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UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A determinates intracellular accumulation and anti-cancer effect of β-lapachone in human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117051. [PMID: 25692465 PMCID: PMC4333567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lapachone (β-lap), an NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) targeting antitumor drug candidate in phase II clinical trials, is metabolically eliminated via NQO1 mediated quinone reduction and subsequent UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyzed glucuronidation. This study intends to explore the inner link between the cellular glucuronidation and pharmacokinetics of β-lap and its apoptotic effect in human colon cancer cells. HT29 cells S9 fractions exhibited high glucuronidation activity towards β-lap, which can be inhibited by UGT1A9 competitive inhibitor propofol. UGT1A siRNA treated HT29 cells S9 fractions displayed an apparent low glucuronidation activity. Intracellular accumulation of β-lap in HCT116 cells was much higher than that in HT29 cells, correlated with the absence of UGT1A in HCT116 cells. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of β-lap in HT29 cells were much lower than that in HCT116 cells; moreover, β-lap triggered activation of SIRT1-FOXO1 apoptotic pathway was observed in HCT116 cells but not in HT29 cells. Pretreatment of HT29 cells with UGT1A siRNA or propofol significantly decreased β-lap’s cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, due to the repression of glucuronidation and the resultant intracellular accumulation. In conclusion, UGT1A is an important determinant, via switching NQO1-triggered redox cycle to metabolic elimination, in the intracellular accumulation of β-lap and thereafter its cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells. Together with our previous works, we propose that UGTs determined cellular pharmacokinetics is an important determinant in the apoptotic effects of NQO1 targeting substrates serving as chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Bian J, Qian X, Deng B, Xu X, Guo X, Wang Y, Li X, Sun H, You Q, Zhang X. Discovery of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitors with novel chemical scaffolds by shape-based virtual screening combined with cascade docking. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05919d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitors were discovered from the ChemDiv database via a simple protocol.
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Akaberi M, Mehri S, Iranshahi M. Multiple pro-apoptotic targets of abietane diterpenoids from Salvia species. Fitoterapia 2015; 100:118-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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XING YINGYING, TU JIAJIE, ZHENG LUFENG, GUO LE, XI TAO. Anti-angiogenic effect of tanshinone IIA involves inhibition of the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:163-70. [PMID: 25376085 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Li LH, Wu P, Lee JY, Li PR, Hsieh WY, Ho CC, Ho CL, Chen WJ, Wang CC, Yen MY, Yang SM, Chen HW. Hinokitiol induces DNA damage and autophagy followed by cell cycle arrest and senescence in gefitinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104203. [PMID: 25105411 PMCID: PMC4126702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite good initial responses, drug resistance and disease recurrence remain major issues for lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations taking EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). To discover new strategies to overcome this issue, we investigated 40 essential oils from plants indigenous to Taiwan as alternative treatments for a wide range of illnesses. Here, we found that hinokitiol, a natural monoterpenoid from the heartwood of Calocedrus formosana, exhibited potent anticancer effects. In this study, we demonstrated that hinokitiol inhibited the proliferation and colony formation ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells as well as the EGFR-TKI-resistant lines PC9-IR and H1975. Transcriptomic analysis and pathway prediction algorithms indicated that the main implicated pathways included DNA damage, autophagy, and cell cycle. Further investigations confirmed that in lung cancer cells, hinokitiol inhibited cell proliferation by inducing the p53-independent DNA damage response, autophagy (not apoptosis), S-phase cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Furthermore, hinokitiol inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in association with DNA damage and autophagy but exhibited fewer effects on lung stromal fibroblasts. In summary, we demonstrated novel mechanisms by which hinokitiol, an essential oil extract, acted as a promising anticancer agent to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer cells via inducing DNA damage, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and senescence in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory, Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Li
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jiun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Yong Yen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Min Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ma X, Huang X, Huang G, Li L, Wang Y, Luo X, Boothman DA, Gao J. Prodrug strategy to achieve lyophilizable, high drug loading micelle formulations through diester derivatives of β-Lapachone. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1210-6. [PMID: 24532286 PMCID: PMC4133338 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
β-Lap prodrug micelle strategy improves the formulation properties of β-lap therapeutics. The resulting micelles yield apparent high β-lap solubility (>7 mg mL(-1) ), physical stability, and ability to reconstitute after lyophilization. In the presence of esterase, β-lap prodrugs are efficiently converted into parent drug (i.e., β-lap), resulting in NQO1-dependent lethality of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - Longshan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - Xiuquan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - David A. Boothman
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
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2-Substituted 3-methylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-diones as novel L-shaped ortho-quinone substrates for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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ZHANG JIAN, WANG JU, JIANG JIUYANG, LIU SHANGDIAN, FU KAI, LIU HONGYU. Tanshinone IIA induces cytochrome c-mediated caspase cascade apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells via the JNK pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:683-90. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tanshinone II a protects against lipopolysaccharides-induced endothelial cell injury via Rho/Rho kinase pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:216-23. [PMID: 24615214 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether tanshinone II A (Tan II A), a highly valued herb derivative to treat vascular diseases in Chinese medicine, could protect endothelial cells from bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS)-induced endothelial injury. METHODS Endothelial cell injury was induced by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 0.2 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Y27632 and valsartan were used as positive controls. The effects of tanshinone II A on the LPS-induced cell viability and apoptosis rate of HUVECs were tested by flow cytometry, cell migration by transwell, adhesion by a 96-well plate pre-coated with vitronectin and cytoskeleton reorganization by immunofluorescence assay. Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway-associated gene and protein expression were examined by microarray assay; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to confirm the changes observed by microarray. RESULTS Tan II A improved cell viability, suppressed apoptosis and protected cells from LPS-induced reductions in cell migration and adhesion at a comparable magnitude to that of Y27632 and valsartan. Tan II A, Y27632 and valsartan also normalized LPS-induced actomyosin contraction and vinculin protein aggregation. A microarray assay revealed increased levels of fibronectin, integrin A5 (ITG A5), Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), myosin light chain phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K, or PIP2 in Western blotting), focal adhesion kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in the damaged HUVECs, which were attenuated to different degrees by Tan II A, Y27632 and valsartan. CONCLUSION Tan II A exerted a strong protective effect on HUVECs, and the mechanism was caused, at least in part, by a blockade in the Rho/ROCK pathway, presumably through the down-regulation of ITG A5.
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Clinical Research of Tashinone IIA Combined with Endocrine Therapy in Treating Advanced-Stage Prostate Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:503-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu M, Wang Q, Liu F, Cheng X, Wu X, Wang H, Wu M, Ma Y, Wang G, Hao H. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A compromises intracellular accumulation and anti-cancer effect of tanshinone IIA in human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79172. [PMID: 24244442 PMCID: PMC3828323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mediated quinone reduction and subsequent UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyzed glucuronidation is the dominant metabolic pathway of tanshinone IIA (TSA), a promising anti-cancer agent. UGTs are positively expressed in various tumor tissues and play an important role in the metabolic elimination of TSA. This study aims to explore the role of UGT1A in determining the intracellular accumulation and the resultant apoptotic effect of TSA. Experimental Approach We examined TSA intracellular accumulation and glucuronidation in HT29 (UGT1A positive) and HCT116 (UGT1A negative) human colon cancer cell lines. We also examined TSA-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect in HT29 and HCT116 cells to investigate whether UGT1A levels are directly associated with TSA anti-cancer effect. UGT1A siRNA or propofol, a UGT1A9 competitive inhibitor, was used to inhibit UGT1A expression or UGT1A9 activity. Key Results Multiple UGT1A isoforms are positively expressed in HT29 but not in HCT116 cells. Cellular S9 fractions prepared from HT29 cells exhibit strong glucuronidation activity towards TSA, which can be inhibited by propofol or UGT1A siRNA interference. TSA intracellular accumulation in HT29 cells is much lower than that in HCT116 cells, which correlates with high expression levels of UGT1A in HT29 cells. Consistently, TSA induces less intracellular ROS, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic effect in HT29 cells than those in HCT116 cells. Pretreatment of HT29 cells with UGT1A siRNA or propofol can decrease TSA glucuronidation and simultaneously improve its intracellular accumulation, as well as enhance TSA anti-cancer effect. Conclusions and Implications UGT1A can compromise TSA cytotoxicity via reducing its intracellular exposure and switching the NQO1-triggered redox cycle to metabolic elimination. Our study may shed a light in understanding the cellular pharmacokinetic and molecular mechanism by which UGTs determine the chemotherapy effects of drugs that are UGTs’ substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefang Cheng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (GW); (HH)
| | - Haiping Hao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Lab of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (GW); (HH)
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Chen X, Guo J, Bao J, Lu J, Wang Y. The anticancer properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): a systematic review. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:768-94. [PMID: 24123144 DOI: 10.1002/med.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) is a classical Huoxue Huayu (a traditional Chinese medical term means promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis) herb with 1000 years of clinical application. It mainly contains two groups of ingredients: the hydrophilic phenolic acids and the lipophilic tanshinones. Both groups have demonstrated multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidative stress, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammation, among others. Recent data have demonstrated that its lipophilic compounds, especially the tanshinones, show potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer effects of the hydrophilic phenolic acids have also been reported. Furthermore, tanshinones provide structural skeletons for chemical modifications, allowing for a series of derivatives of interests. This review provides a systematic summary of the anticancer profile and the underlying mechanisms of the bioactive compounds isolated from Danshen with special emphasis on tanshinones, aiming to bring new insights for further research and development of this ancient herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Xiao J, Zhang G, Qiu P, Liu X, Wu Y, Du B, Li J, Zhou J, Li J, Tan Y. Tanshinone IIA increases the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir gene therapy via enhanced gap junctional intercellular communication. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67662. [PMID: 23861780 PMCID: PMC3701623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bystander effect is an intriguing phenomenon by which adjacent cells become sensitized to drug treatment during gene therapy with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV). This effect is reported to be mediated by gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and therefore, we postulated that upregulation of genes that facilitate GJIC may enhance the HSV-tk/GCV bystander effect. Previous findings have shown Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a chemical substance derived from a Chinese medicine herb, promotes the upregulation of the connexins Cx26 and Cx43 in B16 cells. Because gap junctions are formed by connexins, we hypothesized that Tan IIA might increase GJIC. Our results show that Tan IIA increased GJIC in B16 melanoma cells, leading to more efficient GCV-induced bystander killing in cells stably expressing HSV-tk. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that tumors in mice with 10% HSV-tk positive B16 cells and 90% wild-type B16 cells became smaller following treatment with the combination of GCV and Tan IIA as compared to GCV or Tan IIA alone. These data demonstrate that Tan IIA can augment the bystander effect of HSV-tk/GCV system through increased gap junction coupling, which adds strength to the promising strategy that develops connexins inducer to potentiate the effects of suicide gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingya Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biaoyan Du
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiefen Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Østrup O, Olbricht G, Østrup E, Hyttel P, Collas P, Cabot R. RNA profiles of porcine embryos during genome activation reveal complex metabolic switch sensitive to in vitro conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61547. [PMID: 23637850 PMCID: PMC3639270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization is followed by complex changes in cytoplasmic composition and extensive chromatin reprogramming which results in the abundant activation of totipotent embryonic genome at embryonic genome activation (EGA). While chromatin reprogramming has been widely studied in several species, only a handful of reports characterize changing transcriptome profiles and resulting metabolic changes in cleavage stage embryos. The aims of the current study were to investigate RNA profiles of in vivo developed (ivv) and in vitro produced (ivt) porcine embryos before (2-cell stage) and after (late 4-cell stage) EGA and determine major metabolic changes that regulate totipotency. The period before EGA was dominated by transcripts responsible for cell cycle regulation, mitosis, RNA translation and processing (including ribosomal machinery), protein catabolism, and chromatin remodelling. Following EGA an increase in the abundance of transcripts involved in transcription, translation, DNA metabolism, histone and chromatin modification, as well as protein catabolism was detected. The further analysis of members of overlapping GO terms revealed that despite that comparable cellular processes are taking place before and after EGA (RNA splicing, protein catabolism), different metabolic pathways are involved. This strongly suggests that a complex metabolic switch accompanies EGA. In vitro conditions significantly altered RNA profiles before EGA, and the character of these changes indicates that they originate from oocyte and are imposed either before oocyte aspiration or during in vitro maturation. IVT embryos have altered content of apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulation factors and spindle components, and transcription factors, which all may contribute to reduced developmental competence of embryos produced in vitro. Overall, our data are in good accordance with previously published, genome-wide profiling data in other species. Moreover, comparison with mouse and human embryos showed striking overlap in functional annotation of transcripts during the EGA, suggesting conserved basic mechanisms regulating establishment of totipotency in mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Østrup
- Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo, Norway.
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Tang Z, Wu M, Li Y, Zheng X, Liu H, Cheng X, Xu L, Wang G, Hao H. Absolute quantification of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in human tumor cell lines and tissues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry using both isotopic and non-isotopic internal standards. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 772:59-67. [PMID: 23540248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, DT-diaphorase) is a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for various tumors. Therefore, it is of significance to develop a robust method for the absolute quantification of NQO1. This study aimed to develop and validate a LC-MS/MS based method and to test the appropriateness of using non-isotopic analog peptide as the internal standard (IS) by comparing with a stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide. The chromatographic performance and mass spectra between the selected signature peptide of NQO1 and the non-isotopic peptide were observed to be very similar. The use of the two internal standards was validated appropriate for the absolute quantification of NQO1, as evidenced by satisfactory validation results over a concentration range of 1.62-162 fmol μL(-1). This method has been successfully applied to the absolute quantification of NQO1 expression in various tumor cell lines and tissues. NQO1 expression in human tumor tissues is much higher than that in the neighboring normal tissues in both the cases of lung and colon cancer. The quantitative results obtained from the isotopic and non-isotopic methods are quite similar, further supporting that the use of non-isotopic analog peptide as internal standard is appropriate and feasible for the quantification of NQO1. By comparing with a classical isotopic IS, the present study indicates that the use of a non-isotopic peptide analog to the proteotypic peptide as the internal standard can get equal accuracy and preciseness in measuring NQO1. The universal applicability of the non-isotopic IS approach for the quantification of proteins warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Cheng X, Liu F, Yan T, Zhou X, Wu L, Liao K, Wang G, Hao H. Metabolic profile, enzyme kinetics, and reaction phenotyping of β-lapachone metabolism in human liver and intestine in vitro. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3476-85. [PMID: 23134532 DOI: 10.1021/mp300296m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED β-Lapachone (β-Lap) is an NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) target antitumor drug candidate in phase II clinical trials. The present study aimed to uncover the metabolic profile, enzyme kinetics, and enzyme isoforms for the metabolism of β-Lap in human liver and intestine in vitro. NQO1-mediated quinone reduction and subsequent glucuronidation is the predominant metabolic pathway for β-Lap in humans; a pair of regioisomers (M1 and M2) of reduced β-Lap glucuronides were the major metabolites found from human S9 incubations. The overall glucuronidation clearance of β-Lap in human liver S9 was 4754.90 μL/min/mg of protein and was 8.1-fold of that in human intestinal S9. Recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) screening, correlation analysis, enzyme kinetics, and chemical inhibition study were performed to determine the UGT isoforms involved in β-Lap metabolism. UGT1A7, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9 are the predominant isoforms responsible for the formation of M2 while UGT2B7 is the main isoform for M1, suggesting a regioselective glucuronidation of reduced quinone by UGTs. It was of interest to find that β-Lap underwent nonenzymatic two-electron reduction, providing a novel explanation for the toxicities of β-Lap to NQO1-negative cells at high concentration and with long-time incubation. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of not only β-Lap metabolism but its antitumor property as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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