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Cox A, Brown KC, Valentovic MA. The E-liquid flavoring vanillin alters energy and autophagic pathways in human proximal tubule (HK-2) epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:111003. [PMID: 38608998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of flavored e-liquids in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has become very popular in recent years, but effects of these products have not been well characterized outside the lung. In this study, acute exposure to the popular flavoring vanillin (VAN) was performed on human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Cells were exposed to 0-1000 μM VAN for 24 or 48 h and cellular stress responses were determined. Mitochondrial viability using MTT assay showed a significant decrease between the control and 1000 μM group by 48 h. Seahorse XFp analysis showed significantly increased basal respiration, ATP production, and proton leak after 24 h exposure. By 48 h exposure, these parameters remained significantly increased in addition to non-mitochondrial respiration and maximal respiration. Glycolytic activity after 24 h exposure showed significant decreases in glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve, and non-glycolytic acidification. The autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3B-I and LC3B-II) were probed via western blotting. The ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I was significantly increased after 24 h exposure to VAN, but by 48 h this ratio significantly decreased. The mitophagy marker PINK1 showed an increasing trend at 24 h, and its downstream target Parkin was significantly increased between the control and 750 μM group only. Finally, the oxidative stress marker 4-HNE was significantly decreased after 48 h exposure to VAN. These results indicate that acute exposure to VAN in the kidney HK-2 model can induce energy and autophagic changes within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Cox A, Brown KC, Bender C, Valentovic MA. The e-liquid flavoring cinnamaldehyde induces cellular stress responses in human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116666. [PMID: 38677246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavored e-liquid use has become popular among e-cigarette users recently, but the effects of such products outside the lung are not well characterized. In this work, acute exposure to the popular flavoring cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was performed on human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Cells were exposed to 0-100 µM CIN for 24-48 h and cellular stress responses were assessed. Mitochondrial viability via MTT assay was significantly decreased at 20 µM for 24 and 48 h exposure. Seahorse XFp analysis showed significantly decreased mitochondrial energy output at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, in addition to significantly reduced ATP Synthase expression. Seahorse analysis also revealed significantly decreased glycolytic function at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, suggesting inability of glycolytic processes to compensate for reduced mitochondrial energy output. Cleaved caspase-3 expression, a mediator of apoptosis, was significantly increased at the 24 h mark. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, a mediator of ER-induced apoptosis, was induced by 48 h and subsequently lost at the highest concentration of 100 µM. This decrease was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in its downstream target cleaved caspase-3 at the 48 h mark. The autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B light chain 3 (LC3B-I and LC3B-II) expression was significantly increased at 100 µM by 24 h. Autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) protein and mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN expression were significantly reduced at 24 and 48 h exposure. These results indicate acute exposure to CIN in the kidney HK-2 model induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Christopher Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States.
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3
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Tang H, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. ATF4 in cellular stress, ferroptosis, and cancer. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1025-1041. [PMID: 38383612 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) family, plays a critical role as a stress-induced transcription factor. It orchestrates cellular responses, particularly in the management of endoplasmic reticulum stress, amino acid deprivation, and oxidative challenges. ATF4's primary function lies in regulating gene expression to ensure cell survival during stressful conditions. However, when considering its involvement in ferroptosis, characterized by severe lipid peroxidation and pronounced endoplasmic reticulum stress, the ATF4 pathway can either inhibit or promote ferroptosis. This intricate relationship underscores the complexity of cellular responses to varying stress levels. Understanding the connections between ATF4, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress holds promise for innovative cancer therapies, especially in addressing apoptosis-resistant cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ATF4, including its structure, modifications, and functions, and delve into its dual role in both ferroptosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tang
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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4
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Zhou C, Huang M, Wang S, Chu S, Zhang Z, Chen N. Tunneling nanotubes: The transport highway for astrocyte-neuron communication in the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110921. [PMID: 38447659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as pivotal structures for intercellular communication, enabling the transfer of cellular components across distant cells. Their involvement in neurological disorders has attracted considerable scientific interest. This review delineates the functions of TNTs within the central nervous system, examining their role in the transmission of bioenergetic substrates, and signaling molecules, and their multifaceted impact on both physiological and pathological processes, with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases. The review highlights the selectivity and specificity of TNTs as dedicated pathways for intercellular cargo delivery, particularly under stress conditions that provoke increased TNT formation. The potential of TNTs as therapeutic targets is explored in depth. We pay particular attention to the interactions between astrocytes and neurons mediated by TNTs, which are fundamental to brain architecture and function. Dysfunctions in these interactions are implicated in the spread of protein aggregates and mitochondrial anomalies, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The review culminates with a synthesis of the current understanding of TNT biology and identifies research gaps, advocating for intensified exploration into TNTs as a promising therapeutic frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiang Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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5
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Jiménez-Gracia L, Marchese D, Nieto JC, Caratù G, Melón-Ardanaz E, Gudiño V, Roth S, Wise K, Ryan NK, Jensen KB, Hernando-Momblona X, Bernardes JP, Tran F, Sievers LK, Schreiber S, van den Berge M, Kole T, van der Velde PL, Nawijn MC, Rosenstiel P, Batlle E, Butler LM, Parish IA, Plummer J, Gut I, Salas A, Heyn H, Martelotto LG. FixNCut: single-cell genomics through reversible tissue fixation and dissociation. Genome Biol 2024; 25:81. [PMID: 38553769 PMCID: PMC10979608 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of single-cell technologies for clinical applications requires disconnecting sampling from downstream processing steps. Early sample preservation can further increase robustness and reproducibility by avoiding artifacts introduced during specimen handling. We present FixNCut, a methodology for the reversible fixation of tissue followed by dissociation that overcomes current limitations. We applied FixNCut to human and mouse tissues to demonstrate the preservation of RNA integrity, sequencing library complexity, and cellular composition, while diminishing stress-related artifacts. Besides single-cell RNA sequencing, FixNCut is compatible with multiple single-cell and spatial technologies, making it a versatile tool for robust and flexible study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez-Gracia
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domenica Marchese
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginevra Caratù
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Melón-Ardanaz
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gudiño
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Roth
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kellie Wise
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics (ACE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Genomics Research Facility, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie K Ryan
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kirk B Jensen
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics (ACE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Genomics Research Facility, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xavier Hernando-Momblona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana P Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Katharina Sievers
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Kole
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Petra L van der Velde
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian A Parish
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jasmine Plummer
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Ivo Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Holger Heyn
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Omniscope, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luciano G Martelotto
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics (ACE), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Omniscope, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abe FR, Dorta DJ, Gravato C, de Oliveira DP. Elucidating the effects of pure glyphosate and a commercial formulation on early life stages of zebrafish using a complete biomarker approach: All-or-nothing! Sci Total Environ 2024; 916:170012. [PMID: 38246377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The search for new methods in the toxicology field has increased the use of early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a versatile organism model. Here, we use early stages of zebrafish to evaluate glyphosate as pure active ingredient and within a commercial formulation in terms of oxidative stress. Biomarkers involved in the oxidative status were evaluated along with other markers of neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, energy balance and motor performance, and the selected tools were evaluated by its sensitivity in determining early-warning events. Zebrafish embryos exposed to glyphosate active ingredient and glyphosate-based formulation were under oxidative stress, but only the commercial formulation delayed the embryogenesis, affected the cholinergic neurotransmission and induced DNA damage. Both altered the motor performance of larvae at very low concentrations, becoming larvae hypoactive. The energy balance was also impaired, as embryos under oxidative stress had lower lipids reserves. Although data suggest that glyphosate-based formulation has higher toxicity than the active ingredient itself, the most sensitive biomarkers detected early-warning effects at very low concentrations of the active ingredient. Biochemical biomarkers of defense system and oxidative damage were the most sensitive tools, detecting pro-oxidant responses at very low concentrations, along with markers of motor performance that showed high sensitivity and high throughput, suitable for detecting early effects linked to neurotoxicity. Alterations on morphology during embryogenesis showed the lowest sensitivity, thus morphological alterations appeared after several alterations at biochemical levels. Tools evaluating DNA damage and cell proliferation showed mid-sensitivity, but low throughput, thus they could be used as complementary markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Renata Abe
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Brazil.
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7
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Kołacz K, Robaszkiewicz A. PARP1 at the crossroad of cellular senescence and nucleolar processes. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102206. [PMID: 38278370 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Senescent cells that occur in response to telomere shortening, oncogenes, extracellular and intracellular stress factors are characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, the morphological and structural changes of the cell that include the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and nucleoli rearrangement. The associated DNA lesions induce DNA damage response (DDR), which activates the DNA repair protein - poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). This protein consumes NAD+ to synthesize ADP-ribose polymer (PAR) on its own protein chain and on other interacting proteins. The involvement of PARP1 in nucleoli processes, such as rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis, the maintenance of heterochromatin and nucleoli structure, as well as controlling the crucial DDR protein release from the nucleoli to nucleus, links PARP1 with cellular senescence and nucleoli functioning. In this review we describe and discuss the impact of PARP1-mediated ADP-ribosylation on early cell commitment to senescence with the possible role of senescence-induced PARP1 transcriptional repression and protein degradation on nucleoli structure and function. The cause-effect interplay between PARP1 activation/decline and nucleoli functioning during senescence needs to be studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kołacz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 /16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), 600 5th Street South, St. Petersburgh, FL 33701, USA.
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8
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Beránková Z, Khanna R, Spěváková M, Langhansová H, Kopecký J, Lieskovská J. Cellular stress is triggered by tick-borne encephalitis virus and limits the virus replication in PMJ2-R mouse macrophage cell line. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102269. [PMID: 37813002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection may represent a stress condition to the host cell. Cells react to it by triggering the defence programme to restore homeostasis and these events may in turn impact the viral replication. The knowledge about tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection-associated stress is limited. Here we investigated the interplay between TBEV infection and stress pathways in PMJ2-R mouse macrophage cell line, as macrophages are the target cells in early phases of TBEV infection. First, to determine how stress influences TBEV replication, the effect of stress inducers H2O2 and tunicamycin (TM) was tested. Viral multiplication was decreased in the presence of both stress inducers suggesting that the stress and cellular stress responses restrict the virus replication. Second, we investigated the induction of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon TBEV infection. The level of oxidative stress was interrogated by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS were intermittently increased in infected cells at 12 hpi and at 72 hpi. As mitochondrial dysfunction may result in increased ROS level, we evaluated the mitochondrial homeostasis by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and found that TBEV infection induced the hyperpolarization of MMP. Moreover, a transient increase of gene expression of stress-induced antioxidative enzymes, like p62, Gclm and Hmox1, was detected. Next, we evaluated the ER stress upon TBEV infection by analysing unfolded protein responses (UPR). We found that infection induced gene expression of two general sensors BiP and CHOP and activated the IRE1 pathway of UPR. Finally, since the natural transmission route of TBEV from its tick vector to the host is mediated via tick saliva, the impact of tick saliva from Ixodes ricinus on stress pathways in TBEV-infected cells was tested. We observed only marginal potentiation of UPR pathway. In conclusion, we found that TBEV infection of PMJ2-R cells elicits the changes in redox balance and triggers cellular stress defences, including antioxidant responses and the IRE1 pathway of UPR. Importantly, our results revealed the negative effect of stress-evoked events on TBEV replication and only marginal impact of tick saliva on stress cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Beránková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ritesh Khanna
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Spěváková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Langhansová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecký
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Lieskovská
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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9
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St-Pierre MK, González Ibáñez F, Kroner A, Tremblay MÈ. Microglia/macrophages are ultrastructurally altered by their proximity to spinal cord injury in adult female mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:273. [PMID: 37990235 PMCID: PMC10664529 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury can cause immediate physical damage to the spinal cord and result in severe neurological deficits. The primary, mechanical tissue damage triggers a variety of secondary damage mechanisms at the injury site which significantly contribute to a larger lesion size and increased functional damage. Inflammatory mechanisms which directly involve both microglia (MG) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) play important roles in the post-injury processes, including inflammation and debris clearing. In the current study, we investigated changes in the structure and function of MG/MDM in the injured spinal cord of adult female mice, 7 days after a thoracic contusion SCI. With the use of chip mapping scanning electron microscopy, which allows to image large samples at the nanoscale, we performed an ultrastructural comparison of MG/MDM located near the lesion vs adjacent regions to provide novel insights into the mechanisms at play post-injury. We found that MG/MDM located near the lesion had more mitochondria overall, including mitochondria with and without morphological alterations, and had a higher proportion of altered mitochondria. MG/MDM near the lesion also showed an increased number of phagosomes, including phagosomes containing myelin and partiallydigested materials. MG/MDM near the injury interacted differently with the spinal cord parenchyma, as shown by their reduced number of direct contacts with synaptic elements, axon terminals and dendritic spines. In this study, we characterized the ultrastructural changes of MG/MDM in response to spinal cord tissue damage in mice, uncovering changes in phagocytic activity, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and inter-cellular interactions within the spinal cord parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5000 W. National Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) and Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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10
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Charrasse S, Poquillon T, Saint-Omer C, Pastore M, Bordignon B, Frye RE, Reynes C, Racine V, Aouacheria A. Quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology relevant for studies on cellular health and environmental toxicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5609-5619. [PMID: 38047232 PMCID: PMC10690410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that play crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, calcium signaling and apoptosis. Their importance in tissue homeostasis and stress responses, combined to their ability to transition between various structural and functional states, make them excellent organelles for monitoring cellular health. Quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology can therefore provide valuable insights into environmentally-induced cell damage. High-content screening (HCS) provides a powerful tool for analyzing organelles and cellular substructures. We developed a fully automated and miniaturized HCS wet-plus-dry pipeline (MITOMATICS) exploiting mitochondrial morphology as a marker for monitoring cellular health or damage. MITOMATICS uses an in-house, proprietary software (MitoRadar) to enable fast, exhaustive and cost-effective analysis of mitochondrial morphology and its inherent diversity in live cells. We applied our pipeline and big data analytics software to assess the mitotoxicity of selected chemicals, using the mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP as an internal control. Six different pesticides (inhibiting complexes I, II and III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) were tested as individual compounds and five other pesticides present locally in Occitanie (Southern France) were assessed in combination to determine acute mitotoxicity. Our results show that the assayed pesticides exhibit specific signatures when used as single compounds or chemical mixtures and that they function synergistically to impact mitochondrial architecture. Study of environment-induced mitochondrial damage has the potential to open new fields in mechanistic toxicology, currently underexplored by regulatory toxicology and exposome research. Such exploration could inform health policy guidelines and foster pharmacological intervention, water, air and soil pollution control and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Poquillon
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- QuantaCell SAS, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Saint-Omer
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuela Pastore
- STATABIO BioCampus, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christelle Reynes
- STATABIO BioCampus, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, Hôpital Saint Eloi, IRMB, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- Institut des Sciences de l′Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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11
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Switzer CH. How super is supersulfide?: Reconsidering persulfide reactivity in cellular biology. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102899. [PMID: 37748320 PMCID: PMC10522965 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to understand the cellular mechanisms of H2S signalling, recent research has focused on supersulfide (i.e., alkyl and inorganic hydropersulfide) formation and subsequent reactivity. While our understanding of supersulfides in biology has rapidly advanced, there are some chemical features of this unique functional group that require re-evaluation. Persulfides, such as glutathione hydropersulfide, have been called "supersulfide" as it is assumed that the alkyl hydropersulfide (RSSH) functional group is a superior nucleophile compared to the corresponding thiol (RSH) due to the alpha effect. However, recent quantum mechanical calculations and experimental data show that persulfides are not "super" nucleophiles, but rather potent electrophiles in cellular biology. It is proposed here that persulfides, via their electrophilic signalling effects, induces a cellular hormesis effect, which may explain the observed effects of altered RSSH production. Therefore, the electrophilic and thiol oxidant properties of persulfides should considered in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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12
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Bartelt-Kirbach B, Golenhofen N. Regulation of rat HspB5/alphaB-Crystallin by microRNAs miR-101a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-330-5p, and miR-376b-3p. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:787-799. [PMID: 37584866 PMCID: PMC10746672 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HspB5/alphaB-crystallin is an ubiquitously expressed member of the small heat shock protein family which help cells to survive cellular stress conditions and are also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs fine-tuning protein expression mainly by inhibiting the translation of target genes. Our earlier finding of an increase in HspB5/alphaB-crystallin protein amount after heat shock in rat hippocampal neurons without a concomitant increase of mRNA prompted us to look for microRNAs as a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. Microarray miRNA expression data of rat hippocampal neurons under control and stress conditions in combination with literature search, miRNA binding site prediction and conservation of target sites yielded nine candidate microRNAs. Of these candidates, five (miR-101a-3p, miR-129-2-3p, miR-330-5p, miR-376b-3p, and miR-491-5p) were able to convey a downregulation by binding to the HspB5 3'- or 5'-UTR in a luciferase reporter gene assay while one (miR-140-5p) led to an upregulation. Overexpression of these six microRNAs in C6 glioma cells showed that three of them (miR-101a-3p, miR-140-5p, and miR-376b-3p) regulated endogenous HspB5 protein amount significantly in the same direction as in the reporter gene assay. In addition, overexpression of miR-330-5p and miR-491-5p in C6 cells resulted in regulation of HspB5 in the opposite direction as expected from the luciferase assay. Analysis of miRNA expression in rat hippocampal neurons after cellular stress by qPCR showed that miR-491-5p was not expressed in these cells. In total, we therefore identified four microRNAs, namely miR-101a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-330-5p, and miR-376b-3p, which can regulate rat HspB5 directly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Bartelt-Kirbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Ecroyd H, Bartelt-Kirbach B, Ben-Zvi A, Bonavita R, Bushman Y, Casarotto E, Cecconi C, Lau WCY, Hibshman JD, Joosten J, Kimonis V, Klevit R, Liberek K, McMenimen KA, Miwa T, Mogk A, Montepietra D, Peters C, Rocchetti MT, Saman D, Sisto A, Secco V, Strauch A, Taguchi H, Tanguay M, Tedesco B, Toth ME, Wang Z, Benesch JLP, Carra S. The beauty and complexity of the small heat shock proteins: a report on the proceedings of the fourth workshop on small heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:621-629. [PMID: 37462824 PMCID: PMC10746627 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fourth Cell Stress Society International workshop on small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a follow-up to successful workshops held in 2014, 2016 and 2018, took place as a virtual meeting on the 17-18 November 2022. The meeting was designed to provide an opportunity for those working on sHSPs to reconnect and discuss their latest work. The diversity of research in the sHSP field is reflected in the breadth of topics covered in the talks presented at this meeting. Here we summarise the presentations at this meeting and provide some perspectives on exciting future topics to be addressed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Raffaella Bonavita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yevheniia Bushman
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR-NANO, Center S3, Modena, Italy
| | - Wilson Chun Yu Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joep Joosten
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rachel Klevit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kathryn A McMenimen
- Program in Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tsukumi Miwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 282, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Montepietra
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR-NANO, Center S3, Modena, Italy
- Department of Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental sustainability sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carsten Peters
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggio, Italy
| | - Dominik Saman
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Valentina Secco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annika Strauch
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Morgan Tanguay
- Program in Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melinda E Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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14
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Lin B, Li Z, Lin Y, Shu Y, Wang J. Evaluation of intracellular lipid droplets viscosity by a probe with high fluorescence quantum yield. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341776. [PMID: 37827674 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid droplets (LDs) are an important organelle as the main energy storage site in cells. LDs viscosity controls the material and energy exchange between it and other organelles. Furthermore, the LDs metabolic abnormalities, cell dysfunction, some diseases may be attributed to the singular LDs viscosity. Currently, the fluorescent probes for sensing the variations of LDs viscosity are still scarce and expose some drawbacks of low fluorescence quantum yield, low sensitivity and LDs polarity interference. Thus, the development of high performance probes is significant to detect LDs viscosity. RESULTS We hereby provide a lipophilic fluorescent probe (TPE-BET) with high fluorescence quantum yield (Φf, 0.91 in glycerol) for imaging LDs viscosity in living cells. With the increase of viscosity from 0.54 cp to 934 cp, the fluorescence at λex/λem = 405/520 nm and the fluorescence quantum yield of TPE-BET linearly increased by 64.9 and 128.5 folds, respectively. Meanwhile, the outstanding LDs staining capability of TPE-BET may provide a high spatial resolution for LDs imaging. The cell imaging of TPE-BET not only successfully observed the viscosity variations of LDs in cell stress models, e.g., ferroptosis, inflammation and mitophagy, but also revealed the increased viscosity and extracellular delivery of LDs in heavy metal cell injury models (Hg/As) for the first time, which may supply concrete evidence for understanding the structure and function of LDs. SIGNIFICANCE This represents a new fluorescent probe TPE-BET with high fluorescence quantum yield for imaging LDs viscosity, which may decrease the dose of probe and excitation light intensity along with the improvement on signal noise ratio (S/N). The imaging results of TPE-BET clarified that LDs viscosity may be an appraisal index on cell differentiation, state evaluation and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zhenru Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yanna Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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15
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Sutterlüty H, Bargl M, Holzmann K. Quantifying telomere transcripts as tool to improve risk assessment for genetic instability and genotoxicity. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 891:503690. [PMID: 37770147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Telomere repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA) are transcribed from telomeres as long non-coding RNAs and are part of the telomere structure with protective function. The genetic stability of cells requires telomeric repeats at the ends of chromosomes. Maintenance of telomere length (TL) is essential for proliferative capacity and chromosomal integrity. In contrast, telomere shortening is a recognized risk factor for carcinogenesis and a biomarker of aging due to the cumulative effects of environmental exposures and life experiences such as trauma or stress. In this context, telomere repeats are lost due to cell proliferation, but are also susceptible to stress factors including reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing oxidative base damage. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) of genomic DNA is an established method to analyze TL as a tool to detect genotoxic events. That same qPCR method can be applied to RNA converted into cDNA to quantify TERRA as a useful tool to perform high-throughput screenings. This short review summarizes relevant qPCR studies using both TL and TERRA quantification, provides an overall view of the molecular mechanisms of telomere protection against ROS by TERRA, and summarizes the presented studies comparing the results at DNA and RNA levels, which indicate that fluctuations at transcript level might reflect a short-term response. Therefore, we conclude that performing both of these measurements together will improve genotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig Sutterlüty
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Bargl
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Pace A, Scirocchi F, Napoletano C, Zizzari IG, Po A, Megiorni F, Asquino A, Pontecorvi P, Rahimi H, Marchese C, Ferretti E, Nuti M, Rughetti A. Targeting FGFRs by pemigatinib induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, cellular stress and upregulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs. J Transl Med 2023; 21:626. [PMID: 37715207 PMCID: PMC10504800 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene family alterations are found in several cancers, indicating their importance as potential therapeutic targets. The FGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) pemigatinib has been introduced in the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma and more recently for relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR2 and FGFR1 rearrangements, respectively. Several clinical trials are currently investigating the possible combination of pemigatinib with immunotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the biological and molecular effects of pemigatinib on different cancer cell models (lung, bladder, and gastric), which are currently objective of clinical trial investigations. METHODS NCI-H1581 lung, KATO III gastric and RT-112 bladder cancer cell lines were evaluated for FGFR expression by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell lines were treated with Pem and then characterized for cell proliferation, apoptosis, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induction of senescence. The expression of microRNAs with tumor suppressor functions was analyzed by qRT-PCR, while modulation of the proteins coded by their target genes was evaluated by Western blot and mRNA. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the various data and student's t test to compare the analysis of two groups. RESULTS Pemigatinib exposure triggered distinct signaling pathways and reduced the proliferative ability of all cancer cells, inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and strong intracellular stress resulting in ROS production, senescence and apoptosis. Pemigatinib treatment also caused the upregulation of microRNAs (miR-133b, miR-139, miR-186, miR-195) with tumor suppressor functions, along with the downregulation of validated protein targets with oncogenic roles (c-Myc, c-MET, CDK6, EGFR). CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to clarifying the biological effects and molecular mechanisms mediated by the anti-FGFR TKI pemigatinib in distinct tumor settings and support its exploitation for combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Pace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Scirocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Asquino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hassan Rahimi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Burtscher J, Hohenauer E, Burtscher M, Millet GP, Egg M. Environmental and behavioral regulation of HIF-mitochondria crosstalk. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:63-73. [PMID: 37385566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) can lead to cell and organ damage. Therefore, aerobic species depend on efficient mechanisms to counteract detrimental consequences of hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and mitochondria are integral components of the cellular response to hypoxia and coordinate both distinct and highly intertwined adaptations. This leads to reduced dependence on oxygen, improved oxygen supply, maintained energy provision by metabolic remodeling and tapping into alternative pathways and increased resilience to hypoxic injuries. On one hand, many pathologies are associated with hypoxia and hypoxia can drive disease progression, for example in many cancer and neurological diseases. But on the other hand, controlled induction of hypoxia responses via HIFs and mitochondria can elicit profound health benefits and increase resilience. To tackle pathological hypoxia conditions or to apply health-promoting hypoxia exposures efficiently, cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia need to be well understood. Here we first summarize the well-established link between HIFs and mitochondria in orchestrating hypoxia-induced adaptations and then outline major environmental and behavioral modulators of their interaction that remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RES Lab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland; International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Armstrong HC, Russell DJF, Moss SEW, Pomeroy P, Bennett KA. Fitness correlates of blubber oxidative stress and cellular defences in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus): support for the life-history-oxidative stress theory from an animal model of simultaneous lactation and fasting. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:551-566. [PMID: 36933172 PMCID: PMC10469160 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-history-oxidative stress theory predicts that elevated energy costs during reproduction reduce allocation to defences and increase cellular stress, with fitness consequences, particularly when resources are limited. As capital breeders, grey seals are a natural system in which to test this theory. We investigated oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration) and cellular defences (relative mRNA abundance of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and redox enzymes (REs)) in blubber of wild female grey seals during the lactation fast (n = 17) and summer foraging (n = 13). Transcript abundance of Hsc70 increased, and Nox4, a pro-oxidant enzyme, decreased throughout lactation. Foraging females had higher mRNA abundance of some Hsps and lower RE transcript abundance and MDA concentrations, suggesting they experienced lower oxidative stress than lactating mothers, which diverted resources into pup rearing at the expense of blubber tissue damage. Lactation duration and maternal mass loss rate were both positively related to pup weaning mass. Pups whose mothers had higher blubber glutathione-S-transferase (GST) expression at early lactation gained mass more slowly. Higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower catalase (CAT) were associated with longer lactation but reduced maternal transfer efficiency and lower pup weaning mass. Cellular stress, and the ability to mount effective cellular defences, could proscribe lactation strategy in grey seal mothers and thus affect pup survival probability. These data support the life-history-oxidative stress hypothesis in a capital breeding mammal and suggest lactation is a period of heightened vulnerability to environmental factors that exacerbate cellular stress. Fitness consequences of stress may thus be accentuated during periods of rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Armstrong
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK.
| | - Debbie J F Russell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Simon E W Moss
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Paddy Pomeroy
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Kimberley A Bennett
- Division of Health Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
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20
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Wass SY, Offerman EJ, Sun H, Hsu J, Rennison JH, Cantlay CC, McHale ML, Gillinov AM, Moravec C, Smith JD, Van Wagoner DR, Barnard J, Chung MK. Novel functional atrial fibrillation risk genes and pathways identified from coexpression analyses in human left atria. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:1219-1226. [PMID: 37329937 PMCID: PMC10527093 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomewide association studies have associated >100 genetic loci with atrial fibrillation (AF), but establishing causal genes contributing to AF remains challenging. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine candidate novel causal genes and mechanistic pathways associated with AF risk loci by incorporating gene expression and coexpression analyses and to provide a resource for functional studies and targeting of AF-associated genes. METHODS Cis-expression quantitative trait loci were identified for candidate genes near AF risk variants in human left atrial tissues. Coexpression partners were identified for each candidate gene. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules and modules with overrepresentation of candidate AF genes. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was applied to the coexpression partners of each candidate gene. IPA and gene set over representation analysis were applied to each WGCNA module. RESULTS One hundred sixty-six AF-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms were located in 135 loci. Eighty-one novel genes not previously annotated as putative AF risk genes were identified. IPA identified mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, epithelial adherens junction signaling, and sirtuin signaling as the most frequent significant pathways. WGCNA characterized 64 modules (candidate AF genes overrepresented in 8), represented by cell injury, death, stress, developmental, metabolic/mitochondrial, transcription/translation, and immune activation/inflammation regulatory pathways. CONCLUSION Candidate gene coexpression analyses suggest significant roles for cellular stress and remodeling in AF, supporting a dual risk model for AF: Genetic susceptibility to AF may not manifest until later in life, when cellular stressors overwhelm adaptive responses. These analyses also provide a novel resource to guide functional studies on potential causal AF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Youn Wass
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erik J Offerman
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Julie H Rennison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Catherine C Cantlay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meghan L McHale
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A Marc Gillinov
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christine Moravec
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mina K Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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21
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Martuscello RT, Chen ML, Reiken S, Sittenfeld LR, Ruff DS, Ni CL, Lin CC, Pan MK, Louis ED, Marks AR, Kuo SH, Faust PL. Defective cerebellar ryanodine receptor type 1 and endoplasmic reticulum calcium 'leak' in tremor pathophysiology. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:301-318. [PMID: 37335342 PMCID: PMC10350926 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Essential Tremor (ET) is a prevalent neurological disease characterized by an 8-10 Hz action tremor. Molecular mechanisms of ET remain poorly understood. Clinical data suggest the importance of the cerebellum in disease pathophysiology, and pathological studies indicate Purkinje Cells (PCs) incur damage. Our recent cerebellar cortex and PC-specific transcriptome studies identified alterations in calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathways that included ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) in ET. RyR1 is an intracellular Ca2+ release channel located on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), and in cerebellum is predominantly expressed in PCs. Under stress conditions, RyR1 undergoes several post-translational modifications (protein kinase A [PKA] phosphorylation, oxidation, nitrosylation), coupled with depletion of the channel-stabilizing binding partner calstabin1, which collectively characterize a "leaky channel" biochemical signature. In this study, we found markedly increased PKA phosphorylation at the RyR1-S2844 site, increased RyR1 oxidation and nitrosylation, and calstabin1 depletion from the RyR1 complex in postmortem ET cerebellum. Decreased calstabin1-RyR1-binding affinity correlated with loss of PCs and climbing fiber-PC synapses in ET. This 'leaky' RyR1 signature was not seen in control or Parkinson's disease cerebellum. Microsomes from postmortem cerebellum demonstrated excessive ER Ca2+ leak in ET vs. controls, attenuated by channel stabilization. We further studied the role of RyR1 in tremor using a mouse model harboring a RyR1 point mutation that mimics constitutive site-specific PKA phosphorylation (RyR1-S2844D). RyR1-S2844D homozygous mice develop a 10 Hz action tremor and robust abnormal oscillatory activity in cerebellar physiological recordings. Intra-cerebellar microinfusion of RyR1 agonist or antagonist, respectively, increased or decreased tremor amplitude in RyR1-S2844D mice, supporting a direct role of cerebellar RyR1 leakiness for tremor generation. Treating RyR1-S2844D mice with a novel RyR1 channel-stabilizing compound, Rycal, effectively dampened cerebellar oscillatory activity, suppressed tremor, and normalized cerebellar RyR1-calstabin1 binding. These data collectively support that stress-associated ER Ca2+ leak via RyR1 may contribute to tremor pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, PH Stem 15-124, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leah R Sittenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Ruff
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Lun Ni
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Pan
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, PH Stem 15-124, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Lattos A, Papadopoulos DK, Giantsis IA, Feidantsis K, Georgoulis I, Karagiannis D, Carella F, Michaelidis B. Investigation of the highly endangered Pinna nobilis' mass mortalities: Seasonal and temperature patterns of health status, antioxidant and heat stress responses. Mar Environ Res 2023; 188:105977. [PMID: 37043840 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, P. nobilis populations have suffered a tremendous reduction, with pathogens potentially playing a crucial role. Considering its highly endangered status, mechanisms leading to mass mortalities were examined in one or multiple pathogens infected populations. Thus, seasonal antioxidant enzymatic activities, hsp70 and catalase mRNA levels, were investigated in two different Greek populations, during mass mortality events in summer of 2020. Samples were collected from Fthiotis and Lesvos during February (ToC 14 ± 1.2 and 15 ± 1 respectively), April (ToC 18 ± 1.2 and 17 ± 1.3 respectively), and June (ToC 24.5 ± 1.5 and 21.5 ± 1.5 respectively) 2020. In July of the same year (ToC 26.5 ± 1.7 in Fthiotis and 24.5 ± 1.7 in Lesvos), no live specimens were found. All biochemical parameters and phylogenetic analysis suggest that pathogen infection increases P. nobilis sensitivity to water temperature, subsequently leading to mass mortality. The latter was obvious in Fthiotis individuals, in which Haplosporidium pinnae was also observed with Mycobacterium spp., compared to Lesvos individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lattos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, GR-53100, Florina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Georgoulis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- National Reference Laboratory for Mollusc Diseases, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 7 Frixou Street, GR-54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Francesca Carella
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Complesso di MSA, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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23
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Lazado CC, Voldvik V, Timmerhaus G, Andersen Ø. Fast and slow releasing sulphide donors engender distinct transcriptomic alterations in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 260:106574. [PMID: 37244121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a naturally occurring compound generated either endogenously or exogenously and serves both as a gaseous signalling molecule and an environmental toxicant. Though it has been extensively investigated in mammalian systems, the biological function of H2S in teleost fish is poorly identified. Here we demonstrate how exogenous H2S regulates cellular and molecular processes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using a primary hepatocyte culture as a model. We employed two forms of sulphide donors: the fast-releasing salt form, sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) and the slow-releasing organic analogue, morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137). Hepatocytes were exposed to either a low (LD, 20 µg/L) or high (HD, 100 µg/L) dose of the sulphide donors for 24 hrs, and the expression of key sulphide detoxification and antioxidant defence genes were quantified by qPCR. The key sulphide detoxification genes sulfite oxidase 1 (soux) and the sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and 2 (sqor) paralogs in salmon showed pronounced expression in the liver and likewise responsive to the sulphide donors in the hepatocyte culture. These genes were ubiquitously expressed in different organs of salmon as well. HD-GYY4137 upregulated the expression of antioxidant defence genes, particularly glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase, in the hepatocyte culture. To explore the influence of exposure duration, hepatocytes were exposed to the sulphide donors (i.e., LD versus HD) either transient (1h) or prolonged (24h). Prolonged but not transient exposure significantly reduced hepatocyte viability, and the effects were not dependent on concentration or form. The proliferative potential of the hepatocytes was only affected by prolonged NaHS exposure, and the impact was not concentration dependent. Microarray analysis revealed that GYY4137 caused more substantial transcriptomic changes than NaHS. Moreover, transcriptomic alterations were more marked following prolonged exposure. Genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism were downregulated by the sulphide donors, primarily in NaHS-exposed cells. Both sulphide donors influenced the immune functions of hepatocytes: genes involved in lymphocyte-mediated response were affected by NaHS, whereas inflammatory response was targeted by GYY4137. In summary, the two sulphide donors impacted the cellular and molecular processes of teleost hepatocytes, offering new insights into the mechanisms underlying H2S interactions in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Lazado
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås 1433, Norway.
| | - Vibeke Voldvik
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Gerrit Timmerhaus
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Øivind Andersen
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås 1433, Norway
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24
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Sharma A, Anand SK, Singh N, Dwivedi UN, Kakkar P. AMP-activated protein kinase: An energy sensor and survival mechanism in the reinstatement of metabolic homeostasis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 428:113614. [PMID: 37127064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells are programmed to favorably respond towards the nutrient availability by adapting their metabolism to meet energy demands. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved serine/threonine energy-sensing kinase. It gets activated upon a decrease in the cellular energy status as reflected by an increased AMP/ATP ratio, ADP, and also during the conditions of glucose starvation without change in the adenine nucelotide ratio. AMPK functions as a centralized regulator of metabolism, acting at cellular and physiological levels to circumvent the metabolic stress by restoring energy balance. This review intricately highlights the integrated signaling pathways by which AMPK gets activated allosterically or by multiple non-canonical upstream kinases. AMPK activates the ATP generating processes (e.g., fatty acid oxidation) and inhibits the ATP consuming processes that are non-critical for survival (e.g., cell proliferation, protein and triglyceride synthesis). An integrated signaling network with AMPK as the central effector regulates all the aspects of enhanced stress resistance, qualified cellular housekeeping, and energy metabolic homeostasis. Importantly, the AMPK mediated amelioration of cellular stress and inflammatory responses are mediated by stimulation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, SIRT1, FoxO and inhibition of NF-κB serving as main downstream effectors. Moreover, many lines of evidence have demonstrated that AMPK controls autophagy through mTOR and ULK1 signaling to fine-tune the metabolic pathways in response to different cellular signals. This review also highlights the critical involvement of AMPK in promoting mitochondrial health, and homeostasis, including mitophagy. Loss of AMPK or ULK1 activity leads to aberrant accumulation of autophagy-related proteins and defective mitophagy thus, connecting cellular energy sensing to autophagy and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Post Office Mati, Lucknow, 226002, India.
| | - Sumit Kr Anand
- Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Department of Pathology, LSU Health, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Neha Singh
- Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | | | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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25
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Steward KF, Refai M, Dyer WE, Copié V, Lachowiec J, Bothner B. Acute stress reduces population-level metabolic and proteomic variation. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:87. [PMID: 36882728 PMCID: PMC9993721 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in omics data due to intrinsic biological stochasticity is often viewed as a challenging and undesirable feature of complex systems analyses. In fact, numerous statistical methods are utilized to minimize the variation among biological replicates. RESULTS We demonstrate that the common statistics relative standard deviation (RSD) and coefficient of variation (CV), which are often used for quality control or part of a larger pipeline in omics analyses, can also be used as a metric of a physiological stress response. Using an approach we term Replicate Variation Analysis (RVA), we demonstrate that acute physiological stress leads to feature-wide canalization of CV profiles of metabolomes and proteomes across biological replicates. Canalization is the repression of variation between replicates, which increases phenotypic similarity. Multiple in-house mass spectrometry omics datasets in addition to publicly available data were analyzed to assess changes in CV profiles in plants, animals, and microorganisms. In addition, proteomics data sets were evaluated utilizing RVA to identify functionality of reduced CV proteins. CONCLUSIONS RVA provides a foundation for understanding omics level shifts that occur in response to cellular stress. This approach to data analysis helps characterize stress response and recovery, and could be deployed to detect populations under stress, monitor health status, and conduct environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F Steward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mohammed Refai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - William E Dyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.,Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Jennifer Lachowiec
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA. .,Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA.
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26
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Netherton CL, Shimmon GL, Hui JYK, Connell S, Reis AL. African Swine Fever Virus Host-Pathogen Interactions. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:283-331. [PMID: 38159232 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus is a complex double-stranded DNA virus that exhibits tropism for cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Virus replication is a multi-step process that involves the nucleus of the host cell as well the formation of large perinuclear sites where progeny virions are assembled prior to transport to, and budding through, the plasma membrane. Like many viruses, African swine fever virus reorganises the cellular architecture to facilitate its replication and has evolved multiple mechanisms to avoid the potential deleterious effects of host cell stress response pathways. However, how viral proteins and virus-induced structures trigger cellular stress pathways and manipulate the subsequent responses is still relatively poorly understood. African swine fever virus alters nuclear substructures, modulates autophagy, apoptosis and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways. The viral genome encodes for at least 150 genes, of which approximately 70 are incorporated into the virion. Many of the non-structural genes have not been fully characterised and likely play a role in host range and modifying immune responses. As the field moves towards approaches that take a broader view of the effect of expression of individual African swine fever genes, we summarise how the different steps in virus replication interact with the host cell and the current state of knowledge on how it modulates the resulting stress responses.
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27
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Lepore A, Kaci FN, Bubici C, Papa S. An Integrated Methodology to Quantify the Glycolytic Stress in Plasma Cell Myeloma in Response to Cytotoxic Drugs. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2675:285-296. [PMID: 37258771 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3247-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy primarily localized within the bone marrow (BM). Myeloma plasma cells, like many other cancer cells, change their metabolism in response to internal and external stimuli. The main metabolic alterations of MM cells include deregulated glycolysis (commonly associated with enhanced uptake and utilization of glucose), lipid metabolism dysregulation, as well as deregulated mitochondrial respiration (commonly associated with the deregulated formation of reactive oxygen species). Over the past decade, the discovery of novel methodologies and the commercialization of sophisticated instrumentation and reagents have facilitated the detection of real-time changes in cellular bioenergetics. Of those, the Seahorse™ extracellular flux (XF) analyzer has been widely used to evaluate the glycolytic flux and mitochondrial respiration in many cell types. While adherent cell lines are easy to use with this technology, non-adherent suspension cells are more difficult to handle especially when their metabolic activities are being investigated in response to drug treatment. Here, we provide an integrated protocol that allows the detection of extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of live myeloma plasma cells in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Our optimized protocol consists of treating myeloma cells with cytotoxic drug of interest in a standard culture plate prior to the real-time analysis in the XF analyzer. Furthermore, we provide results of experiments in which the metabolic activities of myeloma cells in response to cytotoxic treatment were compared between the manufacturer's basic procedure and our optimized protocol. Our observations suggest that our integrated protocol can be used to achieve consistent, well-standardized results and thus it may have broad applications in studies focusing on the characterization of metabolic events in non-adherent suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lepore
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fatma Necmiye Kaci
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Concetta Bubici
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Salvatore Papa
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Knecht CA, Krüger M, Kellmann S, Mäusezahl I, Möder M, Adelowo OO, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Nivala J, Müller JA. Cellular stress affects the fate of microbial resistance to folate inhibitors in treatment wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 845:157318. [PMID: 35839882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environmental prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has come into focus under the One Health concept. Wastewater treatment systems are among the significant sources of AMR in the environment. In such systems, it is uncertain to which extent antimicrobials present at sub-inhibitory concentrations constitute a selective pressure for bacterial maintenance and acquisition of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Here, we mapped AMR to inhibitors of folate biosynthesis in an aerated and a non-aerated horizontal subsurface flow treatment wetland receiving the same pre-treated municipal wastewater. General water characteristics and the concentrations of folate inhibitors were determined to define the ambient conditions over the longitudinal axis of the two treatment wetlands. Profiling of AMR as well as class 1 integrons, a carrier of AR genes against folate inhibitors and other antimicrobials, was conducted by cultivation-dependent and -independent methods. The wetlands achieved mean reductions of AR gene copy numbers in the effluents of at least 2 log, with the aerated system performing better. The folate inhibitors had no noticeable effect on the prevalence of respective AR genes. However, there was a transient increase of AR gene copy numbers and AR gene cassette composition in class 1 integrons in the aerated wetland. The comparison of all data from both wetlands suggests that higher levels of cellular stress in the aerated system promoted the mobility of AR genes via enhancing the activity of the DNA recombinase of the class 1 integron. The findings highlight that environmental conditions that modulate the activity of this genetic element can be more important for the fate of associated AR genes in treatment wetlands than the ambient concentration of the respective antimicrobial agents. By extrapolation, the results suggest that cellular stress also contributes to the mobility of AR gene in other wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Knecht
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, FVST Chair Environmental Technology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krüger
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Simon Kellmann
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Mäusezahl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olawale O Adelowo
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jaime Nivala
- Environmental and Biotechnology Centre (UBZ), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany; Research Unit REVERSAAL, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, de Oliveira LS, Santos BR, Santos EO, Barbosa EM, de Macêdo IO, de Freitas GJC, Santos DDA, de Lavor MSL, Silva JF. Maternal hypothyroidism causes oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the maternal-fetal interface of rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:24-39. [PMID: 36038036 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, gestational diseases involving oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the placenta. However, it is not known whether hypothyroidism also causes OS and ERS at the maternal-fetal interface. The aim was to evaluate the fetal-placental development and the expression of mediators of OS and of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the maternal-fetal interface of hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar rats with propylthiouracil and the fetal-placental development and placental and decidual expression of antioxidant, hypoxia, and UPR mediators were analyzed at 14 and 18 days of gestation (DG), as well the expression of 8-OHdG and MDA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite levels. Hypothyroidism reduced fetal weight at 14 and 18 DG, in addition to increasing the percentage of fetal death and reducing the weight of the uteroplacental unit at 18 DG. At 14 DG, there was greater decidual and/or placental immunostaining of Hif1α, 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD1, GPx1/2, Grp78 and CHOP in hypothyroid rats, while there was a reduction in placental and/or decidual gene expression of Sod1, Gpx1, Atf6, Perk, Ho1, Xbp1, Grp78 and Chop in the same gestational period. At 18 DG, hypothyroidism increased the placental ROS levels and the decidual and/or placental immunostaining of HIF1α, 8-OHdG, MDA, ATF4, GRP78 and CHOP, while it reduced the immunostaining and enzymatic activity of SOD1, CAT, GST. Hypothyroidism increased the placental mRNA expression of Hifα, Nrf2, Sod2, Gpx1, Cat, Perk, Atf6 and Chop at 18 DG, while decreasing the decidual expression of Sod2, Cat and Atf6. These findings demonstrated that fetal-placental restriction in female rats with hypothyroidism is associated with hypoxia and dysregulation in placental and decidual expression of UPR mediators and antioxidant enzymes, and activation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos de Oliveira
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Emilly Oliveira Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Isabela Oliveira de Macêdo
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
- Hospital Veterinario, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil.
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Galoian K, Dahl V, Perez A, Denny C, Becker B, Sedani A, Moran A, Martinez D, Hoyt A, Brown J. PRP-1, a toll-like receptor ligand, upregulates the unfolded protein response in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 33:100644. [PMID: 36368296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that proline-rich polypeptide (PRP-1) is a ligand for innate immunity toll-like receptors (TLR), and an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which induces the death of chondrosarcoma cancer stem cells (CSC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP-1 on the regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in human chondrosarcoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lysates were prepared from a monolayer (bulk or ALDHhigh population), or spheroids chondrosarcoma cell cultures and treated with PRP-1 or control, followed by protein levels quantification by western blotting and mRNA expression by RT-qPCR of protein-RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), and X-box binding protein (XBP1). RESULTS The PRP-1 has been shown to increase the expression of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, ATF6, IRE1α, and XBP1, on both protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSION PRP-1 activated UPR branches in monolayer, spheroid, and stem cell populations of human chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Galoian
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Victoria Dahl
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andres Perez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carina Denny
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Beatrice Becker
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anil Sedani
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Moran
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aaron Hoyt
- Loyola University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey Brown
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Mooradian AD, Haas MJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A common pharmacologic target of cardioprotective drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175221. [PMID: 35998751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances made in cardiovascular disease prevention, there is still substantial residual risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Contemporary evidence suggests that additional reduction in cardiovascular disease risk can be achieved through amelioration of cellular stresses, notably inflammatory stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Only two clinical trials with anti-inflammatory agents have supported the role of inflammatory stress in cardiovascular risk. However, there are no clinical trials with selective ER stress modifiers to test the hypothesis that reducing ER stress can reduce cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the ER stress hypothesis is supported by recent pharmacologic studies revealing that currently available cardioprotective drugs share a common property of reducing ER stress. These drug classes include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, β-adrenergic receptor blockers, statins, and select antiglycemic agents namely, metformin, glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Although these drugs ameliorate common risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, their cardioprotective effects may be partially independent of their principal effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical trials with selective ER stress modifiers are needed to test the hypothesis that reducing ER stress can reduce cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshag D Mooradian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Michael J Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Kolacsek O, Wachtl G, Fóthi Á, Schamberger A, Sándor S, Pergel E, Varga N, Raskó T, Izsvák Z, Apáti Á, Orbán TI. Functional indications for transposase domestications - Characterization of the human piggyBac transposase derived (PGBD) activities. Gene 2022; 834:146609. [PMID: 35609796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements are widespread in all living organisms. In addition to self-reproduction, they are a major source of genetic variation that drives genome evolution but our knowledge of the functions of human genes derived from transposases is limited. There are examples of transposon-derived, domesticated human genes that lost (SETMAR) or retained (THAP9) their transposase activity, however, several remnants in the human genome have not been thoroughly investigated yet. These include the five human piggyBac-derived sequences (PGBD1-5) which share ancestry with the Trichoplusia ni originated piggyBac (PB) transposase. Since PB is widely used in gene delivery applications, the potential activities of endogenous PGBDs are important to address. However, previous data is controversial, especially with the claimed transposition activity of PGBD5, it awaits further investigations. Here, we aimed to systematically analyze all five human PGBD proteins from several aspects, including phylogenetic conservation, potential transposase activity, expression pattern and their regulation in different stress conditions. Among PGBDs, PGBD5 is under the highest purifying selection, and exhibits the most cell type specific expression pattern. In a two-component vector system, none of the human PGBDs could mobilize either the insect PB transposon or the endogenous human PB-like MER75 and MER85 elements with intact terminal sequences. When cells were exposed to various stress conditions, including hypoxia, oxidative or UV stress, the expression profiles of all PGBDs showed different, often cell type specific responses; however, the pattern of PGBD5 in most cases had the opposite tendency than that of the other piggyBac-derived elements. Taken together, our results indicate that human PGBD elements did not retain their mobilizing activity, but their cell type specific, and cellular stress related expression profiles point toward distinct domesticated functions that require further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kolacsek
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gerda Wachtl
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Sándor
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Pergel
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Varga
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Raskó
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Goswami P, Samanta SK, Agarwal T, Ghosh SK. Stress-responsive AMP Kinase like protein regulates encystation of Entamoeba invadens. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 251:111507. [PMID: 35870645 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Starvation is always accompanied by an increase in the ratio of AMP/ATP followed by activation of AMPK. It is one of the sensors for cellular energy status and is highly conserved across various species. Its role in the stage differentiation process of protozoan species like Giardia, Plasmodium, Trypanosome, and Toxoplasma has been reported. Since Entamoeba undergoes encystation in glucose-starved conditions; it intrigued us to investigate the existence and role of AMPK during the differentiation of trophozoites to the cyst. By employing in silico approaches, we have identified an AMPK homologue which is denominated here as EiAMPK (AMPK-like protein in Entamoeba invadens). Sequence and structural analysis indicate that EiAMPK is sequentially and structurally similar to the AMPK alpha subunit of other organisms. The recombinant form of EiAMPK was functionally active and in accordance, its activity was inhibited by an AMPK-specific inhibitor (eg. Compound C). The increased expression of EiAMPK during different stresses indicated that EiAMPK is a stress-responsive gene. To further investigate, whether EiAMPK has any role in encystation, we employed RNAi-mediated gene silencing that demonstrated its active involvement in encystation. It is known that Entamoeba maintains a flow of glucose from the glycolytic pathway to chitin synthesis for cyst wall formation during encystation. It is conceivable that EiAMPK might have a command over such glucose metabolism. As anticipated, the chitin synthesis was found greatly inhibited in both EiAMPK knockdown and Compound C treated cells, indicating that EiAMPK regulates the cyst wall chitin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Goswami
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip K Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Bal NB, Bostanci A, Sadi G, Dönmez MO, Uludag MO, Demirel-Yilmaz E. Resveratrol and regular exercise may attenuate hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction through modulation of cellular stress responses. Life Sci 2022; 296:120424. [PMID: 35196531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardiac damage. In this study, the effects of resveratrol supplementation and regular exercise on hypertension-induced cellular stress responses of myocardium were compared. MAIN METHODS Hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats by deoxycorticosterone-acetate + salt administration for 12 weeks. Resveratrol and regular exercise were applied for the last six weeks. In addition to biochemical and molecular examinations, isoprenaline, phenylephrine and, acetylcholine-mediated contractions and sinus rate were recorded in the isolated cardiac tissues. KEY FINDINGS Resveratrol and regular exercise reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The altered adrenergic and cholinergic responses of the right atrium and left papillary muscles in hypertension were separately improved by resveratrol and regular exercise. Resveratrol and regular exercise decreased plasma and cardiac total antioxidant capacity and, augmented the expression of antioxidant genes in hypertensive rats. While regular exercise restored the increase in p-PERK expression associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and decrease in mitophagic marker PINK1 expression, resveratrol only ameliorated PINK1 expression in hypertensive rats. Resveratrol and exercise training suppressed hypertension-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reversing the increase in NLRP3, p-NF-κB expression and the mature-IL-1β/pro-IL-1β and cleaved-caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio. Resveratrol and exercise enhanced mRNA expression of caspase-3, bax, and bcl-2 involved in the apoptotic pathway, but attenuated phosphorylation of stress-related mitogenic proteins p38 and JNK induced by hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrated the protective effect of resveratrol and exercise on hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating cellular stress responses including oxidative stress, ER stress, mitophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation, and mitogenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Banu Bal
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aykut Bostanci
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, K.Ö. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karaman 70100, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sadi
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, K.Ö. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karaman 70100, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Oguzhan Dönmez
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Han JJW, Nguyen CD, Thrasher JP, DeGuzman A, Chan JY. The Nrf1 transcription factor is induced by patulin and protects against patulin cytotoxicity. Toxicology 2022; 471:153173. [PMID: 35367319 PMCID: PMC9522914 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds that is found in various food products. The adverse health effects associated with exposure to patulin has led to many investigations into the biological basis driving the toxicity of patulin. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which mammalian cells resists patulin-mediated toxicity is poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of the Nrf1 transcription factor renders cells sensitive to the acute cytotoxic effects of patulin. Nrf1 deficiency leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and protein aggregates in response to patulin exposure. Nrf1 expression is induced by patulin, and activation of proteasome genes by patulin is Nrf1-dependent. These findings suggest the Nrf1 transcription factor plays a crucial role in modulating cellular stress response against patulin cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J W Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Carolyn D Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Julianna P Thrasher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anna DeGuzman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jefferson Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Patel R, Parmar N, Pramanik Palit S, Rathwa N, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Diabetes mellitus and melatonin: Where are we? Biochimie 2022; 202:2-14. [PMID: 35007648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related complications are amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The international diabetes federation (IDF) has estimated 592 million people to suffer from DM by 2035. Hence, finding a novel biomolecule that can effectively aid diabetes management is vital, as other existing drugs have numerous side effects. Melatonin, a pineal hormone having antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, has been implicated in circadian dysrhythmia-linked DM. Reduced levels of melatonin and a functional link between melatonin and insulin are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) Additionally, genomic studies revealed that rare variants in melatonin receptor 1b (MTNR1B) are also associated with impaired glucose tolerance and increased risk of T2D. Moreover, exogenous melatonin treatment in cell lines, rodent models, and diabetic patients has shown a potent effect in alleviating diabetes and other related complications. This highlights the role of melatonin in glucose homeostasis. However, there are also contradictory reports on the effects of melatonin supplementation. Thus, it is essential to explore if melatonin can be taken from bench to bedside for diabetes management. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of melatonin in various diabetic models and whether it can be considered a safe drug for managing diabetic complications and diabetic manifestations like oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani Pramanik Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirali Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Division of Life Science, School of Sciences, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391 410, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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Sheng S, Bernardo M, Dzinic SH, Chen K, Sakr WA. The vulnerable primed cancer stem cells in disguise: demystifying the role of Maspin. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:965-74. [PMID: 36451067 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-specific Maspin is widely known as a tumor suppressor. However, while the level of maspin expression is inversely correlated with tumor grade and stage, emerging clinical evidence shows a correlation between seemingly better differentiated tumor cells that express Maspin in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, (n + c)Maspin, with a poor prognosis of many types of cancer. Biological studies demonstrate that Maspin plays an essential role in stem cell differentiation. In light of the recently established characterization of primed stem cells (P-SCs) in development, we propose, for the first time, that cancer stem cells (CSCs) also need to undergo priming (P-CSCs) before their transition to various progeny phenotypes. We envisage major differences in the steady state kinetics between P-SCs and P-CSCs. We further propose that P-CSCs of carcinoma are both marked and regulated by (n + c)Maspin. The concept of P-CSCs helps explain the apparent dichotomous relationships of (n + c)Maspin expression with cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and is supported by the evidence from mechanistic studies. We believe that the potential utility of (n + c)Maspin as a molecular marker of P-CSCs may significantly accelerate the advancement in our understanding of the genesis of tumor phenotypic plasticity in response to changes of tumor microenvironments (TME) or drug treatments. The vulnerabilities of the cellular state of (n + c)Maspin-expressing P-CSCs are also discussed as the rationale for future development of P-CSC-targeted chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the nuclear organization and how it responds to different types of stress. A key component in these responses is molecular traffic between the different sub-nucleolar compartments, such as nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleoli, and various speckle and body compartments. This allows specific repair and response activities in locations where they normally are not active and serve to halt sensitive functions until the stress insult passes and inflicted damage has been repaired. We focus on mammalian cells and their nuclear organization, especially describing the central role of the nucleolus in nuclear stress responses. We describe events after multiple stress types, including DNA damage, various drugs, and toxic compounds, and discuss the involvement of macromolecular traffic between dynamic, phase-separated nuclear organelles and foci. We delineate the key proteins and non-coding RNA in the formation of stress-responsive, non-membranous nuclear organelles, many of which are relevant to the formation of and utilization in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhzaya Batnasan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minttu Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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39
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Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Corrochano LM, Braga GÚL. Photobiology of the keystone genus Metarhizium. J Photochem Photobiol B 2022; 226:112374. [PMID: 34954528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metarhizium fungi are soil-inhabiting ascomycetes which are saprotrophs, symbionts of plants, pathogens of insects, and participate in other trophic/ecological interactions, thereby performing multiple essential ecosystem services. Metarhizium species are used to control insect pests of crop plants and insects that act as vectors of human and animal diseases. To fulfil their functions in the environment and as biocontrol agents, these fungi must endure cellular stresses imposed by the environment, one of the most potent of which is solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we examine the cellular stress biology of Metarhizium species in context of their photobiology, showing how photobiology facilitates key aspects of their ecology as keystone microbes and as mycoinsectides. The biophysical basis of UV-induced damage to Metarhizium, and mechanistic basis of molecular and cellular responses to effect damage repair, are discussed and interpreted in relation to the solar radiation received on Earth. We analyse the interplay between UV and visible light and how the latter increases cellular tolerance to the former via expression of a photolyase gene. By integrating current knowledge, we propose the mechanism through which Metarhizium species use the visible fraction of (low-UV) early-morning light to mitigate potentially lethal damage from intense UV radiation later in the day. We also show how this mechanism could increase Metarhizium environmental persistence and improve its bioinsecticide performance. We discuss the finding that visible light modulates stress biology in the context of further work needed on Metarhizium ecology in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and as keystone microbes that provide essential services within Earth's biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme T P Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Luis M Corrochano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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40
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Fontana NA, Rosse AD, Watts A, Coelho PSR, Costa-Filho AJ. In vivo observation of amyloid-like fibrils produced under stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 199:42-50. [PMID: 34942208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The participation of amyloids in neurodegenerative diseases and functional processes has triggered the quest for methods allowing their direct detection in vivo. Despite the plethora of data, those methods are still lacking. The autofluorescence from the extended β-sheets of amyloids is here used to follow fibrillation of S. cerevisiae Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (Grh1). Grh1 has been implicated in starvation-triggered unconventional protein secretion (UPS), and here its participation also in heat shock response (HSR) is suggested. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) is used to detect fibril autofluorescence in cells (E. coli and yeast) under stress (starvation and higher temperature). The formation of Grh1 large complexes under stress is further supported by size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. The data show for the first time in vivo detection of amyloids without the use of extrinsic probes as well as bring new perspectives on the participation of Grh1 in UPS and HSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália A Fontana
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane D Rosse
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anthony Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paulo S R Coelho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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41
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Raghavan A, Rao P, Neuzil J, Pountney DL, Nath S. Oxidative stress and Rho GTPases in the biogenesis of tunnelling nanotubes: implications in disease and therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021. [PMID: 34921322 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are an emerging route of long-range intercellular communication that mediate cell-to-cell exchange of cargo and organelles and contribute to maintaining cellular homeostasis by balancing diverse cellular stresses. Besides their role in intercellular communication, TNTs are implicated in several ways in health and disease. Transfer of pathogenic molecules or structures via TNTs can promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer malignancy, and the spread of viral infection. Additionally, TNTs contribute to acquiring resistance to cancer therapy, probably via their ability to rescue cells by ameliorating various pathological stresses, such as oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic stress. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in the rejuvenation of targeted cells with mitochondrial heteroplasmy and oxidative stress by transferring healthy mitochondria through TNTs. Recent research has focussed on uncovering the key regulatory molecules involved in the biogenesis of TNTs. However further work will be required to provide detailed understanding of TNT regulation. In this review, we discuss possible associations with Rho GTPases linked to oxidative stress and apoptotic signals in biogenesis pathways of TNTs and summarize how intercellular trafficking of cargo and organelles, including mitochondria, via TNTs plays a crucial role in disease progression and also in rejuvenation/therapy.
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42
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Lecinski S, Shepherd JW, Frame L, Hayton I, MacDonald C, Leake MC. Investigating molecular crowding during cell division and hyperosmotic stress in budding yeast with FRET. Curr Top Membr 2021; 88:75-118. [PMID: 34862033 PMCID: PMC7612257 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell division, aging, and stress recovery triggers spatial reorganization of cellular components in the cytoplasm, including membrane bound organelles, with molecular changes in their compositions and structures. However, it is not clear how these events are coordinated and how they integrate with regulation of molecular crowding. We use the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to study these questions using recent progress in optical fluorescence microscopy and crowding sensing probe technology. We used a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based sensor, illuminated by confocal microscopy for high throughput analyses and Slimfield microscopy for single-molecule resolution, to quantify molecular crowding. We determine crowding in response to cellular growth of both mother and daughter cells, in addition to osmotic stress, and reveal hot spots of crowding across the bud neck in the burgeoning daughter cell. This crowding might be rationalized by the packing of inherited material, like the vacuole, from mother cells. We discuss recent advances in understanding the role of crowding in cellular regulation and key current challenges and conclude by presenting our recent advances in optimizing FRET-based measurements of crowding while simultaneously imaging a third color, which can be used as a marker that labels organelle membranes. Our approaches can be combined with synchronized cell populations to increase experimental throughput and correlate molecular crowding information with different stages in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecinski
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jack W Shepherd
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Frame
- School of Natural Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Imogen Hayton
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Chris MacDonald
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Leake
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
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43
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Lacroix E, Pereira L, Yoo B, Coyle KM, Chandhok S, Zapf R, Marijan D, Morin RD, Vlachos S, Harden N, Audas TE. Evolutionary conservation of systemic and reversible amyloid aggregation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273507. [PMID: 34704593 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental stress, human cells have been shown to form reversible amyloid aggregates within the nucleus, termed amyloid bodies (A-bodies). These protective physiological structures share many of the biophysical characteristics associated with the pathological amyloids found in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Here, we show that A-bodies are evolutionarily conserved across the eukaryotic domain, with their detection in Drosophila melanogaster and Saccharomyces cerevisiae marking the first examples of these functional amyloids being induced outside of a cultured cell setting. The conditions triggering amyloidogenesis varied significantly among the species tested, with results indicating that A-body formation is a severe, but sublethal, stress response pathway that is tailored to the environmental norms of an organism. RNA-sequencing analyses demonstrate that the regulatory low-complexity long non-coding RNAs that drive A-body aggregation are both conserved and essential in human, mouse and chicken cells. Thus, the identification of these natural and reversible functional amyloids in a variety of evolutionarily diverse species highlights the physiological significance of this protein conformation, and will be informative in advancing our understanding of both functional and pathological amyloid aggregation events. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lionel Pereira
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Byoungjoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Krysta M Coyle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sahil Chandhok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Richard Zapf
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dane Marijan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Vlachos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Harden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Timothy E Audas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.,Center for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Karikari AA, Wruck W, Adjaye J. Transcriptome-based analysis of blood samples reveals elevation of DNA damage response, neutrophil degranulation, cancer and neurodegenerative pathways in Plasmodium falciparum patients. Malar J 2021; 20:383. [PMID: 34565410 PMCID: PMC8474955 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum results in severe complications including cerebral malaria (CM) especially in children. While the majority of falciparum malaria survivors make a full recovery, there are reports of some patients ending up with neurological sequelae or cognitive deficit. METHODS An analysis of pooled transcriptome data of whole blood samples derived from two studies involving various P. falciparum infections, comprising mild malaria (MM), non-cerebral severe malaria (NCM) and CM was performed. Pathways and gene ontologies (GOs) elevated in the distinct P. falciparum infections were determined. RESULTS In all, 2876 genes were expressed in common between the 3 forms of falciparum malaria, with CM having the least number of expressed genes. In contrast to other research findings, the analysis from this study showed MM share similar biological processes with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, NCM is associated with drug resistance and glutathione metabolism and CM is correlated with endocannabinoid signalling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). GO revealed the terms biogenesis, DNA damage response and IL-10 production in MM, down-regulation of cytoskeletal organization and amyloid-beta clearance in NCM and aberrant signalling, neutrophil degranulation and gene repression in CM. Differential gene expression analysis between CM and NCM showed the up-regulation of neutrophil activation and response to herbicides, while regulation of axon diameter was down-regulated in CM. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study reveal that P. falciparum-mediated inflammatory and cellular stress mechanisms may impair brain function in MM, NCM and CM. However, the neurological deficits predominantly reported in CM cases could be attributed to the down-regulation of various genes involved in cellular function through transcriptional repression, axonal dysfunction, dysregulation of signalling pathways and neurodegeneration. It is anticipated that the data from this study, might form the basis for future hypothesis-driven malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua A. Karikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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45
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De Maio A, Hightower L. The interaction of heat shock proteins with cellular membranes: a historical perspective. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:769-783. [PMID: 34478113 PMCID: PMC8413713 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of heat shock proteins (HSP) with cellular membranes has been an enigmatic process, initially observed by morphological studies, inferred during the purification of HSP70s, and confirmed after the detection of these proteins on the surface of cancer cells and their insertion into artificial lipid bilayers. Today, the association of several HSP with lipid membranes is well established. However, the mechanisms for membrane insertion have been elusive. There is conclusive evidence indicating that HSP70s have a great selectivity for negatively charged phospholipids, whereas other HSP have a broader spectrum of lipid specificity. HSP70 also oligomerizes upon membrane insertion, forming ion conductance channels. The functional role of HSP70 lipid interactions appears related to membrane stabilization that may play a role during cell membrane biogenesis. They could also play a role as membrane chaperones as well as during endocytosis, microautophagy, and signal transduction. Moreover, HSP membrane association is a key component in the extracellular export of these proteins. The presence of HSP70 on the surface of cancer cells and its interaction with lysosome membranes have been envisioned as potential therapeutic targets. Thus, the biology and function of HSP membrane association are reaching a new level of excitement. This review is an attempt to preserve the recollection of the pioneering contributions of many investigators that have participated in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Investigations of Health and Education Disparities, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Lawrence Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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46
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Matthews S, Mai L, Jeong CB, Lee JS, Zeng EY, Xu EG. Key mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) toxicity across taxonomic groups. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109056. [PMID: 33894368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and detrimental biological effects have been observed on a variety of organisms, from bacteria and alga to plants and animals. A fast-growing number of toxicological studies report diverse responses and wide species-dependent sensitivity upon MNP exposure. While studies are dominated by in vivo animal tests, our understanding of cellular toxicity and the corresponding toxicity mechanisms is still limited. This challenges the proper assessment of environmental hazards and health risks of MNPs. In this review, we gathered and analyzed the up-to-date studies on humans, animals, plants, alga, and bacteria, and identified the similarities and differences in key toxicity mechanisms of MNPs across different taxonomic groups. Particularly, human cell-based studies at the cellular level provide fundamental and valuable information on the key toxicity mechanisms, which are essential to answer the question of whether and how MNPs pose health threats. In general, toxicity mechanisms of MNPs depend on their size, surface characteristics, polymer type, as well as cell type. Plausible toxicity mechanisms mainly include membrane disruption, extracellular polymeric substance disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, cell pore blockage, lysosome destabilization, and mitochondrial depolarization. A deeper understanding of these key mechanisms in different taxonomic groups can also improve both in vivo and in vitro models useful for predictive impact assessments of plastic pollution on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Lei Mai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, College of Nature Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
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47
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Li WV, Zheng D, Wang R, Tian B. MAAPER: model-based analysis of alternative polyadenylation using 3' end-linked reads. Genome Biol 2021; 22:222. [PMID: 34376236 PMCID: PMC8356463 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes express alternative polyadenylation (APA) isoforms. A growing number of RNA sequencing methods, especially those used for single-cell transcriptome analysis, generate reads close to the polyadenylation site (PAS), termed nearSite reads, hence inherently containing information about APA isoform abundance. Here, we present a probabilistic model-based method named MAAPER to utilize nearSite reads for APA analysis. MAAPER predicts PASs with high accuracy and sensitivity and examines different types of APA events with robust statistics. We show MAAPER's performance with both bulk and single-cell data and its applicability in unpaired or paired experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Vivian Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Dinghai Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, and Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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48
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Fracasso M, Reichert K, Bottari NB, da Silva AD, Schetinger MRC, Monteiro SG, da Silva AS. Involvement of ectonucleotidases and purinergic receptor expression during acute Chagas disease in the cortex of mice treated with resveratrol and benznidazole. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:493-502. [PMID: 34302569 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. CD affects people worldwide, primarily in tropical areas. The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential site for T. cruzi persistence during infection. The protozoan may pass through the blood-brain barrier and may cause motor and cognitive neuronal damage. Once in the CNS, T. cruzi triggers immune responses that the purinergic system can regulate. Treatment for CD is based on benznidazole (BNZ); however, this agent has negative side-effects and is toxic to the host. For this reason, we investigated whether resveratrol (RSV), a potent antioxidant and neuroprotective molecule, would modulate purinergic signaling and RSV alone or in combination with BNZ would prevent changes in purinergic signaling and oxidative damage caused by T. cruzi. We infected mice with T. cruzi and treated them with RSV or BNZ for 8 days. Increases in ATP and ADP hydrolysis by NTPDase in the total cortex of infected animals were observed. The treatment with RSV in infected group diminished ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis compared to infected group. The combination of RSV + BNZ decreased AMP hydrolysis in infected animals compared to the INF group, exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. RSV acted as a neuroprotector, decreasing adenosine levels. Infected animals presented an increase of P2X7 and A2A density of purine receptors. RSV reduced P2X7 and A2A and increased A1 density receptors in infected animals. In addition, infected animals showed higher TBARS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels than control. RSV diminished ROS levels in infected mice, possibly due to antioxidant properties. In short, we conclude that resveratrol could act as a neuroprotective molecule, probably preventing inflammatory changes caused by infection by T. cruzi, even though the mice experienced high levels of parasitemia.
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49
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Lopez-Anido RN, Harrington AM, Hamlin HJ. Coping with stress in a warming Gulf: the postlarval American lobster's cellular stress response under future warming scenarios. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:721-734. [PMID: 34115338 PMCID: PMC8275755 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gulf of the Maine (GoM) is one of the fastest warming bodies of water in the world, posing serious physiological challenges to its marine inhabitants. Marine organisms can cope with the cellular and molecular stresses created by climate change through changes in gene expression. We used transcriptomics to examine how exposure to current summer temperatures (16 °C) or temperature regimes reflective of projected moderate and severe warming conditions (18 °C and 22 °C, respectively) during larval development alters expression of transcripts affiliated with the cellular stress response (CSR) in postlarval American lobsters (Homarus americanus). We identified 26 significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts annotated to CSR proteins. Specifically, transcripts for proteins affiliated with heat shock, the ubiquitin family, DNA repair, and apoptosis were significantly over-expressed in lobsters reared at higher temperatures relative to current conditions. Substantial variation in the CSR expression between postlarvae reared at 18 °C and those reared at 22 °C suggests that postlarvae reared under severe warming may have a hindered ability to cope with the physiological and molecular challenges of ocean warming. These results highlight that postlarval American lobsters may experience significant heat stress as rapid warming in the GoM continues, potentially compromising their ability to prevent cellular damage and inhibiting the reallocation of cellular energy towards other physiological functions beyond activation of the CSR. Moreover, this study establishes additional American lobster stress markers and addresses various knowledge gaps in crustacean biology, where sufficient 'omics research is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amalia M Harrington
- Maine Sea Grant College Program, University of Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Room 121, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Heather J Hamlin
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
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Weinhouse C. The roles of inducible chromatin and transcriptional memory in cellular defense system responses to redox-active pollutants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:85-108. [PMID: 33789123 PMCID: PMC8382302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
People are exposed to wide range of redox-active environmental pollutants. Air pollution, heavy metals, pesticides, and endocrine disrupting chemicals can disrupt cellular redox status. Redox-active pollutants in our environment all trigger their own sets of specific cellular responses, but they also activate a common set of general stress responses that buffer the cell against homeostatic insults. These cellular defense system (CDS) pathways include the heat shock response, the oxidative stress response, the hypoxia response, the unfolded protein response, the DNA damage response, and the general stress response mediated by the stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Over the past two decades, the field of environmental epigenetics has investigated epigenetic responses to environmental pollutants, including redox-active pollutants. Studies of these responses highlight the role of chromatin modifications in controlling the transcriptional response to pollutants and the role of transcriptional memory, often referred to as "epigenetic reprogramming", in predisposing previously exposed individuals to more potent transcriptional responses on secondary challenge. My central thesis in this review is that high dose or chronic exposure to redox-active pollutants leads to transcriptional memories at CDS target genes that influence the cell's ability to mount protective responses. To support this thesis, I will: (1) summarize the known chromatin features required for inducible gene activation; (2) review the known forms of transcriptional memory; (3) discuss the roles of inducible chromatin and transcriptional memory in CDS responses that are activated by redox-active environmental pollutants; and (4) propose a conceptual framework for CDS pathway responsiveness as a readout of total cellular exposure to redox-active pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97214, USA.
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