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Ramadan A, Singh KK, Quan A, Plant PJ, Al-Omran M, Teoh H, Verma S. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cell autophagy exacerbates angiotensin II-associated aortic remodeling. J Vasc Surg 2017; 68:859-871. [PMID: 29273297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiologic processes of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and atherosclerosis often intersect. Given that anomalies in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) autophagy have been noted in models of atherosclerosis, we sought to evaluate the potential role that SMC autophagy may play in the initiation and progression of AAAs. METHODS Studies were conducted in ATG7flx/flxSM22α-Cretg/+ (SMC ATG7 knockout [SMC-ATG7-KO]) and ATG7WT/WT; SM22α-Cretg/+ (SMC ATG7 wild-type [SMC-ATG7-WT]) littermates that were continuously infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 1.5 mg/kg/d) for up to 12 weeks. Mortality, morbidity, hemodynamics, and aortic remodeling were documented. RESULTS During the 12-week observation window, all of the Ang II-treated SMC-ATG-WT mice (n = 6) survived, whereas 10 of the 19 Ang II-treated SMC-ATG-KO mice had died by week 7 (log-rank test, P < .001). Mean arterial pressure (128.07 ± 3.4 mm Hg for Ang II-treated SMC-ATG-KO vs 138.5 ± 5.87 mm Hg for Ang II-treated SMC-ATG-WT mice) and diastolic arterial pressure (109.7 ± 2.55 mm Hg for Ang II-treated SMC-ATG7-KO vs 119.4 ± 2.12 mm Hg for Ang II-treated SMC-ATG7-WT mice) were significantly different between the two groups (P < .01). Cardiac rupture, myocardial infarct, end-organ damage, pleural effusion, and venous distention were noted in Ang II-treated SMC-ATG7-KO but not in Ang II-treated SMC-ATG7-WT mice. Although the suprarenal aortic diameters of the Ang II-treated SMC-ATG7-KO group demonstrated a trending increase (at week 4, 1.26 ± 0.06 mm [n = 14] for Ang II-treated SMC-ATG-KO mice vs 1.09 ± 0.02 mm [n = 5] for Ang II-treated SMC-ATG-WT mice; P < .05), only 2 of the 19 developed abdominal aortic dissections. CONCLUSIONS Mice with SMC ATG7 deficiency that are chronically infused with Ang II do not tend to develop dissecting AAA but do exhibit adverse aortic remodeling and appreciable cardiac failure-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ramadan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela J Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Saud University-Li Ka Shing Collaborative Research Program, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ramella M, Boccafoschi F, Bellofatto K, MD AF, Fusaro L, Boldorini R, Casella F, Porta C, Settembrini P, Cannas M. Endothelial MMP-9 drives the inflammatory response in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5485-5495. [PMID: 29312500 PMCID: PMC5752898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is typified by chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of the aortic wall. Vascular inflammation involves complex interactions among inflammatory cells, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), and ECM. Although vascular endothelium and medial neoangiogenesis play a key role in AAA, the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement are only partially understood. In AAA biopsies, we found increased MMP-9, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which correlated with massive medial neo-angiogenesis (C4d positive staining). In this study, we developed an in vitro model in order to characterize the role of endothelial matrix metalloproteinase-9 (e-MMP-9) as a potential trigger of medial disruption and in the inflammatory response bridging between ECs and vSMC. Lentiviral-mediated silencing of e-MMP-9 through RNA interference inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated activation of NF-κB in EA.hy926 human endothelial cells. In addition, EA.hy926 cells void of MMP-9 failed to migrate in a 3D matrix. Moreover, silenced EA.hy926 affected vSMC behavior in terms of matrix remodeling. In fact, also MMP-9 in vSMC resulted inhibited when endothelial MMP-9 was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ramella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)Novara, Italy
| | | | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi MD
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Casella
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore della CaritàNovara, Italy
| | - Carla Porta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore della CaritàNovara, Italy
| | | | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)Novara, Italy
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Riches K, Clark E, Helliwell RJ, Angelini TG, Hemmings KE, Bailey MA, Bridge KI, Scott DJA, Porter KE. Progressive Development of Aberrant Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease. J Vasc Res 2017; 55:35-46. [PMID: 29232676 DOI: 10.1159/000484088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a silent, progressive disease with a high mortality and an increasing prevalence with aging. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction contributes to gradual dilatation and eventual rupture of the aorta. Here we studied phenotypic characteristics in SMC cultured from end-stage human AAA (≥5 cm) and cells cultured from a porcine carotid artery (PCA) model of early and end-stage aneurysm. Human AAA-SMC presented a secretory phenotype and expressed elevated levels of the differentiation marker miR-145 (2.2-fold, p < 0.001) and the senescence marker SIRT-1 (1.3-fold, p < 0.05), features not recapitulated in aneurysmal PCA-SMC. Human and end-stage porcine aneurysmal cells were frequently multi-nucleated (3.9-fold, p < 0.001, and 1.8-fold, p < 0.01, respectively, vs. control cells) and displayed an aberrant nuclear morphology. Human AAA-SMC exhibited higher levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX (3.9-fold, p < 0.01, vs. control SMC). These features did not correlate with patients' chronological age and are therefore potential markers for pathological premature vascular aging. Early-stage PCA-SMC (control and aneurysmal) were indistinguishable from one another across all parameters. The principal limitation of human studies is tissue availability only at the end stage of the disease. Refinement of a porcine bioreactor model would facilitate the study of temporal modulation of SMC behaviour during aneurysm development and potentially identify therapeutic targets to limit AAA progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Rupture/etiology
- Aortic Rupture/metabolism
- Aortic Rupture/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Shape
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence
- DNA Damage
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Progression
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Sus scrofa
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Riches
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Zou S, Liao M, Yang J, Huang T, Green M, Wu J, Qu L. Heat shock protein 27 plays a protective role in thoracic aortic dissection by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:24. [PMID: 29209372 PMCID: PMC5704392 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is one of the most severe aortic diseases. The study aimed to explore the potential role of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in the pathogenesis of TAD using an in vitro model of oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods HSP27 was analyzed in aortic surgical specimens from 12 patients with TAD and 8 healthy controls. A lentiviral vector was used to overexpress HSP27 in rat aortic VSMCs. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured under oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Results HSP27 expression was significantly higher in aortic tissue from patients with TAD and VSMCs in the aortic media were the main cell type producing HSP27. Elevated oxidative stress was also detected in the TAD samples. Overexpression of HSP27 significantly attenuated H2O2-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. Furthermore, HSP27 was found to decrease H2O2-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions These results suggest that HSP27 expression promotes VSMC viability, suppresses cell apoptosis, and confers protection against oxidative stress in TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Zou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Liao
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Huang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Green
- DICAT Biomedical Computation Centre, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Jianjin Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lefeng Qu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Groeneveld ME, van der Reijden JJ, Tangelder GJ, Westin LC, Renwarin L, Musters RJP, Wisselink W, Yeung KK. Peroxynitrite Footprint in Circulating Neutrophils of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients is Lower in Statin than in Non-statin Users. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 54:331-339. [PMID: 28712812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extensive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (also reactive species) production is a mechanism involved in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. White blood cells (WBCs) are a known source of reactive species. Their production may be decreased by statins, thereby reducing the AAA growth rate. Reactive species production in circulating WBCs of AAA patients and the effect of statins on their production was investigated. METHODS This observational study investigated reactive species production in vivo and ex vivo in circulating WBCs of AAA patients, using venous blood from patients prior to elective AAA repair (n = 34; 18 statin users) and from healthy volunteers (n = 10). Reactive species production was quantified in circulating WBCs using immunofluorescence microscopy: nitrotyrosine (footprint of peroxynitrite, a potent reactive nitrogen species) in snap frozen blood smears; mitochondrial superoxide and cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide (both reactive oxygen species) by live cell imaging. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were examined individually. RESULTS In AAA patients using statins, the median nitrotyrosine level in neutrophils was 646 (range 422-2059), in lymphocytes 125 (range 74-343), and in monocytes 586 (range 291-663). Median levels in AAA patients not using statins were for neutrophils 928 (range 552-2095, p = .03), lymphocytes 156 (101-273, NS), and for monocytes 536 (range 535-1635, NS). The statin dose tended to correlate negatively with nitrotyrosine in neutrophils (Rs -0.32, p = .06). The median levels in controls were lower for neutrophils 466 (range 340-820, p < .01) and for monocytes 191 (range 102-386, p = .03), but similar for lymphocytes 99 (range 82-246) when compared to the AAA patients. There were no differences in mitochondrial superoxide and cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide between statin and non-statin users within AAA patients. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the peroxynitrite footprint in circulating neutrophils and monocytes of AAA patients is higher than in controls. AAA patients treated with statins had a lower peroxynitrite footprint in neutrophils than non-statin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Groeneveld
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - G J Tangelder
- Department of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L C Westin
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska, Sweden
| | - L Renwarin
- Medical Department, Royal Netherlands Navy, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R J P Musters
- Department of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Wisselink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K K Yeung
- Department of Vascular Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Toupance S, Labat C, Temmar M, Rossignol P, Kimura M, Aviv A, Benetos A. Short Telomeres, but Not Telomere Attrition Rates, Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2017. [PMID: 28630210 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Short telomeres are associated with atherosclerosis. However, the temporal relationship between atherosclerosis and telomere length is unclear. The objective of this work was to examine the temporal formation and progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in relation to telomere dynamics. In a longitudinal study, comprising 154 French men and women (aged 31-76 years at baseline), carotid plaques were quantified by echography, and telomere length on leucocytes was measured by Southern blots at baseline and follow-up examinations. Telomere attrition rates during the 9.5-year follow-up period were not different in individuals with plaques at both baseline and follow-up examinations (23.3±2.0 base pairs/y) than in individuals who developed plaques during the follow-up period (26.5±2.0 base pairs/y) and those without plaques at either baseline or follow-up examination (22.5±2.3 base pairs/y; P=0.79). At baseline, telomere length was associated with presence of carotid plaques (P=0.02) and with the number of regions with plaques (P=0.005). An interaction (P=0.03) between age and the presence of plaques was observed, such that the association between plaques and telomere length was more pronounced at a younger age. In conclusion, carotid atherosclerosis is not associated with increased telomere attrition during a 9.5-year follow-up period. Short telomere length is more strongly associated with early-onset than late-onset carotid atherosclerosis. Our results support the thesis that heightened telomere attrition during adult life might not explain the short telomeres observed in subjects with atherosclerotic disease. Rather, short telomeres antecedes the clinical manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Toupance
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.)
| | - Carlos Labat
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Temmar
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.)
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.)
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.)
| | - Abraham Aviv
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.)
| | - Athanase Benetos
- From the INSERM UMRS 1116 (S.T., C.L., P.R., A.B.), Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy (C.L., A.B.), and Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, CHRU Nancy (P.R.), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Cardiology Center, Ghardaia, Algeria (M.T.); and Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.K., A.A.).
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Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) Causes Oxidative Stress-Derived DNA Damage in BALB/c Mice Infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02360-16. [PMID: 28320726 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02360-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by >20 species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) is the first-choice drug recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of all types of leishmaniasis. However, the mechanisms of action and toxicity of pentavalent antimonials, including genotoxic effects, remain unclear. Therefore, the mechanism by which meglumine antimoniate causes DNA damage was investigated for BALB/c mice infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and treated with meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg for 20 days). DNA damage was analyzed by a comet assay using mouse leukocytes. Furthermore, comet assays were followed by treatment with formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase and endonuclease III, which remove oxidized DNA bases. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the animals' sera were assessed. To investigate mutagenicity, we carried out a micronucleus test. Our data demonstrate that meglumine antimoniate, as well as L. infantum infection, induces DNA damage in mammalian cells by the oxidation of nitrogenous bases. Additionally, the antileishmanial increased the frequency of micronucleated cells, confirming its mutagenic potential. According to our data, both meglumine antimoniate treatment and L. infantum infection promote oxidative stress-derived DNA damage, which promotes overactivation of the SOD-CAT axis, whereas the SOD-GPx axis is inhibited as a probable consequence of glutathione (GSH) depletion. Finally, our data enable us to suggest that a meglumine antimoniate regimen, as recommended by the World Health Organization, would compromise GPx activity, leading to the saturation of antioxidant defense systems that use thiol groups, and might be harmful to patients under treatment.
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Sivaraman B, Swaminathan G, Moore L, Fox J, Seshadri D, Dahal S, Stoilov I, Zborowski M, Mecham R, Ramamurthi A. Magnetically-responsive, multifunctional drug delivery nanoparticles for elastic matrix regenerative repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:171-186. [PMID: 27884774 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arresting or regressing growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), localized expansions of the abdominal aorta are contingent on inhibiting chronically overexpressed matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)-2 and -9 that disrupt elastic matrix within the aortic wall, concurrent with providing a stimulus to augmenting inherently poor auto-regeneration of these matrix structures. In a recent study we demonstrated that localized, controlled and sustained delivery of doxycycline (DOX; a tetracycline-based antibiotic) from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs), enhances elastic matrix deposition and MMP-inhibition at a fraction of the therapeutically effective oral dose. The surface functionalization of these NPs with cationic amphiphiles, which enhances their arterial uptake, was also shown to have pro-matrix regenerative and anti-MMP effects independent of the DOX. Based on the hypothesis that the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) within these PLGA NPs would enhance their targetability to the AAA site under an applied external magnetic field, we sought to evaluate the functional effects of NPs co-encapsulating DOX and SPIONs (DOX-SPION NPs) on elastic matrix regeneration and MMP synthesis/activity in vitro within aneurysmal smooth muscle cell (EaRASMC) cultures. The DOX-SPION NPs were mobile under an applied external magnetic field, while enhancing elastic matrix deposition 1.5-2-fold and significantly inhibiting MMP-2 synthesis and MMP-2 and -9 activities, compared to NP-untreated control cultures. These results illustrate that the multifunctional benefits of NPs are maintained following SPION co-incorporation. Additionally, preliminary studies carried out demonstrated enhanced targetability of SPION-loaded NPs within proteolytically-disrupted porcine carotid arteries ex vivo, under the influence of an applied external magnetic field. Thus, this dual-agent loaded NP system proffers a potential non-surgical option for treating small growing AAAs, via controlled and sustained drug release from multifunctional, targetable nanocarriers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Proactive screening of high risk elderly patients now enables early detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). There are no established drug-based therapeutic alternatives to surgery for AAAs, which is unsuitable for many elderly patients, and none which can achieve restore disrupted and lost elastic matrix in the AAA wall, which is essential to achieve growth arrest or regression. We have developed a first generation design of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) for AAA tissue localized delivery of doxycycline, a modified tetracycline drug at low micromolar doses at which it provides both pro-elastogenic and anti-proteolytic benefits that can augment elastic matrix regenerative repair. The nanocarriers themselves are also uniquely chemically functionalized on their surface to also provide them pro-elastin-regenerative & anti-matrix degradative properties. To provide an active driving force for efficient uptake of intra-lumenally infused NPs to the AAA wall, in this work, we have rendered our polymer NPs mobile in an applied magnetic field via co-incorporation of super-paramagnetic iron oxide NPs. We demonstrate that such modifications significantly improve wall uptake of the NPs with no significant changes to their physical properties and regenerative benefits. Such NPs can potentially stimulate structural repair in the AAA wall following one time infusion to delay or prevent AAA growth to rupture. The therapy can provide a non-surgical treatment option for high risk AAA patients.
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Meital LT, Sandow SL, Calder PC, Russell FD. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Mechanisms, animal models, and potential treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 118:1-9. [PMID: 28288701 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an inflammatory disease associated with macrophage accumulation in the adventitia, oxidative stress, medial elastin degradation and aortic dilation. Progression of AAA is linked to increased risk of rupture, which carries a high mortality rate. Drug therapies trialled to date lack efficacy and although aneurysm repair is available for patients with large aneurysm, peri-surgical morbidity and mortality have been widely reported. Recent studies using rodent models of AAA suggest that long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) and their metabolites can moderate inflammation and oxidative stress perpetuated by infiltrating macrophages and intervene in the destruction of medial elastin. This review examines evidence from these animal studies and related reports of inhibition of inflammation and arrest of aneurysm development following prophylactic supplementation with LC n-3 PUFAs. The efficacy of LC n-3 PUFAs for management of existing aneurysm is unclear and further investigations involving human clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara T Meital
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Fraser D Russell
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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60
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Ramadan A, Al-Omran M, Verma S. The putative role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:288-296. [PMID: 28139205 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a significant cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity. While the histopathological characteristics of AAA are well documented, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AAA are not entirely understood. Autophagy is a highly conserved basal cellular process in eukaryotic cells that involves the turnover of organelles and proteins. It is also activated as an adaptive response to stressful conditions to promote cell survival. While autophagy typically promotes pro-survival processes, it can sometimes lead to cellular demise. Preclinical studies have revealed autophagy to be a protective mechanism in certain vascular diseases with several autophagy-related genes reported to be markedly upregulated in human aneurysmal tissue. The role autophagy plays in the pathogenesis of AAA, however, remains poorly defined. In this review, we discuss the putative role of autophagy in AAA by reviewing several in vitro and in vivo studies that address the functional significance of autophagy in cells that are involved in the pathophysiology of AAA, amongst which are macrophages, smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ramadan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Bai H, Gao Y, Hoyle DL, Cheng T, Wang ZZ. Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Delays Cellular Senescence and Preserves the Function of Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:589-600. [PMID: 28191769 PMCID: PMC5442820 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of vascular cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers an attractive noninvasive method for repairing the ischemic tissues and for preventing the progression of vascular diseases. Here, we found that in a serum‐free condition, the proliferation rate of hPSC‐derived endothelial cells is quickly decreased, accompanied with an increased cellular senescence, resulting in impaired gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and impaired vessel forming capability in vitro and in vivo. To overcome the limited expansion of hPSC‐derived endothelial cells, we screened small molecules for specific signaling pathways and found that inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling significantly retarded cellular senescence and increased a proliferative index of hPSC‐derived endothelial cells. Inhibition of TGF‐β signaling extended the life span of hPSC‐derived endothelial and improved endothelial functions, including vascular network formation on Matrigel, acetylated low‐density lipoprotein uptake, and eNOS expression. Exogenous transforming growth factor‐β1 increased the gene expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a, and p21CIP1, in endothelial cells. Conversely, inhibition of TGF‐β reduced the gene expression of p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a, and p21CIP1. Our findings demonstrate that the senescence of newly generated endothelial cells from hPSCs is mediated by TGF‐β signaling, and manipulation of TGF‐β signaling offers a potential target to prevent vascular aging. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:589–600
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dixie L. Hoyle
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zack Z. Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Cell Therapy and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Malkawi A, Pirianov G, Torsney E, Chetter I, Sakalihasan N, Loftus IM, Nordon I, Huggins C, Charolidi N, Thompson M, Xu XY, Cockerill GW. Increased Expression of Lamin A/C Correlate with Regions of High Wall Stress in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2016; 3:152-66. [PMID: 27175366 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2015.14.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since aortic diameter is the most -significant risk factor for rupture, we sought to identify stress-dependent changes in gene expression to illuminate novel molecular processes in aneurysm rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed finite element maps of abdominal computerized tomography scans (CTs) of seven abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients to map wall stress. Paired biopsies from high- and low-stress areas were collected at surgery using vascular landmarks as coordinates. Differential gene expression was evaluated by Illumina Array analysis, using the whole genome DNA-mediated, annealing, selection, extension, and ligation (DASL) gene chip (n = 3 paired samples). RESULTS The sole significant candidate from this analysis, Lamin A/C, was validated at the protein level, using western blotting. Lamin A/C expression in the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) of AAA patients was compared to a control group and in aortic smooth muscle cells in culture in response to physiological pulsatile stretch. -Areas of high wall stress (n = 7) correlate to those -regions which have the thinnest walls [778 µm (585-1120 µm)] in comparison to areas of lowest wall stress [1620 µm (962-2919 µm)]. Induced expression of Lamin A/C -correlated with areas of high wall stress from AAAs but was not significantly induced in the IMV from AAA patients compared to controls (n = 16). Stress-induced expression of Lamin A/C was mimicked by exposing aortic smooth muscle cells to prolonged pulsatile stretch. CONCLUSION Lamin A/C protein is specifically increased in areas of high wall stress in AAA from patients, but is not increased on other vascular beds of aneurysm patients, suggesting that its elevation may be a compensatory response to the pathobiology leading to aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Malkawi
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grisha Pirianov
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelyn Torsney
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Chetter
- Centre for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, York Hull Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ian M Loftus
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Nordon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Huggins
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicoletta Charolidi
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matt Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xie Yun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gillian W Cockerill
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Intratumoral diversity of telomere length in individual neuroblastoma tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7493-503. [PMID: 25595889 PMCID: PMC4480695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the work was to investigate telomere length (TL) and mechanisms involved in TL maintenance in individual neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. Primary NB tumors from 102 patients, ninety Italian and twelve Spanish, diagnosed from 2000 to 2008 were studied. TL was investigated by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (IQ-FISH) that allows to analyze individual cells in paraffin-embedded tissues. Fluorescence intensity of chromosome 2 centromere was used as internal control to normalize TL values to ploidy. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression was detected by immunofluorescence in 99/102 NB specimens. The main findings are the following: 1) two intratumoral subpopulations of cancer cells displaying telomeres of different length were identified in 32/102 tumors belonging to all stages. 2) hTERT expression was detected in 99/102 tumors, of which 31 displayed high expression and 68 low expression. Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-mechanism was present in 60/102 tumors, 20 of which showed high hTERT expression. Neither ALT-mechanism nor hTERT expression correlated with heterogeneous TL. 3) High hTERT expression and ALT positivity were associated with significantly reduced Overall Survival. 4) High hTERT expression predicted relapse irrespective of patient age. Intratumoral diversity in TL represents a novel feature in NB. In conclusion, diversity of TL in individual NB tumors was strongly associated with disease progression and death, suggesting that these findings are of translational relevance. The combination of high hTERT expression and ALT positivity may represent a novel biomarker of poor prognosis that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Uryga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Kelly Gray
- Cardiovascular Safety, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom;
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
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Debelec-Butuner B, Bostancı A, Heiserich L, Eberle C, Ozcan F, Aslan M, Roggenbuck D, Korkmaz KS. Automated Cell-Based Quantitation of 8-OHdG Damage. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1516:299-308. [PMID: 27044043 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Detection of 8-OHdG-base damage has been a big challenge for decades, though different analytical methods are developed. The recent approaches that are used for quantitating either the total amount of base damage or the amount of base damage per cell from different sources of samples are not automated. We have developed a method for automated damage detection from a single cell and applied it to 8-OHdG quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Debelec-Butuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Bostancı
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Filiz Ozcan
- Mass Spec. Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Mass Spec. Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Medipan GmBH, Dahlewitz, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Donato AJ, Morgan RG, Walker AE, Lesniewski LA. Cellular and molecular biology of aging endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:122-35. [PMID: 25655936 PMCID: PMC4522407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and aging is a major risk factor for CVD development. One of the major age-related arterial phenotypes thought to be responsible for the development of CVD in older adults is endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function is modulated by traditional CVD risk factors in young adults, but advancing age is independently associated with the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction results from a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability downstream of endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation that can be further modulated by traditional CVD risk factors in older adults. Greater endothelial oxidative stress with aging is a result of augmented production from the intracellular enzymes NADPH oxidase and uncoupled eNOS, as well as from mitochondrial respiration in the absence of appropriate increases in antioxidant defenses as regulated by relevant transcription factors, such as FOXO. Interestingly, it appears that NFkB, a critical inflammatory transcription factor, is sensitive to this age-related endothelial redox change and its activation induces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can further suppress endothelial function, thus creating a vicious feed-forward cycle. This review will discuss the two macro-mechanistic processes, oxidative stress and inflammation, that contribute to endothelial dysfunction with advancing age as well as the cellular and molecular events that lead to the vicious cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress in the aged endothelium. Other potential mediators of this pro-inflammatory endothelial phenotype are increases in immune or senescent cells in the vasculature. Of note, genomic instability, telomere dysfunction or DNA damage has been shown to trigger cell senescence via the p53/p21 pathway and result in increased inflammatory signaling in arteries from older adults. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the emerging concepts of senescence and genomic instability as mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and inflammation in the aged endothelium. Lastly, energy sensitive/stress resistance pathways (SIRT-1, AMPK, mTOR) are altered in endothelial cells and/or arteries with aging and these pathways may modulate endothelial function via key oxidative stress and inflammation-related transcription factors. This review will also discuss what is known about the role of "energy sensing" longevity pathways in modulating endothelial function with advancing age. With the growing population of older adults, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction with age is critical to establishing appropriate and measured strategies to utilize pharmacological and lifestyle interventions aimed at alleviating CVD risk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "SI: CV Aging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - R Garrett Morgan
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley E Walker
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Raschenberger J, Kollerits B, Titze S, Köttgen A, Bärthlein B, Ekici AB, Forer L, Schönherr S, Weissensteiner H, Haun M, Wanner C, Eckardt KU, Kronenberg F. Association of relative telomere length with cardiovascular disease in a large chronic kidney disease cohort: the GCKD study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:529-34. [PMID: 26302167 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10-15% of the general population and affected individuals are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since telomere length is considered to be involved in biological aging, we tested whether relative telomere length (RTL) might be a marker for these two diseases. METHODS The German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study is an ongoing prospective cohort study including patients with CKD of moderate severity. RTL was measured by qPCR in 4955 out of 5217 GCKD patients at baseline. RESULTS RTL was distributed in the cohort with a mean ± SD of 0.95 ± 0.19. CVD was present in 1266 patients. Each decrease of RTL by 0.1 unit was associated with a higher probability for prevalent CVD: OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11, p = 0.007 (adjusted for age, sex, eGFR, BMI, ln-CRP, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and lipids). Similar findings were observed for history of specific CVD entities, such as coronary artery disease (OR = 1.05, p = 0.025), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.08, p = 0.013) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (OR = 1.06, p = 0.032). The strongest associations were found for interventions at the carotid arteries (OR = 1.25, p = 0.001) as well as aortic aneurysms (OR = 1.22, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the presence of CKD there is a significant association between shorter RTL and CVD manifestations. RTL appears to be a marker reflecting changes in homeostasis associated with CKD that may contribute to the excess CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Raschenberger
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kollerits
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephanie Titze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Bärthlein
- Chair of Medical Informatics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Forer
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Haun
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Menteşe U, Turan I, Usta S, Demir S, Koral Ö, Öztaş Menteşe S, Çavuşoğlu IG, Karahan SC, Alver A, Doğan OV, Aykan AÇ. Systemic oxidant/antioxidant balance in human abdominal aortic aneurysm. Perfusion 2015; 31:288-94. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659115598856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Forty-two consecutive patients with AAA and 46 control subjects were included. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) value determined. Serum TOS and OSI values in patients with AAA were higher than those in the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between abdominal aortic diameters, serum TOS levels (r=0.592, p<0.001) and OSI values (r=0.598, p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17.68 µmol H2O2 equivalent/L for TOS was associated with 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity and a cut-off value of 1.77 for OSI was associated with 86% sensitivity and 81% specificity for predicting AAA. Systemic oxidative imbalance develops in patients with AAA, particularly as a result of an increase in TOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Menteşe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Gümüşhane University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Sefer Usta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Özgür Koral
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seda Öztaş Menteşe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kanuni Teaching and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ismail Gökhan Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Radiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Caner Karahan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Orhan Veli Doğan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çağrı Aykan
- Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
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Ciavarella C, Alviano F, Gallitto E, Ricci F, Buzzi M, Velati C, Stella A, Freyrie A, Pasquinelli G. Human Vascular Wall Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Contribute to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathogenesis Through an Impaired Immunomodulatory Activity and Increased Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9. Circ J 2015; 79:1460-9. [PMID: 25854712 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main histopathological features of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are tissue proteolysis mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammation. This study aimed at verifying the presence and contribution of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to aneurysmal tissue remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS MSCs were successfully isolated from the AAA wall of 12 male patients and were found to express mesenchymal and stemness markers. MMP-2/-9 are involved in AAA progression and their mRNA levels in AAA-MSCs resulted higher than healthy MSCs (cMSCs), especially MMP-9 (400-fold increased). Moreover, MMP-9 protein and activity were pronounced in AAA-MSCs. Immunomodulation was tested in AAA-MSCs after co-culture with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and revealed a weak immunosuppressive action on PBMC proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, flow cytometry assay), together with a reduced expression of anti-inflammatory molecules (HLA-G, IL-10) by AAA-MSCs compared to cMSCs. MMP-9 expression in AAA-MSCs was shown to be negatively modulated under the influence of cMSCs and exogenous IL-10. CONCLUSIONS MSCs with stemness properties are niched in human AAA tissues and display a dysregulation of functional activities; that is, upregulation of MMP-9 and ineffective immunomodulatory capacity, which are crucial in the AAA progression; the possibility to modulate the increased MMP-9 expression by healthy MSCs and IL-10 suggests that novel therapeutic strategies are possible for slowing down AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ciavarella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna
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Role of arterial telomere dysfunction in hypertension: relative contributions of telomere shortening and telomere uncapping. J Hypertens 2015; 32:1293-9. [PMID: 24686009 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere shortening in arteries could lead to telomere uncapping and cellular senescence, which in turn could promote the development of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the novel role of arterial telomere dysfunction in hypertension, we compared mean telomere length (qPCR), telomere uncapping (serine 139 phosphorylated histone γ-H2A.X (γ-H2) localized to telomeres: ChIP), and tumor suppressor protein p53 (P53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)-induced senescence (P53 bound to P21 gene promoter: ChIP) in arteries from 55 age-matched hypertensive and nonhypertensive individuals. Arterial mean telomere length was not different in hypertensive patients compared with nonhypertensive individuals (P = 0.29). Arterial telomere uncapping and P53/P21-induced senescence were two-fold greater in hypertensive patients compared with nonhypertensive individuals (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Arterial mean telomere length was not associated with telomere uncapping or P53/P21-induced senescence (r = -0.02, P = 0.44 and r = 0.01, P = 0.50, respectively), but telomere uncapping was a highly influential covariate for the hypertension group difference in P53/P21-induced senescence (r = 0.62, P < 0.001, η(p)(2) = 0.35). Finally, telomere uncapping was a significant predictor of hypertension status (P = 0.03), whereas mean telomere length was not (P = 0.68). CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that arterial telomere uncapping and P53/P21-induced senescence are linked to hypertension independently of mean telomere length, and telomere uncapping influences hypertension status more than mean telomere length.
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Kaya A, Kaya Y, Gunaydin ZY, Enginyurt O, Polat YK, Topcu S, Saritemur M. Relationship between Serum Gamma-glutamyl Transferase Levels with Ascending Aortic Dilatation. Eurasian J Med 2015; 46:89-95. [PMID: 25610305 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2014.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly promote oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown the relationship between the dilatation of the ascending aorta and oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the relationship between serum GGT concentrations with dilatation of the ascending aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety patients with ascending aortic dilatation and 90 age-sex-matched patients without aortic dilatation were included in the study. The patients were evaluated by a complete transthoracic echocardiographic examination including measurement of the aortic dimensions, where a diameter of 3.7 cm and above was accepted as ascending aortic dilatation. Serum GGT concentration was measured in all patients. RESULTS In the group with aortic dilatation, HT frequency, serum uric acid, hs-CRP and GGT levels, the LV mass index, and the left atrial volume index were found to be higher than the control group. The logistic regression analysis showed that only HT frequency (OR:1.23, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p value: 0.02), the LA volume index (OR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.21±1.4, p:0.005) and serum GGT levels (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.01±1.20, p:0.03) were found to be independent predictors. There was a significant correlation between serum GGT levels and ascending aortic diameter (r: 0.268, p<0.001). In the ROC curve analysis, AUC was 0.659 (0.580±0.738) for a 23.5 serum GGT cut-off value (64% sensitivity and 53% specificity). CONCLUSION We found that serum GGT concentration was significantly associated with ascending aortic dilatation. Large epidemiological studies are required to correlate the findings from this study with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Ozgur Enginyurt
- Department of Family Medicine, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Kursat Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Selim Topcu
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Saritemur
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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72
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Serra R, Grande R, Montemurro R, Butrico L, Caliò FG, Mastrangelo D, Scarcello E, Gallelli L, Buffone G, de Franciscis S. The role of matrix metalloproteinases and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in central and peripheral arterial aneurysms. Surgery 2015; 157:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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73
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Strauss E, Oszkinis G, Staniszewski R. SEPP1 gene variants and abdominal aortic aneurysm: gene association in relation to metabolic risk factors and peripheral arterial disease coexistence. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7061. [PMID: 25395084 PMCID: PMC4231327 DOI: 10.1038/srep07061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An inadequate selenium level is supposed to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However little is known about variation of the genes encoding selenium-containing proteins that would confirm the causality in these diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between two functional variants of selenoprotein P gene (SEPP1 rs3877899G>A, rs7579G>A) and the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD), as well as their metabolic risk factors. In AAA, the rs3877899A allele was associated with higher systolic blood (P < .003) and pulse pressure (P < .003) values (recessive model), and with coexistence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD; carriers: P = .033). The other SEPP1 variants were associated with BMI values and influenced the risk of aortic diseases, depending on body weight. The strongest associations in the case-control analysis was found between the presence of the rs3877899G-rs7579G haplotype and development of AAA in overweight and obese subjects (OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.16-2.79, P = .008). The higher BMI values were correlated with lower age of AAA patients and larger size of aneurysm. Our results suggests the potential role of the selenoprotein P in pathogenesis of AAA. Future studies should consider the role of the rs3877899G-rs7579G haplotype as a risk factor for aggressive-growing AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Strauss
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland [2] Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Oszkinis
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Staniszewski
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
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74
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A deletion in chromosome 6q is associated with human abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:475-84. [PMID: 24708024 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current efforts to identify the genetic contribution to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have mainly focused on the assessment of germ-line variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of acquired chromosomal aberrations in human AAA. Microarray data of ten biopsies obtained from the site of main AAA dilatation (AAA body) and three control biopsies obtained from the macroscopically non-dilated neck of the AAA (AAA neck) were initially compared with identified chromosomal aneuploidies using the Chromosomal Aberration Region Miner (ChARM) software. A commonly deleted segment of chromosome bands 6 (q22.1-23.2) was predicted within AAA biopsies. This finding was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)-based DNA copy number assessments of an independent set of six AAA body and neck biopsies which identified a fold copy number change (∆KCt) of -1±0.35, suggesting the loss of one copy of the long interspersed nucleotide element type 1 (LINE-1) mapped to chromosome 6 (q22.1-23.2). The median relative genomic content of LINE-1 DNA was also reduced in AAA body compared with AAA neck biopsies (1.540 compared with 3.159; P=0.031). A gene important for vascular homoeostasis mapped to 6q23.1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), was assessed and found to be significantly down-regulated within AAA bodies compared with AAA necks (0.261 compared with 0.627; P=0.031), as determined by reverse transcription qPCR using total RNA as a template. Histology demonstrated marked staining for macrophages within AAA body biopsies. We found in vitro that the median relative genomic content of LINE-1 DNA in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) exposed to pro-inflammatory medium was ~1.5 times greater than that measured in control AoSMCs exposed to non-conditioned medium (3.044 compared with 2.040; P=0.015). Our findings suggest that acquired chromosomal aberrations associated with retrotransposon propagation may predispose to sporadic AAA.
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75
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Palmieri D, Cafueri G, Mongelli F, Pezzolo A, Pistoia V, Palombo D. Telomere shortening and increased oxidative stress are restricted to venous tissue in patients with varicose veins: A merely local disease? Vasc Med 2014; 19:125-130. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14525002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shortened telomere length (TL) and oxidative stress have been described in several vascular disorders at both the tissue and circulating level. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports about TL associated with varicose vein (VV) disease. This paper aimed to evaluate, at the tissue and circulating level, TL and oxidative stress in VV disease, compared to the corresponding counterparts from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients and control healthy subjects. TL was measured using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance/s (TBARS) assay. At the vascular tissue level, VV patients had shortened TL and a high MDA concentration, similarly to AAA patients. Conversely, blood lymphocytes and epidermal cells from VV patients had a TL similar to healthy controls and significantly longer than the same cells from AAA patients. Moreover, the MDA concentration in plasma from VV patients was significantly lower than from the AAA group. Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between the blood lymphocyte TL and plasma MDA level. Our results suggest that, unlike AAA, telomere attrition in VV tissue is not a systemic phenomenon but it may be attributable to tissue microenvironment conditions and possibly to high local oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Palmieri
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology, DISC, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino – IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cafueri
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology, DISC, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino – IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Mongelli
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology, DISC, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino – IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology, DISC, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino – IST, Genoa, Italy
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Siu KL, Miao XN, Cai H. Recoupling of eNOS with folic acid prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E null mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88899. [PMID: 24558445 PMCID: PMC3928303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that eNOS uncoupling mediates abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in hph-1 mice. In the present study we examined whether recoupling of eNOS prevents AAA formation in a well-established model of Angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E (apoE) null mice by targeting some common pathologies of AAA. Infusion of Ang II resulted in a 92% incidence rate of AAA in the apoE null animals. In a separate group, animals were treated orally with folic acid (FA), which is known to recouple eNOS through augmentation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) function. This resulted in a reduction of AAA rate to 19.5%. Imaging with ultrasound showed that FA markedly inhibited expansion of abdominal aorta. FA also abolished elastin breakdown and macrophage infiltration in the AAA animals. The eNOS uncoupling activity, assessed by L-NAME-sensitive superoxide production, was minimal at baseline but greatly exaggerated with Ang II infusion, which was completely attenuated by FA. This was accompanied by markedly improved tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide bioavailability. Furthermore, the expression and activity of DHFR was decreased in Ang II-infused apoE null mice specifically in the endothelial cells, while FA administration resulted in its recovery. Taken together, these data further establish a significant role of uncoupled eNOS in mediating AAA formation, and a universal efficacy of FA in preventing AAA formation via restoration of DHFR to restore eNOS function.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Biopterins/analogs & derivatives
- Biopterins/metabolism
- Folic Acid/administration & dosage
- Folic Acid/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Radiography
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Ultrasonography
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Lung Siu
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiao Niu Miao
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Cai
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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77
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Riches K, Angelini TG, Mudhar GS, Kaye J, Clark E, Bailey MA, Sohrabi S, Korossis S, Walker PG, Scott DJA, Porter KE. Exploring smooth muscle phenotype and function in a bioreactor model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Transl Med 2013; 11:208. [PMID: 24028184 PMCID: PMC3847145 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are central to arterial structure and function yet their involvement in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is not well studied. The progressive and silent nature of AAA in man essentially restricts research to the use of “end-stage” tissue recovered during surgical repair. This study aimed to generate an ex vivo model of AAA using protease-treated porcine carotid arteries maintained in a novel bioreactor, and to compare the structural and functional changes in SMC cultured from the recovered vessels with those from human tissue acquired at elective surgical repair. Methods Freshly isolated porcine arteries were pretreated with collagenase and/or elastase before culturing under flow in a bioreactor for 12 days. Human end-stage aneurysmal tissue and saphenous veins from age-matched controls were collected from patients undergoing surgery. SMC were cultured and characterised (immunocytochemistry, measurement of spread cell area) and assessed functionally at the level of proliferation (cell-counting) and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion (gelatin zymography). Cellular senescence was investigated using β-galactosidase staining and apoptosis was quantified using a fluorescence-based caspase 3 assay. Results Co-expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain confirmed all cell populations as SMC. Porcine SMC harvested and cultivated after collagenase/elastase pretreatment displayed a prominent “rhomboid” morphology, increased spread area (32%, P < 0.01), impaired proliferation (47% reduction, P < 0.05), increased senescence (52%, P < 0.001), susceptibility to apoptosis and reduced MMP-2 secretion (60% decrease, P < 0.01) compared with SMC from vehicle, collagenase or elastase pre-treated vessels. Notably, these changes were comparable to those observed in human AAA SMC which were 2.4-fold larger than non-aneurysmal SMC (P < 0.001) and exhibited reduced proliferation (39% reduction, P < 0.001), greater apoptosis (4-fold increase, P < 0.001), and increased senescence (61%, P < 0.05). Conclusions Combined collagenase/elastase exposure of porcine artery maintained in a bioreactor under flow conditions induced a SMC phenotype characteristic of those cultured from end-stage AAA specimens. This model has potential and versatility to examine temporal changes in SMC biology and to identify the molecular mechanisms leading to early aberrancies in SMC function. In the longer term this may inform new targets to maintain aortic SMC content and drive cells to a “reparative” phenotype at early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Riches
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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78
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Combination therapy with atorvastatin and amlodipine suppresses angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72558. [PMID: 23967318 PMCID: PMC3742630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease. It is controversial whether statin and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) has an inhibitory effect on the expansion of AAA. Some studies reported that CCBs have an inhibitory effect on Rho-kinase activity. Rho-kinase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no study reporting of the association between Rho-kinase and human AAAs. Methods and Results Experimental AAA was induced in Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II (AngII) for 28 days. They were randomly divided into the following 5 groups; saline infusion alone (sham), AngII infusion alone, AngII infusion plus atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), AngII infusion plus amlodipine (1 mg/kg/day), and AngII infusion plus combination therapy with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) and amlodipine (1 mg/kg/day). The combination therapy significantly suppressed AngII-induced increase in maximal aortic diameter as compared with sham, whereas each monotherapy had no inhibitory effects. The combination therapy significantly reduced AngII-induced apoptosis and elastin degradation at the AAA lesion, whereas each monotherapy did not. Moreover, Rho-kinase activity, as evaluated by the extent of phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit (a substrate of Rho-kinase) and matrix metalloproteinase activity were significantly increased in the AngII-induced AAA lesion as compared with sham, both of which were again significantly suppressed by the combination therapy. In human aortic samples, immunohistochemistory revealed that the activity and expression of Rho-kinase was up-regulated in AAA lesion as compared with abdominal aorta from control subjects. Conclusions Rho-kinase is up-regulated in the aortic wall of human AAA. The combination therapy with amlodipine and Atorvastatin, but not each monotherapy, suppresses AngII-induced AAA formation in mice in vivo, for which Rho-kinase inhibition may be involved.
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79
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Bashur CA, Rao RR, Ramamurthi A. Perspectives on stem cell-based elastic matrix regenerative therapies for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:401-8. [PMID: 23677642 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are potentially fatal conditions that are characterized by decreased flexibility of the aortic wall due to proteolytic loss of the structural matrix. This leads to their gradual weakening and ultimate rupture. Drug-based inhibition of proteolytic enzymes may provide a nonsurgical treatment alternative for growing AAAs, although it might at best be sufficient to slow their growth. Regenerative repair of disrupted elastic matrix is required if regression of AAAs to a healthy state is to be achieved. Terminally differentiated adult and diseased vascular cells are poorly capable of affecting such regenerative repair. In this context, stem cells and their smooth muscle cell-like derivatives may represent alternate cell sources for regenerative AAA cell therapies. This article examines the pros and cons of using different autologous stem cell sources for AAA therapy, the requirements they must fulfill to provide therapeutic benefit, and the current progress toward characterizing the cells' ability to synthesize elastin, assemble elastic matrix structures, and influence the regenerative potential of diseased vascular cell types. The article also provides a detailed perspective on the limitations, uncertainties, and challenges that will need to be overcome or circumvented to translate current strategies for stem cell use into clinically viable AAA therapies. These therapies will provide a much needed nonsurgical treatment option for the rapidly growing, high-risk, and vulnerable elderly demographic.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/rehabilitation
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/therapy
- Becaplermin
- Elasticity/drug effects
- Elasticity/physiology
- Elastin/biosynthesis
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Humans
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Regeneration/physiology
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Stem Cell Transplantation/trends
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Bashur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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80
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Bailey MA, Rashid ST, Bridge KI, Griffin KJ, Brown E, Guerrero RR, Patel JV, Scott DJA. Images in vascular medicine. Large thoraco-abdominal aneurysm in a 3-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis. Vasc Med 2013; 18:147-8. [PMID: 23411746 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x13475690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Bailey
- Yorkshire Regional Paediatric Vascular Centre, The Leeds Vascular Institute, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK
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81
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Jin J, Arif B, Garcia-Fernandez F, Ennis TL, Davis EC, Thompson RW, Curci JA. Novel mechanism of aortic aneurysm development in mice associated with smoking and leukocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2901-9. [PMID: 23042818 PMCID: PMC3506015 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms promoting abdominal aortic aneurysm development with tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments used the elastase perfusion model of abdominal aortic aneurysms with smoke-free controls. The effect of TS exposure was evaluated in C57/Bl6 mice, after broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with doxycycline and in mice deficient in matrix metalloproteinase-9, matrix metalloproteinase-12, Cathepsin-S, and Neutrophil Elastase. Preparations of washed marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood leukocytes were transferred to smoke-free mice from 6-week TS-exposed mice or smoke-free mice. All mice were euthanized 14 days after elastase perfusion, and the percentage of change in aortic diameter (%Δ aortic diameter) was calculated. Electron microscopy of aortic tissue from animals exposed to TS without elastase exposure did not demonstrate any ultrastructural changes. Neither doxycycline nor any specific elastase deficiency was effective at preventing an increase in %Δ aortic diameter in TS-exposed animals. Smoke exposure for 6 weeks increased the %Δ aortic diameter after a smoke-free interval of up to 6 weeks before elastase perfusion. Leukocyte preparations from TS-exposed mice localized to abdominal aortic aneurysms and increased the %Δ aortic diameter in smoke-free mice. CONCLUSIONS The effect of TS on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms is not dependent on the activity of elastolytic enzymes and persists for long periods despite cessation of TS. Alterations in leukocyte response to aortic injury appear to mediate this effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/ultrastructure
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Cathepsins/deficiency
- Cathepsins/genetics
- Cathepsins/physiology
- Cell Count
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Leukocyte Elastase/deficiency
- Leukocyte Elastase/genetics
- Leukocyte Elastase/physiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/deficiency
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/physiology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/deficiency
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/physiology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Smoking/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jin
- Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Batool Arif
- Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | | | - Terri L. Ennis
- Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, CA
| | - Robert W. Thompson
- Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
| | - John A. Curci
- Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
- Department of Surgery, John Cochran VAMC, St. Louis, USA
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Huusko TJ, Santaniemi M, Kakko S, Taskinen P, Ukkola O, Kesäniemi YA, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T. Long telomeres in blood leukocytes are associated with a high risk of ascending aortic aneurysm. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50828. [PMID: 23209831 PMCID: PMC3510165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascending aortic aneurysm is a connective tissue disorder. Even though multiple novel gene mutations have been identified, risk profiling and diagnosis before rupture still represent a challenge. There are studies demonstrating shorter telomere lengths in the blood leukocytes of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. The aim of this study was to measure whether relative telomere lengths are changed in the blood leukocytes of ascending aortic aneurysm patients. We also studied the expression of telomerase in aortic tissue samples of ascending aortic aneurysms. Relative lengths of leukocyte telomeres were determined from blood samples of patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and compared with healthy controls. Telomerase expression, both at the level of mRNA and protein, was quantified from the aortic tissue samples. Mean relative telomere length was significantly longer in ascending aortic aneurysm blood samples compared with controls (T/S ratio 0.87 vs. 0.61, p<0.001). Expressions of telomerase mRNA and protein were elevated in the aortic aneurysm samples (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Our study reveals a significant difference in the mean length of blood leukocyte telomeres in ascending aortic aneurysm and controls. Furthermore, expression of telomerase, the main compensating factor for telomere loss, is elevated at both the mRNA and protein level in the samples of aneurysmal aorta. Further studies will be needed to confirm if this change in telomere length can serve as a tool for assessing the risk of ascending aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija J Huusko
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Acilan C, Serhatli M, Kacar O, Adiguzel Z, Tuncer A, Hayran M, Baysal K. Smooth muscle cells isolated from thoracic aortic aneurysms exhibit increased genomic damage, but similar tendency for apoptosis. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1523-34. [PMID: 22871164 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AA) are characterized by structural deterioration leading to progressive dilation. During the development of AA, two key structural changes are pronounced, one being degradation of extracellular matrix and the other loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced above physiological levels in dilated (aneurismal) part of the aorta compared to the nondilated part and they are known to be associated with both the extracellular matrix degradation and the loss of SMCs. In this study, we hypothesized that aneurismal SMCs are more prone to apoptosis and that at least some cells undergo apoptosis due to elevated ROS in the aortic wall. To test this hypothesis, we first isolated SMCs from thoracic aneurismal tissue and compared their apoptotic tendency with normal SMCs in response to H(2)O(2), oxidized sterol, or UV treatment. Exposed cells exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) further confirmed the fragmentation of nuclear DNA in these cells. Vascular SMCs were analyzed for their micronuclei (MN) and binucleate (BN) frequency as indicators of genomic abnormality. These data were then compared to patient parameters, including age, gender, hypertension, or aortic diameter for existing correlations. While the tendency for apoptosis was not significantly different compared to normal cells, both the %MN and %BN were higher in aneurismal SMCs. The data suggest that there is increased DNA damage in TAA samples, which might play a pivotal role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Acilan
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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