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Tempest GD, Davranche K, Brisswalter J, Perrey S, Radel R. The differential effects of prolonged exercise upon executive function and cerebral oxygenation. Brain Cogn 2017; 113:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tak S, Uga M, Flandin G, Dan I, Penny WD. Sensor space group analysis for fNIRS data. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 264:103-112. [PMID: 26952847 PMCID: PMC4840017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a method for monitoring hemoglobin responses using optical probes placed on the scalp. fNIRS spatial resolution is limited by the distance between channels defined as a pair of source and detector, and channel positions are often inconsistent across subjects. These challenges can lead to less accurate estimate of group level effects from channel-specific measurements. NEW METHOD This paper addresses this shortcoming by applying random-effects analysis using summary statistics to interpolated fNIRS topographic images. Specifically, we generate individual contrast images containing the experimental effects of interest in a canonical scalp surface. Random-effects analysis then allows for making inference about the regionally specific effects induced by (potentially) multiple experimental factors in a population. RESULTS We illustrate the approach using experimental data acquired during a colour-word matching Stroop task, and show that left frontopolar regions are significantly activated in a population during Stroop effects. This result agrees with previous neuroimaging findings. COMPARED WITH EXISTING METHODS The proposed methods (i) address potential misalignment of sensor locations between subjects using spatial interpolation; (ii) produce experimental effects of interest either on a 2D regular grid or on a 3D triangular mesh, both representations of a canonical scalp surface; and (iii) enables one to infer population effects from fNIRS data using a computationally efficient summary statistic approach (random-effects analysis). Significance of regional effects is assessed using random field theory. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we have shown how fNIRS data from multiple subjects can be analysed in sensor space using random-effects analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tak
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - M Uga
- Jichi Medical University, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Chuo University, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - G Flandin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - I Dan
- Jichi Medical University, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Chuo University, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - W D Penny
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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van de Rijt LPH, van Opstal AJ, Mylanus EAM, Straatman LV, Hu HY, Snik AFM, van Wanrooij MM. Temporal Cortex Activation to Audiovisual Speech in Normal-Hearing and Cochlear Implant Users Measured with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:48. [PMID: 26903848 PMCID: PMC4750083 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speech understanding may rely not only on auditory, but also on visual information. Non-invasive functional neuroimaging techniques can expose the neural processes underlying the integration of multisensory processes required for speech understanding in humans. Nevertheless, noise (from functional MRI, fMRI) limits the usefulness in auditory experiments, and electromagnetic artifacts caused by electronic implants worn by subjects can severely distort the scans (EEG, fMRI). Therefore, we assessed audio-visual activation of temporal cortex with a silent, optical neuroimaging technique: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). METHODS We studied temporal cortical activation as represented by concentration changes of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin in four, easy-to-apply fNIRS optical channels of 33 normal-hearing adult subjects and five post-lingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users in response to supra-threshold unisensory auditory and visual, as well as to congruent auditory-visual speech stimuli. RESULTS Activation effects were not visible from single fNIRS channels. However, by discounting physiological noise through reference channel subtraction (RCS), auditory, visual and audiovisual (AV) speech stimuli evoked concentration changes for all sensory modalities in both cohorts (p < 0.001). Auditory stimulation evoked larger concentration changes than visual stimuli (p < 0.001). A saturation effect was observed for the AV condition. CONCLUSIONS Physiological, systemic noise can be removed from fNIRS signals by RCS. The observed multisensory enhancement of an auditory cortical channel can be plausibly described by a simple addition of the auditory and visual signals with saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk P H van de Rijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A John van Opstal
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel A M Mylanus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Louise V Straatman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hai Yin Hu
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ad F M Snik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marc M van Wanrooij
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University NijmegenNijmegen, Netherlands
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Sutoko S, Sato H, Maki A, Kiguchi M, Hirabayashi Y, Atsumori H, Obata A, Funane T, Katura T. Tutorial on platform for optical topography analysis tools. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:010801. [PMID: 26788547 PMCID: PMC4707558 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.1.010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical topography/functional near-infrared spectroscopy (OT/fNIRS) is a functional imaging technique that noninvasively measures cerebral hemoglobin concentration changes caused by neural activities. The fNIRS method has been extensively implemented to understand the brain activity in many applications, such as neurodisorder diagnosis and treatment, cognitive psychology, and psychiatric status evaluation. To assist users in analyzing fNIRS data with various application purposes, we developed a software called platform for optical topography analysis tools (POTATo). We explain how to handle and analyze fNIRS data in the POTATo package and systematically describe domain preparation, temporal preprocessing, functional signal extraction, statistical analysis, and data/result visualization for a practical example of working memory tasks. This example is expected to give clear insight in analyzing data using POTATo. The results specifically show the activated dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is consistent with previous studies. This emphasizes analysis robustness, which is required for validating decent preprocessing and functional signal interpretation. POTATo also provides a self-developed plug-in feature allowing users to create their own functions and incorporate them with established POTATo functions. With this feature, we continuously encourage users to improve fNIRS analysis methods. We also address the complications and resolving opportunities in signal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sutoko
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maki
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Kiguchi
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hirabayashi
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Atsumori
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Obata
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Takusige Katura
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
- Address all correspondence to: Takusige Katura, E-mail:
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von Lühmann A, Herff C, Heger D, Schultz T. Toward a Wireless Open Source Instrument: Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Mobile Neuroergonomics and BCI Applications. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:617. [PMID: 26617510 PMCID: PMC4641917 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and neuroergonomics research have high requirements regarding robustness and mobility. Additionally, fast applicability and customization are desired. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an increasingly established technology with a potential to satisfy these conditions. EEG acquisition technology, currently one of the main modalities used for mobile brain activity assessment, is widely spread and open for access and thus easily customizable. fNIRS technology on the other hand has either to be bought as a predefined commercial solution or developed from scratch using published literature. To help reducing time and effort of future custom designs for research purposes, we present our approach toward an open source multichannel stand-alone fNIRS instrument for mobile NIRS-based neuroimaging, neuroergonomics and BCI/BMI applications. The instrument is low-cost, miniaturized, wireless and modular and openly documented on www.opennirs.org. It provides features such as scalable channel number, configurable regulated light intensities, programmable gain and lock-in amplification. In this paper, the system concept, hardware, software and mechanical implementation of the lightweight stand-alone instrument are presented and the evaluation and verification results of the instrument's hardware and physiological fNIRS functionality are described. Its capability to measure brain activity is demonstrated by qualitative signal assessments and a quantitative mental arithmetic based BCI study with 12 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Lühmann
- Machine Learning Department, Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Herff
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominic Heger
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Schultz
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
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FC-NIRS: A Functional Connectivity Analysis Tool for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:248724. [PMID: 26539473 PMCID: PMC4619753 DOI: 10.1155/2015/248724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a promising noninvasive imaging technique, has recently become an increasingly popular tool in resting-state brain functional connectivity (FC) studies. However, the corresponding software packages for FC analysis are still lacking. To facilitate fNIRS-based human functional connectome studies, we developed a MATLAB software package called “functional connectivity analysis tool for near-infrared spectroscopy data” (FC-NIRS). This package includes the main functions of fNIRS data preprocessing, quality control, FC calculation, and network analysis. Because this software has a friendly graphical user interface (GUI), FC-NIRS allows researchers to perform data analysis in an easy, flexible, and quick way. Furthermore, FC-NIRS can accomplish batch processing during data processing and analysis, thereby greatly reducing the time cost of addressing a large number of datasets. Extensive experimental results using real human brain imaging confirm the viability of the toolbox. This novel toolbox is expected to substantially facilitate fNIRS-data-based human functional connectome studies.
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Ogawa T, Hirayama JI, Gupta P, Moriya H, Yamaguchi S, Ishikawa A, Inoue Y, Kawanabe M, Ishii S. Brain-machine interfaces for assistive smart homes: A feasibility study with wearable near-infrared spectroscopy. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:1107-1110. [PMID: 26736459 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Smart houses for elderly or physically challenged people need a method to understand residents' intentions during their daily-living behaviors. To explore a new possibility, we here developed a novel brain-machine interface (BMI) system integrated with an experimental smart house, based on a prototype of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device, and verified the system in a specific task of controlling of the house's equipments with BMI. We recorded NIRS signals of three participants during typical daily-living actions (DLAs), and classified them by linear support vector machine. In our off-line analysis, four DLAs were classified at about 70% mean accuracy, significantly above the chance level of 25%, in every participant. In an online demonstration in the real smart house, one participant successfully controlled three target appliances by BMI at 81.3% accuracy. Thus we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using NIRS-BMI in real smart houses, which will possibly enhance new assistive smart-home technologies.
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Abstract
The mechanism underlying temporal correlations among blood oxygen level-dependent signals is unclear. We used oxygen polarography to better characterize oxygen fluctuations and their correlation and to gain insight into the driving mechanism. The power spectrum of local oxygen fluctuations is inversely proportional to frequency raised to a power (1/f) raised to the beta, with an additional positive band-limited component centered at 0.06 Hz. In contrast, the power of the correlated oxygen signal is band limited from ∼ 0.01 Hz to 0.4 Hz with a peak at 0.06 Hz. These results suggest that there is a band-limited mechanism (or mechanisms) driving interregional oxygen correlation that is distinct from the mechanism(s) driving local (1/f) oxygen fluctuations. Candidates for driving interregional oxygen correlation include rhythmic or pseudo-oscillatory mechanisms.
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59
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Bonomini V, Zucchelli L, Re R, Ieva F, Spinelli L, Contini D, Paganoni A, Torricelli A. Linear regression models and k-means clustering for statistical analysis of fNIRS data. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:615-30. [PMID: 25780751 PMCID: PMC4354588 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new algorithm, based on a linear regression model, to statistically estimate the hemodynamic activations in fNIRS data sets. The main concern guiding the algorithm development was the minimization of assumptions and approximations made on the data set for the application of statistical tests. Further, we propose a K-means method to cluster fNIRS data (i.e. channels) as activated or not activated. The methods were validated both on simulated and in vivo fNIRS data. A time domain (TD) fNIRS technique was preferred because of its high performances in discriminating cortical activation and superficial physiological changes. However, the proposed method is also applicable to continuous wave or frequency domain fNIRS data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Bonomini
- MOX - Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
- first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
- first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rebecca Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | - Francesca Ieva
- Department of Mathematics “Federigo Enriques”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | | | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
| | - Anna Paganoni
- MOX - Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan,
Italy
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60
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Naseer N, Hong KS. fNIRS-based brain-computer interfaces: a review. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25674060 PMCID: PMC4309034 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that allows the use of brain activity to control computers or other external devices. It can, by bypassing the peripheral nervous system, provide a means of communication for people suffering from severe motor disabilities or in a persistent vegetative state. In this paper, brain-signal generation tasks, noise removal methods, feature extraction/selection schemes, and classification techniques for fNIRS-based BCI are reviewed. The most common brain areas for fNIRS BCI are the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex. In relation to the motor cortex, motor imagery tasks were preferred to motor execution tasks since possible proprioceptive feedback could be avoided. In relation to the prefrontal cortex, fNIRS showed a significant advantage due to no hair in detecting the cognitive tasks like mental arithmetic, music imagery, emotion induction, etc. In removing physiological noise in fNIRS data, band-pass filtering was mostly used. However, more advanced techniques like adaptive filtering, independent component analysis (ICA), multi optodes arrangement, etc. are being pursued to overcome the problem that a band-pass filter cannot be used when both brain and physiological signals occur within a close band. In extracting features related to the desired brain signal, the mean, variance, peak value, slope, skewness, and kurtosis of the noised-removed hemodynamic response were used. For classification, the linear discriminant analysis method provided simple but good performance among others: support vector machine (SVM), hidden Markov model (HMM), artificial neural network, etc. fNIRS will be more widely used to monitor the occurrence of neuro-plasticity after neuro-rehabilitation and neuro-stimulation. Technical breakthroughs in the future are expected via bundled-type probes, hybrid EEG-fNIRS BCI, and through the detection of initial dips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Naseer
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National UniversityBusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National UniversityBusan, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National UniversityBusan, Republic of Korea
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61
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the field of cognitive neuroscience has relied heavily on hemodynamic measures of blood oxygenation in local regions of the brain to make inferences about underlying cognitive processes. These same functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) techniques have recently been adapted for use with human infants. We review the advantages and disadvantages of these two neuroimaging methods for studies of infant cognition, with a particular emphasis on their technical limitations and the linking hypotheses that are used to draw conclusions from correlational data. In addition to summarizing key findings in several domains of infant cognition, we highlight the prospects of improving the quality of fNIRS data from infants to address in a more sophisticated way how cognitive development is mediated by changes in underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Aslin
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; ,
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62
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Strait M, Scheutz M. What we can and cannot (yet) do with functional near infrared spectroscopy. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:117. [PMID: 24904261 PMCID: PMC4033094 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a relatively new technique complimentary to EEG for the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). NIRS-based systems for detecting various cognitive and affective states such as mental and emotional stress have already been demonstrated in a range of adaptive human–computer interaction (HCI) applications. However, before NIRS-BCIs can be used reliably in realistic HCI settings, substantial challenges oncerning signal processing and modeling must be addressed. Although many of those challenges have been identified previously, the solutions to overcome them remain scant. In this paper, we first review what can be currently done with NIRS, specifically, NIRS-based approaches to measuring cognitive and affective user states as well as demonstrations of passive NIRS-BCIs. We then discuss some of the primary challenges these systems would face if deployed in more realistic settings, including detection latencies and motion artifacts. Lastly, we investigate the effects of some of these challenges on signal reliability via a quantitative comparison of three NIRS models. The hope is that this paper will actively engage researchers to acilitate the advancement of NIRS as a more robust and useful tool to the BCI community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Strait
- Human-Robot Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Scheutz
- Human-Robot Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
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Scholkmann F, Kleiser S, Metz AJ, Zimmermann R, Mata Pavia J, Wolf U, Wolf M. A review on continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging instrumentation and methodology. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:6-27. [PMID: 23684868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 993] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Pollonini L, Olds C, Abaya H, Bortfeld H, Beauchamp MS, Oghalai JS. Auditory cortex activation to natural speech and simulated cochlear implant speech measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Hear Res 2013; 309:84-93. [PMID: 24342740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of most cochlear implant procedures is to improve a patient's ability to discriminate speech. To accomplish this, cochlear implants are programmed so as to maximize speech understanding. However, programming a cochlear implant can be an iterative, labor-intensive process that takes place over months. In this study, we sought to determine whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive neuroimaging method which is safe to use repeatedly and for extended periods of time, can provide an objective measure of whether a subject is hearing normal speech or distorted speech. We used a 140 channel fNIRS system to measure activation within the auditory cortex in 19 normal hearing subjects while they listed to speech with different levels of intelligibility. Custom software was developed to analyze the data and compute topographic maps from the measured changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration. Normal speech reliably evoked the strongest responses within the auditory cortex. Distorted speech produced less region-specific cortical activation. Environmental sounds were used as a control, and they produced the least cortical activation. These data collected using fNIRS are consistent with the fMRI literature and thus demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique to objectively detect differences in cortical responses to speech of different intelligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pollonini
- Abramson Center for the Future of Health and Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, 300 Technology Building, Suite 123, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Cristen Olds
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5739, USA.
| | - Homer Abaya
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5739, USA.
| | - Heather Bortfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
| | - Michael S Beauchamp
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Suite MSB 7.046, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - John S Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5739, USA.
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Small-world network properties in prefrontal cortex correlate with predictors of psychopathology risk in young children: a NIRS study. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 1:345-53. [PMID: 23863519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging imaging technique that is relatively inexpensive, portable, and particularly well suited for collecting data in ecological settings. Therefore, it holds promise as a potential neurodiagnostic for young children. We set out to explore whether NIRS could be utilized in assessing the risk of developmental psychopathology in young children. A growing body of work indicates that temperament at young age is associated with vulnerability to psychopathology later on in life. In particular, it has been shown that low effortful control (EC), which includes the focusing and shifting of attention, inhibitory control, perceptual sensitivity, and a low threshold for pleasure, is linked to conditions such as anxiety, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Physiologically, EC has been linked to a control network spanning among other sites the prefrontal cortex. Several psychopathologies, such as depression and ADHD, have been shown to result in compromised small-world network properties. Therefore we set out to explore the relationship between EC and the small-world properties of PFC using NIRS. NIRS data were collected from 44 toddlers, ages 3-5, while watching naturalistic stimuli (movie clips). Derived complex network measures were then correlated to EC as derived from the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). We found that reduced levels of EC were associated with compromised small-world properties of the prefrontal network. Our results suggest that the longitudinal NIRS studies of complex network properties in young children hold promise in furthering our understanding of developmental psychopathology.
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66
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Helmich I, Rein R, Niermann N, Lausberg H. Hemispheric differences of motor execution: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 789:59-64. [PMID: 23852477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Distal movements of the limbs are predominantly controlled by the contralateral hemisphere. However, functional neuroimaging studies do not unequivocally demonstrate a lateralization of the cerebral activation during hand movements. While some studies show a predominant activation of the contralateral hemisphere, other studies provide evidence for a symmetrically distributed bihemispheric activation. However, the divergent results may also be due to methodological shortcomings. Therefore, the present study using functional near-infrared spectroscopy examines cerebral activation in both hemispheres during motor actions of the right and left hands. Twenty participants performed a flexion/extension task with the right- or left-hand thumb. Cerebral oxygenation changes were recorded from 48 channels over the primary motor, pre-motor, supplementary motor, primary somatosensory cortex, subcentral area, and the supramarginal gyrus of each hemisphere. A consistent increase of cerebral oxygenation was found for oxygenated and for total hemoglobin in the hemisphere contralateral to the moving hand, regardless of the laterality. These findings are in line with previous data from localization [1-3] and brain imaging studies [4-6]. The present data support the proposition that there is no hemispheric specialization for simple distal motor tasks. Both hemispheres are equally activated during movement of the contralateral upper limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmich
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Robert Rein
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Niermann
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hedda Lausberg
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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Tanaka H, Katura T, Sato H. Task-related component analysis for functional neuroimaging and application to near-infrared spectroscopy data. Neuroimage 2012; 64:308-27. [PMID: 22922468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility of experimental results lies at the heart of scientific disciplines. Here we propose a signal processing method that extracts task-related components by maximizing the reproducibility during task periods from neuroimaging data. Unlike hypothesis-driven methods such as general linear models, no specific time courses are presumed, and unlike data-driven approaches such as independent component analysis, no arbitrary interpretation of components is needed. Task-related components are constructed by a linear, weighted sum of multiple time courses, and its weights are optimized so as to maximize inter-block correlations (CorrMax) or covariances (CovMax). Our analysis method is referred to as task-related component analysis (TRCA). The covariance maximization is formulated as a Rayleigh-Ritz eigenvalue problem, and corresponding eigenvectors give candidates of task-related components. In addition, a systematic statistical test based on eigenvalues is proposed, so task-related and -unrelated components are classified objectively and automatically. The proposed test of statistical significance is found to be independent of the degree of autocorrelation in data if the task duration is sufficiently longer than the temporal scale of autocorrelation, so TRCA can be applied to data with autocorrelation without any modification. We demonstrate that simple extensions of TRCA can provide most distinctive signals for two tasks and can integrate multiple modalities of information to remove task-unrelated artifacts. TRCA was successfully applied to synthetic data as well as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data of finger tapping. There were two statistically significant task-related components; one was a hemodynamic response, and another was a piece-wise linear time course. In summary, we conclude that TRCA has a wide range of applications in multi-channel biophysical and behavioral measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tanaka
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
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