51
|
Liu G, Yan T, Li X, Sun J, Zhang B, Wang H, Zhu Y. Daam1 activates RhoA to regulate Wnt5a‑induced glioblastoma cell invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:465-472. [PMID: 29207169 PMCID: PMC5783613 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway of dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) triggered by Wnt5a drives cell movement and migration during breast cancer metastasis. However, Wnt5a signaling in glioblastoma progression remains poorly defined. Wnt5a expression and activations of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 were detected in human glioblastoma tissues by using ELISA assays and small G-protein activation assays, respectively. The cell invasion rate and Daam1 activation of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells were determined by cell invasion assays and pull-down assays, respectively. According to our experiments, Wnt5a expression and RhoA activation were upregulated in invasive glioblastoma tissues, with a significant positive correlation between them. Wnt5a activated Daam1 and RhoA, and subsequently promoted the invasion of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells. This process was abolished by secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), an antagonist that directly binds to Wnt5a. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Daam1 markedly inhibited Wnt5a-induced RhoA activation, stress fiber formation and glioblastoma cell invasion. CCG-1423, a RhoA inhibitor, decreased Wnt5a-induced stress fiber formation and glioblastoma cell invasion. Finally, siRNA targeting Daam1 or CCG-1423 treatment did not alter the cell proliferation of glioblastoma U251 and T98MG cells. We thus concluded that Wnt5a promoted glioblastoma cell invasion via Daam1/RhoA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drugs of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan Fourth People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Dai B, Yan T, Zhang A. ROR2 receptor promotes the migration of osteosarcoma cells in response to Wnt5a. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:112. [PMID: 29213214 PMCID: PMC5707918 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have reported that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/RhoA signaling pathway mediates Wnt5a-induced cell migration of osteosarcoma cells. However, the specific receptors responding to Wnt5a ligand remain poorly defined in osteosarcoma metastasis. Methods Wound healing assays were used to measure the migration rate of osteosarcoma cells transfected with shRNA or siRNA specific against ROR2 or indicated constructs. We evaluated the RhoA activation in osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2OS cells with RhoA activation assay. A panel of inhibitors of PI3K and Akt treated osteosarcoma cells and blocked kinase activity. Western blotting assays were employed to measure the expression and activation of Akt. Clonogenic assays were used to measure the cell proliferation of ROR2-knockdown or ROR2-overexpressed osteosarcoma cells. Results Wnt5a-induced osteosarcoma cell migration was largely abolished by shRNA or siRNA specific against ROR2. Overexpression of RhoA-CA (GFP-RhoA-V14) was able to rescue the Wnt5a-induced cell migration blocked by ROR2 knockdown. The Wnt5a-induced activation of RhoA was mostly blocked by ROR2 knockdown, and elevated by ROR2 overexpression, respectively. Furthermore, we found that Wnt5a-induced cell migration was significantly retarded by RhoA-siRNA transfection or pretreatment of HS-173 (PI3Kα inhibitor), MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor), A-674563 (Akt1 inhibitor), or CCT128930 (Akt2 inhibitor). The activation of Akt was upregulated or downregulated by transfected with ROR2-Flag or ROR2-siRNA, respectively. Lastly, Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling does not alter the cell proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrate that ROR2 receptor responding to Wnt5a ligand activates PI3K/Akt/RhoA signaling and promotes the migration of osteosarcoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Binhai, 224500 Jiangsu China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ailiang Zhang
- Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhu W, Krishna S, Garcia C, Lin CCJ, Mitchell BD, Scott KL, Mohila CA, Creighton CJ, Yoo SH, Lee HK, Deneen B. Daam2 driven degradation of VHL promotes gliomagenesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29053101 PMCID: PMC5650470 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Hippel-Landau (VHL) protein is a potent tumor suppressor regulating numerous pathways that drive cancer, but mutations in VHL are restricted to limited subsets of malignancies. Here we identified a novel mechanism for VHL suppression in tumors that do not have inactivating mutations. Using developmental processes to uncover new pathways contributing to tumorigenesis, we found that Daam2 promotes glioma formation. Protein expression screening identified an inverse correlation between Daam2 and VHL expression across a host of cancers, including glioma. These in silico insights guided corroborating functional studies, which revealed that Daam2 promotes tumorigenesis by suppressing VHL expression. Furthermore, biochemical analyses demonstrate that Daam2 associates with VHL and facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation. Together, these studies are the first to define an upstream mechanism regulating VHL suppression in cancer and describe the role of Daam2 in tumorigenesis. Glioblastoma is the deadliest form of brain cancer, and the rate of patient survival has not significantly improved over the past 70 years. This cancer arises when glial cells, which provide support and insulation to nerve cells, develop mutations that alter the activity of certain genes or alter the role they play in cells. However, there are also several key genes linked to glioblastomas that don’t exhibit mutations, such as the gene that encodes the Von Hippel Landau protein (or VHL for short). This protein normally helps to protect us from developing cancer, but it is not clear how this protein is prevented from performing this role in glioblastomas. One possibility is that proteins that regulate how cells grow and develop may control VHL. For example, a protein called Daam2 plays a critical role in a signaling pathway that is required for glial cell development. Zhu et al. used biochemical techniques to study Daam2 and VHL in both human cells and mouse models of glioblastoma. The experiments show that glioblastoma cells have lower levels of VHL compared to normal cells. This decrease is caused by Daam 2, which interacts with VHL and promotes its degradation. Further experiments found that in several different types of cancer, higher levels of Daam2 are linked with the presence of lower levels of VHL. These findings indicate that the interaction between Daam2 and VHL could be a new target for drugs to treat glioblastoma and possibly other forms of cancer. Daam2 and VHL have also been linked to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy and other diseases that affect the nervous system. Therefore, understanding how these proteins interact may also help to develop new treatments for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,The Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Saritha Krishna
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Cristina Garcia
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Chia-Ching John Lin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Bartley D Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Carrie A Mohila
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Heath Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,The Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Li S, Yan T, Deng R, Jiang X, Xiong H, Wang Y, Yu Q, Wang X, Chen C, Zhu Y. Low dose of kaempferol suppresses the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells by downregulating the activities of RhoA and Rac1. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4809-4819. [PMID: 29042792 PMCID: PMC5633285 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an especially aggressive and hard-to-treat disease. Although the anticancer role of kaempferol has been reported in breast cancer, the effect of kaempferol on TNBC remains unclear. Materials and methods This experiment investigated the migration-suppressive role of a low dose of kaempferol in TNBC cells. Wound-healing assays and cell invasion assays were used to confirm the migration and invasion of cells treated with kaempferol or transfected indicated constructs. We evaluated the activations of RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 in TNBC cells with a Rho activation assay. A panel of inhibitors of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER/PR/HER2) treated non-TNBC (SK-BR-3 and MCF-7) cells and blocked the ER/PR/HER2 activity. Wound-healing assays and Rho activation assays were employed to measure the effect of kaempferol and ER/PR/HER2 inhibitors on Rho activation and cell migration rates. Results A low dose of kaempferol (20 μmol/L) had a potent inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of TNBC cells, but not on the migration of non-TNBC (SK-BR-3 and MCF-7) cells. The low dose of kaempferol downregulated the activations of RhoA and Rac1 in TNBC cells. Moreover, the low dose of kaempferol also inhibited the migration and RhoA activations of HER2-silence SK-BR-3 and ER/PR-silence MCF-7 cells. Overexpressed HER2 rescued the cell migration and RhoA and Rac1 activations of kaempferol-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion The low dose of kaempferol inhibits the migration and invasion of TNBC cells via blocking RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoushan Li
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Siyang County
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Rong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Huaping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Siyang County
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Siyang County
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Bayerlová M, Menck K, Klemm F, Wolff A, Pukrop T, Binder C, Beißbarth T, Bleckmann A. Ror2 Signaling and Its Relevance in Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2017; 7:135. [PMID: 28695110 PMCID: PMC5483589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and has been classified into five molecular subtypes based on gene expression profiles. Signaling processes linked to different breast cancer molecular subtypes and different clinical outcomes are still poorly understood. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in breast cancer progression. In particular Ror1/2 receptors and several other members of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway were associated with aggressive breast cancer behavior. However, Wnt signals are mediated via multiple complex pathways, and it is clinically important to determine which particular Wnt cascades, including their domains and targets, are deregulated in poor prognosis breast cancer. To investigate activation and outcome of the Ror2-dependent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, we overexpressed the Ror2 receptor in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, stimulated the cells with its ligand Wnt5a, and we knocked-down Ror1 in MDA-MB231 cells. We measured the invasive capacity of perturbed cells to assess phenotypic changes, and mRNA was profiled to quantify gene expression changes. Differentially expressed genes were integrated into a literature-based non-canonical Wnt signaling network. The results were further used in the analysis of an independent dataset of breast cancer patients with metastasis-free survival annotation. Overexpression of the Ror2 receptor, stimulation with Wnt5a, as well as the combination of both perturbations enhanced invasiveness of MCF-7 cells. The expression-responsive targets of Ror2 overexpression in MCF-7 induced a Ror2/Wnt module of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These targets alter regulation of other pathways involved in cell remodeling processing and cell metabolism. Furthermore, the genes of the Ror2/Wnt module were assessed as a gene signature in patient gene expression data and showed an association with clinical outcome. In summary, results of this study indicate a role of a newly defined Ror2/Wnt module in breast cancer progression and present a link between Ror2 expression and increased cell invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Bayerlová
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Klemm
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zhao HY, Han Y, Wang J, Yang LH, Zheng XY, Du J, Wu GP, Wang EH. IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 promotes the malignant phenotype of invasive ductal breast carcinoma via canonical Wnt pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705769. [PMID: 28618949 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 is a scaffolding protein with multidomain which plays a role in modulating dishevelled (Dvl) nuclear translocation in canonical Wnt pathway. However, the biological function and mechanism of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) remain unknown. In this study, we found that IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 expression was elevated in invasive ductal carcinoma, which was positively correlated with tumor grade, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis. Coexpression of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 and Dvl in the nucleus and cytoplasm of invasive ductal carcinoma was significantly correlated but not in the membrane. Postoperative survival in the patients with their coexpression in the nucleus and cytoplasm was obviously lower than that without coexpression. The positive expression rates of c-myc and cyclin D1 were significantly higher in the patients with nuclear coexpression of Dvl and IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 than that with cytoplasmic coexpression, correlating with poor prognosis. IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and invasion in invasive ductal carcinoma cell lines by interacting with Dvl in cytoplasm to promote Dvl nuclear translocation so as to upregulate the expression of c-myc and cyclin D1. Collectively, our data suggest that IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 may promote the malignant phenotype of invasive ductal carcinoma via canonical Wnt signaling, and it could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lian-He Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang-Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - En-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhang C, Li C, Chen X, Zhou Y, Yin B, Ni R, Zhang Y, Liu J. Overexpression of dishevelled 2 is involved in tumor metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1507-1517. [PMID: 28589433 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) is one of the downstream targets of non-canonical Wnt signaling, which has been demonstrated to be of great importance in the progression of cancers. Nevertheless, the expression mechanisms and physiological significance of Dvl2 in HCC remain unclear. METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure Dvl2 protein expression in HCC and adjacent normal tissues of 101 patients. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Dvl2 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, its expression level was significantly correlated with histological grade (P = 0.042), metastasis (P = 0.005) and vein invasion (P = 0.009) in patients with HCC. Wound healing and transwell assays showed that knockdown of Dvl2 reduced cell migration and invasion in HepG2 cells. Finally, we confirmed that Dvl2 could regulate the migration and invasion of HCC cells by interacting with P62 in non-canonical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Dvl2 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and was also correlated with poor prognosis, suggesting that Dvl2 is a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Grade 14, Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - C Li
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - B Yin
- Grade 14, Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - R Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20# Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30# Tong Yang Road, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20# Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Zhang A, Yan T, Wang K, Huang Z, Liu J. PI3Kα isoform-dependent activation of RhoA regulates Wnt5a-induced osteosarcoma cell migration. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28289332 PMCID: PMC5310072 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have reported that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway mediated Wnt5a-induced osteosarcoma cell migration. However, the signaling pathways regulating Wnt5a/PI3K/Akt-mediated cell migration remains poorly defined in osteosarcoma cells. Methods We evaluated the activations of RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 in osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2OS cells with small G-protein activation assay. Boyden chamber assays were used to confirm the migration of cells transfected indicated constructs or siRNA specific against RhoA. A panel of inhibitors of PI3K and Akt treated osteosarcoma cells and blocked kinase activity. Western blotting and RhoA activation assay were employed to measure the effect of kinase inhibitors and activations of RhoA and Akt. Results We found that Wnt5a had a potent stimulatory effect on RhoA activation, but not on Rac1 and Cdc42 activations. Wnt5a-induced cell migration was largely abolished by siRNA specific against RhoA. DN-RhoA (GFP-RhoA-N19) was also capable of retarding Wnt5a-induced cell migration, but the overexpression of CA-RhoA (GFP-RhoA-V14) was not able to accelerate cell migration. The Wnt5a-induced activation of RhoA was mostly blocked by pretreatment of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor). Furthermore, we found that the Wnt5a-induced activation of RhoA was mostly blocked by pretreatment of HS-173 (PI3Kα inhibitor). Lastly, the phosphorylation of Akt (p-Ser473) was not altered by transfection with siRNA specific against RhoA or DN-RhoA (GFP-RhoA-N19). Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrate that RhoA acts as the downstream of PI3K/Akt signaling (specific PI3Kα, Akt1 and Akt2 isoforms) and mediated Wnt5a-induced the migration of osteosarcoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0396-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailiang Zhang
- Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Ting Yan
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Kun Wang
- Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Nwabo Kamdje A, Vecchio L, Takam Kamga P, Seke Etet P, Muller J, Bassi G, Krampera M. Developmental Pathways. INTRODUCTION TO CANCER METASTASIS 2017:337-352. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804003-4.00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
60
|
Nwabo Kamdje AH, Takam Kamga P, Tagne Simo R, Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Muller JM, Bassi G, Lukong E, Kumar Goel R, Mbo Amvene J, Krampera M. Developmental pathways associated with cancer metastasis: Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:109-120. [PMID: 28607802 PMCID: PMC5444923 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death, motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Erique Lukong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Mbo Amvene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Corda G, Sala G, Lattanzio R, Iezzi M, Sallese M, Fragassi G, Lamolinara A, Mirza H, Barcaroli D, Ermler S, Silva E, Yasaei H, Newbold RF, Vagnarelli P, Mottolese M, Natali PG, Perracchio L, Quist J, Grigoriadis A, Marra P, Tutt AN, Piantelli M, Iacobelli S, De Laurenzi V, Sala A. Functional and prognostic significance of the genomic amplification of frizzled 6 (FZD6) in breast cancer. J Pathol 2016; 241:350-361. [PMID: 27859262 PMCID: PMC5248601 DOI: 10.1002/path.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Frizzled receptors mediate Wnt ligand signalling, which is crucially involved in regulating tissue development and differentiation, and is often deregulated in cancer. In this study, we found that the gene encoding the Wnt receptor frizzled 6 (FZD6) is frequently amplified in breast cancer, with an increased incidence in the triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Ablation of FZD6 expression in mammary cancer cell lines: (1) inhibited motility and invasion; (2) induced a more symmetrical shape of organoid three‐dimensional cultures; and (3) inhibited bone and liver metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, FZD6 signalling is required for the assembly of the fibronectin matrix, interfering with the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Ectopic delivery of fibronectin in FZD6‐depleted, triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells rearranged the actin cytoskeleton and restored epidermal growth factor‐mediated invasion. In patients with localized, lymph node‐negative (early) breast cancer, positivity of tumour cells for FZD6 protein identified patients with reduced distant relapse‐free survival. Multivariate analysis indicated an independent prognostic significance of FZD6 expression in TNBC tumours, predicting distant, but not local, relapse. We conclude that the FZD6–fibronectin actin axis identified in our study could be exploited for drug development in highly metastatic forms of breast cancer, such as TNBC. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Corda
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Sala
- MediaPharma srl, Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.,Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fragassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.,Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, S. Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Hasan Mirza
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, Research Oncology, King's Health Partners AHSC, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Barcaroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, della Salute e del Territorio, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Elisabete Silva
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Robert F Newbold
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jelmar Quist
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, Research Oncology, King's Health Partners AHSC, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, Research Oncology, King's Health Partners AHSC, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pierfrancesco Marra
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, Research Oncology, King's Health Partners AHSC, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, Research Oncology, King's Health Partners AHSC, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mauro Piantelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Iacobelli
- MediaPharma srl, Chieti, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arturo Sala
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, della Salute e del Territorio, CESI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zeng R, Huang J, Zhong MZ, Li L, Yang G, Liu L, Wu Y, Yao X, Shi J, Wu Z. Multiple Roles of WNT5A in Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5058-5067. [PMID: 28005837 PMCID: PMC5201118 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of women. Modern combinatorial therapeutic regimens can reduce patient tumor burdens to undetectable levels, yet in many cases these tumors will relapse. Understanding of breast cancer biology, developing more potent therapeutic approaches, and overcoming resistance are of great importance. WNT5A is a non-canonical signaling member of the WNT family. Its role in breast cancer still remains unclear. Most of the evidence shows that WNT5A is a suppressor in breast cancer and loss of its expression is associated with poor prognosis, while some evidence suggests the tumorigenicity of WNT5A. WNT signaling molecules are potent targets for treatment of cancer. Therefore, understanding the role of WNT5A in breast cancer may provide new ideas and methods for breast cancer treatment. We review the evidence concerning WNT5A and breast cancer involving the signaling pathways and the molecular-targeted therapy of WNT5A. Our results show that the role WNT5A plays depends on the availability of key receptors and intercellular interactions among different cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Junhui Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Mei-Zuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Guorong Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Liu
- 32th Department, Hunan Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyi Yao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhifu Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Kim JG, Kim MJ, Choi WJ, Moon MY, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Kim J, Kim SC, Kang SG, Seo GY, Kim PH, Park JB. Wnt3A Induces GSK-3β Phosphorylation and β-Catenin Accumulation Through RhoA/ROCK. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1104-1113. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ji Choi
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Moon
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence; School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Goo-Young Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience; School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience; School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Luo K, Gu X, Liu J, Zeng G, Peng L, Huang H, Jiang M, Yang P, Li M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Peng Q, Zhu L, Zhang K. Inhibition of disheveled-2 resensitizes cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells through down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
65
|
Thiele S, Rachner TD, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. WNT5A and Its Receptors in the Bone-Cancer Dialogue. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1488-96. [PMID: 27355180 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is critical for tumorigenesis and skeletal remodeling. However, its contribution to the formation of metastatic bone lesions remains poorly defined. One major challenge of unraveling its role in cancer progression is the high complexity of Wnt signaling, which includes numerous ligands, receptors, and inhibitors, with intricate biological effects and specific signaling pathways depending on the cellular context. In this perspective, we summarize the role of the noncanonical Wnt ligand WNT5A in the development and metastatic process of osteotropic cancer entities. We focus on its tumor-suppressive function in breast cancer, tumor promoting effects in melanoma, and ambiguous role in prostate cancer, and discuss potential challenges and opportunities that may be associated with targeting Wnt signaling for cancer therapy and treatment of bone metastases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Thiele
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Linke F, Zaunig S, Nietert MM, von Bonin F, Lutz S, Dullin C, Janovská P, Beissbarth T, Alves F, Klapper W, Bryja V, Pukrop T, Trümper L, Wilting J, Kube D. WNT5A: a motility-promoting factor in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:13-23. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
67
|
Gandalovičová A, Vomastek T, Rosel D, Brábek J. Cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25022-49. [PMID: 26872368 PMCID: PMC5041887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apico-basal polarity is typical of cells present in differentiated epithelium while front-rear polarity develops in motile cells. In cancer development, the transition from epithelial to migratory polarity may be seen as the hallmark of cancer progression to an invasive and metastatic disease. Despite the morphological and functional dissimilarity, both epithelial and migratory polarity are controlled by a common set of polarity complexes Par, Scribble and Crumbs, phosphoinositides, and small Rho GTPases Rac, Rho and Cdc42. In epithelial tissues, their mutual interplay ensures apico-basal and planar cell polarity. Accordingly, altered functions of these polarity determinants lead to disrupted cell-cell adhesions, cytoskeleton rearrangements and overall loss of epithelial homeostasis. Polarity proteins are further engaged in diverse interactions that promote the establishment of front-rear polarity, and they help cancer cells to adopt different invasion modes. Invading cancer cells can employ either the collective, mesenchymal or amoeboid invasion modes or actively switch between them and gain intermediate phenotypes. Elucidation of the role of polarity proteins during these invasion modes and the associated transitions is a necessary step towards understanding the complex problem of metastasis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the role of cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandalovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Videňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Kumawat K, Gosens R. WNT-5A: signaling and functions in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:567-87. [PMID: 26514730 PMCID: PMC4713724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
WNT-5A plays critical roles in a myriad of processes from embryonic morphogenesis to the maintenance of post-natal homeostasis. WNT-5A knock-out mice fail to survive and present extensive structural malformations. WNT-5A predominantly activates β-catenin-independent WNT signaling cascade but can also activate β-catenin signaling to relay its diverse cellular effects such as cell polarity, migration, proliferation, cell survival, and immunomodulation. Moreover, aberrant WNT-5A signaling is associated with several human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis, and inflammation. Thus, owing to its diverse functions, WNT-5A is a crucial signaling molecule currently under intense investigation with efforts to not only delineate its signaling mechanisms and functions in physiological and pathological conditions, but also to develop strategies for its therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumawat
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ossipova O, Chu CW, Fillatre J, Brott BK, Itoh K, Sokol SY. The involvement of PCP proteins in radial cell intercalations during Xenopus embryonic development. Dev Biol 2015; 408:316-27. [PMID: 26079437 PMCID: PMC4810801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway orients cells in diverse epithelial tissues in Drosophila and vertebrate embryos and has been implicated in many human congenital defects and diseases, such as ciliopathies, polycystic kidney disease and malignant cancers. During vertebrate gastrulation and neurulation, PCP signaling is required for convergent extension movements, which are primarily driven by mediolateral cell intercalations, whereas the role for PCP signaling in radial cell intercalations has been unclear. In this study, we examine the function of the core PCP proteins Vangl2, Prickle3 (Pk3) and Disheveled in the ectodermal cells, which undergo radial intercalations during Xenopus gastrulation and neurulation. In the epidermis, multiciliated cell (MCC) progenitors originate in the inner layer, but subsequently migrate to the embryo surface during neurulation. We find that the Vangl2/Pk protein complexes are enriched at the apical domain of intercalating MCCs and are essential for the MCC intercalatory behavior. Addressing the underlying mechanism, we identified KIF13B, as a motor protein that binds Disheveled. KIF13B is required for MCC intercalation and acts synergistically with Vangl2 and Disheveled, indicating that it may mediate microtubule-dependent trafficking of PCP proteins necessary for cell shape regulation. In the neural plate, the Vangl2/Pk complexes were also concentrated near the outermost surface of deep layer cells, suggesting a general role for PCP in radial intercalation. Consistent with this hypothesis, the ectodermal tissues deficient in Vangl2 or Disheveled functions contained more cell layers than normal tissues. We propose that PCP signaling is essential for both mediolateral and radial cell intercalations during vertebrate morphogenesis. These expanded roles underscore the significance of vertebrate PCP proteins as factors contributing to a number of diseases, including neural tube defects, tumor metastases, and various genetic syndromes characterized by abnormal migratory cell behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ossipova
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chih-Wen Chu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan Fillatre
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Barbara K Brott
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keiji Itoh
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergei Y Sokol
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhao H, Xie C, Lin X, Zhao Y, Han Y, Fan C, Zhang X, Du J, Han Y, Han Q, Wu G, Wang E. Coexpression of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) and Dishevelled (Dvl) is correlated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113713. [PMID: 25436461 PMCID: PMC4249885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) binds to Dishevelled (Dvl) and functions as a modulator of Dvl nuclear localization in Xenopus embryos. However, the relationship between IQGAP1 and Dvl in tumor tissues is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to assess the expressions of IQGAP1 and Dvl in a cohort of 111 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Association of their localization expressions with clinicopathological factors was also analyzed. RESULTS The positive rate of IQGAP1 in primary tumors was 48.6% (54/111) for its cytoplamic expression, 9.0% (10/111) for nuclear expression and 31.5% (35/111) for membranous expression; the positive rate of Dvl was 65.8% (73/111) for cytoplamic expression, 9.9% (11/111) for nuclear expression and 10.8% (12/111) for membranous expression. Coexpression rate of IQGAP1 and Dvl was 77.8% (42/54) in the cytoplasm, 80.0% (8/10) in the nucleus and 8.6% (3/35) in the membrane. Coexpression of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus were significantly correlated (P<0.05), but not in the membrane (P>0.05). The positive expression rates of cyclin D1 and c-myc were significantly higher in the group of IQGAP1 and Dvl coexpression in the nucleus than that in the cytoplasm. Coexpression rate of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus was significantly higher in lymph nodal metastases (63.3%, 19/30) than in primary growths (38.3%, 31/81), correlating with poor prognosis. Five-year survival time after resection in the group with their coexpression in the cytoplasm and nucleus was significantly lower than that with no coexpression (44.705±3.355 vs 58.403±2.543 months, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Coexpression of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus was correlated with the lymph nodal metastase and poor prognosis of NSCLC, and coexpression in nucleus might play a critical role in the activation of canonical Wnt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengyao Xie
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuyong Lin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuifeng Fan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangping Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
RHOA inactivation enhances Wnt signalling and promotes colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5458. [PMID: 25413277 PMCID: PMC4255233 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the small GTPase RHOA has strong oncogenic effects in many tumour types, although its role in colorectal cancer remains unclear. Here we show that RHOA inactivation contributes to colorectal cancer progression/metastasis, largely through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. RhoA inactivation in the murine intestine accelerates the tumorigenic process and in human colon cancer cells leads to the redistribution of β-catenin from the membrane to the nucleus and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signalling, resulting in increased proliferation, invasion and de-differentiation. In mice, RHOA inactivation contributes to colon cancer metastasis and reduced RHOA levels were observed at metastatic sites compared with primary human colon tumours. Therefore, we have identified a new mechanism of activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and characterized the role of RHOA as a novel tumour suppressor in colorectal cancer. These results constitute a shift from the current paradigm and demonstrate that RHO GTPases can suppress tumour progression and metastasis.
Collapse
|
72
|
Zhao H, Zhao Y, Jiang G, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Luan L, Papavassiliou P, Wang E, Wang E. Dishevelled-3 activates p65 to upregulate p120-catenin transcription via a p38-dependent pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54 Suppl 1:E112-21. [PMID: 25156800 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled-3 (Dvl-3) and p120-catenin (p120ctn) have abnormal expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is associated with poor prognosis. Dvl-3 upregulates p120ctn transcription in NSCLC cells, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we transiently transfected Dvl-3 cDNA to NSCLC cells. Dvl-3 transfection is sufficient for induction of p38 signaling. In turn, Dvl-3 induces p38-mediated activation of the p65 so as to facilitate its nuclear translocation. Treatment with SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 (IκB-α phosphorylation inhibitor) suppresses Dvl-3 induced activation of p65. The results further show that active p65 interacts with PAX2 promoter to increase the expression of PAX2 and then PAX2 binds to p120ctn promoter so as to upregulate p120ctn gene transcription. Moreover, Dvl-3 transfection enhanced the binding of active p65 to Sp1 so as to decrease the binding of Sp1 to p120ctn promoter. The above-mentioned effects are linked to biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer cells. These findings confirm that p38 and PAX2 are important for the Dvl-3 induced upregulation of p120ctn. Dvl-3 activates a p38 → p65 → PAX2 → p120ctn pathway to affect biological behavior of NSCLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| | - Qianze Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Pathology, Fengtian Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, China
| | | | - Endi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Interleukin-1β-induced Wnt5a enhances human corneal endothelial cell migration through regulation of Cdc42 and RhoA. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3535-45. [PMID: 25022753 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01572-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a can activate β-catenin-independent pathways for regulation of various cellular functions, such as migration, that play critical roles in wound repair. Investigation of Wnt5a signaling may help identify therapeutic targets for enhancing corneal endothelial wound healing that could provide an alternative to corneal transplantation in patients with blindness from endothelial dysfunction. However, Wnt5a signaling in corneal endothelial cells (CECs) has not been well characterized. In this study, we show transient induction of Wnt5a by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation proceeds through NF-κB in human CECs. This leads to binding of Fzd5 to Ror2, resulting in activation of disheveled protein (Dvl) and subsequently disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1). This leads to activation of Cdc42 and subsequent inhibition of RhoA. Inhibition of RhoA leads to parallel dephosphorylation and inactivation of LIM domain kinase 2 along with dephosphorylation and activation of slingshot 1, resulting in dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin and leading to enhanced cell migration. These findings suggest that Wnt5a enhances cell migration through activation of Cdc42 and inactivation of RhoA in human CECs.
Collapse
|
74
|
Hoffmann AK, Naj X, Linder S. Daam1 is a regulator of filopodia formation and phagocytic uptake of Borrelia burgdorferi by primary human macrophages. FASEB J 2014; 28:3075-89. [PMID: 24696301 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-247049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, an infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, nervous system, and joints. Uptake of borreliae by immune cells is decisive for the course of the infection, and remodelling of the host actin cytoskeleton is crucial in this process. In this study, we showed that the actin-regulatory formin Daam1 is important in Borrelia phagocytosis by primary human macrophages. Uptake of borreliae proceeds preferentially through capture by filopodia and formation of coiling pseudopods that enwrap the spirochetes. Using immunofluorescence, we localized endogenous and overexpressed Daam1 to filopodia and to F-actin-rich uptake structures. Live-cell imaging further showed that Daam1 is enriched at coiling pseudopods that arise from the macrophage surface. This filopodia-independent step was corroborated by control experiments of phagocytic cup formation with latex beads. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Daam1 led to a 65% reduction of borreliae-induced filopodia, and, as shown by the outside-inside staining technique, to a 50% decrease in phagocytic uptake of borreliae, as well as a 37% reduction in coiling pseudopod formation. Collectively, we showed that Daam1 plays a dual role in the phagocytic uptake of borreliae: first, as a regulator of filopodia, which are used for capturing spirochetes, and second, in the formation of the coiling pseudopod that enwraps the bacterial cell. These data identify Daam1 as a novel regulator of B. burgdorferi phagocytosis. At the same time, this is the first demonstration of a role for Daam1 in phagocytic processes in general.-Hoffmann, A.-K., Naj, X., Linder, S. Daam1 is a regulator of filopodia formation and phagocytic uptake of Borrelia burgdorferi by primary human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Hoffmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xenia Naj
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Liu A, Chen S, Cai S, Dong L, Liu L, Yang Y, Guo F, Lu X, He H, Chen Q, Hu S, Qiu H. Wnt5a through noncanonical Wnt/JNK or Wnt/PKC signaling contributes to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90229. [PMID: 24658098 PMCID: PMC3962348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into type II alveolar epithelial (AT II) cells is critical for reepithelization and recovery in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and Wnt signaling was considered to be the underlying mechanisms. In our previous study, we found that canonical Wnt pathway promoted the differentiation of MSCs into AT II cells, however the role of the noncanonical Wnt pathway in this process is unclear. It was disclosed in this study that noncanonical Wnt signaling in mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs (mMSCs) was activated during the differentiation of mMSCs into AT II cells in a modified co-culture system with murine lung epithelial-12 cells and small airway growth media. The levels of surfactant protein (SP) C, SPB and SPD, the specific markers of AT II cells, increased in mMSCs when Wnt5a was added to activate noncanonical Wnt signaling, while pretreatment with JNK or PKC inhibitors reversed the promotion of Wnt5a. The differentiation rate of mMSCs also depends on their abilities to accumulate and survive in inflammatory tissue. We found that the Wnt5a supplement promoted the vertical and horizontal migration of mMSCs, ameliorated the cell death and the reduction of Bcl-2/Bax induced by H2O2. The effect of Wnt5a on the migration of mMSCs and their survival after H2O2 exposure were partially inhibited with PKC or JNK blockers. In conclusion, Wnt5a through Wnt/JNK signaling alone or both Wnt/JNK and Wnt/PKC signaling promoted the differentiation of mMSCs into AT II cells and the migration of mMSCs; through Wnt/PKC signaling, Wnt5a increased the survival of mMSCs after H2O2 exposure in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shixia Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hongli He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qihong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuling Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Bi L, Liu X, Wang C, Cao Y, Mao R, Li P, Geng M. Wnt5a involved in regulation of the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:987-995. [PMID: 24696716 PMCID: PMC3971301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt5a has been shown to be involved in cancer progression in a variety of tumor types. Previous experimental studies have indicated that it has been shown to be down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The goal of this study was to explore the effect of Wnt5a overexpression in an HCC cell line. METHODS We transfected the human HCC cell line Huh7 with a pcDNA3.1-Wnt5a overexpression vector or an empty vector control. The integration of the plasmid DNA and the expression of Wnt5a in Huh7 cells were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. A plate colony formation test was used to calculate the clone formation rate and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The effect of Wnt5a overexpression on cell migration was studied in vitro using a scratch assay and in vivo by xenograft studies in nude mice. RESULTS Our results showed that in Huh7 cells with overexpression of Wnt5a, the fraction of cells in the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle was significantly increased compared with untransfected cells. In agreement with this finding, overexpression of Wnt5a was associated with a lower colony formation rate compared with control cells. In our xenograft studies, nude mice injected with Huh7 cells with overexpression of Wnt5a had decreased tumor volumes compared with controls. The vitro scratch assay revealed that Wnt5a overexpression cells had a diminished capacity for cell migration. Furthermore, we studied the expression of important proteins associated with Wnt5a signaling pathway, and it was found that Ror2 and E-cadherin were both increased in Huh7 cells with overexpression of Wnt5a, whereas p53 expression was unaffected. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Wnt5a in Huh7 cells was associated with decrease of cell proliferation and migration. Wnt5a may act as a tumor-suppressor gene in HCC, which works through the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the Ror2 and E-cadherin receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Bi
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| | - Yongcheng Cao
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| | - Ruiqi Mao
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| | - Ming Geng
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Zhang A, He S, Sun X, Ding L, Bao X, Wang N. Wnt5a promotes migration of human osteosarcoma cells by triggering a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt signals. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:15. [PMID: 24524196 PMCID: PMC3976035 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is classified as a non-transforming Wnt family member and plays complicated roles in oncogenesis and cancer metastasis. However, Wnt5a signaling in osteosarcoma progression remains poorly defined. In this study, we found that Wnt5a stimulated the migration of human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63), with the maximal effect at 100 ng/ml, via enhancing phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt. PI3K and Akt showed visible signs of basal phosphorylation and elevated phosphorylation at 15 min after stimulation with Wnt5a. Pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 significantly blocked the Wnt5a-induced activation of Akt (p-Ser473) and decreased Wnt5a-induced cell migration. Akt siRNA remarkably inhibited Wnt5a-induced cell migration. Additionally, Wnt5a does not alter the total expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in MG-63 cells. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that Wnt5a promoted osteosarcoma cell migration via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings could provide a rationale for designing new therapy targeting osteosarcoma metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou No, 1 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
The involvement of RhoA and Wnt-5a in the tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24187-99. [PMID: 24351810 PMCID: PMC3876104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is involved in Wnt-5a–induced migration of gastric and breast cancer cells. We investigated the roles of RhoA and Wnt-5a in ovarian carcinoma. Methods RhoA and Wnt-5a mRNA and protein expression in normal fallopian tube epithelium, benign tumors, primary ovarian carcinomas, and metastatic omentum were quantified. RhoA or Wnt-5a was knocked down in OVCAR3 ovarian carcinoma cells using siRNAs and cell phenotype and expression of relevant molecules were assayed. Results RhoA and Wnt-5a mRNA and protein expression were found to be significantly higher in metastatic omentum than in ovarian carcinomas, benign tumors, and normal fallopian tube epithelium (p < 0.05), and positively associated with differentiation and FIGO staging (stage I/II vs. stage III/IV) in ovarian carcinoma (p < 0.05). RhoA and Wnt-5a expression were positively correlated in ovarian carcinoma (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.1669). RhoA or Wnt-5a knockdown downregulated RhoA and Wnt-5a expression; reduced cell proliferation; promoted G1 arrest and apoptosis; suppressed lamellipodia formation, cell migration, and invasion; and reduced PI3K, Akt, p70S6k, Bcl-xL, survivin, and VEGF mRNA or protein expression. Conclusions This is the first demonstration that RhoA and Wnt-5a are associated with ovarian carcinogenesis and apoptosis inhibition; there might be positive correlation between RhoA and Wnt-5a expression. RhoA is a potential tumorigenesis, differentiation, and progression biomarker in ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
|
79
|
Welsh IC, Thomsen M, Gludish DW, Alfonso-Parra C, Bai Y, Martin JF, Kurpios NA. Integration of left-right Pitx2 transcription and Wnt signaling drives asymmetric gut morphogenesis via Daam2. Dev Cell 2013; 26:629-44. [PMID: 24091014 PMCID: PMC3965270 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical aspect of gut morphogenesis is initiation of a leftward tilt, and failure to do so leads to gut malrotation and volvulus. The direction of tilt is specified by asymmetric cell behaviors within the dorsal mesentery (DM), which suspends the gut tube, and is downstream of Pitx2, the key transcription factor responsible for the transfer of left-right (L-R) information from early gastrulation to morphogenesis. Although Pitx2 is a master regulator of L-R organ development, its cellular targets that drive asymmetric morphogenesis are not known. Using laser microdissection and targeted gene misexpression in the chicken DM, we show that Pitx2-specific effectors mediate Wnt signaling to activate the formin Daam2, a key Wnt effector and itself a Pitx2 target, linking actin dynamics to cadherin-based junctions to ultimately generate asymmetric cell behaviors. Our work highlights how integration of two conserved cascades may be the ultimate force through which Pitx2 sculpts L-R organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Welsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David W. Gludish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Catalina Alfonso-Parra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natasza A. Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Cui B, Zhang S, Chen L, Yu J, Widhopf GF, Fecteau JF, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ. Targeting ROR1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3649-60. [PMID: 23771907 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Strategies are needed that can inhibit the capacity of cancer cells to migrate across the anatomic barriers and colonize distant organs. Here, we show an association between metastasis and expression of a type I receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor, ROR1, which is expressed during embryogenesis and by various cancers, but not by normal postpartum tissues. We found that expression of ROR1 associates with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs during embryogenesis and cancer metastasis. Breast adenocarcinomas expressing high levels of ROR1 were more likely to have gene expression signatures associated with EMT and had higher rates of relapse and metastasis than breast adenocarcinomas expressing low levels of ROR1. Suppressing expression of ROR1 in metastasis-prone breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, HS-578T, or BT549, attenuated expression of proteins associated with EMT (e.g., vimentin, SNAIL-1/2, and ZEB1), enhanced expression of E-cadherin, epithelial cytokeratins (e.g., CK-19), and tight junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1), and impaired their migration/invasion capacity in vitro and the metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells in immunodeficient mice. Conversely, transfection of MCF-7 cells to express ROR1 reduced expression of E-cadherin and CK-19, but enhanced the expression of SNAIL-1/2 and vimentin. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 with a monoclonal antibody specific for ROR1 induced downmodulation of vimentin and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Collectively, this study indicates that ROR1 may regulate EMT and metastasis and that antibodies targeting ROR1 can inhibit cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cui
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Gray JD, Kholmanskikh S, Castaldo BS, Hansler A, Chung H, Klotz B, Singh S, Brown AMC, Ross ME. LRP6 exerts non-canonical effects on Wnt signaling during neural tube closure. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4267-81. [PMID: 23773994 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 (Lrp6) mutational effects on neurulation were examined using gain (Crooked tail, Lrp6(Cd)) and loss (Lrp6(-)) of function mouse lines. Two features often associated with canonical Wnt signaling, dorsal-ventral patterning and proliferation, were no different from wild-type (WT) in the Lrp6(Cd/Cd) neural tube. Lrp6(-/-) embryos showed reduced proliferation and subtle patterning changes in the neural folds. Cell polarity defects in both Lrp6(Cd/Cd) and Lrp6(-/-) cranial folds were indicated by cell shape, centrosome displacement and failure of F-actin and GTP-RhoA accumulation at the apical surface. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Lrp6(Cd/Cd) or Lrp6(-/-) embryos exhibited elevated and decreased RhoA basal activity levels, respectively. While ligand-independent activation of canonical Wnt signaling, bypassing Lrp-Frizzled receptors, did not activate RhoA, non-canonical Wnt5a stimulation of RhoA activity was impaired in Lrp6(-/-) MEFs. RhoA inhibition exacerbated NTDs in cultured Lrp6 knockout embryos compared with WT littermates. In contrast, a ROCK inhibitor rescued Lrp6(Cd/Cd) embryos from NTDs. Lrp6 co-immunoprecipitated with Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1), a formin promoting GEF activity in Wnt signaling. Biochemical and cell biological data revealed intracellular accumulation of Lrp6(Cd) protein where interaction with DAAM1 could account for observed elevated RhoA activity. Conversely, null mutation that eliminates Lrp6 interaction with DAAM1 led to lower basal RhoA activity in Lrp6(-/-) embryos. These results indicate that Lrp6 mediates not only canonical Wnt signaling, but can also modulate non-canonical pathways involving RhoA-dependent mechanisms to impact neurulation, possibly through intracellular complexes with DAAM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Gray
- Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling factor Smarcd3/Baf60c controls epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing Wnt5a signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3011-25. [PMID: 23716599 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01443-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a gene signature predicted to regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both epithelial tissue stem cells and breast cancer cells. A phenotypic RNA interference (RNAi) screen identified the genes within this 140-gene signature that promoted the conversion of mesenchymal epithelial cell adhesion molecule-negative (EpCAM-) breast cancer cells to an epithelial EpCAM+/high phenotype. The screen identified 10 of the 140 genes whose individual knockdown was sufficient to promote EpCAM and E-cadherin expression. Among these 10 genes, RNAi silencing of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling factor Smarcd3/Baf60c in EpCAM- breast cancer cells gave the most robust transition from the mesenchymal to epithelial phenotype. Conversely, expression of Smarcd3/Baf60c in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells induced an EMT. The mesenchymal-like phenotype promoted by Smarcd3/Baf60c expression resulted in gene expression changes in human mammary epithelial cells similar to that of claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer cells. These mammary epithelial cells expressing Smarcd3/Baf60c had upregulated Wnt5a expression. Inhibition of Wnt5a by either RNAi knockdown or blocking antibody reversed Smarcd3/Baf60c-induced EMT. Thus, Smarcd3/Baf60c epigenetically regulates EMT by activating WNT signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
83
|
Prasad CP, Chaurasiya SK, Axelsson L, Andersson T. WNT-5A triggers Cdc42 activation leading to an ERK1/2 dependent decrease in MMP9 activity and invasive migration of breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:870-83. [PMID: 23727359 PMCID: PMC5528454 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An important role for WNT-5A is implicated in a variety of tumors, including breast carcinoma. We previously showed that WNT-5A signaling inhibits migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and that patients with primary breast cancer in which WNT-5A was expressed have a better prognosis. Despite the fact that RhoGTPase Cdc42 is commonly associated with increased cell migration, we here show that recombinant WNT-5A activates the Cdc42 in breast cancer cells (lines MDA-MB468 and MDA-MB231) in a time-dependent manner. Activation of Cdc42 was also observed in MDA-MB468 cells that were stably transfected with a WNT-5A plasmid (MDA-MB468-5A). In all situations, increased Cdc42 activity was accompanied by decreased migration and invasion of the breast cancer cells. To explore these findings further we also investigated the effect of WNT-5A signaling on ERK1/2 activity. Apart from an initial Ca(2+)-dependent rWNT-5A-induced activation of ERK1/2, Cdc42 activity was inversely correlated with ERK1/2 activity in both rWNT-5A-stimulated parental MDA-MB468 and MDA-MB468-5A cells. We also demonstrated increased ERK1/2 activity in MDA-MB468-5A cells following siRNA knockdown of Cdc42. Consistent with these results, breast cancer cells transfected with constitutively active Cdc42 exhibited reduced ERK1/2 activity, migration and invasion, whereas cells transfected with dominant negative Cdc42 had increased ERK1/2 activity in response to rWNT-5A. To gain information on how ERK1/2 can mediate its effect on breast cancer cell migration and invasion, we next investigated and demonstrated that WNT-5A signaling and constitutively active Cdc42 both decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity. These data indicate an essential role of Cdc42 and ERK1/2 signaling and MMP9 activity in WNT-5A-impaired breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Veland IR, Montjean R, Eley L, Pedersen LB, Schwab A, Goodship J, Kristiansen K, Pedersen SF, Saunier S, Christensen ST. Inversin/Nephrocystin-2 is required for fibroblast polarity and directional cell migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60193. [PMID: 23593172 PMCID: PMC3620528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inversin is a ciliary protein that critically regulates developmental processes and tissue homeostasis in vertebrates, partly through the degradation of Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins to coordinate Wnt signaling in planar cell polarity (PCP). Here, we investigated the role of Inversin in coordinating cell migration, which highly depends on polarity processes at the single-cell level, including the spatial and temporal organization of the cytoskeleton as well as expression and cellular localization of proteins in leading edge formation of migrating cells. Using cultures of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from inv(-/-) and inv(+/+) animals, we confirmed that both inv(-/-) and inv(+/+) MEFs form primary cilia, and that Inversin localizes to the primary cilium in inv(+/+) MEFs. In wound healing assays, inv(-/-) MEFs were severely compromised in their migratory ability and exhibited cytoskeletal rearrangements, including distorted lamellipodia formation and cilia orientation. Transcriptome analysis revealed dysregulation of Wnt signaling and of pathways regulating actin organization and focal adhesions in inv(-/-) MEFs as compared to inv(+/+) MEFs. Further, Dvl-1 and Dvl-3 localized to MEF primary cilia, and β-catenin/Wnt signaling was elevated in inv(-/-) MEFs, which moreover showed reduced ciliary localization of Dvl-3. Finally, inv(-/-) MEFs displayed dramatically altered activity and localization of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 GTPases, and aberrant expression and targeting of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins to the edge of cells facing the wound. Phosphorylation of β-catenin at the ciliary base and formation of well-defined lamellipodia with localization and activation of ERM to the leading edge of migrating cells were restored in inv(-/-) MEFs expressing Inv-GFP. Collectively, our findings point to the significance of Inversin in controlling cell migration processes, at least in part through transcriptional regulation of genes involved in Wnt signaling and pathways that control cytoskeletal organization and ion transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iben R. Veland
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrick Montjean
- Inserm U-983, Imagine Institut, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Eley
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lotte B. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, Münster University, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Goodship
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stine F. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Inserm U-983, Imagine Institut, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhu Y, Shen T, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Xu R, Sun C, Du J, Chen Y, Gu L. Rab35 is required for Wnt5a/Dvl2-induced Rac1 activation and cell migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1075-85. [PMID: 23353182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPases regulate many major biological processes in both tumorigenesis and tumor progression such as cell survival, actin cytoskeleton organization, cell polarity and movement. Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt family member, is implicated in the activation of small GTPases in breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that Wnt5a signaling stimulates the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 via activating RhoA. However, we found here that RhoA activation was not enhanced by Wnt5a in breast cancer cells MCF-7. The conflicting results prompted us to further probe novel small GTPases in response to Wnt5a and investigate the mechanisms whereby cell migration is regulated. We showed here that Wnt5a dose dependently activated Dvl2, Rab35 and Rac1 and subsequently promoted the migration of MCF-7 cells, which was, however, abolished by knocking down Wnt5a expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Dvl2 siRNA significantly decreased background and Wnt5a-induced Rab35/Rac1 activation and, consequently, cell migration. Rab35 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) remarkably inhibited background and Wnt5a-induced Rac1 activation and cell migration. Additionally, blockade of Rac1 activation with Rac1 siRNA suppressed background and Wnt5a-induced cell migration. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays showed that Dvl2 bound to Rab35 in mammalian cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that Wnt5a promotes breast cancer cell migration via the Dvl2/Rab35/Rac1 signaling pathway. These findings implicate Wnt5a signaling in regulating small GTPases, which could be targeted for manipulating breast cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
PI3K/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3β and activation of RhoA regulate Wnt5a-induced gastric cancer cell migration. Cell Signal 2012; 25:447-56. [PMID: 23123500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wnt5a, a non-transforming Wnt family member, plays complicated roles in oncogenesis and cancer metastasis. However, Wnt5a signaling in gastric cancer progression remains poorly defined. In this study, we found that Wnt5a dose-dependently stimulated the migration of human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901), with the maximal effect at 100 ng/mL, via enhancing phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and GSK3β and activating RhoA. Pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 or Akt siRNA significantly decreased Wnt5a-induced GSK3β phosphorylation and consequently cell migration. Additionally, GSK3β siRNA remarkably inhibited Wnt5a-induced RhoA activation, stress fiber formation and cell migration. Analogously, pre-treatment with LiCl, which induced phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9, increased Wnt5a-induced cell migration. Finally, ectopic expression of dominant negative RhoA (N19) suppressed Wnt5a-induced cell migration. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that Wnt5a promoted gastric cancer cell migration via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/RhoA signaling pathway. These findings could provide a rationale for designing new therapy targeting gastric cancer metastasis.
Collapse
|