28031101 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(16)30036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to a process that cellular proliferation and differentiation modulated by the multiple stimulating factors gradually decline. Aging cells present the irreversible stop of proliferation and differentiation and change in secretory function because the cell cycle of aging cells is steadily blocked at some point. It has have been shown that cellular senescence plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. In this paper, we review the advances in relations between cellular senescence and liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Ou-Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated NanhuaHospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Wang X, Ma S, Meng N, Yao N, Zhang K, Li Q, Zhang Y, Xing Q, Han K, Song J, Yang B, Guan F. Resveratrol Exerts Dosage-Dependent Effects on the Self-Renewal and Neural Differentiation of hUC-MSCs. Mol Cells 2016; 39:418-25. [PMID: 27109421 PMCID: PMC4870190 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) plays a critical role in the fate of cells and longevity of animals via activation of the sirtuins1 (SIRT1) gene. In the present study, we intend to investigate whether RES could promote the self-renewal and neural-lineage differentiation in human umbilical cord derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) in vitro at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM, and whether it exerts the effects by modulating the SIRT1 signaling. Herein, we demonstrated that RES at the concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 2.5 μM could promote cell viability and proliferation, mitigate senescence and induce expression of SIRT1 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) while inhibit the expression of p53 and p16. However, the effects were reversed by 5 and 10 μM of RES. Furthermore, RES could promote neural differentiation in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by morphological changes and expression of neural markers (Nestin, βIII-tubulin and NSE), as well as pro-neural transcription factors Neurogenin (Ngn)1, Ngn2 and Mash1. Taken together, RES exerts a dosage-dependent effect on the self-renewal and neural differentiation of hUC-MSCs via SIRT1 signaling. The current study provides a new strategy to regulate the fate of hUC-MSCs and suggests a more favorable in vitro cell culture conditions for hUC-MSCs-based therapies for some intractable neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province,
China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Nan Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province,
China
| | - Ning Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Qu Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Kang Han
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Jishi Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| | - Bo Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province,
China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province,
China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province,
China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
GU YAJUN, LI TAO, DING YANLING, SUN LINGXIAN, TU TAO, ZHU WEI, HU JIABO, SUN XIAOCHUN. Changes in mesenchymal stem cells following long-term culture in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5207-15. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|