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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Yuan Z, He H, Yang H, Qu H, Ma C, Qu S. Transcriptome Analysis Highlights Defense and Signaling Pathways Mediated by Rice pi21 Gene with Partial Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1834. [PMID: 28008334 PMCID: PMC5143348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. The pi21 gene confers partial and durable resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance mediated by the loss-of-function of Pi21. In this study, comparative transcriptome profiling of the Pi21-RNAi transgenic rice line and Nipponbare with M. oryzae infection at different time points (0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi) were investigated using RNA sequencing. The results generated 43,222 unique genes mapped to the rice genome. In total, 1109 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the Pi21-RNAi line and Nipponbare with M. oryzae infection, with 103, 281, 209, 69, and 678 DEGs at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, respectively. Functional analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in metabolism, transport, signaling, and defense. Among the genes assigned to plant-pathogen interaction, we identified 43 receptor kinase genes associated with pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition and calcium ion influx. The expression levels of brassinolide-insensitive 1, flagellin sensitive 2, and elongation factor Tu receptor, ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signaling genes, were higher in the Pi21-RNAi line than Nipponbare. This suggested that there was a more robust PTI response in Pi21-RNAi plants and that ET signaling was important to rice blast resistance. We also identified 53 transcription factor genes, including WRKY, NAC, DOF, and ERF families that show differential expression between the two genotypes. This study highlights possible candidate genes that may serve a function in the partial rice blast resistance mediated by the loss-of-function of Pi21 and increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in partial resistance against M. oryzae.
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Liu Q, Yang J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Feng A, Yang T, Wang X, Mao X, Dong J, Zhu X, Leung H, Leach JE, Liu B. OsGF14b Positively Regulates Panicle Blast Resistance but Negatively Regulates Leaf Blast Resistance in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:46-56. [PMID: 26467468 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-15-0047-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although 14-3-3 proteins have been reported to be involved in responses to biotic stresses in plants, their functions in rice blast, the most destructive disease in rice, are largely unknown. Only GF14e has been confirmed to negatively regulate leaf blast. We report that GF14b is highly expressed in seedlings and panicles during blast infection. Rice plants overexpressing GF14b show enhanced resistance to panicle blast but are susceptible to leaf blast. In contrast, GF14b-silenced plants show increased susceptibility to panicle blast but enhanced resistance to leaf blast. Yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrate that WRKY71 binds to the promoter of GF14b and modulates its expression. Overexpression of GF14b induces expression of jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis-related genes but suppresses expression of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis-related genes. In contrast, suppressed GF14b expression causes decreased expression of JA synthesis-related genes but activation of SA synthesis-related genes. These results suggest that GF14b positively regulates panicle blast resistance but negatively regulates leaf blast resistance, and that GF14b-mediated disease resistance is associated with the JA- and SA-dependent pathway. The different functions for 14-3-3 proteins in leaf and panicle blast provide new evidence that leaf and panicle blast resistance are controlled by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- 3 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Aiqing Feng
- 3 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Tifeng Yang
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinxue Mao
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- 3 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hei Leung
- 4 Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines; and
| | - Jan E Leach
- 5 Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80537-1177, U.S.A
| | - Bin Liu
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Guo D, Zhang J, Wang X, Han X, Wei B, Wang J, Li B, Yu H, Huang Q, Gu H, Qu LJ, Qin G. The WRKY Transcription Factor WRKY71/EXB1 Controls Shoot Branching by Transcriptionally Regulating RAX Genes in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3112-27. [PMID: 26578700 PMCID: PMC4682308 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoot branching is pivotal for developmental plasticity and crop yield. The formation of branch meristems is regulated by several key transcription factors including REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEMS1 (RAX1), RAX2, and RAX3. However, the regulatory network of shoot branching is still largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of EXCESSIVE BRANCHES1 (EXB1), which affects axillary meristem (AM) initiation and bud activity. Overexpression of EXB1 in the gain-of-function mutant exb1-D leads to severe bushy and dwarf phenotypes, which result from excessive AM initiation and elevated bud activities. EXB1 encodes the WRKY transcription factor WRKY71, which has demonstrated transactivation activities. Disruption of WRKY71/EXB1 by chimeric repressor silencing technology leads to fewer branches, indicating that EXB1 plays important roles in the control of shoot branching. We demonstrate that EXB1 controls AM initiation by positively regulating the transcription of RAX1, RAX2, and RAX3. Disruption of the RAX genes partially rescues the branching phenotype caused by EXB1 overexpression. We further show that EXB1 also regulates auxin homeostasis in control of shoot branching. Our data demonstrate that EXB1 plays pivotal roles in shoot branching by regulating both transcription of RAX genes and auxin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoye Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Liu Q, Shen G, Peng K, Huang Z, Tong J, Kabir MH, Wang J, Zhang J, Qin G, Xiao L. The alteration in the architecture of a T-DNA insertion rice mutant osmtd1 is caused by up-regulation of MicroRNA156f. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:819-29. [PMID: 25677853 PMCID: PMC6681133 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture is an important factor for crop production. Some members of microRNA156 (miR156) and their target genes SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (SPL) were identified to play essential roles in the establishment of plant architecture. However, the roles and regulation of miR156 is not well understood yet. Here, we identified a T-DNA insertion mutant Osmtd1 (Oryza sativa multi-tillering and dwarf mutant). Osmtd1 produced more tillers and displayed short stature phenotype. We determined that the dramatic morphological changes were caused by a single T-DNA insertion in Osmtd1. Further analysis revealed that the T-DNA insertion was located in the gene Os08g34258 encoding a putative inhibitor I family protein. Os08g34258 was knocked out and OsmiR156f was significantly upregulated in Osmtd1. Overexpression of Os08g34258 in Osmtd1 complemented the defects of the mutant architecture, while overexpression of OsmiR156f in wild-type rice phenocopied Osmtd1. We showed that the expression of OsSPL3, OsSPL12, and OsSPL14 were significantly downregulated in Osmtd1 or OsmiR156f overexpressed lines, indicating that OsSPL3, OsSPL12, and OsSPL14 were possibly direct target genes of OsmiR156f. Our results suggested that OsmiR156f controlled plant architecture by mediating plant stature and tiller outgrowth and may be regulated by an unknown protease inhibitor I family protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gezhi Shen
- Crop Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Keqin Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mohammed Humayun Kabir
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Deb A, Kundu S. Deciphering Cis-Regulatory Element Mediated Combinatorial Regulation in Rice under Blast Infected Condition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137295. [PMID: 26327607 PMCID: PMC4556519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) present at the promoters facilitate the binding of several transcription factors (TFs), thereby altering the consequent gene expressions. Due to the eminent complexity of the regulatory mechanism, the combinatorics of CRE-mediated transcriptional regulation has been elusive. In this work, we have developed a new methodology that quantifies the co-occurrence tendencies of CREs present in a set of promoter sequences; these co-occurrence scores are filtered in three consecutive steps to test their statistical significance; and the significantly co-occurring CRE pairs are presented as networks. These networks of co-occurring CREs are further transformed to derive higher order of regulatory combinatorics. We have further applied this methodology on the differentially up-regulated gene-sets of rice tissues under fungal (Magnaporthe) infected conditions to demonstrate how it helps to understand the CRE-mediated combinatorial gene regulation. Our analysis includes a wide spectrum of biologically important results. The CRE pairs having a strong tendency to co-occur often exhibit very similar joint distribution patterns at the promoters of rice. We couple the network approach with experimental results of plant gene regulation and defense mechanisms and find evidences of auto and cross regulation among TF families, cross-talk among multiple hormone signaling pathways, similarities and dissimilarities in regulatory combinatorics between different tissues, etc. Our analyses have pointed a highly distributed nature of the combinatorial gene regulation facilitating an efficient alteration in response to fungal attack. All together, our proposed methodology could be an important approach in understanding the combinatorial gene regulation. It can be further applied to unravel the tissue and/or condition specific combinatorial gene regulation in other eukaryotic systems with the availability of annotated genomic sequences and suitable experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Deb
- Department of Biophysics Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip Kundu
- Department of Biophysics Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology and Biomedical Engineering (TEQIP Phase II), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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56
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Yasuda N, Mitsunaga T, Hayashi K, Koizumi S, Fujita Y. Effects of Pyramiding Quantitative Resistance Genes pi21, Pi34, and Pi35 on Rice Leaf Blast Disease. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:904-909. [PMID: 30690973 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-14-0214-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of resistant cultivars has been an effective method for controlling rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Quantitative blast resistance genes may offer durable resistance because the selection pressure on M. oryzae to overcome resistance is low as a result of the genes' moderate susceptibility. Because the effects of individual resistance genes are relatively small, pyramiding these genes in rice cultivars is a promising strategy. Here, we used near-isogenic and backcross lines of rice cultivar Koshihikari with single- or two-gene combinations of blast resistance genes (pi21, Pi34, and Pi35) to evaluate the suppression of leaf blast. The severity of the disease was assessed throughout the infection process. Resistance varied among the lines: Pi35 conferred the strongest resistance, while Pi34 showed the weakest effects. Two types of combined-gene interactions were observed, and they varied on the basis of gene combination and characteristic of the infection: (i) the combination of two resistance genes was more effective than either of the genes individually or (ii) the combination of two resistance genes was similar to the level of the most effective resistance gene in the pair. The most effective gene combination for the suppression of leaf blast was pi21 + Pi35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Yasuda
- NARO Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Hayashi
- NARO Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Shinzo Koizumi
- NARO Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan; and Tsukuba International Center, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Fujita
- NARO Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan; and College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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57
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Cai H, Yang S, Yan Y, Xiao Z, Cheng J, Wu J, Qiu A, Lai Y, Mou S, Guan D, Huang R, He S. CaWRKY6 transcriptionally activates CaWRKY40, regulates Ralstonia solanacearum resistance, and confers high-temperature and high-humidity tolerance in pepper. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3163-74. [PMID: 25873659 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT), high humidity (HH), and pathogen infection often co-occur and negatively affect plant growth. However, these stress factors and plant responses are generally studied in isolation. The mechanisms of synergistic responses to combined stresses are poorly understood. We isolated the subgroup IIb WRKY family member CaWRKY6 from Capsicum annuum and performed quantitative real-time PCR analysis. CaWRKY6 expression was upregulated by individual or simultaneous treatment with HT, HH, combined HT and HH (HTHH), and Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation, and responded to exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA), ethephon, and abscisic acid (ABA). Virus-induced gene silencing of CaWRKY6 enhanced pepper plant susceptibility to R. solanacearum and HTHH, and downregulated the hypersensitive response (HR), JA-, ethylene (ET)-, and ABA-induced marker gene expression, and thermotolerance-associated expression of CaHSP24, ER-small CaSHP, and Chl-small CaHSP. CaWRKY6 overexpression in pepper attenuated the HTHH-induced suppression of resistance to R. solanacearum infection. CaWRKY6 bound to and activated the CaWRKY40 promoter in planta, which is a pepper WRKY that regulates heat-stress tolerance and R. solanacearum resistance. CaWRKY40 silencing significantly blocked HR-induced cell death and reduced transcriptional expression of CaWRKY40. These data suggest that CaWRKY6 is a positive regulator of R. solanacearum resistance and heat-stress tolerance, which occurs in part by activating CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Cai
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Zhuoli Xiao
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Junbin Cheng
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ji Wu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Yan Lai
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shaoliang Mou
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ronghua Huang
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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WRKY proteins: signaling and regulation of expression during abiotic stress responses. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:807560. [PMID: 25879071 PMCID: PMC4387944 DOI: 10.1155/2015/807560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins are emerging players in plant signaling and have been thoroughly reported to play important roles in plants under biotic stress like pathogen attack. However, recent advances in this field do reveal the enormous significance of these proteins in eliciting responses induced by abiotic stresses. WRKY proteins act as major transcription factors, either as positive or negative regulators. Specific WRKY factors which help in the expression of a cluster of stress-responsive genes are being targeted and genetically modified to induce improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The knowledge regarding the signaling cascade leading to the activation of the WRKY proteins, their interaction with other proteins of the signaling pathway, and the downstream genes activated by them are altogether vital for justified targeting of the WRKY genes. WRKY proteins have also been considered to generate tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses with possible roles in mediating a cross talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this review, we have reckoned the diverse signaling pattern and biological functions of WRKY proteins throughout the plant kingdom along with the growing prospects in this field of research.
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59
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Cheng H, Liu H, Deng Y, Xiao J, Li X, Wang S. The WRKY45-2 WRKY13 WRKY42 transcriptional regulatory cascade is required for rice resistance to fungal pathogen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1087-99. [PMID: 25624395 PMCID: PMC4348788 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.256016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Blast caused by fungal Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide, and this fungus also infects barley (Hordeum vulgare). At least 11 rice WRKY transcription factors have been reported to regulate rice response to M. oryzae either positively or negatively. However, the relationships of these WRKYs in the rice defense signaling pathway against M. oryzae are unknown. Previous studies have revealed that rice WRKY13 (as a transcriptional repressor) and WRKY45-2 enhance resistance to M. oryzae. Here, we show that rice WRKY42, functioning as a transcriptional repressor, suppresses resistance to M. oryzae. WRKY42-RNA interference (RNAi) and WRKY42-overexpressing (oe) plants showed increased resistance and susceptibility to M. oryzae, accompanied by increased or reduced jasmonic acid (JA) content, respectively, compared with wild-type plants. JA pretreatment enhanced the resistance of WRKY42-oe plants to M. oryzae. WRKY13 directly suppressed WRKY42. WRKY45-2, functioning as a transcriptional activator, directly activated WRKY13. In addition, WRKY13 directly suppressed WRKY45-2 by feedback regulation. The WRKY13-RNAi WRKY45-2-oe and WRKY13-oe WRKY42-oe double transgenic lines showed increased susceptibility to M. oryzae compared with WRKY45-2-oe and WRKY13-oe plants, respectively. These results suggest that the three WRKYs form a sequential transcriptional regulatory cascade. WRKY42 may negatively regulate rice response to M. oryzae by suppressing JA signaling-related genes, and WRKY45-2 transcriptionally activates WRKY13, whose encoding protein in turn transcriptionally suppresses WRKY42 to regulate rice resistance to M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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60
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Wang Y, Kwon SJ, Wu J, Choi J, Lee YH, Agrawal GK, Tamogami S, Rakwal R, Park SR, Kim BG, Jung KH, Kang KY, Kim SG, Kim ST. Transcriptome Analysis of Early Responsive Genes in Rice during Magnaporthe oryzae Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:343-54. [PMID: 25506299 PMCID: PMC4262287 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2014.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in most rice-growing regions of the world. In order to investigate early response genes in rice, we utilized the transcriptome analysis approach using a 300 K tilling microarray to rice leaves infected with compatible and incompatible M. oryzae strains. Prior to the microarray experiment, total RNA was validated by measuring the differential expression of rice defense-related marker genes (chitinase 2, barwin, PBZ1, and PR-10) by RT-PCR, and phytoalexins (sakuranetin and momilactone A) with HPLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 231 genes were up-regulated (>2 fold change, p < 0.05) in the incompatible interaction compared to the compatible one. Highly expressed genes were functionally characterized into metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction categories. The oxidative stress response was induced in both early and later infection stages. Biotic stress overview from MapMan analysis revealed that the phytohormone ethylene as well as signaling molecules jasmonic acid and salicylic acid is important for defense gene regulation. WRKY and Myb transcription factors were also involved in signal transduction processes. Additionally, receptor-like kinases were more likely associated with the defense response, and their expression patterns were validated by RT-PCR. Our results suggest that candidate genes, including receptor-like protein kinases, may play a key role in disease resistance against M. oryzae attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingni Wu
- Department of Plant Microbe Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Main Road, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Shigeru Tamogami
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Main Road, Birgunj, Nepal
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sang-Ryeol Park
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Kang
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center/Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gon Kim
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center/Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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