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Ran Z, Xu J, Liao K, Li S, Chen S, Yan X. Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Razor Clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of Δ5 and Δ6 Fatty Acid Desaturases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4592-4601. [PMID: 29676149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the endogenous long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic ability in Sinonovacula constricta, fatty acid desaturases (Fads) of this bivalve, namely, Scfad5a, Scfad5b, and Scfad6, were cloned and characterized in the current study. Meanwhile, the tissue distributions of S. constricta Fads and fatty acids (FAs) were examined. Heterologous expression in yeasts confirmed that Scfad5a and Scfad5b were both Δ5 Fads, while Scfad6 was a Δ6 Fad. However, compared with Fads in other organisms, the desaturation activities of S. constricta Fads were relatively low (especially for Scfad6), indicating an adaptation to living conditions. S. constricta Fads were expressed in all tissues examined, and particularly high expressions were found in intestine and gonad. Moreover, FAs were differently distributed among tissues, which might be correlated with their corresponding physiological roles. Taken together, the results provided an insight into LC-PUFA biosynthesis in S. constricta. Notably, Scfad6 was the first functionally characterized Δ6 Fad in marine molluscs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshou Ran
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology , Ningbo University, Ministry of Education of China , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315211 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture , Ningbo University , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315211 , China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology , Ningbo University, Ministry of Education of China , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315211 , China
| | - Kai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology , Ningbo University, Ministry of Education of China , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315211 , China
| | - Shuang Li
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315000 , China
| | - Shubing Chen
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technology Center , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315000 , China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture , Ningbo University , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315211 , China
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52
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Tay SS, Kuah MK, Shu-Chien AC. Transcriptional activation of zebrafish fads2 promoter and its transient transgene expression in yolk syncytial layer of zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3874. [PMID: 29497119 PMCID: PMC5832746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The front-end desaturases (Fads) are rate-limiting enzymes responsible for production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). The full spectrum of the transcriptional regulation of fads is still incomplete, as cloning of fads promoter is limited to a few species. Here, we described the cloning and characterisation of the zebrafish fads2 promoter. Using 5'-deletion and mutation analysis on this promoter, we identified a specific region containing the sterol regulatory element (SRE) which is responsible for the activation of the fads2 promoter. In tandem, two conserved CCAAT boxes were also present adjacent to the SRE and mutation of either of these binding sites attenuates the transcriptional activation of the fads2 promoter. An in vivo analysis employing GFP reporter gene in transiently transfected zebrafish embryos showed that this 1754 bp upstream region of the fads2 gene specifically directs GFP expression in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) region. This indicates a role for LC-PUFA in the transport of yolk lipids through this tissue layer. In conclusion, besides identifying novel core elements for transcriptional activation in zebrafish fads2 promoter, we also reveal a potential role for fads2 or LC-PUFA in YSL during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shen Tay
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Block B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. .,Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Block B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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53
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Twining CW, Lawrence P, Winkler DW, Flecker AS, Brenna JT. Conversion efficiency of α-linolenic acid to omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in aerial insectivore chicks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.165373. [PMID: 29217628 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Food availability and quality are both critical for growing young animals. In nature, swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and other aerial insectivores feed on both aquatic insects, which are rich in omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), and terrestrial insects, which contain considerably lower amounts of omega-3 HUFAs. Carnivorous mammals and fishes must obtain omega-3 HUFAs from their diet, as they have lost the capacity to convert the precursor omega-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) into omega-3 HUFAs. Thus, the relative value of aquatic versus terrestrial insects depends not only on the fatty acid composition of the prey but also on the capacity of consumers to convert ALA into omega-3 HUFAs. We used a combination of stable-isotope-labeled fatty acid tracers to ask whether, and how efficiently, tree swallows can deposit newly synthesized omega-3 HUFAs into tissue. Our data show for the first time that tree swallows can convert ALA into omega-3 HUFAs deposited in liver and skeletal muscle. However, high tree swallow demand for omega-3 HUFAs combined with low ALA availability in natural terrestrial foods may strain their modest conversion ability. This suggests that while tree swallows can synthesize omega-3 HUFAs de novo, omega-3 HUFAs are ecologically essential nutrients in natural systems. Our findings thus provide mechanistic support for our previous findings and the importance of omega-3 HUFA-rich aquatic insects for tree swallows and most likely other aerial insectivores with similar niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W Twining
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David W Winkler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Museum of Vertebrates and Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexander S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,University of Texas-Austin, Dell Medical School, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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Harauma A, Hatanaka E, Yasuda H, Nakamura MT, Salem N, Moriguchi T. Effects of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on brain development using artificial rearing of delta-6-desaturase knockout mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 127:32-39. [PMID: 29156156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during the lactation period of delta-6-desaturase knockout (D6D-KO) mice using an artificial rearing method. Newborn pups of D6D-KO male mice were separated from their dams within 48h and were fed artificial milk. Six formulations of milk were used: Control (Cont) milk (3.9% α-linolenic acid and 18% linoleic acid), + 1.3% arachidonic acid (ARA), + 1.2% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), + 1.3% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), + 1.1% ARA + 1.3% DHA, and + 1.3% ARA + 1.3% EPA. After weaning, the mice were fed pelleted diets containing a similar fatty acid composition as during lactation. Brain function was measured using a behavioral approach including motor activity and the Morris water maze test at 9 weeks of age. The body weight of the KO Cont group was significantly lower than that of the wild-type (WT) group; however, the ARA, ARA+DHA and ARA+EPA groups were similar to the WT group. In the Morris water maze test, the DHA and ARA+DHA groups demonstrated learning and memory performance similar to the WT group; however, the Cont group exhibited quite poor learning performance. Interestingly, the ARA, EPA and ARA+EPA groups showed intermediate performance between the Cont and WT groups. These results suggested that the 18-C essential fatty acids linoleic and α-linolenic were not sufficient to support optimal growth and neural performance. ARA was the most critical long-chain PUFA for supporting body growth. In addition, DHA was clearly essential for brain function. Taken together, these results indicate that the combination of DHA and ARA is essential for optimal growth and development in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Harauma
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Erisa Hatanaka
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yasuda
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
| | - Toru Moriguchi
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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55
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The compositional and metabolic responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to a gradient of dietary fish oil and associatedn-3 long-chain PUFA content. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:1010-1022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oil (VO) in feed formulations reduces the availability ofn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) to marine fish such as gilthead seabream. The aim of this study was to examine compositional and physiological responses to a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets (D1–D6) were fed to seabream, with the added oil being a blend of FO and VO to achieve a dietary gradient ofn-3 LC-PUFA. Fish were sampled after 4 months feeding, to determine biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid concentrations and lipid metabolic gene expression. The results indicated a disturbance to lipid metabolism, with fat in the liver increased and fat deposits in the viscera reduced. Tissue fatty acid profiles were altered towards the fatty acid compositions of the diets. There was evidence of endogenous modification of dietary PUFA in the liver which correlated with the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2). Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (srebp1), fads2and fatty acid synthase increased in the liver, whereas PPARα1 pathways appeared to be supressed by dietary VO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects in lipogenic genes appear to become measurable in D1–D3, which agrees with the weight gain data suggesting that disturbances to energy metabolism and lipogenesis may be related to performance differences. These findings suggested that suppression ofβ-oxidation and stimulation ofsrebp1-mediated lipogenesis may play a role in contributing toward steatosis in fish fedn-3 LC-PUFA deficient diets.
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56
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays important physiological roles in vertebrates. Studies in rats and rainbow trout confirmed that DHA biosynthesis proceeds through the so-called “Sprecher pathway”, a biosynthetic process requiring a Δ6 desaturation of 24:5n−3 to 24:6n−3. Alternatively, some teleosts possess fatty acyl desaturases 2 (Fads2) that enable them to biosynthesis DHA through a more direct route termed the “Δ4 pathway”. In order to elucidate the prevalence of both pathways among teleosts, we investigated the Δ6 ability towards C24 substrates of Fads2 from fish with different evolutionary and ecological backgrounds. Subsequently, we retrieved public databases to identify Fads2 containing the YXXN domain responsible for the Δ4 desaturase function, and consequently enabling these species to operate the Δ4 pathway. We demonstrated that, with the exception of Δ4 desaturases, fish Fads2 have the ability to operate as Δ6 desaturases towards C24 PUFA enabling them to synthesise DHA through the Sprecher pathway. Nevertheless, the Δ4 pathway represents an alternative route in some teleosts and we identified the presence of putative Δ4 Fads2 in a further 11 species and confirmed the function as Δ4 desaturases of Fads2 from medaka and Nile tilapia. Our results demonstrated that two alternative pathways for DHA biosynthesis exist in teleosts.
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57
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Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Canosa LF, Unniappan S. Glucose, amino acids and fatty acids directly regulate ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the intestine and hepatopancreas of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 206:24-35. [PMID: 28089858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are two peptidyl hormones primarily involved in food intake regulation. We previously reported that the amount of dietary carbohydrates, protein and lipids modulates the expression of these peptides in goldfish in vivo. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the effects of single nutrients on ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in the intestine and hepatopancreas. First, immunolocalization of ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in goldfish hepatopancreas cells was studied by immunohistochemistry. Second, the effects of 2 and 4hour-long exposures of cultured intestine and hepatopancreas sections to glucose, l-tryptophan, oleic acid, linolenic acid (LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on ghrelin and nesfatin-1 gene and protein expression were studied. Co-localization of ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the cytoplasm of goldfish hepatocytes was found. Exposure to glucose led to an upregulation of preproghrelin and a downregulation of nucb2/nesfatin-1 in the intestine. l-Tryptophan mainly decreased the expression of both peptides in the intestine and hepatopancreas. Fatty acids, in general, downregulated NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the intestine, but only the longer and highly unsaturated fatty acids inhibited preproghrelin. EPA exposure led to a decrease in preproghrelin, and an increase in nucb2/nesfatin-1 expression in hepatopancreas after 2h. These results show that macronutrients exert a dose- and time-dependent, direct regulation of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in the intestine and hepatopancreas, and suggest a role for these hormones in the digestive process and nutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (7130) Chascomús, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CC 164 (7130) Chascomús, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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58
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Kabeya N, Sanz-Jorquera A, Carboni S, Davie A, Oboh A, Monroig O. Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Sea Urchins: Molecular and Functional Characterisation of Three Fatty Acyl Desaturases from Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark 1816). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169374. [PMID: 28052125 PMCID: PMC5215697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. Lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. The contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of LC-PUFA in sea urchins remained unknown. Using Paracentrotus lividus as our model species, we aimed to characterise both molecularly and functionally the repertoire of fatty acyl desaturases (Fads), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA, in sea urchins. Three Fads, namely FadsA, FadsC1 and FadsC2, were characterised. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the repertoire of Fads within the Echinodermata phylum varies among classes. On one hand, orthologues of the P. lividus FadsA were found in other echinoderm classes including starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, thus suggesting that this desaturase is virtually present in all echinoderms. Contrarily, the FadsC appears to be sea urchin-specific desaturase. Finally, a further desaturase termed as FadsB exists in starfishes, brittle stars and sea cucumbers, but appears to be missing in sea urchins. The functional characterisation of the P. lividus Fads confirmed that the FadsA was a Δ5 desaturase with activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA). Moreover, our experiments confirmed that FadsA plays a role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA, a group of compounds typically found in marine invertebrates. On the other hand, both FadsC desaturases from P. lividus showed Δ8 activity. The present results demonstrate that P. lividus possesses desaturases that account for all the desaturation reactions required to biosynthesis the physiological essential eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids through the so-called "Δ8 pathway".
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kabeya
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Sanz-Jorquera
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davie
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Oboh
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Molecular and functional characterization of a fads2 orthologue in the Amazonian teleost, Arapaima gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 203:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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60
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Kuah MK, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. A fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) with dual Δ6 and Δ5 activities from the freshwater carnivorous striped snakehead Channa striata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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61
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Zhang S, Shen L, Xia Y, Yang Q, Li X, Tang G, Jiang Y, Wang J, Li M, Zhu L. DNA methylation landscape of fat deposits and fatty acid composition in obese and lean pigs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35063. [PMID: 27721392 PMCID: PMC5056348 DOI: 10.1038/srep35063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese and lean type pig breeds exhibit differences in their fat deposits and fatty acid composition. Here, we compared the effect of genome-wide DNA methylation on fatty acid metabolism between Landrace pigs (LP, leaner) and Rongchang pigs (RP, fatty). We found that LP backfat (LBF) had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content but a lower adipocyte volume than RP backfat (RBF). LBF exhibited higher global DNA methylation levels at the genome level than RBF. A total of 483 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in promoter regions, mainly affecting olfactory and sensory activity and lipid metabolism. In LBF, the promoters of genes related to ATPase activity had significantly stronger methylation. This fact may suggest lower energy metabolism levels, which may result in less efficient lipid synthesis in LBF. Furthermore, we identified a DMR in the miR-4335 and miR-378 promoters and validated their methylation status by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The hypermethylation of the promoters of miR-4335 and miR-378 in LBF and the resulting silencing of the target genes may result in LBF's low content in saturated fatty acids and fat deposition capacity. This study provides a solid basis for exploring the epigenetic mechanisms affecting fat deposition and fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Carmona-Antoñanzas G, Zheng X, Tocher DR, Leaver MJ. Regulatory divergence of homeologous Atlantic salmon elovl5 genes following the salmonid-specific whole-genome duplication. Gene 2016; 591:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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63
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Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids support aerial insectivore performance more than food quantity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10920-5. [PMID: 27638210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603998113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Once-abundant aerial insectivores, such as the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), have declined steadily in the past several decades, making it imperative to understand all aspects of their ecology. Aerial insectivores forage on a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial insects that differ in fatty acid composition, specifically long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) content. Aquatic insects contain high levels of both LCPUFA and their precursor omega-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), whereas terrestrial insects contain much lower levels of both. We manipulated both the quantity and quality of food for Tree Swallow chicks in a full factorial design. Diets were either high-LCPUFA or low in LCPUFA but high in ALA, allowing us to separate the effects of direct LCPUFA in diet from the ability of Tree Swallows to convert their precursor, ALA, into LCPUFA. We found that fatty acid composition was more important for Tree Swallow chick performance than food quantity. On high-LCPUFA diets, chicks grew faster, were in better condition, and had greater immunocompetence and lower basal metabolic rates compared with chicks on both low LCPUFA diets. Increasing the quantity of high-LCPUFA diets resulted in improvements to all metrics of performance while increasing the quantity of low-LCPUFA diets only resulted in greater immunocompetence and lower metabolic rates. Chicks preferentially retained LCPUFA in brain and muscle when both food quantity and LCPUFA were limited. Our work suggests that fatty acid composition is an important dimension of aerial insectivore nutritional ecology and reinforces the importance of high-quality aquatic habitat for these declining birds.
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64
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Xie D, Chen F, Lin S, You C, Wang S, Zhang Q, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the euryhaline herbivorous teleost Scatophagus argus: Functional characterization, tissue expression and nutritional regulation of two fatty acyl elongases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 198:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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65
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Dong Y, Wang S, Chen J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, You C, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Is a Transcription Factor of Vertebrate Fatty Acyl Desaturase Gene as Identified in Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160361. [PMID: 27472219 PMCID: PMC4966944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus was the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the capability of biosynthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 precursors, and to possess a Δ4 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ4 Fad) which was the first report in vertebrates, and is a good model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts. In order to understand regulatory mechanisms of transcription of Δ4 Fad, the gene promoter was cloned and characterized in the present study. An upstream sequence of 1859 bp from the initiation codon ATG was cloned as the promoter candidate. On the basis of bioinformatic analysis, several binding sites of transcription factors (TF) including GATA binding protein 2 (GATA-2), CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), nuclear factor 1 (NF-1), nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and sterol regulatory element (SRE), were identified in the promoter by site-directed mutation and functional assays. HNF4α and NF-1 were confirmed to interact with the core promoter of Δ4 Fad by gel shift assay and mass spectrometry. Moreover, over-expression of HNF4α increased promoter activity in HEK 293T cells and mRNA level of Δ4 Fad in rabbitfish primary hepatocytes, respectively. The results indicated that HNF4α is a TF of rabbitfish Δ4 Fad. To our knowledge, this is the first report on promoter structure of a Δ4 Fad, and also the first demonstration of HNF4α as a TF of vertebrate Fad gene involved in transcription regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Dong
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghao Zhang
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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66
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Bauer AK, Fitzgerald M, Ladzinski AT, Lenhart Sherman S, Maddock BH, Norr ZM, Miller RR. Dual behavior ofN-acetylcysteine during ethanol-induced oxidative stress in embryonic chick brains. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:478-488. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1185261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison K. Bauer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Mary Fitzgerald
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA
| | - Adam T. Ladzinski
- Midwestern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | | | | | - Zoe M. Norr
- Biology Department, Hillsdale College, MI 49242, USA
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67
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Dietary Oil Source and Selenium Supplementation Modulate Fads2 and Elovl5 Transcriptional Levels in Liver and Brain of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Lipids 2016; 51:729-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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68
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Hatanaka E, Harauma A, Yasuda H, Watanabe J, Nakamura MT, Salem N, Moriguchi T. Essentiality of arachidonic acid intake in murine early development. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 108:51-7. [PMID: 27154365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA (>C20)) intake, including arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for growth. This follow-up study focuses on ARA using a novel artificial rearing model during the lactation period in delta-6-desaturase knockout (D6D-KO) mice. Newborn D6D-KO male mouse pups were separated from dams within 48 hours and fed artificial milks containing 18-C essential fatty acids (EFAs) (16-17% LA, 3.8-4.1% ALA) with or without 1.2% ARA. After weaning, mice were maintained on similar diets: 15% LA, 2.3-2.4% ALA with or without 1.9% ARA. As a reference group, new born wild type (WT) male mouse pups were maintained by artificial milk and diet containing LA and ALA without ARA. Aspects of brain function were measured behaviorally (motor activity and rota-rod test) when mice were age 9 weeks. Body weight in the KO-Cont group was significantly lower (approximately 30%) than in the WT-Cont group, but this decrease was ameliorated by providing ARA in the KO-ARA group. The motor activity and coordination in the KO-Cont group decreased markedly compared to the WT-Cont group. The KO-ARA group had a tendency toward deteriorated motor coordination, although the motor activity was significantly enhanced compared to the KO-Cont group. In KO-ARA group brains, the level of ARA was increased and DHA decreased compared to WT-Cont. These results suggest that intake of LA and ALA only is insufficient to support healthy growth, and that ARA is also required, at least during the lactation period. These findings also suggested that continued intake of relatively high levels of ARA and without supplemental DHA during development led to an increased motor activity above that of WT animals. These studies indicate that both ARA dose and proper combination with DHA must be delineated to define optimal growth and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erisa Hatanaka
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Akiko Harauma
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yasuda
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junnosuke Watanabe
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Norman Salem
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
| | - Toru Moriguchi
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in chordates: Insights into the evolution of Fads and Elovl gene repertoire. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abdul Hamid NK, Carmona-Antoñanzas G, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Turchini GM, Donald JA. Isolation and Functional Characterisation of a fads2 in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Δ5 Desaturase Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150770. [PMID: 26943160 PMCID: PMC4778901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are intensively cultured globally. Understanding their requirement for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and the biochemistry of the enzymes and biosynthetic pathways required for fatty acid synthesis is important and highly relevant in current aquaculture. Most gnathostome vertebrates have two fatty acid desaturase (fads) genes with known functions in LC-PUFA biosynthesis and termed fads1 and fads2. However, teleost fish have exclusively fads2 genes. In rainbow trout, a fads2 cDNA had been previously cloned and found to encode an enzyme with Δ6 desaturase activity. In the present study, a second fads2 cDNA was cloned from the liver of rainbow trout and termed fads2b. The full-length mRNA contained 1578 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 1365 nucleotides that encoded a 454 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 52.48 kDa. The predicted Fads2b protein had the characteristic traits of the microsomal Fads family, including an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain containing the heme-binding motif (HPPG), histidine boxes (HDXGH, HFQHH and QIEHH) and three transmembrane regions. The fads2b was expressed predominantly in the brain, liver, intestine and pyloric caeca. Expression of the fasd2b in yeast generated a protein that was found to specifically convert eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), and therefore functioned as a Δ5 desaturase. Therefore, rainbow trout have two fads2 genes that encode proteins with Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase activities, respectively, which enable this species to perform all the desaturation steps required for the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA from C18 precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Biological Sciences, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Greta Carmona-Antoñanzas
- University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Óscar Monroig
- University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni M. Turchini
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A. Donald
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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71
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Monroig Ó, Lopes-Marques M, Navarro JC, Hontoria F, Ruivo R, Santos MM, Venkatesh B, Tocher DR, C. Castro LF. Evolutionary functional elaboration of the Elovl2/5 gene family in chordates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20510. [PMID: 26856376 PMCID: PMC4746653 DOI: 10.1038/srep20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) provides an intriguing example on how multi-enzymatic cascades evolve. Essential LC-PUFA, such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), can be acquired from the diet but are also endogenously retailored from C18 precursors through consecutive elongations and desaturations catalyzed, respectively, by fatty acyl elongase and desaturase enzymes. The molecular wiring of this enzymatic pathway defines the ability of a species to biosynthesize LC-PUFA. Exactly when and how in animal evolution a functional LC-PUFA pathway emerged is still elusive. Here we examine key components of the LC-PUFA cascade, the Elovl2/Elovl5 elongases, from amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate, the sea lamprey, a representative of agnathans, and the elephant shark, a basal jawed vertebrate. We show that Elovl2 and Elovl5 emerged from genome duplications in vertebrate ancestry. The single Elovl2/5 from amphioxus efficiently elongates C18 and C20 and, to a marked lesser extent, C22 LC-PUFA. Lamprey is incapable of elongating C22 substrates. The elephant shark Elovl2 showed that the ability to efficiently elongate C22 PUFA and thus to synthesize DHA through the Sprecher pathway, emerged in the jawed vertebrate ancestor. Our findings illustrate how non-integrated "metabolic islands" evolve into fully wired pathways upon duplication and neofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua de José Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan C. Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Santos
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biopolis, Singapore 138673
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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72
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Twining CW, Brenna JT, Hairston NG, Flecker AS. Highly unsaturated fatty acids in nature: what we know and what we need to learn. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W. Twining
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell Univ.; Corson Hall, 215 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Science; Cornell Univ.; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Nelson G. Hairston
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell Univ.; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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73
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Watanabe K, Ohno M, Taguchi M, Kawamoto S, Ono K, Aki T. Identification of amino acid residues that determine the substrate specificity of mammalian membrane-bound front-end fatty acid desaturases. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:89-99. [PMID: 26590171 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound desaturases are physiologically and industrially important enzymes that are involved in the production of diverse fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. Here, we identified amino acid residues that determine the substrate specificity of rat Δ6 desaturase (D6d) acting on linoleoyl-CoA by comparing its amino acid sequence with that of Δ5 desaturase (D5d), which converts dihomo-γ-linolenoyl-CoA. The N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain was excluded as a determinant by domain swapping analysis. Substitution of eight amino acid residues (Ser209, Asn211, Arg216, Ser235, Leu236, Trp244, Gln245, and Val344) of D6d with the corresponding residues of D5d by site-directed mutagenesis switched the substrate specificity from linoleoyl-CoA to dihomo-γ-linolenoyl-CoA. In addition, replacement of Leu323 of D6d with Phe323 on the basis of the amino acid sequence of zebra fish Δ5/6 bifunctional desaturase was found to render D6d bifunctional. Homology modeling of D6d using recent crystal structure data of human stearoyl-CoA (Δ9) desaturase revealed that Arg216, Trp244, Gln245, and Leu323 are located near the substrate-binding pocket. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the structural basis of the substrate specificity of a mammalian front-end fatty acid desaturase, which will aid in efficient production of value-added fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Taguchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ono
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Aki
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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74
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Cloning and functional characterization of Δ6 fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 191:112-25. [PMID: 26478265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a freshwater carnivorous species of high interest to diversify inland aquaculture. However, little is known about its ability to bioconvert polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from plant oils into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). In this study, special attention has been given to the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) which is commonly described to be a rate-limiting enzyme of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. This work reports on the cloning, tissue expression and functional characterization of the Eurasian perch fads2, but also on the cloning of two alternative splicing transcripts named fads2-AS1 and fads2-AS2. The fads2 cDNA cloned is composed of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1338 nucleotides (nt) and encodes a protein of 445 amino acids. This deduced amino acid sequence displays the typical structure of microsomal FADS2 including two transmembrane domains and an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain with the "HPGG" motif. Quantitative real-time PCR assay of fads2, fads2-AS1 and fads2-AS2 expressions revealed that the fads2 transcript was mainly expressed in the liver and intestine and exhibited a typical gene expression pattern of freshwater species while fads2-AS1 and fads2-AS2 genes were highly expressed in the brain, followed by the liver and intestine. Functional characterization of Eurasian perch FADS2 in transgenic yeast showed a fully functional Δ6 desaturation activity toward C18 PUFA substrates, without residual Δ5 and Δ8 desaturase activities.
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75
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Geay F, Wenon D, Mellery J, Tinti E, Mandiki SNM, Tocher DR, Debier C, Larondelle Y, Kestemont P. Dietary Linseed Oil Reduces Growth While Differentially Impacting LC-PUFA Synthesis and Accretion into Tissues in Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis). Lipids 2015; 50:1219-32. [PMID: 26439838 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of replacing dietary fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) on growth, fatty acid composition and regulation of lipid metabolism in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) juveniles. Fish (17.5 g initial body weight) were fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets containing 116 g/kg of lipid for 10 weeks. Fish fed the LO diet displayed lower growth rates and lower levels of DHA in the liver and muscle than fish fed the FO diet, while mortality was not affected by dietary treatment. However, DHA content recorded in the liver and muscle of fish fed the LO diet remained relatively high, despite a weight gain of 134 % and a reduced dietary level of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), suggesting endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis. This was supported by the higher amounts of pathway intermediates, including 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3, 20:4n-3, 18:3n-6 and 20:3n-6, recorded in the liver of fish fed the LO diet in comparison with those fed the FO diet. However, fads2 and elovl5 gene expression and FADS2 enzyme activity were comparable between the two groups. Similarly, the expression of genes involved in eicosanoid synthesis was not modulated by dietary LO. Thus, the present study demonstrated that in fish fed LO for 10 weeks, growth was reduced but DHA levels in tissues were largely maintained compared to fish fed FO, suggesting a physiologically relevant rate of endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Geay
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - D Wenon
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - J Mellery
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 2/L7.05.08, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E Tinti
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Université de Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - S N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - D R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - C Debier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 2/L7.05.08, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Y Larondelle
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 2/L7.05.08, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - P Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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76
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Kabeya N, Yamamoto Y, Cummins SF, Elizur A, Yazawa R, Takeuchi Y, Haga Y, Satoh S, Yoshizaki G. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in a marine teleost, Nibe croaker Nibea mitsukurii: Functional characterization of Fads2 desaturase and Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 188:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Comparative Analysis and Distribution of Omega-3 lcPUFA Biosynthesis Genes in Marine Molluscs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136301. [PMID: 26308548 PMCID: PMC4550275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified marine molluscs as an excellent source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcPUFAs), based on their potential for endogenous synthesis of lcPUFAs. In this study we generated a representative list of fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) genes from major orders of Phylum Mollusca, through the interrogation of transcriptome and genome sequences, and various publicly available databases. We have identified novel and uncharacterised Fad and Elovl sequences in the following species: Anadara trapezia, Nerita albicilla, Nerita melanotragus, Crassostrea gigas, Lottia gigantea, Aplysia californica, Loligo pealeii and Chlamys farreri. Based on alignments of translated protein sequences of Fad and Elovl genes, the haeme binding motif and histidine boxes of Fad proteins, and the histidine box and seventeen important amino acids in Elovl proteins, were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of aligned reference sequences was used to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships for Fad and Elovl genes separately. Multiple, well resolved clades for both the Fad and Elovl sequences were observed, suggesting that repeated rounds of gene duplication best explain the distribution of Fad and Elovl proteins across the major orders of molluscs. For Elovl sequences, one clade contained the functionally characterised Elovl5 proteins, while another clade contained proteins hypothesised to have Elovl4 function. Additional well resolved clades consisted only of uncharacterised Elovl sequences. One clade from the Fad phylogeny contained only uncharacterised proteins, while the other clade contained functionally characterised delta-5 desaturase proteins. The discovery of an uncharacterised Fad clade is particularly interesting as these divergent proteins may have novel functions. Overall, this paper presents a number of novel Fad and Elovl genes suggesting that many mollusc groups possess most of the required enzymes for the synthesis of lcPUFAs.
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78
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Antal O, Péter M, Hackler L, Mán I, Szebeni G, Ayaydin F, Hideghéty K, Vigh L, Kitajka K, Balogh G, Puskás LG. Lipidomic analysis reveals a radiosensitizing role of gamma-linolenic acid in glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1271-82. [PMID: 26092623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is effective against glioma cells under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the present study we determined how GLA alone or in combination with irradiation alters the fatty acid (FA) and lipid profiles, the lipid droplet (LD) content, the lipid biosynthetic gene expression and the apoptosis of glioma cells. In GLA-treated cells direct correlations were found between the levels of various FAs and the expression of the corresponding FA biosynthetic genes. The total levels of saturated and monosaturated FAs decreased in concert with the down-regulation of FASN and SCD1 gene expression. Similarly, decreased FADS1 gene expression was paralleled by lowered arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) contents, while the down-regulation of FADS2 expression was accompanied by a diminished docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) content. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses revealed that individual treatments gave rise to distinct lipidomic fingerprints. Following uptake, GLA was subjected to elongation, resulting in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, DGLA), which was used for the synthesis of the LD constituent triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. Accordingly, an increased number of LDs were observed in response to GLA administration after irradiation. GLA increased the radioresponsiveness of U87 MG cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells determined by FACS analysis. In conclusion, treatment with GLA increased the apoptosis of irradiated glioma cells, and GLA might therefore increase the therapeutic efficacy of irradiation in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Antal
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | | | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Klára Kitajka
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Laszló G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3).
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79
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Pan L, Liu Y, Wei Q, Xiao C, Ji Q, Bao G, Wu X. Solexa-Sequencing Based Transcriptome Study of Plaice Skin Phenotype in Rex Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124583. [PMID: 25955442 PMCID: PMC4425669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fur is an important genetically-determined characteristic of domestic rabbits; rabbit furs are of great economic value. We used the Solexa sequencing technology to assess gene expression in skin tissues from full-sib Rex rabbits of different phenotypes in order to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with fur determination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Transcriptome analysis included de novo assembly, gene function identification, and gene function classification and enrichment. We obtained 74,032,912 and 71,126,891 short reads of 100 nt, which were assembled into 377,618 unique sequences by Trinity strategy (N50=680 nt). Based on BLAST results with known proteins, 50,228 sequences were identified at a cut-off E-value ≥ 10-5. Using Blast to Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (KOG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we obtained several genes with important protein functions. A total of 308 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis of plaice and un-plaice phenotype animals; 209 additional differentially expressed genes were not found in any database. These genes included 49 that were only expressed in plaice skin rabbits. The novel genes may play important roles during skin growth and development. In addition, 99 known differentially expressed genes were assigned to PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interactin, among others. Growth factors play a role in skin growth and development by regulating these signaling pathways. We confirmed the altered expression levels of seven target genes by qRT-PCR. And chosen a key gene for SNP to found the differentially between plaice and un-plaice phenotypes rabbit. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The rabbit transcriptome profiling data provide new insights in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying rabbit skin growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenwen Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanan Ji
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guolian Bao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou Uuniversity, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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80
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Song YF, Luo Z, Pan YX, Zhang LH, Chen QL, Zheng JL. Three unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco: Molecular characterization, tissue expression and transcriptional regulation by leptin. Gene 2015; 563:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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81
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Kuah MK, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. The capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a carnivorous vertebrate: Functional characterisation and nutritional regulation of a Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity and an Elovl5 elongase in striped snakehead (Channa striata). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:248-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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82
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Morais S, Mourente G, Martínez A, Gras N, Tocher DR. Docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis via fatty acyl elongase and Δ4-desaturase and its modulation by dietary lipid level and fatty acid composition in a marine vertebrate. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:588-97. [PMID: 25660580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study presents the first "in vivo" evidence of enzymatic activity and nutritional regulation of a Δ4-desaturase-dependent DHA synthesis pathway in the teleost Solea senegalensis. Juvenile fish were fed diets containing 2 lipid levels (8 and 18%, LL and HL) with either 100% fish oil (FO) or 75% of the FO replaced by vegetable oils (VOs). Fatty acyl elongation (Elovl5) and desaturation (Δ4Fad) activities were measured in isolated enterocytes and hepatocytes incubated with radiolabeled α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3). Tissue distributions of elovl5 and Δ4fad transcripts were also determined, and the transcriptional regulation of these genes in liver and intestine was assessed at fasting and postprandially. DHA biosynthesis from EPA occurred in both cell types, although Elovl5 and Δ4Fad activities tended to be higher in hepatocytes. In contrast, no Δ6Fad activity was detected on (14)C-ALA, which was only elongated to 20:3n-3. Enzymatic activities and gene transcription were modulated by dietary lipid level (LL>HL) and fatty acid (FA) composition (VO>FO), more significantly in the liver than in the intestine, which was reflected in tissue FA compositions. Dietary VO induced a significant up-regulation of Δ4fad transcripts in the liver 6h after feeding, whereas in fasting conditions the effect of lipid level possibly prevailed over or interacted with FA composition in regulating the expression of elovl5 and Δ4fad, which were down-regulated in the liver of fish fed the HL diets. Results indicated functionality and biological relevance of the Δ4 LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway in S. senegalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Morais
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Mourente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Almudena Martínez
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain.
| | - Noélia Gras
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain.
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
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83
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Liu H, Guo Z, Zheng H, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang G. Functional characterization of a Δ5-like fatty acyl desaturase and its expression during early embryogenesis in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis Reeve. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7437-45. [PMID: 25081650 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential in lots of important physiological processes, while, many marine species have no or limited ability of endogenous PUFA biosynthesis, normally due to the lack of key enzymes such as fatty acid desaturase (FAD). In this study, we isolated a scallop Chlamys nobilis cDNA with high homology to vertebrate FADs. Functional characterization in recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that scallop FAD exhibited Δ5-desaturation activity towards both saturated and PUFA substrates. Thus, it efficiently desaturated exogenously added PUFA C20:4(n - 3) and C20:3(n - 6) to C20:5(n - 3) (EPA) and C20:4(n - 6) (ARA) respectively. It also converted the yeast's endogenous C18:0 into C18:1(n - 13), and participated in the biosynthesis of non-methylene-interrupted FA by introducing a double bond to C20:3(n - 3) and C20:2(n - 6) in the Δ5 carbon. Temporal transcript profile of scallop FAD was studied during early embryonic development. High level of mRNA was found at the beginning of embryogenesis (egg) and noticeable decreases of were observed during larvae development, suggesting maternal FAD mRNA transfer to the embryo. Further, FAD transcripts were detected in all tissues analyzed, with the gonad and hepatopancreas showing the highest expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
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84
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Fonseca-Madrigal J, Navarro JC, Hontoria F, Tocher DR, Martínez-Palacios CA, Monroig Ó. Diversification of substrate specificities in teleostei Fads2: characterization of Δ4 and Δ6Δ5 desaturases of Chirostoma estor. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1408-19. [PMID: 24792929 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently existing data show that the capability for long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis in teleost fish is more diverse than in other vertebrates. Such diversity has been primarily linked to the subfunctionalization that teleostei fatty acyl desaturase (Fads)2 desaturases have undergone during evolution. We previously showed that Chirostoma estor, one of the few representatives of freshwater atherinopsids, had the ability for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C18 PUFA precursors, in agreement with this species having unusually high contents of DHA. The particular ancestry and pattern of LC-PUFA biosynthesis activity of C. estor make this species an excellent model for study to gain further insight into LC-PUFA biosynthetic abilities among teleosts. The present study aimed to characterize cDNA sequences encoding fatty acyl elongases and desaturases, key genes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Results show that C. estor expresses an elongase of very long-chain FA (Elovl)5 elongase and two Fads2 desaturases displaying Δ4 and Δ6/Δ5 specificities, thus allowing us to conclude that these three genes cover all the enzymatic abilities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis from C18 PUFA. In addition, the specificities of the C. estor Fads2 enabled us to propose potential evolutionary patterns and mechanisms for subfunctionalization of Fads2 among fish lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Fonseca-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58330, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58330, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58330, Michoacán, Mexico
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85
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Dal Bosco A, Mugnai C, Roscini V, Paci G, Castellini C. Effect of genotype on estimated indexes of fatty acid metabolism in rabbits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2014.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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86
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Rodríguez-Barreto D, Jerez S, Cejas JR, Martin MV, Acosta NG, Bolaños A, Lorenzo A. Ovary and egg fatty acid composition of greater amberjack broodstock (Seriola dumerili) fed different dietary fatty acids profiles. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deiene Rodríguez-Barreto
- Facultad de Biología; Departamento de Biología Animal (U.D.I. Fisiología); Universidad de La Laguna; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
| | - Salvador Jerez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (I.E.O.); Instituto Español de Oceanografía; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
| | - Juana R. Cejas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (I.E.O.); Instituto Español de Oceanografía; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
| | - M. Virginia Martin
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (I.E.O.); Instituto Español de Oceanografía; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
| | - Nieves G. Acosta
- Facultad de Biología; Departamento de Biología Animal (U.D.I. Fisiología); Universidad de La Laguna; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
| | - Ana Bolaños
- Facultad de Biología; Departamento de Biología Animal (U.D.I. Fisiología); Universidad de La Laguna; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
| | - Antonio Lorenzo
- Facultad de Biología; Departamento de Biología Animal (U.D.I. Fisiología); Universidad de La Laguna; Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain
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87
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Xie D, Chen F, Lin S, Wang S, You C, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, Li Y. Cloning, functional characterization and nutritional regulation of Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase in the herbivorous euryhaline teleost Scatophagus argus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90200. [PMID: 24594899 PMCID: PMC3940778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fish are generally unable or have low ability for the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 PUFA precursors, with some notable exceptions including the herbivorous marine teleost Siganus canaliculatus in which such a capability was recently demonstrated. To determine whether this is a unique feature of S. canaliculatus or whether it is common to the herbivorous marine teleosts, LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways were investigated in the herbivorous euryhaline Scatophagus argus. A putative desaturase gene was cloned and functionally characterized, and tissue expression and nutritional regulation were investigated. The full-length cDNA was 1972 bp, containing a 1338 bp open-reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 445 amino acids, which possessed all the characteristic features of fatty acyl desaturase (Fad). Functional characterization by heterologous expression in yeast showed the protein product of the cDNA efficiently converted 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 to 18:4n-3 and 18:3n-6, respectively, indicating Δ6 desaturation activity. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that highest Δ6 fad mRNA expression was detected in liver followed by brain, with lower expression in other tissues including intestine, eye, muscle, adipose, heart kidney and gill, and lowest expression in stomach and spleen. The expression of Δ6 fad was significantly affected by dietary lipid and, especially, fatty acid composition, with highest expression of mRNA in liver of fish fed a diet with a ratio of 18:3n-3/18:2n-6 of 1.72:1. The results indicated that S. argus may have a different LC-PUFA biosynthetic system from S. canaliculatus despite possessing similar habitats and feeding habits suggesting that LC-PUFA biosynthesis may not be common to all marine herbivorous teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizhi Xie
- Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Lin
- Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyou Li
- Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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88
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Lopes-Marques M, Cunha I, Reis-Henriques MA, Santos MM, Castro LFC. Diversity and history of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl) gene family in vertebrates. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:271. [PMID: 24330521 PMCID: PMC3890633 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids, a considerable fraction of lipid molecules, participate in fundamental physiological processes. They undergo activation into their corresponding CoA esters for oxidation or esterification into complex lipids (e.g. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters), a process that is carried out by acyl-CoA synthases (ACS). Here we analyze the evolution of the gene family encoding for the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (Acsl) in vertebrates. RESULTS By means of phylogenetics and comparative genomics we show that genome duplications (2R) generated the diversity of Acsl genes in extant vertebrate lineages. In the vertebrate ancestor two separate genes originated the current Acsl1/5/6 and the Acsl3/4 gene families, and the extra gene duplicates in teleosts are a consequence of the teleost specific third round of genome duplication (3R). Moreover, the diversity of Acsl family members is broader than anticipated. Our strategy uncovered a novel uncharacterized Acsl-like gene found in teleosts, spotted gar, coelacanth and possibly lamprey, which we designate Acsl2. The detailed analysis of the Acsl2 teleost gene locus strongly supports the conclusion that it corresponds to a retained 2R paralogue, lost in tetrapods. CONCLUSIONS We provide here the first evolutionary analysis of the Acsl gene family in vertebrates, showing the specific contribution of 2R/3R to the diversity of this gene family. We find also that the division of ACSL enzymes into two groups predates at least the emergence of deuterostomes. Our study indicates that genome duplications significantly contributed to the elaboration of fatty acid activation metabolism in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIMAR Associate Laboratory, UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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89
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Suburu J, Gu Z, Chen H, Chen W, Zhang H, Chen YQ. Fatty acid metabolism: Implications for diet, genetic variation, and disease. FOOD BIOSCI 2013; 4:1-12. [PMID: 24511462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cultures across the globe, especially Western societies, are burdened by chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Several factors, including diet, genetics, and sedentary lifestyle, are suspected culprits to the development and progression of these health maladies. Fatty acids are primary constituents of cellular physiology. Humans can acquire fatty acids by de novo synthesis from carbohydrate or protein sources or by dietary consumption. Importantly, regulation of their metabolism is critical to sustain balanced homeostasis, and perturbations of such can lead to the development of disease. Here, we review de novo and dietary fatty acid metabolism and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between dietary influences and genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism and their role in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel Suburu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China ; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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90
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Chen YS, Luo WI, Lee TL, Yu SSF, Chang CY. Identification of the proteins required for fatty acid desaturation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:671-6. [PMID: 24103751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish Δ-5/Δ-6 fatty acid desaturase (Z-FADS) catalyzes the cascade synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), thereby playing a pivotal role in several biological processes. In the current study, we report that the Z-FADS protein exists in close proximity to certain cytochrome b5 reductases (CYB5R2 and 3) and elongases (ELOVL2, 4, 5 and 7) on the endoplasmic reticulum, as determined using fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. HeLa cells co-transfected with zebrafish fads and elovl2, 4, and 5 produced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as detected by gas chromatography. In addition, immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blot data revealed that Z-FADS is present in the mitochondria of HeLa cells. Collectively, our results implicate that Z-FADS, the sole fatty acid desaturase ever been identified in zebrafish, can serve as a universal fatty acid desaturase during lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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91
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Navarro-Guillén C, Engrola S, Castanheira F, Bandarra N, Hachero-Cruzado I, Tocher DR, Conceição LEC, Morais S. Effect of varying dietary levels of LC-PUFA and vegetable oil sources on performance and fatty acids of Senegalese sole post larvae: puzzling results suggest complete biosynthesis pathway from C18 PUFA to DHA. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 167:51-8. [PMID: 24120522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nutrition of marine fish larvae has focused on supplying essential fatty acids (EFA) at high levels to meet requirements for survival, growth and development. However, some deleterious effects have been reported suggesting that excessive supply of EFA might result in insufficient supply of energy substrates, particularly in species with lower EFA requirements such as Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). This study addressed how the balance between EFA and non-EFA (better energy sources) affects larval performance, body composition and metabolism and retention of DHA, by formulating enrichment emulsions containing two different vegetable oil sources (olive oil or soybean oil) and three DHA levels. DHA positively affected growth and survival, independent of oil source, confirming that for sole post-larvae it is advantageous to base enrichments on vegetable oils supplying higher levels of energy, and supplement these with a DHA-rich oil. In addition, body DHA levels were generally comparable considering the large differences in their dietary supply, suggesting that the previously reported ∆4 fatty acyl desaturase (fad) operates in vivo and that DHA was synthesized at physiologically significant rates through a mechanism involving transcriptional up-regulation of ∆4fad, which was significantly up-regulated in the low DHA treatments. Furthermore, data suggested that DHA biosynthesis may be regulated by an interaction between dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA, as well as by levels of LC-PUFA, and this may, under certain nutritional conditions, lead to DHA production from C18 precursors. The molecular basis of putative fatty acyl ∆5 and ∆6 desaturation activities remains to be fully determined as thorough searches have found only a single (∆4) Fads2-type transcript. Therefore, further studies are required but this might represent a unique activity described within vertebrate fads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Navarro-Guillén
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Apartado Oficial, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Cunha I, Galante-Oliveira S, Rocha E, Planas M, Urbatzka R, Castro LFC. Dynamics of PPARs, fatty acid metabolism genes and lipid classes in eggs and early larvae of a teleost. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 164:247-58. [PMID: 23380517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) have been recognized of crucial importance in early development of vertebrates, contributing to the impressive morphological and physiological changes both as building blocks and to energy production. The importance of lipids along development depends on ontogenetic, phylogenetic and environmental parameters. The expression patterns of FA metabolism genes have not been characterized in developing fish embryos nor compared to lipid class profiles. Full lipid metabolism only occurred after hatching, as revealed by alterations in lipid profiles and FA gene expression. Nonetheless, transcriptional changes of some FA genes were already present in embryos at notochord formation. Many genes displayed an expression profile opposed to the decrease of lipids along the development, while others responded solely to starvation. Transcription of most genes involved in FA metabolism had a strong correlation to PPARs' mRNA levels (α1, α2, β, γ). The comparison of mRNA expression of the genes with the lipid profiles produced new insights into the FA metabolism and regulation during the development of turbot larvae, providing the basis for future studies including comparative approaches with other vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal.
| | - S Galante-Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal
| | - E Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal
| | - M Planas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - R Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal
| | - L F C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Porto (U. Porto), Portugal
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