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Sinulariolide Suppresses Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15080238. [PMID: 28767067 PMCID: PMC5577593 DOI: 10.3390/md15080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide is a natural product extracted from the cultured-type soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, and possesses bioactivity against the movement of several types of cancer cells. However, the molecular pathway behind its effects on human bladder cancer remain poorly understood. Using a human bladder cancer cell line as an in vitro model, this study investigated the underlying mechanism of sinulariolide against cell migration/invasion in TSGH-8301 cells. We found that sinulariolide inhibited TSGH-8301 cell migration/invasion, and the effect was concentration-dependent. Furthermore, the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as urokinase, were significantly decreased after 24-h sinulariolide treatment. Meanwhile, the increased expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were in parallel with an increased concentration of sinulariolide. Finally, the expressions of several key phosphorylated proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway were also downregulated by sinulariolide treatment. Our results demonstrated that sinulariolide has significant effects against TSGH-8301 cell migration/invasion, and its effects were associated with decreased levels of MMP-2/-9 and urokinase expression, as well as increased TIMP-1/TIMP-2 expression. The inhibitory effects were mediated by reducing phosphorylation proteins of the PI3K, AKT, and mTOR signaling pathway. The findings suggested that sinulariolide is a good candidate for advanced investigation with the aim of developing a new drug for the treatment of human bladder cancer.
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52
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Park H, Park H, Chung TW, Choi HJ, Jung YS, Lee SO, Ha KT. Effect of Sorbus commixta on the invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:483-490. [PMID: 28586002 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a main cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Thus, a number of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals have been investigated as possible candidates for the inhibition of cancer metastasis. Sorbus commixta Hedl. (SC) is a traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hepatotoxic activities. In this study, we demonstrate that the water extract of SC exerts inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. The activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which is responsible for the invasion of cancer cells, was decreased by SC treatment. The invasive and migratory potentials of the Hep3B cells were also decreased, as evidence by in vitro assay using the Boyden chamber system. In addition, the expression of the chemokine receptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR)4 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6), were inhibited by SC in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, actin fiber organization was markedly suppressed by SC treatment. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that SC suppresses the invasion and migration of highly metastatic Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerin Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seop Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam-do 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Ren H, Wang Z, Zhang S, Ma H, Wang Y, Jia L, Li Y. IL-17A Promotes the Migration and Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Cells Through NF-κB-Mediated MMP Expression. Oncol Res 2017; 23:249-56. [PMID: 27098148 PMCID: PMC7838743 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14562725373716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a significant role in many inflammatory diseases and cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-17A on the invasiveness of colorectal cancer. In the study, we found that IL-17A could promote the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, after being treated with IL-17A, the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were upregulated. Moreover, the nuclear/overall fractions and DNA-binding activity of p65 and p50 were dramatically elevated by IL-17A. Pretreatment with a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor (PDTC) or PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) was proven to abolish the promoting effect of IL-17A on the invasion ability of colorectal cancer cells and upregulation of MMP-2/9. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that IL-17A could promote the invasion of colorectal cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequently upregulating the expression of MMP-2/9. Our results suggest that IL-17A could serve as a promising therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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54
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Choi EO, Cho EJ, Jeong JW, Park C, Hong SH, Hwang HJ, Moon SK, Son CG, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Baicalein Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells through Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:213-221. [PMID: 27530117 PMCID: PMC5340547 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a natural flavonoid obtained from the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to have anticancer activities in several human cancer cell lines. However, its antimetastatic effects and associated mechanisms in melanoma cells have not been extensively studied. The current study examined the effects of baicalein on cell motility and anti-invasive activity using mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. Within the noncytotoxic concentration range, baicalein significantly inhibited the cell motility and invasiveness of B16F10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Baicalein also reduced the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9; however, the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 were concomitantly increased. The inhibitory effects of baicalein on cell motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with its tightening of tight junction (TJ), which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and downregulation of the claudin family of proteins. Additionally, treatment with baicalein markedly reduced the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylated Akt and the invasive activity in B16F10 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that baicalein inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression of MMPs and tightening TJ through the suppression of claudin expression, possibly in association with a suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 34929, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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55
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Chai Y, Xu J, Yan B. The anti-metastatic effect of baicalein on colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2317-2323. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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56
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Wang YF, Xu YL, Tang ZH, Li T, Zhang LL, Chen X, Lu JH, Leung CH, Ma DL, Qiang WA, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Baicalein Induces Beclin 1- and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:123-136. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein (BA), one of the major compounds isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Gerogi, exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, we found that BA reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of cells with BA enhanced microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) expression, acidic vesicular organelle and GFP-LC3 fluorescence dot accumulation. Combined treatment with chloroquine and BA apparently reduced cell viability and increased the cleavage of poly (ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) in both HEY and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines, indicating that BA induces a protective autophagy in these cells. Knockdown of Beclin 1 by siRNA remarkably decreased BA-induced LC3-II lipidation. In addition, we found an increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK, Thr202/Thr204) and AKT (Ser473) after BA treatment, and inhibition of ERK activation by the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 or ERK siRNA blocked BA-induced autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that BA induces Beclin 1- and ERK-dependent autophagy in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-An Qiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P.R. China
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57
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Gong WY, Zhao ZX, Liu BJ, Lu LW, Dong JC. Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein in solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:844-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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58
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Huang H, Du T, Xu G, Lai Y, Fan X, Chen X, Li W, Yue F, Li Q, Liu L, Li K. Matrine suppresses invasion of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by downregulating MMP-2/9 via NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:640-648. [PMID: 28000853 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine is an alkaloid from Sophora flavescens that exhibits multiple protective effects on cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of anti-metastatic effects of matrine on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain unknown. This study investigated the anti-metastatic effects of matrine on CRPC to identify the underlying mechanisms. The effects of matrine on the cell viability of DU145 and PC-3 cells were measured using MTS assay. The impact of matrine on expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunit p65 and phosphorylated p65 in cells untreated or treated with matrine were analyzed by western blotting. The inhibitory effects of matrine on cell migration and invasion were examined by Transwell assay. The impact of matrine on tumorigenesis in male Balb/c nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with cells were investigated in vivo. We found that matrine inhibited the growth of DU145 and PC3 cells time- and dose-dependently both in vitro and in vivo. Migration and invasion capabilities of cells were also suppressed by matrine. At the same time, matrine markedly reduced the expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-2 and p-p65 in both cell lines. Further experiments revealed that matrine exhibited inhibitory effects of migration and invasion of CRPC by downregulating MMP-2/9 through NF-κB pathway. Matrine inhibits invasion of CRPC by reducing levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 through NF-κB pathway. Therefore, it may be a potential anti-metastatic therapeutic agent for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Tao Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Xu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiming Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xinxing Fan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xianju Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
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59
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Xu Z, Mei J, Tan Y. Baicalin attenuates DDP (cisplatin) resistance in lung cancer by downregulating MARK2 and p-Akt. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:93-100. [PMID: 27878245 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DDP (cisplatin) resistance in lung cancer has been widely reported. Baicalin is a flavone glycoside found in genus Scutellaria. However, the effects of baicalin on DDP resistance in lung cancer are unclear. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of combination of baicalin and DDP on proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer cells, and explore possible mechanisms. MTT assay was utilized to evaluate effects of baicalin and DDP on the proliferation of A549 and A549/DPP (DPP-resistant) human lung cancer cells. The probability sum method was used to determine effects of the drug combination. Transwell invasion assay was utilized to detect tumor cell invasion. The mRNA expression of MARK2 in A549 and A549/DPP cells was detected by qPCR. Protein expression of MARK2, p-Akt and Akt was detected by western blot analysis. Baicalin and DPP when used alone inhibited the proliferation of A549 and A549/DDP cells in a dose-dependent manner at 24 and 48 h. For A549 cells, baicalin (8 µg/ml) antagonized DDP (1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/ml) at 24 h. For A549/DDP cells, baicalin and DDP were additive when the concentration of DDP was 4 µg/ml at 24 h. Effects of baicalin and DDP on proliferation inhibition were additive and synergistic when concentrations of DDP were 8 and 4 µg/ml, respectively, at 48 h for both A549 and A549/DDP cells. When baicalin (8 µg/ml) and DDP (4 µg/ml) were combined, the inhibitory rate of tumor cell invasion increased markedly compared to DPP or baicalin alone groups in both A549 and A549/DDP cells. A549/DDP cells had significantly higher MARK2 mRNA levels and protein expression of MARK2 and p-Akt. Baicalin decreased MARK2 mRNA and protein expression of MARK2 and p-Akt in A549/DDP cells dose-dependently. In conclusion, baicalin and DDP were synergistic at inhibiting proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer cells at appropriate dosages and incubation time in the presence or absence of DDP resistance. The attenuation of DDP resistance was associated with downregulation of MARK2 and p-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ju Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Tanshinone IIA suppress the proliferation of HNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma an in vitro study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:267-272. [PMID: 29472776 PMCID: PMC5815998 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at present is considered to be one of the fatal diseases detected commonly in the people belonging to Southeast Asia and southern China. According to the WHO reports among the detected cases of NPC worldwide, 80% are from China. The present study investigates the effect of tanshinone IIA on the migration and invasion potential of HNE-1NPC cells and studied the detailed mechanism involved. Effect of the tanshinone IIA on viability of the HNE-1NPC cells was analyzed by MTS assay. Cell matrigel invasion and wound-healing motility assays, respectively were used for the analysis of invasion and migration potential of HNE-1 cells. Tanshinone IIA inhibited the viability of HNE-1cells in a dose dependent manner. Migration and invasion potential of the tanshinone IIA treated cells was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the control cells after 48 h. Analysis of the proteins involved in migration and invasion revealed a significant decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 on treatment with tanshinone IIA. It also inhibited the p65 and p50 expression in the nuclear fractions of HNE-1 cells after 48 h. Thus, tanshinone IIA inhibits migration and invasion potential of the HNE-1NPC cells through reduction in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Therefore, tanshinone IIA can be used for the treatment of NPC.
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61
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Zhao H, Xue J, Liu J, Liu Y, Cheng Y. Effect of metastasis suppressor 1 on H1299 cells and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2814-2822. [PMID: 27634022 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cells and its clinical significance in non‑small cell lung cancer. The target gene MTSS1-overexpressing lentivirus (LV-MTSS1) was transfected into H1299 cells and expression of MTSS1 was detected at the mRNA and protein levels. Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays revealed that the migration and invasion activities were significantly suppressed by MTSS1, but that it had no effect on cell proliferation. In addition, MTSS1 expression in tissue microarrays including samples from 223 cases of non-small cell lung cancer was tested by immunohistochemistry to explore the correlation between MTSS1 and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. MTSS1 suppressed H1299 cell migration and invasion, and its expression level can be used as a new independent factor for determining the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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62
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Biersack B. Current state of phenolic and terpenoidal dietary factors and natural products as non-coding RNA/microRNA modulators for improved cancer therapy and prevention. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:12-34. [PMID: 30159408 PMCID: PMC6096431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of cancer cells by small non-coding RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), has raised particular interest in the field of oncology. These miRNAs play crucial roles concerning pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the sensitivity of cancer cells towards anticancer drugs. Certain miRNAs are responsible for an enhanced activity of drugs, while others lead to the formation of tumor resistance. In addition, miRNAs regulate survival and proliferation of cancer cells, in particular of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), that are especially drug-resistant and, thus, cause tumor relapse in many cases. Various small molecule compounds were discovered that target miRNAs that are known to modulate tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. This review comprises the effects of naturally occurring small molecules (phenolic compounds and terpenoids) on miRNAs involved in cancer diseases.
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Key Words
- 1,25-D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 18-AGA, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid
- 3,6-DHF, 3,6-dihydroxyflavone
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester
- CDODA-Me, methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18β-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- MicroRNA
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PPAP, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol
- Polyphenols
- RA, retinoic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TQ, thymoquinone
- Terpenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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63
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Abstract
The constituents of many traditional Chinese herbal remedies are currently at the forefront of modern cancer research. Baicalein, a bioactive flavone widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, has shown great potential in the treatment and prevention of cancer without causing severe side effects. Baicalein induces cancer cell apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest. It shows inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation, all of which are necessary for the promotion and progression of cancer. This review presents an overview of the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of baicalein. In addition, the bioavailability of baicalein and approaches to improve it are summarized. Treatments of baicalein in combination with other anti-cancer agents are also mentioned.
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Yan WJ, Ma XC, Gao XY, Xue XH, Zhang SQ. Latest research progress in the correlation between baicalein and breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:472-476. [PMID: 27073644 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring female malignant tumors. According to the 2012 GLOBOCAN statistics, produced by the International Agency for Research On Cancer ('IARC'), nearly 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, with 522,000 related deaths: An increase in the incidence of breast cancer and associated mortality by nearly 18% from 2008. Metastasis is the final step in breast cancer progression, and represents the most common cause of mortality in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, a search for low-toxicity, safe and effective anti-breast cancer drugs in the form of natural compounds has become an intense focus of research. Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has extensive antitumor activity. The present review briefly describes the research that has been performed on the association between baicalein and breast cancer metastasis, and further illustrates the influence of baicalein on the underlying mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis, adding a novel theory basis for baicalein antitumor research. In conclusion, baicalein may represent a promising target for the prevention and therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Cong Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Huan Xue
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Preclinical Models for Investigation of Herbal Medicines in Liver Diseases: Update and Perspective. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4750163. [PMID: 26941826 PMCID: PMC4749812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4750163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease results from a dynamic pathological process associated with cellular and genetic alterations, which may progress stepwise to liver dysfunction. Commonly, liver disease begins with hepatocyte injury, followed by persistent episodes of cellular regeneration, inflammation, and hepatocyte death that may ultimately lead to nonreversible liver failure. For centuries, herbal remedies have been used for a variety of liver diseases and recent studies have identified the active compounds that may interact with liver disease-associated targets. Further study on the herbal remedies may lead to the formulation of next generation medicines with hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. Still, the pharmacological actions of vast majority of herbal remedies remain unknown; thus, extensive preclinical studies are important. In this review, we summarize progress made over the last five years of the most commonly used preclinical models of liver diseases that are used to screen for curative herbal medicines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and liver. We also summarize the proposed mechanisms associated with the observed liver-protective, antifibrotic, and anticancer actions of several promising herbal medicines and discuss the challenges faced in this research field.
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66
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Liu GH, Liu YH, Yang Z, Zhu AL, Zhao CL. MicroRNA-524-5p suppresses the growth and invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1926-1932. [PMID: 26998102 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumor development and progression. miRNA-524-5p (miR-524-5p) has been reported to be involved in the development and progression of several types of cancer, but its role in gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels and function of miR-524-5p in human gastric cancer. The expression levels of miR-524-5p were assessed in gastric cancer specimens and cell lines, including MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cell lines and gastric epithelial mucosa GES-1 cells, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis assays and invasion analysis in gastric cancer cell lines were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-524-5p on gastric cancer cells in vitro. The expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The expression of miR-524-5p was significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Additionally, the results of the in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-524-5p inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cell lines transfected with miR-524-5p exhibited reduced expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that miR-524-5p may function as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, and may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Hua Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - A-Li Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840542. [PMID: 26858957 PMCID: PMC4695650 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. In this review, we will discuss seven common flavonoids that exert different biological effects against HCC via different pathways.
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Rui X, Yan XI, Zhang K. Baicalein inhibits the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells via suppression of the AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:685-688. [PMID: 26870267 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer effect of baicalein has been known for a number of years. However, its anti-metastatic effect and associated mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. The present study investigated the hypothesis that treatment with baicalein may inhibit the proliferation, motility and invasion of human CRC cell lines via regulation of the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Baicalein was demonstrated to significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of CRC cells (P=0.01). Additionally, after treatment with baicalein for 24 h, the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in CRC cells were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.01). Furthermore, treatment with baicalein significantly reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (P=0.01). In conclusion, baicalein appears to inhibit CRC cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via suppression of the AKT signaling pathway. Thus, baicalein is a potential novel therapeutic agent for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Rui
- Department of Gastroenterology, 323 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - X I Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, 323 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 323 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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Suppression of A549 cell proliferation and metastasis by calycosin via inhibition of the PKC‑α/ERK1/2 pathway: An in vitro investigation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7992-8002. [PMID: 26498639 PMCID: PMC4758323 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration and invasion of lung cancer cells into the extracellular matrix contributes to the high mortality rates of lung cancer. The protein kinase C (PKC) and downstream signaling pathways are important in the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. Calycosin (Cal), an effector chemical from Astragalus has been reported to affect the recurrence and metastasis of cancer cells via the regulation of the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The inhibition of Cal on the migration and invasion of A549 cells was investigated in the present study. Cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed using MTT and flow cytometric analyses. A wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay were performed to evaluate the effect of Cal on A549 cell migration and invasion. Invasion-associated proteins, including MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin (E-cad), integrin β1, PKC-α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were detected using western blotting. In addition, PKC-α inhibitor, AEB071, and ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, were used to determine the association between the suppression of PKC-α/ERK1/2 and invasion, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cad and integrin β1. Cal was observed to suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. There were significant differences between the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA)-induced A549 cells treated with Cal and the untreated cells in the rates of migration and invasion. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cad and integrin β1 in the TPA-induced A549 cells changed markedly, compared with the untreated cells. In addition, the suppression of Cal was affected by the PKC inhibitor, AEB071, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. The results of the present study indicated that Cal inhibited the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of the TPA-induced A549 cells. The Cal-induced repression of PKC-α/ERK1/2, increased the expression of E-Cad and inhibited the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1, which possibly demonstrates the mechanism underlying the biological anticancer effects of Cal.
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70
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Yao Q, Lin M, Wang Y, Lai Y, Hu J, Fu T, Wang L, Lin S, Chen L, Guo Y. Curcumin induces the apoptosis of A549 cells via oxidative stress and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1118-26. [PMID: 26310655 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been found to exhibit anticancer activity and certain studies have shown that curcumin triggers the apoptosis of human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, the mechanism underlying curcumin‑mediated apoptosis is not completely understood. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of curcumin on the induction of apoptosis and apoptosis‑related factors in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Treatment of A549 cells with curcumin caused a concentration‑dependent inhibition of cell growth and an increase in apoptosis, as confirmed by THE MTT assay, flow cytometry and morphology analysis. Curcumin‑treatment of A549 cells induced a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cytosolic cytochrome c. Furthermore, curcumin‑induced apoptosis was accompanied by changes in intracellular oxidative stress‑related enzymes, including decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased superoxide dismutase and decreased malondialdehyde and 4‑hydroxynonenal. In addition, induction of apoptosis was also accompanied by phosphorylation and activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway factors c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Banshan Qiao, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Miao Lin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yuebiao Lai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Liao H, Zhao X, Qu J, Zhang J, Cai H. Matrine suppresses invasion and metastasis of NCI-H1299 cells by enhancing microRNA-133a expression. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10714-10722. [PMID: 26379863 PMCID: PMC4565246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrine has been proved to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. However, less studies involved in evaluating the effects and mechanism of matrine in cell migration and invasion of lung cancer. This study was aim to investigate the involvement of miR-133a in matrine's anti-invasion and anti-metastasis in lung cancer. MTT assay was used to assess the inhibition of proliferation effects of matrine in NCI-H1299 cells. Migration and invasion abilities of NCI-H1299 cells were investigated by Transwell assays. Expression of miR-133a was detected by real-time PCR. Anti-miR technique was applied to inhibit miR-133a in matrine treated HCI-H1299 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the activation of EGFR/Akt/MMP-9 pathway. As results, matrine treatment significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of NCI-H1299 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, accompanied by significantly elevation of miR-133a expression. However, matrine failed to inhibit the metastatic ability when cells transfected with anti-miR-133a. Matrine treatment also suppressed activation of EGFR/Akt/MMP-9 pathway. The inhibitory effects of matrine on activation of EGFR pathway were also reversed by anti-miR-133a transfection in NCI-H1299 cells. In conclusion, matrine inhibited the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cell by elevating expression of miR-133a which further suppressed activation of EGFR/Akt/MMP-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Liao
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinkun Qu
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Cao L, Xie B, Yang X, Liang H, Jiang X, Zhang D, Xue P, Chen D, Shao Z. MiR-324-5p Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Invasion by Counteracting ECM Degradation through Post-Transcriptionally Downregulating ETS1 and SP1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133074. [PMID: 26177288 PMCID: PMC4503725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancies, which is highly metastatic and the third common cause of cancer deaths in the world. The invasion and metastasis of cancer cells is a multistep and complex process which is mainly initiated by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Aberrant expression of microRNA has been investigated in HCC and shown to play essential roles during HCC progression. In the present study, we found that microRNA-324-5p (miR-324-5p) was downregulated in both HCC cell lines and tissues. Ectopic miR-324-5p led to the reduction of HCC cells invasive and metastatic capacity, whereas inhibition of miR-324-5p promoted the invasion of HCC cells. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9, the major regulators of ECM degradation, were found to be downregulated by ectopic miR-324-5p, while upregulated by miR-324-5p inhibitor. E26 transformation-specific 1 (ETS1) and Specificity protein 1 (SP1), both of which could modulate MMP2 and MMP9 expression and activity, were presented as the direct targets of and downregulated by miR-324-5p. Downregulation of ETS1 and SP1 mediated the inhibitory function of miR-324-5p on HCC migration and invasion. Our study demonstrates that miR-324-5p suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and might provide new clues to invasive HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhui Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihong Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zili Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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73
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Metformin inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cancer stem-like sphere formation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9873-83. [PMID: 26164004 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral drug that has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, accumulated evidence indicate that metformin may reduce the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes and inhibit tumor cell growth and survival in numerous malignancies, including osteosarcoma (OS) cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation in OS MG63 cells in vitro. Metformin suppressed OS MG63 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and markedly blocked anti-metastatic potentials, migration, and invasion, by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9. Besides, we established OS cancer stem-like cell (CSC) model with sarcosphere formation assay and demonstrated that metformin posed damage on CSCs in OS by inhibiting sphere formation and by inducing their stemness loss. The stemness of CSCs in OS such as self-renewal and differentiation potentials was both impaired with a significant decrease of Oct-4 and Nanog activation. Consistent with this, the positive rates of CD90, CD133, and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) were all observed with reductions in response to metformin exposure. In addition, Western blot showed that metformin activated AMPKα at Tyr172, followed by a downregulated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 and feedback activation of p-AKT Ser(473) in both OS MG63 cells and CSCs. This indicates that AMPK/mTOR/S6 signaling pathway might be involved in the growth inhibition of both OS MG63 cells and CSCs. These results suggest that metformin, a potential anti-neoplastic agent, might make it a novel therapeutic choice for the treatment of OS in the future.
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74
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Chen Q, Gao Q, Chen K, Wang Y, Chen L, Li XU. Curcumin suppresses migration and invasion of human endometrial carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1297-1302. [PMID: 26622667 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has historically been used in anti-cancer therapies. However, the anti-metastatic effect and molecular mechanism of curcumin in endometrial carcinoma (EC) are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to detect the anti-metastatic effects of curcumin and the associated mechanism(s) in EC. Based on assays carried out in EC cell lines, it was observed that curcumin inhibited EC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, following treatment with curcumin for 24 h, there was a decrease in the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 as well as proteinase activity in EC cells. Moreover, curcumin treatment significantly decreased the levels of the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. MEK1 overexpression partially blocked the anti-metastatic effects of curcumin. Combined treatment with ERK inhibitor U0126 and curcumin resulted in a synergistic reduction in MMP-2/-9 expression; the invasive capabilities of HEC-1B cells were also inhibited. In conclusion, curcumin inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression and activity of MMP-2/9 via the suppression of the ERK signaling pathway, suggesting that curcumin is a potential therapeutic agent for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Kunlun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - X U Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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75
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Baicalein inhibits MMP-2 expression in human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:649-56. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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76
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Du Y, Feng J, Wang R, Zhang H, Liu J. Effects of Flavonoids from Potamogeton crispus L. on Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130685. [PMID: 26098839 PMCID: PMC4476667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the efficient utilization of plant resources from constructed wetlands, the potential anti-metastatic effects of flavonoids from Potamogeton crispus L. were investigated in human ovarian cancer cells (ES-2). Two major flavonoids, luteolin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and flavone-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from P. crispus and identified. The effects of these flavonoids on cell proliferation, cell morphology, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell migration and invasion were then investigated. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays and western blotting analysis were conducted to examine the expression level of mRNA and protein. Results indicated that Luteolin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibited ES-2 cell migration and invasion and suppressed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, and Flavone-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside had no significant inhibitory effects on ES-2 cells. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential anti-metastatic properties of a P. crispus flavonoid, and provided a scientific approach for the screening of promising natural resources from constructed wetlands to identify useful products for use in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Du
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinhong Feng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haijie Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Liao H, Wang Z, Deng Z, Ren H, Li X. Curcumin inhibits lung cancer invasion and metastasis by attenuating GLUT1/MT1-MMP/MMP2 pathway. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:8948-8957. [PMID: 26309547 PMCID: PMC4538170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 is found highly expressed in malignant tumors and considered a mediator inducing cancer metastasis. Curcumin is a natural product which exerts anti-invasion and metastasis effects in cancer. This study aimed at evaluating whether attenuating GLUT1 was involved in curcumin's anti-invasion and metastasis effects. In the in vitro part, constricted pcDNA3.1-GLUT1 vector was transfected into A549 cells. MTT assay was used to assess the curcumin's effects on proliferation in lung cancer A549 cells. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the anti-invasion effect of curcumin on A549 cells. Real-time PCR and Western-blotting were employed to examine the expression levels of GLUT1, membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 in curcumin- incubated A549 cells. In the in vivo part, tumor weight and metastatic rate were assessed in nude mice bearing untransfected, empty vector transfected and pcDNA3.1-GLUT1 transfected A549 cells originated tumors. In this study, we found that curcumin began to show significant cytotoxicity against proliferation effect at 45 μmol/L. Curcumin inhibited invasion and expressions of GLUT1, MT1-MMP and MMP2 untransfected A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. pcDNA3.1-GLUT1 transfected A549 cells exhibited resistance to curcumin's anti-invasion effect by up-regulating expressions of GLUT2, MT1-MMP and MMP2. Furthermore, curcumin failed to decrease the metastatic rate in nude mice bearing pcDNA3.1-GLUT1 transfected A549 cells originated tumors. These results suggested that curcumin inhibit lung cancer invasion and metastasis by attenuating GLUT1/MT1-MMP/MMP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Liao
- Second Department of Throcic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Department of Oncology, The 215 Hospital of Nuclear Industry35 West Weiyang Road, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
| | - Zhouquan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shannxi Sengong Hospital9 Huanzhan Street of Huxian, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710300, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Department of Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province309 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Second Department of Throcic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Second Department of Throcic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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78
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Effect of treatment with baicalein on the intracerebral tumor growth and survival of orthotopic glioma models. J Neurooncol 2015; 124:5-11. [PMID: 25968345 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has been proved as a promising chemopreventive compound for many cancers. The aim of this work was to assess the anti-tumor effect of baicalein in the orthotopic glioma models. It was found that treatment of mice with U87 gliomas with baicalein (20 and 40 mg/kg/day, i.p.) significantly inhibited the intracerebral tumor growth and prolonged the survival. Furthermore, treatment with baicalein suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle in U87 gliomas. In addition, treatment with baicalein reduced tumor permeability, attenuated edema of tumors and brains, and improved tight junctions in gliomas. Finally, treatment with baicalein reduced the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in U87 gliomas. In addition, treatment with baicalein also markedly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival of rats with 9L gliomas. In conclusion, baicalein has an obvious anti-tumor activity in the orthotopic glioma models. Our results suggested that treatment with baicalein might be an effective therapy for recurrent malignant brain cancers through suppressing tumor growth and alleviating edema.
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79
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Zheng F, Wu J, Zhao S, Luo Q, Tang Q, Yang L, Li L, Wu W, Hann SS. Baicalein increases the expression and reciprocal interplay of RUNX3 and FOXO3a through crosstalk of AMPKα and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:41. [PMID: 25948105 PMCID: PMC4457308 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalein, a natural flavonoid obtained from the Scutellaria baicalensis root, has been reported to inhibit growth of human lung cancer. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this has not been well elucidated. Methods Cell viability was measured using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis and caspase 3/7 assays. The expression of RUNX3 and FOXO3a mRNA were measured by real time RT-PCR methods. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the phosphorylation and protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Silencing of FOXO3a and RUNX3 were performed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) methods. Exogenous expression of FOXO3a or RUNX3 was carried out by electroporated transfection assays. Results We showed that baicalein significantly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Baicalein induced RUNX3 and FOXO3a protein expression, and increased phosphorylation of AMPKα and ERK1/2. Moreover, the inhibitors of AMPK and MEK/ERK1/2 reversed the effect of baicalein on RUNX3 and FOXO3a protein expression. Interestingly, while compound C had little effect on blockade of baicalein-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PD98059 significantly abrogated baicalein-induced phosphorylation of AMPKα. Intriguingly, while silencing of RUNX3 abolished the effect of baicalein on expression of FOXO3a and apoptosis, silencing of FOXO3a significantly attenuated baicalein-reduced cell proliferation. On the contrary, overexpression of FOXO3a restored the effect of baicalein on cell growth inhibition in cells silencing of endogenous FOXO3a gene and enhanced the effect of baicalein on RUNX3 protein expression. Finally, exogenous expression of RUNX3 increased FOXO3a protein and strengthened baicalein-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Conclusion Collectively, our results show that baicalein inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells through AMPKα- and MEK/ERK1/2-mediated increase and interaction of FOXO3a and RUNX3 protein. The crosstalk between AMPKα and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and the reciprocal interplay of FOXO3a and RUNX3 converge on the overall response of baicalein. This study reveals a novel mechanism for regulating FOXO3a and RUNX3 signaling axis in response to baicalein and suggests a new strategy for NSCLC associated targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Shunyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Qingmei Luo
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Qing Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - LiJun Yang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Liuning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - WanYing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China. .,Higher Education Mega Center, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Yen HR, Liu CJ, Yeh CC. Naringenin suppresses TPA-induced tumor invasion by suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 235:1-9. [PMID: 25866363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin, a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, is believed to possess strong anti-proliferative properties and the ability to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. However, there are no reports describing its effects on the invasion and metastasis of hepatoma cell lines, and the detailed molecular mechanisms of its effects are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying naringenin-mediated inhibition of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in human hepatoma cells (HepG2, Huh-7, and HA22T) and murine embryonic liver cells (BNL CL2). Naringenin suppressed MMP-9 transcription by inhibiting activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. It suppressed TPA-induced AP-1 activity through inhibiting the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, and it suppressed TPA-induced inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation through IκB. Additionally, it suppressed TPA-induced activation of ERK/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt upstream of NF-κB and AP-1. These data suggest that naringenin suppresses the invasiveness and metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting multiple signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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81
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Matrine inhibits the invasive properties of human osteosarcoma cells by downregulating the ERK-NF-κB pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 25:1035-43. [PMID: 24999836 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrine has been used in anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapies for a long time. However, the antimetastatic effect and molecular mechanism(s) of matrine on osteosarcoma are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of matrine and related mechanism(s) on osteosarcoma cells. In the study, we found that matrine inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro and inhibited tumor cell metastasis in vitro at cytotoxic doses. Matrine also decreased the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9, decreased p50 and p65 nuclear translocation, and decreased the phosphorylated level of I-κ-B (IκB)-β. In addition, matrine reduced the phosphorylated levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 proteins, which regulate the invasion of poorly differentiated cancer cells. Finally, when U2OS cells were grown as xenografts in nude mice, intragastric administration of matrine induced a significant dose-dependent decrease in tumor growth. These results show the anticancer properties of matrine, which include the inhibition of invasion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells.
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82
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Carazo Fernández A, Smutny T, Hyrsová L, Berka K, Pavek P. Chrysin, baicalein and galangin are indirect activators of the human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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83
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Sun B, Xu M. Matrine inhibits the migratory and invasive properties of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4158-64. [PMID: 25633440 PMCID: PMC4394955 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine that has historically been used in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. However, the antimetastatic effects and associated molecular mechanisms of matrine on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to assess the antimetastatic effects of matrine on NPC, and identify the underlying mechanisms. Matrine inhibited the proliferation of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, matrine inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC tumor cells at doses below the toxic range. Following treatment with matrine for 24 h, there was a decrease in the protein expression levels and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9 in NPC‑039 cells. In addition, matrine markedly reduced the expression levels of p65 and p50 in the nuclei. Combined treatment of matrine with helenalin, a nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) inhibitor resulted in a synergistic reduction in MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 expression levels, and the invasive capabilities of the NPC‑039 cells were also reduced. In conclusion, matrine inhibits NPC cell migration and invasion by suppressing the NF‑κB pathway. These results suggest that matrine may be a potential therapeutic agent for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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84
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Wang YF, Li T, Tang ZH, Chang LL, Zhu H, Chen XP, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Baicalein Triggers Autophagy and Inhibits the Protein Kinase B/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:674-9. [PMID: 25641124 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein (BA), isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Scutellariae radix (Huangqin in Chinese), is a flavonoid with various pharmacological effects. Herein, we found that BA only slightly reduced the cell viability on HepG2 cells after 24-h treatment as determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. However, BA (50 μM) effectively blocked the colony formation. Meanwhile, BA remarkably induced the formation of autophagosomes after 24-h treatment as determined by immunofluorescence with monodansylcadaverine staining as well as transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Moreover, BA obviously up-regulated the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners in HepG2 cells. When combined with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and BA, the cell viability and colony formation were significantly decreased, indicating that BA triggered protective autophagy, which prevented cell death. Further study showed that BA concentration-dependently and time-dependently decreased the expression of p-AKT (S473), p-ULK1 (S757) and p-4EBP1 (T37 and S65), suggesting the involvement of protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in BA-triggered autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macao, Macao, China
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85
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Jiang WY, Seo GS, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Lee SH. PF2405, standardized fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis, ameliorates colitis in vitro and in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1127-37. [PMID: 25577335 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Standardized extraction procedures for herb are as important as their authentication to maintain their quality and ensure their safe use. We had prepared a standardized and purified Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract, PF2405, which was enriched with three major components, baicalein, oroxylin A and wogonin. In the present study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of PF2405 in vitro and in two different experimental animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. Effect of PF2405 studied in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced HT-29 cells in vitro. In vivo experimental colitis models were induced by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). PF2405 (50 μg/ml) decreased TNF-α-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions through inhibition of phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in HT-29 cells. Combination of baicalein (20 μg/ml), oroxylin A (8 μg/ml), and wogonin (2 μg/ml) markedly inhibits TNF-α-induced COX-2 expression when compared with individual components. PF2405 (25 mg/kg b.w.) treatment significantly reduced histopathological severity; suppressed expression of COX-2, TNF-α, and interleukin-1β in TNBS-induced mice. Moreover, PF2405 (25 mg/kg b.w.) has both potent preventive and therapeutic activities in DSS-induced colitis. Collectively, PF2405 shows prominent anti-inflammatory effect that can be used as a new therapeutic approach for intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Wu Y, Wang Y, Jin Y, Ma X, Zhang Y, Ren H. Matrine inhibits the invasive properties of human glioma cells by regulating epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3682-6. [PMID: 25572156 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine is reported to be effective in tumor therapies; however, the anti‑metastatic effect and molecular mechanism(s) of matrine on glioma remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of matrine on glioma and the associated mechanism(s). In the study, we demonstrated that matrine inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. We also observed that matrine inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells at non‑toxic concentrations. Matrine also decreased the expression of E‑cadherin and increased the expression of N‑cadherin. These results suggest that the anti‑metastatic effect of matrine may be correlated with epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, matrine could reduce the phosphorylation levels of p38 and AKT proteins. In conclusion, these results suggest matrine may be a potential alternative against invasive glioma cells via the p38 MAPK and AKT signaling‑dependent inhibition of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiulong Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Karasawa Y, Tanaka H, Nakai K, Tanabe N, Kawato T, Maeno M, Shimizu N. Tension Force Downregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Upregulates the Expression of Their Inhibitors through MAPK Signaling Pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:905-13. [PMID: 26640410 PMCID: PMC4643081 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), produced by osteoblasts, catalyze the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in osteoid, and the regulation of MMP activity depends on interactions between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We focused on the degradation process of ECM in osteoid that was exposed to mechanical strain, and conducted an in vitro study using MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells to examine the effects of tension force (TF) on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. DESIGN Cells were incubated on flexible-bottomed culture plates and stimulated with or without cyclic TF for 24 hours. The expression of MMPs and TIMPs was examined at mRNA and protein levels by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 MAPK, and stress-activated protein kinases/c-jun N-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS TF decreased the expression of MMP-1, -3, -13 and phosphorylated ERK1/2. In contrast, TF increased the expression of TIMP-2, -3 and phosphorylated SAPK/JNK. The expression of MMP-2, -14, TIMP-1, -4 and phosphorylated p38 MAPK was unaffected by TF. MMP-1, -3 and -13 expression decreased in cells treated with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 compared with untreated control cells. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the TF-induced upregulation of TIMP-2 and -3. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that TF suppresses the degradation process that occurs during ECM turnover in osteoid via decreased production of MMP-1, -3 and -13, and increased production of TIMP-2 and -3 through the MAPK signaling pathways in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Karasawa
- 1. Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- 2. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan ; 3. Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakai
- 2. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan ; 3. Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tanabe
- 3. Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan ; 4. Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- 2. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan ; 3. Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Maeno
- 2. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan ; 3. Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- 5. Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan ; 6. Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Y, Han E, Xing Q, Yan J, Arrington A, Wang C, Tully D, Kowolik CM, Lu DM, Frankel PH, Zhai J, Wen W, Horne D, Yip MLR, Yim JH. Baicalein upregulates DDIT4 expression which mediates mTOR inhibition and growth inhibition in cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 358:170-179. [PMID: 25543165 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a natural flavone that exhibits anticancer properties. Using microarrays we found that DDIT4 was the highest transcript induced by baicalein in cancer cells. We confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines large, dose-related expression of DDIT4 by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot, which correlates with growth inhibition. Time course experiments demonstrate that DDIT4 is rapidly inducible, with high expression maintained for several days in vitro. Induction of DDIT4 expression is p53 independent based on evaluation of p53 knockout cells. Since DDIT4 is known to inhibit mTORC1 activity we confirmed that baicalein suppresses phosphorylation of mTORC1 targets. Using RNA interference we demonstrate that mTORC1 activity and growth inhibition by baicalein is attenuated by knockdown of DDIT4. We furthermore demonstrate suppression of established tumors by baicalein in a mouse model of breast cancer with increased DDIT4 expression in the tumors. Finally, we demonstrate that baicalein upregulates DDIT4 and causes mTORC1 and growth inhibition in platinum resistant cancer cells in marked contrast to platinum chemotherapy treatment. These studies demonstrate that baicalein inhibits mTORC1 through DDIT4 expression, and may be useful in cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ernest Han
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Quanhua Xing
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jin Yan
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amanda Arrington
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dylan Tully
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Claudia M Kowolik
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David M Lu
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul H Frankel
- Biostatistics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jing Zhai
- Pathology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - M L Richard Yip
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John H Yim
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Liu A, Wang W, Fang H, Yang Y, Jiang X, Liu S, Hu J, Hu Q, Dahmen U, Dirsch O. Baicalein protects against polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury via inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 748:45-53. [PMID: 25533331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver dysfunction has been known to occur frequently in cases of sepsis. Baicalein, the main active ingredient of the Scutellaria root, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in endotoxic shock. However, the role of baicalein in polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of baicalein on polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury and to explore the possible mechanisms. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with baicalein (100mg/kg, i.p) at 1h, 6h and 12h following CLP. Baicalein significantly improved the survival of septic mice. Treatment with baicalein ameliorated the CLP-induced liver injury, as indicated by the lower serum aminotransferase levels and the fewer histopathologic abnormalities. Baicalein reduced the neutrophil infiltration and the hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression and release. It also decreased the hepatic and the serum high-mobility group box 1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in septic mice. Moreover, baicalein significantly inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and suppressed the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In conclusion, these results suggest that baicalein treatment could protect against the sepsis-induced liver injury, and improve the survival of mice with polymicrobial sepsis. The mechanism of the protective action of baicalein seems to involve its ability to reduce inflammatory response, to inhibit hepatic apoptosis, and to suppress MAPKs and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 1 Drackendorfer straße, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoshu Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenpei Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jifa Hu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 1 Drackendorfer straße, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 1 Drackendorfer straße, Jena 07747, Germany
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90
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Yan X, Rui X, Zhang K. Baicalein inhibits the invasion of gastric cancer cells by suppressing the activity of the p38 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:737-43. [PMID: 25502212 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, one of the major flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis, has been used in anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapies for a long time. However, the antimetastatic effects and related mechanism(s) in gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of baicalein may inhibit the proliferation, motility and invasion of human gastric cancer cell lines by regulating the p38 signaling pathway. In the present study, we found that baicalein could inhibit migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, after treating with baicalein for 24 h, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 as well as proteinase activity in gastric cancer cells were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, baicalein clearly reduced the phosphorylated levels of p38. Combined treatment with p38 activator partially blocked the antimetastatic effects of baicalein, while p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and baicalein resulted in a synergistic reduction in MMP-2 and -9 expression; the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells was also inhibited. In conclusion, baicalein inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis by reducing cell motility and migration via suppression of the p38 signaling pathway, suggesting that baicalein is a potential therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, 323 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Rui
- Department of Gastroenterology, 323 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 323 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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91
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Ren H, Zhang S, Ma H, Wang Y, Liu D, Wang X, Wang Z. Matrine reduces the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells via reducing the activity of p38 signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:1049-55. [PMID: 25348737 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine has been used in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies for a long time. However, the anti-metastatic effect and related mechanism(s) in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of matrine could inhibit the proliferation, motility, and invasion of human CRC cells via regulating p38 signaling pathway. Results showed that matrine inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, after being treated with matrine for 24 h, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 as well as proteinase activity in CRC cells were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, matrine reduced the phosphorylation level of p38 obviously. Combined treatment with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and matrine resulted in a synergistic reduction of invasion as well as MMP-2/-9 expression in CRC cells. It was also found that matrine inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CRC tumor in vivo. In conclusion, p38 signaling pathway may involve in matrine's inhibitory effects on migration and invasion of CRC cells by reducing the expression of MMP-2/-9, suggesting that matrine may be a potential therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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92
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Feng M, Wang Y, Chen K, Bian Z, Gao Q. IL-17A promotes the migration and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells by coordinately activating MMPs expression via the p38/NF-κB signal pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108502. [PMID: 25250801 PMCID: PMC4177222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective IL-17A plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases and cancers. We aimed to examine the effect of IL-17A on the invasion of cervical cancer cells and study its related mechanisms. Methods Wound healing and matrigel transwell assays were used to examine the effect of IL-17A on cervical cancer cell migration and invasion by a panel of cervical cancer cell lines. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were investigated using western blotting. The activity of p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway was detected too. Results Here, we showed that IL-17A could promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Further molecular analysis showed that IL-17A could up-regulate the expressions and activities of MMP2 and MMP9, and down-regulate the expressions of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Furthermore, IL-17A also activates p38 signal pathway and increased p50 and p65 nuclear expression. In addition, treatment of cervical cancer cells with the pharmacological p38/NF-κB signal pathway inhibitors, SB203580 and PDTC, potently restored the roles of invasion and upregulation of MMPs induced by IL-17A. Conclusion IL-17A could promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell via up-regulating MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and down-regulating TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression via p38/NF-κB signal pathway. IL-17A may be a potential target to improve the prognosis for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Chen
- School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqiong Bian
- Department 5 of Rheumatology, The Fifth Hospital of Xi’an City, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JFW); (QG)
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93
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Hsieh SC, Tsai JP, Yang SF, Tang MJ, Hsieh YH. Metformin inhibits the invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and enhances the chemosensitivity to sorafenib through a downregulation of the ERK/JNK-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathway that reduces uPA and MMP-9 expression. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2809-22. [PMID: 25245054 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities in several cancer cells and animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anti-metastatic activities remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of metformin to inhibit the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and identify its effects on signaling pathways. Our data indicate that metformin inhibits the migration and invasion of human HCC cells. Metformin was also found to significantly inhibit the expression and secretion of MMP-9 and uPA in HCC cells, and suppress the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) or JNK1/2 inhibitor (SP600125) enhanced the inhibitory effects of metformin on the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Moreover, metformin-induced inhibition of MMP-9 and uPA promoter activity also blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and its binding to the MMP-9 and uPA promoters, and these suppressive effects were further enhanced by PD98059 or SP600125. Moreover, metformin markedly enhanced the anti-metastatic effects of sorafenib. In conclusion, metformin inhibits the migration and invasion of HCC cells by suppressing the ERK/JNK-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathway, and thereby reducing uPA and MMP-9 expression. Additionally, combination treatment with metformin and sorafenib yielded synergistic inhibitory effects in suppressing cell migration and invasion of HCC cells. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-metastatic effects of metformin, as well as its ability to enhance the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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94
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Wang L, Ma R, Kang Z, Zhang Y, Ding H, Guo W, Gao Q, Xu M. Effect of IL-17A on the migration and invasion of NPC cells and related mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108060. [PMID: 25244643 PMCID: PMC4171532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In carcinogenesis, inflammasomes may play contradictory roles through facilitating anti-tumor immunity or inducing oncogenic factors. Their function in cancer remains poorly characterized. In this study, we explored the effect of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) on the migration and invasion activity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and account for related mechanisms. Our results revealed that exogenous IL-17A promoted cell migration and invasion significantly in both NPC-039 and CNE-2Z cell lines. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)/-9 and Vimentin could be elevated by IL-17A stimulation; meanwhile the expression of E-cadherin was decreased. The results also show that IL-17A could activate the p38 signaling pathway in IL-17A-stimulated NPC-039 and CNE-2Z cell lines. Combining treatment with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) resulted in decreased invasion capabilities of NPC-039 and CNE-2Z cell lines. SB203580 also inhibited the expression of MMP-2/-9 and increased the expression of E-cadherin in IL-17A-stimulated NPC-039 and CNE-2Z cell lines. IL-17A also could activate NF-κB in NPC-039 and CNE-2Z cell lines. In summary, our data show that IL-17A promote the cell migration and invasion of NPC cells. The effect of IL-17A on cell migration and invasion may be mediated via regulation of the expression of MMP-2/-9 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via p38-NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, IL-17A or its related signaling pathways may be a promising target for preventing and inhibiting NPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei Medical University, Shiyan, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Yin chuan, China
| | - Zhaopeng Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Ningxia Medical University, Yin chuan, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongcheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei Medical University, Shiyan, China
| | - Weina Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei Medical University, Shiyan, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (QG); (MX)
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (QG); (MX)
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95
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Cheng X, Gu J, Zhang M, Yuan J, Zhao B, Jiang J, Jia X. Astragaloside IV inhibits migration and invasion in human lung cancer A549 cells via regulating PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:304-13. [PMID: 25218161 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The migration and invasion characteristics that are related to inflammatory response play important roles in the development of lung cancer. Astagaloside IV (AS-IV), an effective saponin component isolated from Astragali Radix, has been reported to inhibit metastasis of tumor cells. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of AS-IV on inhibiting the migration and invasion characteristics of lung cancer cells. In the present study, cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Wound-healing assay and transwell chambers assay were used to detect the effects of AS-IV on the migration capacity and invasiveness of A549 cells. Metastasis-related bio-markers expressions were detected by Western blot analysis. Levels of inflammatory factors including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell supernatant were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of PKC-α, ERK1/2 and NF-κB were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the migration and invasion ability of A549 has been suppressed in presence of AS-IV. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and integrin β1 were decreased significantly, whereas E-cadherin was increased by the treatment of different concentrations AS-IV. Furthermore, AS-IV also significantly decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Interestingly, PKC pathway inhibitor AEB071 (Sotrastaurin) (0.1 μM) or ERK inhibitor U0126 (1 μM) or NF-κB inhibitor PDTC (1 μM) could affect suppression of AS-IV on cell invasion, at least partially. Our results suggested that the migration and invasion of AS-IV in A549 cells might be related to the PKC-α-ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway. The result indicated that AS-IV could be used as a candidate for the inhibition of metastasis of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiarui Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210046, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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96
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Lin JJ, Su JH, Tsai CC, Chen YJ, Liao MH, Wu YJ. 11-epi-Sinulariolide acetate reduces cell migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing the activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4783-98. [PMID: 25222667 PMCID: PMC4178498 DOI: 10.3390/md12094783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the major causes of death in cancer. An active compound, 11-epi-sinulariolide acetate (11-epi-SA), isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis has been examined for potential anti-cell migration and invasion effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). However, the molecular mechanism of anti-migration and invasion by 11-epi-SA on HCC, along with their corresponding effects, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated anti-migration and invasion effects and the underlying mechanism of 11-epi-SA in HA22T cells, and discovered by trans-well migration and invasion assays that 11-epi-SA provided a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the migration of human HCC HA22T cells. After treatment with 11-epi-SA for 24 h, there were suppressed protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in HA22T cells. Meanwhile, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that 11-epi-SA suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. The 11-epi-SA also suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation of FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chu Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Improvement Station, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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97
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Zhang K, Rui X, Yan X. Curcumin Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasiveness of MHCC97-H Cells via p38 Signaling Pathway. Drug Dev Res 2014; 75:463-8. [PMID: 25195681 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology; 323 Hospital of People's Liberation Army; Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Xiaojiang Rui
- Department of Gastroenterology; 323 Hospital of People's Liberation Army; Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology; 323 Hospital of People's Liberation Army; Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
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98
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Hsu HT, Chi CW. Emerging role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:127-35. [PMID: 27508182 PMCID: PMC4918273 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s48512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes are the major risks for developing HCC. Until now, recurrence and metastasis are the major cause of death in HCC patients. Therefore, identification of new effective molecular targets is an urgent need for treatment of HCC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor which could be activated by PPARγ agonists such as thiazolidinediones, and natural PPARγ ligand (such as 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, 15d-PGJ2). Increasing in vitro and in vivo evidence has demonstrated that PPARγ agonists exhibit an inhibitory role on tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion, suggesting that PPARγ activation may play an important role in the regulation of growth of HCC. It has been reported that PPARγ activation by thiazolidinediones or overexpression of PPARγ by virus-mediated gene transfer has shown growth inhibitory effects in hepatoma cells, but the expression level of PPARγ in HCC tissues still remains conflicting. Notably, a novel PPARγ agonist, honokiol, has recently been found to activate the PPARγ/RXR heterodimer, and has also exhibited significant anti-cancer effects in hepatoma cells. In the present review, we summarized studies on the role and the molecular regulation of PPARγ in HCC development in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ has the potential to be a therapeutic target for future treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Tzu Hsu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chi
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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99
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Chen N, Geng Q, Zheng J, He S, Huo X, Sun X. Suppression of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation play a role in the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1110-6. [PMID: 25069637 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis have rarely been discussed and its mechanisms of action in alcohol-induced liver disease remain unknown. In this study, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured to assess hepatic function; histopathological and immunohistochemical observations were used to evaluate pathological and specific molecular changes in liver tissue and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis in cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major fibrogenic cells in the liver; PCR and western blot analysis were employed to evaluate the changes in the expression of molecules and signaling pathways. We demonstrate that curcumin alleviates alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by affecting the HSCs. We found that the administration of curcumin inhibited alcohol-induced HSC proliferation and even induced HSC apoptosis by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We also found that by suppressing the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, the administration of curcumin impaired the production of extracellular matrix proteins in alcohol-stimulated HSCs. These results indicate that curcumin exerts its hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of HSCs by stimulating ER stress and deactivating HSCs by suppressing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanzheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sai He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Huo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Wu H, Wu X, Bian Z, Gao Q. Interleukin 17A promotes gastric cancer invasiveness via NF-κB mediated matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96678. [PMID: 24905806 PMCID: PMC4048176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A), as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in pathology of inflammatory diseases and tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-17A on the invasiveness of gastric cancer (GC). In the study, we found that IL-17A could promote the migration and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, after treated with IL-17A, the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were upregulated, while the expressions of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were downregulated. Moreover, the nuclear/overall fractions of p65 and p50 were dramatically elevated by IL-17A. Pretreatment with helenalin, a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, was proved to abolish the promoting effect of IL-17A on the invasion ability of GC cells and upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our findings illustrated that IL-17A could promote the invasion of GC cells by activating NF-κB pathway, and subsequently upregulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results may lead to the identification of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, XIAN XD GROUP Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqiong Bian
- Department 5 of rheumatology, the fifth hospital of Xi’an city, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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