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Zhang Q, Lu C, Lu F, Liao Y, Cai J, Gao J. Challenges and opportunities in obesity: the role of adipocytes during tissue fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365156. [PMID: 38686209 PMCID: PMC11056552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects the energy balance of the whole body. In addition to increasing fat mass, tissue fibrosis occurred in white adipose tissue in obese condition. Fibrosis is the over-activation of fibroblasts leading to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which could be caused by various factors, including the status of adipocytes. The morphology of adipocytes responds rapidly and dynamically to nutrient fluctuations. Adaptive hypertrophy of normal adipocytes protects peripheral organs from damage from lipotoxicity. However, the biological behavior of hypertrophic adipocytes in chronic obesity is abnormally altered. Adipocytes lead to fibrotic remodeling of the extracellular matrix by inducing unresolved chronic inflammation, persistent hypoxia, and increasing myofibroblast numbers. Moreover, adipocyte-induced fibrosis not only restricts the flexible expansion and contraction of adipose tissue but also initiates the development of various diseases through cellular autonomic and paracrine effects. Regarding anti-fibrotic therapy, dysregulated intracellular signaling and epigenetic changes represent potential candidate targets. Thus, modulation of adipocytes may provide potential therapeutic avenues for reversing pathological fibrosis in adipose tissue and achieving the anti-obesity purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongxuan Lu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Drackley A, Peter M, Rathbun P, Ing A, Prada CE, Yap KL. Homozygosity for disease-causing variants in AMT and GLDC in a patient with severe nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63622. [PMID: 38572626 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a relatively well-characterized inborn error of metabolism that results in a combination of lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, developmental arrest, and, in severe cases, death early in life. Three genes encoding components of the glycine cleavage enzyme system-GLDC, AMT, and GCSH-are independently associated with NKH. We report on a patient with severe NKH in whom the homozygous pathogenic variant in AMT (NM_000481.3):c.602_603del (p.Lys201Thrfs*75) and the homozygous likely pathogenic variant in GLDC(NM_000170.2):c.2852C>A (p.Ser951Tyr) were both identified. Our patient demonstrates a novel combination of two homozygous disease-causing variants impacting the glycine cleavage pathway at two different components, and elicits management- and genetic counseling-related challenges for the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Drackley
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Merlene Peter
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pamela Rathbun
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Ing
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kai Lee Yap
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Terhoeven V, Faschingbauer S, Huber J, Simon JJ, Herzog W, Friederich HC, Nikendei C. Autobiographical memory following weight gain in adult patients with Anorexia Nervosa: A longitudinal study. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024. [PMID: 38558236 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) show overgeneralization of memory (OGM) when generating autobiographical episodes related to food and body shape. These memories are central for the construction of a coherent self-concept, interpersonal relationships, and problem-solving abilities. The current study aims to investigate changes in autobiographical memory following weight gain. METHODS OGM was assessed with an adapted version of the Autobiographical Memory Test including food-, body-, depression-related, and neutral cues. N = 41 female patients with AN (28 restricting-, 13 binge-eating/purging-subtype; mean disease duration: 4.5 years; mean BMI: 14.5 kg/m2) and N = 27 healthy controls (HC) were included at baseline. After inpatient treatment (mean duration: 11 weeks), 24 patients with AN and 24 age-matched HC were reassessed. Group differences were assessed using independent samples t-tests for cross-sectional comparisons and repeated measures ANOVAs for longitudinal data. RESULTS At baseline, patients with AN generated significantly fewer specific memories than HC, independent of word category (F(1.66) = 27.167, p < 0.001). During inpatient stay, the average weight gain of patients with AN was 3.1 body mass index points. At follow-up, patients with AN showed a significant improvement in the number of specific memories for both depression-related and neutral cues, but not for food- and body-related cues. CONCLUSIONS Generalised OGM (i.e., independent of word category) in patients with AN before weight restoration may be a general incapacity to recall autobiographical memory. After weight gain, the previously well-studied pattern of eating disorder-related OGM emerges. The clinical relevance of the continuing disorder-related OGM in patients with AN after weight gain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Terhoeven
- Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Faschingbauer
- Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Huber
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe J Simon
- Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Westcott MM, Morse AE, Troy G, Blevins M, Wierzba T, Sanders JW. Photochemical inactivation as an alternative method to produce a whole-cell vaccine for uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0366123. [PMID: 38315025 PMCID: PMC10913755 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03661-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of lower urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI presents a serious health risk and has considerable secondary implications including economic burden, recurring episodes, and overuse of antibiotics. A safe and effective vaccine would address this widespread health problem and emerging antibiotic resistance. Killed, whole-cell vaccines have shown limited efficacy to prevent recurrent UTI in human trials. We explored photochemical inactivation with psoralen drugs and UVA light (PUVA), which crosslinks nucleic acid, as an alternative to protein-damaging methods of inactivation to improve whole-cell UTI vaccines. Exposure of UPEC to the psoralen drug AMT and UVA light resulted in a killed but metabolically active (KBMA) state, as reported previously for other PUVA-inactivated bacteria. The immunogenicity of PUVA-UPEC as compared to formalin-inactivated UPEC was compared in mice. Both generated high UPEC-specific serum IgG titers after intramuscular delivery. However, using functional adherence as a measure of surface protein integrity, we found differences in the properties of PUVA- and formalin-inactivated UPEC. Adhesion mediated by Type-1 and P-fimbriae was severely compromised by formalin but was unaffected by PUVA, indicating that PUVA preserved the functional conformation of fimbrial proteins, which are targets of protective immune responses. In vitro assays indicated that although they retained metabolic activity, PUVA-UPEC lost virulence properties that could negatively impact vaccine safety. Our results imply the potential for PUVA to improve killed, whole-cell UTI vaccines by generating bacteria that more closely resemble their live, infectious counterparts relative to vaccines generated with protein-damaging methods. IMPORTANCE Lower urinary tract infection (UTI), caused primarily by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, represents a significant health burden, accounting for 7 million primary care and 1 million emergency room visits annually in the United States. Women and the elderly are especially susceptible and recurrent infection (rUTI) is common in those populations. Lower UTI can lead to life-threatening systemic infection. UTI burden is manifested by healthcare dollars spent (1.5 billion annually), quality of life impact, and resistant strains emerging from antibiotic overuse. A safe and effective vaccine to prevent rUTI would address a substantial healthcare issue. Vaccines comprised of inactivated uropathogenic bacteria have yielded encouraging results in clinical trials but improvements that enhance vaccine performance are needed. To that end, we focused on inactivation methodology and provided data to support photochemical inactivation, which targets nucleic acid, as a promising alternative to conventional protein-damaging inactivation methods to improve whole-cell UTI vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena M. Westcott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis E. Morse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gavin Troy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Blevins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Wierzba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - John W. Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Zhu J, Li X. Ratio-fluorescent and naked-eye visualized dual-channel sensing strategy for Cu 2+ and alkaline phosphatase activity assay. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:471-480. [PMID: 38127250 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The levels of Cu2+ and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are the important indicators of the developed stage of the relative diseases. Herein, a binary ratio-fluorescent and smartphone-assisted visual strategy basing on 4'-aminomethyl-4, 5', 8-trimethylpsoralen (AMT) and the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine was developed. Under the action of Cu2+, the fluorescent molecule, 3-diaminophenazine (DAP) formed which can act as a fluorescent acceptor of the ratio-fluorescent sensor. The emission spectrum of AMT overlapped with the excitation spectrum of DAP and, thus, it can act as the fluorescent donor of the ratio-fluorescent sensor. With the increasing concentration of Cu2+ and ALP, the fluorescent intensity of AMT decreased and the fluorescent intensity of DAP increased. The dual-emission reverse change ratio-fluorescent sensor realized the sensitive detection Cu2+ and ALP with the detection limits of 2 nM and 0.03 U/mL, respectively. In addition, the acceptable recoveries were obtained when the Cu2+ and ALP in spiked samples were detected. Furthermore, the relative activity of ALP was assessed by increasing the concentrations of the inhibitor Na3VO4 and IC50 of 25 μM was obtained. Importantly, the target concentration-dependent color change of DAP allowed us to utilize R/B ratio values to design the smartphone-assisting visual detection model of Cu2+ and ALP activity with the detection limits of 0.1 μM and 0.18 U/mL. This simple, flexible, dual-mode sensor strategy has a potential for disease diagnosis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong, 273165, People's Republic of China
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Śliwa A, Szczerba A, Pięta PP, Białas P, Lorek J, Nowak-Markwitz E, Jankowska A. A Recipe for Successful Metastasis: Transition and Migratory Modes of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:783. [PMID: 38398174 PMCID: PMC10886816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of ovarian cancer is its early dissemination. Metastasis and the invasiveness of ovarian cancer are strongly dependent on the phenotypical and molecular determinants of cancer cells. Invasive cancer cells, circulating tumor cells, and cancer stem cells, which are responsible for the metastatic process, may all undergo different modes of transition, giving rise to mesenchymal, amoeboid, and redifferentiated epithelial cells. Such variability is the result of the changing needs of cancer cells, which strive to survive and colonize new organs. This would not be possible if not for the variety of migration modes adopted by the transformed cells. The most common type of metastasis in ovarian cancer is dissemination through the transcoelomic route, but transitions in ovarian cancer cells contribute greatly to hematogenous and lymphatic dissemination. This review aims to outline the transition modes of ovarian cancer cells and discuss the migratory capabilities of those cells in light of the known ovarian cancer metastasis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Śliwa
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Szczerba
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Pięta
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Białas
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Lorek
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-101 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-101 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Liu G, Hou S, Li S, Ling J, Xu G, Li J. A molecularly imprinted sensor for single-molecule detection of pesticide metabolite at the amol/L level sensitized by water-soluble luminol derivative encapsulated liposome via click reaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115714. [PMID: 37816285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel luminol derivative, 4-[(1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophthalazin-5-yl)amino]-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (ALD) with electrochemiluminescence intensity and stability characteristics similar to luminol, but higher solubility in near neutral solution, was designed and synthesized in this study. Using this derivative, a molecular imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor (MIECLS) was prepared for the sensitive and selective determination of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT), a metabolite of bismerthiazol, thiediazole copper, thiazole zinc, and other pesticides. The ALD probes encapsulated in liposomes are immobilized on the molecularly imprinted film by light-triggered click reaction, and the concurrent release of multiple probes allows for highly sensitive detection. In the AMT concentration range of 1.00 × 10-18 - 5.00 × 10-13 mol/L, the relation between ECL response and log AMT concentration is linear. With a detection limit of 5.25 × 10-19 mol/L (about 4 - 6 molecules in 10 μL of the sample), the sensor allows for high sensitivity analysis of ultra-trace amounts of small organic compounds. In general, the ECL-based single-molecule detection technique proposed herein might be a promising alternative to fluorescence single-molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shili Hou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jun Ling
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Knowles KS, Beausejour JP, Harmon KK, Girts RM, Fukuda DH, Kidgell DJ, Stock MS. The Influence of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Interpulse Interval Duration on Knee Extensor Corticospinal Excitability. Brain Connect 2023; 13:521-527. [PMID: 37522578 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose: To examine the influence of interpulse interval duration on knee extensor corticospinal excitability. Methods: Seventeen college-aged males and females participated in a single laboratory visit, during which 25 single transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses were delivered to the motor cortex with interpulse intervals of 5, 10, 15, and 20 sec. Surface electromyographic signals were detected from the dominant vastus lateralis and rectus femoris. Motor evoked potential amplitude was compared across the four conditions. Results: For the vastus lateralis, the Friedman test indicated significant differences among conditions (chi-squared [3] = 7.80, p = 0.050); however, there were no pairwise differences (p ≥ 0.094) and small effect sizes (d ≤ 0.269). For the rectus femoris, the Friedman test results showed no significant differences among conditions (chi-squared [3] = 2.44, p = 0.487). Across all muscles and conditions, low intraclass correlation coefficients and high standard errors of measurement were suggestive of poor reliability. Conclusion: Unlike resting hand muscles, interpulse interval duration has little influence on corticospinal excitability for the knee extensors during active contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan S Knowles
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan P Beausejour
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Kylie K Harmon
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ryan M Girts
- Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Dawson J Kidgell
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, School of Primary and Allied Healthcare, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matt S Stock
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Cook MK, Kelly KA, Perche PO, Singh R, Richardson I, Feldman SR. Perception of accountability decreases with age: observations from a clinical study of patients with rosacea. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1809-1811. [PMID: 36652005 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patient adherence to medications usually increases with age, however, it can also be impacted by other factors. Accountability is a psychosocial construct that is defined as the expectation for an individual to account for their actions. Accountability may also influence patients' motivation to adhere to their treatments. We assessed the relationship between age and perception of accountability as well as efficacy of interventions to improve accountability in a clinical study of 30 rosacea patients. Accountability was assessed using the validated Accountability Measurement Tool. Interventions to improve accountability included a digital interaction group and a digital skin analysis group. All patients were given ivermectin cream 1% and informed to apply it daily for 3-months. There was a negative association between age and AMT scores in all intervention groups, including the control group. Younger patients have a baseline greater perception of accountability that responded more to our interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Cook
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA.
| | - Katherine A Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
| | - Patrick O Perche
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
| | - Rohan Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
| | - Irma Richardson
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gera P, Kasturi N, Behera G, Jayasri P, Jayaseelan J. Preparation and uses of amniotic membrane for ocular surface reconstruction. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3119. [PMID: 37530302 PMCID: PMC10538826 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_674_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of human amniotic membrane transplantation is rapidly increasing for the management of various ocular surface disorders. Despite its numerous advantages, amniotic membrane is not widely available due to the lack of awareness among ophthalmologists regarding its preparation and preservation techniques. Purpose To provide an instructional video demonstrating the technique of harvesting, preparation, preservation of human amniotic membrane, and its uses in the management of ocular surface diseases. Synopsis The amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the human placenta. Properties of the amniotic membrane, like the presence of various growth factors, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors, and its low immunogenicity, contribute to its ability to promote epithelial growth and differentiation with the reduction in fibrosis during healing. To harvest amniotic membrane, informed consent is obtained from a patient undergoing an elective caesarian section, and the donor is screened to exclude the risk of infections. Under sterile precautions, the amniotic membrane is separated from the chorion and washed free of blood clots. With the epithelial surface up, the amniotic membrane is spread uniformly without folds or tears on individually sterilized 0.22 μm nitrocellulose filter papers of the required sizes. The prepared filter paper with the adherent amniotic membrane is placed in freshly prepared Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and stored at -80°C. The amniotic membrane can be used for surgical procedures like symblepharon release, pterygium or dermoid excision, perforated ulcers, nonhealing epithelial defects, etc. Highlights Instructional videos demonstrating the preparation and preservation of amniotic membrane are very sparse. This video clearly explains how any ophthalmologist can learn to prepare and preserve the human amniotic membrane and gives a glimpse of its properties, advantages, and scope of use. Video Link https://youtu.be/8HfSjXUKoiY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Nirupama Kasturi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Geeta Behera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - P Jayasri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Jagadeeswari Jayaseelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Tougas H, Chan S, Shahrvini T, Gonzalez A, Chun Reyes R, Burke Parish M, Yellowlees P. The Use of Automated Machine Translation to Translate Figurative Language in a Clinical Setting: Analysis of a Convenience Sample of Patients Drawn From a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e39556. [PMID: 36066959 PMCID: PMC9490520 DOI: 10.2196/39556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with limited English proficiency frequently receive substandard health care. Asynchronous telepsychiatry (ATP) has been established as a clinically valid method for psychiatric assessments. The addition of automated speech recognition (ASR) and automated machine translation (AMT) technologies to asynchronous telepsychiatry may be a viable artificial intelligence (AI)-language interpretation option. OBJECTIVE This project measures the frequency and accuracy of the translation of figurative language devices (FLDs) and patient word count per minute, in a subset of psychiatric interviews from a larger trial, as an approximation to patient speech complexity and quantity in clinical encounters that require interpretation. METHODS A total of 6 patients were selected from the original trial, where they had undergone 2 assessments, once by an English-speaking psychiatrist through a Spanish-speaking human interpreter and once in Spanish by a trained mental health interviewer-researcher with AI interpretation. 3 (50%) of the 6 selected patients were interviewed via videoconferencing because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interview transcripts were created by automated speech recognition with manual corrections for transcriptional accuracy and assessment for translational accuracy of FLDs. RESULTS AI-interpreted interviews were found to have a significant increase in the use of FLDs and patient word count per minute. Both human and AI-interpreted FLDs were frequently translated inaccurately, however FLD translation may be more accurate on videoconferencing. CONCLUSIONS AI interpretation is currently not sufficiently accurate for use in clinical settings. However, this study suggests that alternatives to human interpretation are needed to circumvent modifications to patients' speech. While AI interpretation technologies are being further developed, using videoconferencing for human interpreting may be more accurate than in-person interpreting. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03538860; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03538860.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee Tougas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Steven Chan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tara Shahrvini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Alvaro Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ruth Chun Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Burke Parish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Peter Yellowlees
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Nielsen MR, Kaniki SEK, Sørensen JL. Targeted Genetic Engineering via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Fusarium solani. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2489:93-114. [PMID: 35524047 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2273-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Fusarium solani species complex are filamentous fungi that can act as pathogens to many crops and animals. Although relevant, a robust molecular toolbox is missing for the investigation of gene function and metabolism. In this chapter, we describe how Agrobacterium-mediated transformation can be used to facilitate gene targeting. A flexible vector system, based on in vivo recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is utilized to achieve overexpression and gene deletion of targeted biosynthetic genes in F. solani f. sp. pisi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | | | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Jing L, Marroni F, Pluchon S, Pinton R, Zanin L. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Zea mays fed with urea and ammonium. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:935-953. [PMID: 34245168 PMCID: PMC8597056 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of different N-forms in the rhizosphere leads to beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) nutrition in plants. Although widely used as fertilizers, the occurrence of cross connection between urea and ammonium nutrition has been scarcely studied in plants. Maize fed with a mixture of urea and ammonium displayed a better N-uptake efficiency than ammonium- or urea-fed plants (Buoso et al., Plant Physiol Biochem, 2021a; 162: 613-623). Through multiomic approaches, we provide the molecular characterization of maize response to urea and ammonium nutrition. Several transporters and enzymes involved in N-nutrition were upregulated by all three N-treatments (urea, ammonium, or urea and ammonium). Already after 1 day of treatment, the availability of different N-forms induced specific transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. The combination of urea and ammonium induced a prompt assimilation of N, characterized by high levels of some amino acids in shoots. Moreover, ZmAMT1.1a, ZmGLN1;2, ZmGLN1;5, ZmGOT1, and ZmGOT3, as well transcripts involved in glycolysis-TCA cycle were induced in roots by urea and ammonium mixture. Depending on N-form, even changes in the composition of phytohormones were observed in maize. This study paves the way to formulate guidelines for the optimization of N fertilization to improve N-use efficiency in maize and therefore limit N-losses in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Anne Maillard
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Lun Jing
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
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14
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Tramontana TF, Wilson TE, Hainline BE. Consideration of a metabolic disorder in the differential of mild developmental delay: A case of nonketotic hyperglycinemia revisited 36 years later. JIMD Rep 2021; 59:16-19. [PMID: 33977025 PMCID: PMC8100393 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 53-year-old male with nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) who presented in decompensated state to our university hospital several months prior to a primary diagnosis of multifocal pneumonia accompanied by reports of seizure-like activity, altered mental status, tremors, and fever. He was initially diagnosed with NKH in his preschool years, over 40 years previously, along with his younger sister. At that time, he had developmental and physical delays (which his sister also experienced). His health course has been relatively uneventful otherwise, as regards decompensation of his disease, and he has not been on the standard regimens of reduced dietary glycine intake along with dextromethorphan and sodium benzoate. Recent molecular confirmation of NKH was completed and both he and his sibling likely have an attenuated form of NKH mediated by the combined effects of their variants. This paper presents what we believe to be report of the oldest surviving individuals with attenuated NKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F. Tramontana
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Theodore E. Wilson
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Bryan E. Hainline
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Said-Pullicino D, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Pinton R, Zanin L. Characterization of physiological and molecular responses of Zea mays seedlings to different urea-ammonium ratios. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:613-623. [PMID: 33774466 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of urea and ammonium as N-fertilizers, no information is available about the proper ratio useful to maximize the efficiency of their acquisition by crops. Ionomic analyses of maize seedlings fed with five different mixes of urea and ammonium indicated that after 7 days of treatment, the elemental composition of plant tissues was more influenced by ammonium in the nutrient solution than by urea. Within 24 h, similar high affinity influx rates of ammonium were measured in ammonium-treated seedlings, independently from the amount of the cation present in the nutrient solution (from 0.5 to 2.0 mM N), and it was confirmed by the similar accumulation of 15N derived from ammonium source. After 7 days, some changes in ammonium acquisition occurred among treatments, with the highest ammonium uptake efficiency when the urea-to-ammonium ratio was 3:1. Gene expression analyses of enzymes and transporters involved in N nutrition highlight a preferential induction of the cytosolic N-assimilatory pathway (via GS, ASNS) when both urea and ammonium were supplied in conjunction, this response might explain the higher N-acquisition efficiency when both sources are applied. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on plant responses to mixes of N sources that maximize the N-uptake efficiency by crops and thus could allow to adapt agronomic practices in order to limit the economic and environmental impact of N-fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Daniel Said-Pullicino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Bilska-Zając E, Marucci G, Piróg-Komorowska A, Cichocka M, Różycki M, Karamon J, Sroka J, Bełcik A, Mizak I, Cencek T. Occurrence of Alaria alata in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland and detection of genetic variability between isolates. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:83-91. [PMID: 33103216 PMCID: PMC7846538 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alaria alata is a trematode included among several emerging zoonotic parasites. The mesocercarial larval stage of A. alata named Distomum musculorum suis (DMS) may potentially be infective for humans. In the past, DMS was often observed in wild boar meat during the official Trichinella inspection by artificial digestion before a more specific and effective detection method, the A. alata mesocercariae migration technique (AMT), was introduced. In the present study, the AMT method was used to screen 3589 tissue samples collected from wild boars hunted in Poland during the 2015–2019 period. The survey mainly focused on the southern part of Poland with the majority of samples coming from Małopolskie, Świętokrzyskie, and Dolnoślaskie provinces; samples from ten additional provinces were also included. The total prevalence was 4.2% with mean abundance of 4.7 DMS. Occurrence was dependent upon environmental conditions (i.e., wetland habitats and water reservoirs) rather than on sex of the host or season in which they were hunted. The recovered trematodes were identified as Alaria spp. according to their morphological features. Molecular analysis of 18S rDNA and COI genes confirmed the species identification to be A. alata and documented genetic variability among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bilska-Zając
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Mirosław Różycki
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Karamon
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Sroka
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland
| | - Aneta Bełcik
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Mizak
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, Al. Partyzantów 57, Puławy, Poland
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Abstract
A corneal descemetocele, the anterior herniation of an intact Descemet membrane through an overlying stromal defect, is a rare, but serious outcome of progressive corneal ulceration and mandates urgent intervention owing to the imminent risk of perforation. Various ocular and systemic abnormalities that can lead to the formation of descemetocele include microbial keratitis, neurotrophic keratopathy, dry eye disorders, and corneal inflammation associated with immune-mediated disorders. The primary aim of management of a descemetocele remains prompt restoration of ocular integrity to prevent the rupture of the Descemet membrane and further complications. Medical therapy is instituted immediately while deciding on the most suitable operative modality for an individual case. Commonly available treatment options include therapeutic bandage contact lenses, tissue adhesives, amniotic membrane transplantation, corneal patch grafts, penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty, and conjunctival flaps. Infrequently, platelet-rich fibrin membrane grafting and umbilical cord patch transplantation have also been tried with success. The surgical strategy and the outcome are commonly determined by the size, location, and etiology of descemetoceles. Despite the availability of all these treatment options, ambiguity remains about management. We review the available literature on pathogenesis, causes, presentation, differential diagnoses, and management of this disorder and also discuss our experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinky Agarwal
- Senior Resident, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Nagpal
- Research Officer, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Todi
- Junior Resident, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Professor of Ophthalmology, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
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18
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Strokowska N, Nowicki M, Klich D, Bełkot Z, Wiśniewski J, Didkowska A, Chyla P, Anusz K. The occurrence of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars ( Sus scrofa) in north-eastern Poland. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:25-28. [PMID: 32373460 PMCID: PMC7195464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various species of mammals, including humans and wild boars, can serve as paratenic hosts of Alaria alata mesocercariae – Distomum musculorum suis (DMS). Cases of DMS can be reliably detected by the recent introduction of the A. alata mesocercariae migration technique (AMT). The aim of this study is to present current data on the occurrence of DMS in wild boars in north-eastern Poland, and to compare the findings with those obtained in other European countries. A. alata was identified in 98 of 221 (44.3%) tissue samples of wild boar taken from five provinces in north-eastern Poland during the hunting seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 based on AMT analysis. Positive results were found in all studied regions, but the percentage of infected individuals ranged from 26.3% in the Pomorskie province to 65.5% in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province. The mean number of larvae exceeded seven larvae per 30 g sample for three provinces: Pomorskie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie. In turn, lower values were found in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province (3.3 larvae per 30 g), and the lowest in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province (1.8 larvae per 30 g). The occurrence and intensity of A. alata infestation in wild boars was found to depend on the environment in which they live. Neither the sex or the age of the wild boar appeared to influence the occurrence nor the intensity of infestation. High percentage (44.3) of Alaria alata in samples of wild boars in Poland. High prevalence of A. alata infestation in wild boars compared to other reports. Sex does not affect the risk or intensity of infestation by A. alata in wild boars. Age does not affect the risk or intensity of A. alata infestation in wild boars. A. alata poses a potential risk for wild boar consumers in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Strokowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Nowicki
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bełkot
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Chyla
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Beran E, Richman MJ, Unoka Z. Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis Interpreted in Terms of the CaR-FA-X Model. J Pers Disord 2019; 33:818-831. [PMID: 30036172 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by impaired functioning of autobiographical memory (AM). We use a quantitative meta-analysis to assess AM performance in adults diagnosed with BPD as compared to healthy controls (HC). Moderator variables included type of autobiographical memory as well as clinical and demographic variables. Large significant deficits were seen in the BPD group in comparison to the HC group. In the BPD group, effect sizes were large for overgenerality, omission, and specific memories, while not significant for recall. Age influenced the performance of the BPD group; in addition, there was a significant interaction between age and specificity of memory. Gender and IQ did not influence memory performance. Our results confirm that BPD patients show impairment in AM. We explain these impairments in terms of the CaR-FA-X model, based on mechanisms of capture and rumination, functional avoidance, and impaired executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Beran
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mara J Richman
- Fulbright Program, Washington, DC, and Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest
| | - Zsolt Unoka
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Semmelweis University, Budapest
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Lopez R, DeMartino R, Fleming M, Bjarnason H, Neisen M. Aspiration thrombectomy for acute iliofemoral or central deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2019; 7:162-168. [PMID: 30639411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) may provide clinical benefit in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT), but significant doubt remains about its indications and risks. We assessed technical success in resolution of acute iliofemoral or central DVT after single-session treatment with a novel mechanical aspiration thrombectomy device as an alternative to initiation of CDT. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective review of patients with acute iliofemoral or central DVT treated with the Indigo continuous aspiration mechanical thrombectomy 8 system (Penumbra, Inc, Alameda, Calif) from 2016 to 2017. The primary outcome was technical success, defined as resolution of >70% of thrombus without need for postaspiration CDT, as an initial or adjunctive treatment. Secondary end points included DVT recurrence and treatment complications. RESULTS There were 10 patients (50% male) with a median age of 44 years (range, 19-68 years). Indication for treatment was DVT (n = 4), recurrent DVT (n = 1), stent thrombosis (n = 3), high-grade extrinsic narrowing of the inferior vena cava (IVC) due to immunoglobulin G4-related disease (n = 1), and IVC obstruction from liver tumor invasion (n = 1). Five patients had underlying May-Thurner syndrome. Five patients had iliofemoral involvement, two iliocaval, and one iliac vein alone. Two patients had central DVT, one of them involving the IVC and one involving the superior vena cava with brachiocephalic extension. Aspiration thrombectomy was technically successful in a total of six patients. Success was achieved in five of eight patients as the initial or main treatment modality and as an adjunctive treatment in one of two patients. Of the four patients in whom aspiration thrombectomy was not successful, three underwent successful further treatment with CDT. Recurrence after successful aspiration was seen in two patients. One patient developed pulmonary embolism that required no additional treatment. One patient experienced severe headaches treated with oral analgesics. CONCLUSIONS We observed a technical success of 60% for acute iliofemoral and central DVT with an aspiration thrombectomy system that allowed definitive treatment in one setting. As a novel therapy, this avoided the need for thrombolysis in the majority of selected cases with no bleeding complications and is a promising technique for acute DVT management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall DeMartino
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
| | - Mark Fleming
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | | | - Melissa Neisen
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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Lukas RV, Juhász C, Wainwright DA, James CD, Kennedy E, Stupp R, Lesniak MS. Imaging tryptophan uptake with positron emission tomography in glioblastoma patients treated with indoximod. J Neurooncol 2019; 141:111-120. [PMID: 30415456 PMCID: PMC6414051 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system, accounting for over 50% of all primary malignant gliomas arising in the adult brain. Even after surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, as well as tumor-treating fields, the median survival is only 15-20 months. We have identified a pathogenic mechanism that contributes to the tumor-induced immunosuppression in the form of increased indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression; an enzyme that metabolizes the essential amino acid, tryptophan (Trp), into kynurenine (Kyn). However, real-time measurements of IDO1 activity has yet to become mainstream in clinical protocols for assessing IDO1 activity in GBM patients. METHODS Pre-treatment and on-treatment α-[11C]-methyl-L-Trp (AMT) positron emission tomography (PET) with co-registered MRI was performed on patients with recurrent GBM treated with the IDO1 pathway inhibitor indoximod (D1-MT) and TMZ. RESULTS Regional intratumoral variability of AMT within enhancing and non-enhancing tumor was noted at baseline. On treatment imaging revealed decreased regional uptake suggesting IDO1 pathway modulation with treatment. CONCLUSIONS Here, we have validated the ability to use PET of the Trp probe, AMT, for use in visualizing and quantifying intratumoral Trp uptake in GBM patients treated with an IDO1 pathway inhibitor. These data serve as rationale to utilize AMT-PET imaging in the future evaluation of GBM patients treated with IDO1 enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1114, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1114, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun R, Wu X, Chu X, Zhou S, Hu X, Gao L, Kong Q. The treatment value of IL-1β monoclonal antibody under the targeting location of alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in an acute temporal lobe epilepsy model. J Transl Med 2018; 16:337. [PMID: 30514296 PMCID: PMC6280459 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common and often refractory brain disease that is closely correlated with inflammation. Alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) is recognized as a surrogate marker for epilepsy, characterized by high uptake in the epileptic focus. There are many advantages of using the magnetic targeting drug delivery system of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to treat many diseases, including epilepsy. We hypothesized that AMT and an IL-1β monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-1β mAb) chelated to SPIONs would utilize the unique advantages of SPIONs and AMT to deliver the anti-IL-1β mAb across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a targeted therapy. METHODS Acute TLE was induced in 30 rats via treatment with lithium-chloride pilocarpine. The effects of plain-SPIONs, anti-IL-1β-mAb-SPIONs, or AMT-anti-IL-1β-mAb-SPIONs on seizure onset were assessed 48 h later. Perl's iron staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed after magnetic resonance imaging examination. RESULTS The imaging and histopathology in combination with the molecular biology findings showed that AMT-anti-IL-1β-mAb-SPIONs were more likely to penetrate the BBB in the acute TLE model to reach the targeting location and deliver a therapeutic effect than plain-SPIONs and anti-IL-1β-mAb-SPIONs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the significance of anti-IL-1β-mAb treatment in acute TLE with respect to the unique advantages of SPIONs and the active location-targeting characteristic of AMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xingrao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shuhu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xibin Hu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingxia Kong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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23
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Murri MS, Moshirfar M, Birdsong OC, Ronquillo YC, Ding Y, Hoopes PC. Amniotic membrane extract and eye drops: a review of literature and clinical application. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1105-1112. [PMID: 29950805 PMCID: PMC6012548 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s165553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The amniotic membrane (AM) has a long history of use in the treatment of various diseases of the ocular surface. It contains pluripotent cells, highly organized collagen, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune-modulators, growth factors, and matrix proteins. It is used to promote corneal healing in severely damaged eyes. Recently, AM extract and AM extract eye drops have been successfully used in clinical applications, including dry eye and chemical burns. We provide an overview on the recent progress in the preparation, mechanisms of action, and use of AM extract/AM extract eye drops for corneal and external eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Murri
- John A Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- John A Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,HDR Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Yanning Ding
- HDR Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA
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24
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Swanson MA, Garcia SM, Spector E, Kronquist K, Creadon-Swindell G, Walter M, Christensen E, Van Hove JLK, Sass JO. d-Glyceric aciduria does not cause nonketotic hyperglycinemia: A historic co-occurrence. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 121:80-82. [PMID: 28462797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Historically, d-glyceric aciduria was thought to cause an uncharacterized blockage to the glycine cleavage enzyme system (GCS) causing nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) as a secondary phenomenon. This inference was reached based on the clinical and biochemical results from the first d-glyceric aciduria patient reported in 1974. Along with elevated glyceric acid excretion, this patient exhibited severe neurological symptoms of myoclonic epilepsy and absent development, and had elevated glycine levels and decreased glycine cleavage system enzyme activity. Mutations in the GLYCTK gene (encoding d-glycerate kinase) causing glyceric aciduria were previously noted. Since glycine changes were not observed in almost all of the subsequently reported cases of d-glyceric aciduria, this theory of NKH as a secondary syndrome of d-glyceric aciduria was revisited in this work. We showed that this historic patient harbored a homozygous missense mutation in AMT c.350C>T, p.Ser117Leu, and enzymatic assay of the expressed mutation confirmed the pathogeneity of the p.Ser117Leu mutation. We conclude that the original d-glyceric aciduria patient also had classic NKH and that this co-occurrence of two inborn errors of metabolism explains the original presentation. We conclude that no evidence remains that d-glyceric aciduria would cause NKH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elaine Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn Kronquist
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Geralyn Creadon-Swindell
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Melanie Walter
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolism, University of Freiburg Children's Hospital, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Christensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, 13121 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Bioanalytics & Biochemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
The ability to enumerate all of the proteins in a cell is quickly becoming a reality. Quantitative proteomics adds an extra dimension to proteome-wide discovery experiments by enabling differential measurements of protein concentrations, characterization of protein turnover, increased stringency of co-immunoprecipitation reactions, as well as many other intriguing applications. One of the most widely used techniques that enable relative protein quantitation is stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) (Ong et al., Mol Cell Proteomics 1(5):376-386, 2002). Over the past decade, SILAC has become the preferred approach for proteome-wide quantitation by mass spectrometry. This approach relies on the metabolic incorporation of isotopically enriched amino acids into the proteome of cells-the proteome of "light" (1H, 12C, 14N) cells can then be compared to "heavy" (2H, 13C, 15N) cells as the isotopically labeled proteins and peptides are easily distinguished in a mass spectrometer. Since cellular uptake and response to isotopically different amino acid(s) is naïve, it is without impact on cell physiology. We provide a detailed step-by-step procedure for performing SILAC-based experiment for proteome-wide quantitation in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Kani
- USC Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar St. CSC-240, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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26
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Castro-Rodríguez V, Assaf-Casals I, Pérez-Tienda J, Fan X, Avila C, Miller A, Cánovas FM. Deciphering the molecular basis of ammonium uptake and transport in maritime pine. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:1669-1682. [PMID: 26662862 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen in the soil of coniferous forests. Despite the ecological and economic importance of conifers, the molecular basis of ammonium uptake and transport in this group of gymnosperms is largely unknown. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of members of the AMT gene family in Pinus pinaster: PpAMT1.1, PpAMT1.2 and PpAMT1.3 (subfamily 1) and PpAMT2.1 and PpAMT2.3 (subfamily 2). Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that in conifers, all members of the AMT1 subfamily evolved from a common ancestor that is evolutionarily related to the ancient PpAMT1.2 gene. Individual AMT genes are developmentally and nutritionally regulated, and their transcripts are specifically distributed in different organs. PpAMT1.3 was predominantly expressed in the roots, particularly during N starvation and mycorrhizal interaction, whereas PpAMT2.3 was preferentially expressed in lateral roots. Immunolocalization studies of roots with varied nitrogen availability revealed that PpAMT1 and PpAMT2 proteins play complementary roles in the uptake of external ammonium. Heterologous expression in yeast and Xenopus oocytes revealed that the AMT genes encode functional transporters with different kinetics and with different capacities for ammonium transport. Our results provide new insights on how nitrogen is acquired and transported in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Iman Assaf-Casals
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jacob Pérez-Tienda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Concepción Avila
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anthony Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Apico-basal polarity is typical of cells present in differentiated epithelium while front-rear polarity develops in motile cells. In cancer development, the transition from epithelial to migratory polarity may be seen as the hallmark of cancer progression to an invasive and metastatic disease. Despite the morphological and functional dissimilarity, both epithelial and migratory polarity are controlled by a common set of polarity complexes Par, Scribble and Crumbs, phosphoinositides, and small Rho GTPases Rac, Rho and Cdc42. In epithelial tissues, their mutual interplay ensures apico-basal and planar cell polarity. Accordingly, altered functions of these polarity determinants lead to disrupted cell-cell adhesions, cytoskeleton rearrangements and overall loss of epithelial homeostasis. Polarity proteins are further engaged in diverse interactions that promote the establishment of front-rear polarity, and they help cancer cells to adopt different invasion modes. Invading cancer cells can employ either the collective, mesenchymal or amoeboid invasion modes or actively switch between them and gain intermediate phenotypes. Elucidation of the role of polarity proteins during these invasion modes and the associated transitions is a necessary step towards understanding the complex problem of metastasis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the role of cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandalovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Videňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Pérez-Tienda J, Corrêa A, Azcón-Aguilar C, Ferrol N. Transcriptional regulation of host NH₄⁺ transporters and GS/GOGAT pathway in arbuscular mycorrhizal rice roots. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 75:1-8. [PMID: 24361504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in the nutrition of many land plants. AM roots have two pathways for nutrient uptake, directly through the root epidermis and root hairs and via AM fungal hyphae into root cortical cells, where arbuscules or hyphal coils provide symbiotic interfaces. Recent studies demonstrated that the AM symbiosis modifies the expression of plant transporter genes and that NH₄⁺ is the main form of N transported in the symbiosis. The aim of the present work was to get insights into the mycorrhizal N uptake pathway in Oryza sativa by analysing the expression of genes encoding ammonium transporters (AMTs), glutamine synthase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in roots colonized by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and grown under two N regimes. We found that the AM symbiosis down-regulated OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;3 expression at low-N, but not at high-N conditions, and induced, independently of the N status of the plant, a strong up-regulation of OsAMT3;1 expression. The AM-inducible NH₄⁺ transporter OsAMT3;1 belongs to the family 2 of plant AMTs and is phylogenetically related to the AM-inducible AMTs of other plant species. Moreover, for the first time we provide evidence of the specific induction of a GOGAT gene upon colonization with an AM fungus. These data suggest that OsAMT3;1 is likely involved in the mycorrhizal N uptake pathway in rice roots and that OsGOGAT2 plays a role in the assimilation of the NH₄⁺ supplied via the OsAMT3;1 AM-inducible transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pérez-Tienda
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Corrêa
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Azcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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29
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Perez-Riverol Y, Wang R, Hermjakob H, Müller M, Vesada V, Vizcaíno JA. Open source libraries and frameworks for mass spectrometry based proteomics: a developer's perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1844:63-76. [PMID: 23467006 PMCID: PMC3898926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Data processing, management and visualization are central and critical components of a state of the art high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics experiment, and are often some of the most time-consuming steps, especially for labs without much bioinformatics support. The growing interest in the field of proteomics has triggered an increase in the development of new software libraries, including freely available and open-source software. From database search analysis to post-processing of the identification results, even though the objectives of these libraries and packages can vary significantly, they usually share a number of features. Common use cases include the handling of protein and peptide sequences, the parsing of results from various proteomics search engines output files, and the visualization of MS-related information (including mass spectra and chromatograms). In this review, we provide an overview of the existing software libraries, open-source frameworks and also, we give information on some of the freely available applications which make use of them. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics in the Post-Identification Era. Guest Editors: Martin Eisenacher and Christian Stephan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasset Perez-Riverol
- EMBL Outstation, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Rui Wang
- EMBL Outstation, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- EMBL Outstation, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Markus Müller
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU - 1, rue Michel Servet CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Vesada
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Juan Antonio Vizcaíno
- EMBL Outstation, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
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30
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Pillay D, Boulangé AF, Coustou V, Baltz T, Coetzer TH. Recombinant expression and biochemical characterisation of two alanyl aminopeptidases of Trypanosoma congolense. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:675-84. [PMID: 24177338 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma congolense is a haemoprotozoan parasite that causes African animal trypanosomosis, a wasting disease of cattle and small ruminants. Current control methods are unsatisfactory and no conventional vaccine exists due to antigenic variation. An anti-disease vaccine approach to control T. congolense has been proposed requiring the identification of parasitic factors that cause disease. Immunoprecipitation of T. congolense antigens using sera from infected trypanotolerant cattle allowed the identification of several immunogenic antigens including two M1 type aminopeptidases (APs). The two APs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. As the APs were expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies it was necessary to develop a method for solubilisation and subsequent refolding to restore conformation and activity. The refolded APs both showed a distinct substrate preference for H-Ala-AMC, an optimum pH of 8.0, puromycin-sensitivity, inhibition by bestatin and amastatin, and cytoplasmic localisation. The two APs are expressed in procyclic metacyclic and bloodstream form parasites. Down-regulation of both APs by RNAi resulted in a slightly reduced growth rate in procyclic parasites in vitro.
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31
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Jung HA, Jin SE, Ahn BR, Lee CM, Choi JS. Anti-inflammatory activity of edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis and its constituents fucosterol and phlorotannins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:199-206. [PMID: 23774261 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although individual phlorotannins contained in the edible brown algae have been reported to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity, the responsible components of Eisenia bicyclis have yet to be fully studied. Thus, we evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition against production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with suppression against expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity potential of the methanolic extract and its fractions of E. bicyclis was in the order of dichloromethane>methanol>ethyl acetate>n-butanol. The strong anti-inflammatory dichloromethane fraction was further purified to yield fucosterol. From the ethyl acetate fraction, six known phlorotannins were isolated: phloroglucinol, eckol, dieckol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A and dioxinodehydroeckol. We found that these compounds, at non-toxic concentrations, dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced NO production. Fucosterol also inhibited t-BHP-induced ROS generation and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2. These results indicate that E. bicyclis and its constituents exhibited anti-inflammatory activity which might attribute to inhibition of NO and ROS generation and suppression of the NF-κB pathway and can therefore be considered as a useful therapeutic and preventive approach to various inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine hydrochloride
- 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein
- 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
- AMT
- Anti-inflammation
- COX-2
- DCF
- DCFH
- DCFH-DA
- DMEM
- DMSO-d(6)
- Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
- Eisenia bicyclis
- FBS
- Fucosterol
- HRP
- LPS
- MTT
- NO
- NOS
- PVDF
- Phlorotannin
- ROS
- TLC
- Trolox
- cyclooxygenase-2
- deuterated dimethylsulfoxide
- fetal bovine serum
- horseradish peroxidase
- iNOS
- inducible nitric oxide synthase
- lipopolysaccharide
- nitric oxide
- nitric oxide synthase
- polyvinylidene fluoride
- reactive oxygen species
- t-BHP
- tert-butylhydroperoxide
- thin layer chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Matthews D, Murtagh P, Risso A, Jones G, Alexander CM. Does interhemispheric communication relate to the bilateral function of muscles? A study of scapulothoracic muscles using transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:1370-4. [PMID: 23954022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric connections have been demonstrated between the motor cortex controlling muscle pairs. However, these investigations have tended to concentrate upon hand muscles. We have extended these investigations to proximal muscles that control the scapula upon the trunk and help to move and stabilise the shoulder. Using a paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, the interhemispheric interactions between different shoulder girdle muscle pairs, serratus anterior, upper trapezius and lower trapezius were investigated. Test motor evoked potentials were conditioned using conditioning pulse intensities of 80% and 120% of active motor threshold at three different condition-test intervals, during three different tasks. Interhemispheric inhibition was observed in upper trapezius using a conditioning intensity of 120% and condition-test interval of 8 ms (17 ± 18%, p < 0.007). A trend towards inhibition was observed in lower trapezius and serratus anterior using a conditioning intensity of 120% and a condition-test interval of 8 ms (13 ± 22%; p < 0.07 and 10 ± 19% respectively; p < 0.07). No interhemispheric facilitation was evoked. The study demonstrates that a low level of interhemispheric inhibition rather than interhemispheric facilitation could be evoked between these muscle pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthews
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kings College London, University of London, United Kingdom; Department of Physiotherapy, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
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33
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Abstract
The importance of the family of high affinity ammonium transporters is demonstrated by the presence of these proteins in all domains of life, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and humans. The majority of the proteins that have been studied from this family show high affinity and selectivity for ammonium, are impermeable to alkaline cations, saturate rapidly at low millimolar concentrations and most of them, are also permeable to methylammonium. Crystallization of homologue proteins from bacteria and archaea has demonstrated that the functional entity corresponds to a trimer, with each monomer maintaining a conductive pore. Through molecular modeling, it has been demonstrated that even though the identity of the proteins between bacteria/archaea with those from plants is below 25%, the latter seem to maintain similar tertiary and quaternary structures, an observation that has helped to address the functionality of conserved residues by means of mutational analysis. Results have shown that changes in the extracellular binding site of some plant transporters may result in their inhibition or reduction in transport activity, while in Escherichia coli, dissimilar replacements like Phe/Ala or Ser/Leu that eliminate possible π-interactions or H-bonds with ammonium, respectively, lead to more active transporters. Active mutants with changes in the pair of conserved His in the center of the transporter suggest these residues are dispensable. Additional mutations have identified other important amino acids, both in the entrance of the pore and in cytoplasmic loops. Regulation of this family of transporters can be achieved by interactions of the C-terminal with cytoplasmic loops within the same monomer, or with a neighbor in the trimer. Depending on the interacting residues, these contacts may lead to the activation or inhibition of the protein. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the newest findings on the role of the proposed amino acids that structure the ammonium pathway, as well as highlight the importance of additional residues that have been identified through mutational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, México
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Shao Y, Zhou X, Yu Y, Pei CG, Zhou Q, Li J, Yang L, Dong WJ, Yi JL. Novel sutureless transplantation for primary pterygium associated with cysts. Int J Ophthalmol 2011; 4:280-3. [PMID: 22553662 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel sutureless AMT (amniotic membrane transplantation) or CAT (conjunctivolimbal autograft transplantation) using fibrin glue for reconstructing corneoconjunctival surfaces for primary pterygium associated with cysts. METHODS A prospective descriptive study was made of the period 1 January 2006-1 May 2009. Nine patients with primary pterygium associated with cysts underwent pterygium and cyst excision followed by sutureless AMT or CAT using fibrin glue. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 8.00±0.67 months, all eyes maintained a smooth and stable corneal epithelial surface without recurrent erosion or persistent epithelial defect. The limbal donor site showed the presence of mild depressions without the formation of pseudopterygium. All eyes have good tear secretion function, tear film stability and ocular motility. CONCLUSION Sutureless transplantation using fibrin glue is safe and effective for restoring a stable corneoconjunctival epithelium in primary pterygium associated with cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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